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Lu W, Shiwei Y, Aimin L, Kang X. Clinical relevance of critical plasma homocysteine levels in predicting rupture risk for small and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18192. [PMID: 39107517 PMCID: PMC11303782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been globally recognized as an independent risk factor for various neurovascular diseases. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between critical Hcy concentration and the risk of rupture in intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study collected data from 423 patients with both ruptured and unruptured IAs. We compared demographic data, vascular rupture risk factors, and laboratory test results between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation between critical plasma Hcy levels and the risk of rupture in small to medium-sized IAs. A total of 330 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) and 93 cases of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) were included. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the ruptured and unruptured groups in terms of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, plasma Hcy levels, and IA morphology (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.504; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.279-0.911; P = 0.023), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.924; 95% CI 1.079-3.429; P = 0.027), and plasma Hcy levels (OR 1.420; 95% CI 1.277-1.578; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the rupture of small to medium-sized IAs, all with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that critical plasma Hcy levels are an independent risk factor for increased rupture risk in small to medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Therefore, reducing plasma Hcy levels may be considered a valuable strategy to mitigate the risk of intracranial vascular abnormalities rupture and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Shiwei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Aimin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China.
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Xie Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China.
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Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Accelerated Aging: The Pathogenic Role of Increased Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis, Osteoporosis, and Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e42259. [PMID: 37605676 PMCID: PMC10440097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, seemingly unrelated disorders that occur with advanced age, share major pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis and bone loss. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is among these mechanisms that can cause both vascular and bone disease. In its more severe form, hHcy can present early in life as homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolic pathways of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. In its milder forms, hHcy may go undiagnosed and untreated into adulthood. As such, hHcy may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, thrombophilia, and neurodegeneration, collectively representing accelerated aging. Multiple trials to lower cardiovascular risk and improve bone density with homocysteine-lowering agents, yet none has proven to be clinically meaningful. To understand this unmet clinical need, this review will provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular and bone disease in hHcy, using homocystinuria as a model for accelerated atherosclerosis and bone density loss, a model for accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alkaissi
- Internal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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3
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Ye M, Li H, Luo H, Zhou Y, Luo W, Lin Z. Potential Antioxidative Activity of Homocysteine in Erythrocytes under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010202. [PMID: 36671064 PMCID: PMC9855177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is an amino acid containing a free sulfhydryl group, making it probably contribute to the antioxidative capacity in the body. We recently found that plasma total homocysteine (total-Hcy) concentration increased with time when whole blood samples were kept at room temperature. The present study was to elucidate how increased plasma total-Hcy is produced and explore the potential physiological role of homocysteine. Erythrocytes and leukocytes were separated and incubated in vitro; the amount of total-Hcy released by these two kinds of cells was then determined by HPLC-MS. The effects of homocysteine and methionine on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, osmotic fragility, and methemoglobin formation in erythrocytes under oxidative stress were studied. The reducing activities of homocysteine and methionine were tested by ferryl hemoglobin (Hb) decay assay. As a result, it was discovered that erythrocytes metabolized methionine to homocysteine, which was then oxidized within the cells and released to the plasma. Homocysteine and its precursor methionine could significantly decrease Rosup-induced ROS production in erythrocytes and inhibit Rosup-induced erythrocyte's osmotic fragility increase and methemoglobin formation. Homocysteine (but not methionine) was demonstrated to enhance ferryl Hb reduction. In conclusion, erythrocytes metabolize methionine to homocysteine, which contributes to the antioxidative capability under oxidative stress and might be a supplementary protective factor for erythrocytes against ROS damage.
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Parthasarathy S, Soundararajan P, Sakthivelu M, Karuppiah KM, Velusamy P, Gopinath SC, Pachaiappan R. The role of prognostic biomarkers and their implications in early detection of preeclampsia: A systematic review. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cheng M, Xue H, Li X, Yan Q, Zhu D, Wang Y, Shi Y, Fu C. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and its major determinants among hypertensive patients over 35 years of age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:616-623. [PMID: 34462555 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypertension are associated with cardiovascular events. However, effects of Hcy-lowing interventions on cardiovascular outcome were conflicting. Serum folate level was proposed to be a possible determinant of efficacy of extra folate supplementation on cardiovascular outcome. The aims of the present study were to describe representative information on the levels of serum homocysteine and folate in hypertensive patients, and to explore the major determinants of HHcy. METHODS 11,007 participants with hypertension were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Blood pressure and serum levels of biochemical indicators were measured. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of HHcy. RESULTS Geometric mean of serum total homocysteine was 14.1 (95% CI: 13.9, 14.4) μmol/L and prevalence of HHcy was 36.1 (95% CI: 34.0, 38.1) % in hypertensive patients. HHcy was strongly associated with factors including male sex, older age, elevated serum creatinine (SCr), lower serum folate and vitamin B12, and uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Elevated SCr attributed to HHcy with the etiologic fraction of 0.29. The change of the odds ratio of HHcy associated with folate was significantly higher in patients with elevated SCr compared with that of patients with normal SCr. CONCLUSION The results suggested the protection of female sex and higher levels of folate and vitamin B12 from HHcy and attribution of older age and elevated SCr to HHcy. Restoring renal function deserved attention for hypertensive patients to benefit from Hcy-lowing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Cheng
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingliang Zhu
- Research Center for Hypertension Management and Prevention in Community, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center for Hypertension Management and Prevention in Community, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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CHEN SP, HU TH, ZHOU Q, CHEN TP, YIN D, HE H, HUANG Q, HE M. Luteoloside protects the vascular endothelium against iron overload injury via the ROS/ADMA/DDAH II/eNOS/NO pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang YZ, Zeng RX, Zhou YS, Zhang MZ. Kuanxiong Aerosol () in Treatment of Angina Pectoris: A Literature Review and Network Pharmacology. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:470-480. [PMID: 34047948 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-2867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angina pectoris (AP) is the most common symptom of cardiovascular diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life in cardiovascular patients. Kuanxiong (KX) Aerosol (), a compound preparation that consists of 5 traditional Chinese medicines: Herba Asari , Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum, Lignum Santali Albi, Fructus Piperis Longi, and Borneolum, has been used in the treatment of AP for many years, exhibiting a significant curative effect and less side-effect. For the convenience and comprehensive understanding of KX Aerosol, this review systematically summarizes evidence on KX Aerosol in the treatment of AP including the pharmacological effects of its composition, clinical research, animal experiments, and network pharmacology prediction. Meanwhile, we highlight the research limitation of KX Aerosol at present. This review may guide the clinical application of KX Aerosol and further provide a reference for the research of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Zeng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Division of Chest Pain Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan-Shen Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Division of Chest Pain Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min-Zhou Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Division of Chest Pain Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Atazadegan MA, Bagherniya M, Askari G, Tasbandi A, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Homocysteine. Molecules 2021; 26:3081. [PMID: 34064073 PMCID: PMC8196702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in global communities. By 2030, CVD-related deaths are projected to reach a global rise of 25 million. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia are several known risk factors for CVDs. Elevated homocysteine is tightly related to CVDs through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation of the vascular endothelium. The strategies for appropriate management of CVDs are constantly evolving; medicinal plants have received remarkable attention in recent researches, since these natural products have promising effects on the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. The effects of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD/dyslipidemia have been previously studied. However, to our knowledge, the association between herbal bioactive compounds and homocysteine has not been reviewed in details. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review the efficacy of bioactive natural compounds on homocysteine levels according to clinical trials and animal studies. RESULTS Based on animal studies, black and green tea, cinnamon, resveratrol, curcumin, garlic extract, ginger, and soy significantly reduced the homocysteine levels. According to the clinical trials, curcumin and resveratrol showed favorable effects on serum homocysteine. In conclusion, this review highlighted the beneficial effects of medicinal plants as natural, inexpensive, and accessible agents on homocysteine levels based on animal studies. Nevertheless, the results of the clinical trials were not uniform, suggesting that more well-designed trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Atazadegan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
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Jiang Q, Wang L, Si X, Tian JL, Zhang Y, Gui HL, Li B, Tan DH. Current progress on the mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular injury and use of natural polyphenol compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174168. [PMID: 33984300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population, and its incidence has rapidly increased with the prolongation of life expectancy. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, and damage to vascular function plays an initial role in its pathogenesis. This review presents the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of vascular injury caused by hyperhomocysteinemia, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein N-homocysteinization, and epigenetic modification, and discusses the therapeutic targets of natural polyphenols. Studies have shown that natural polyphenols in plants can reduce homocysteine levels and regulate DNA methylation by acting on oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways, thus improving hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular injury. Natural polyphenols obtained via daily diet are safer and have more practical significance in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases than traditional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Jin-Long Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Hai-Long Gui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - De-Hong Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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Fan Y, Gao Q, Guan JX, Liu L, Hong M, Jun L, Wang L, Ding HF, Jiang LH, Hou BY, Li M, Song ZQ, Sun DQ, Yan CQ, Ma L. DDAH2 (-449 G/C) G allele is positively associated with leukoaraiosis in northeastern China: a double-blind, intergroup comparison, case-control study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1592-1597. [PMID: 33433489 PMCID: PMC8323672 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction is involved in the progression of leukoaraiosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide, which is highly expressed in patients with leukoaraiosis. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is a hydrolytic enzyme that is primarily responsible for eliminating asymmetric dimethylarginine, and it plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The DDAH2 subtype is expressed in organs rich in induced nitric oxide synthase, including the heart, the placenta, and the cerebral endothelium during cerebral ischemia, in the stress state, or under neurotoxicity. Overexpression of the DDAH2 gene can inhibit asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced peripheral circulating endothelial cell dysfunction. However, it is unknown whether this polymorphism regulates plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with leukoaraiosis. In this double-blind study, we recruited 46 patients with leukoaraiosis and 46 healthy, matched controls. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples, and polymerase chain reaction, SmaI restriction enzyme digestion, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and agarose electrophoresis were used to detect DDAH2 (-449 G/C) gene polymorphisms. The results revealed that 95.65% of leukoaraiosis patients had recessive genetic models (GG and CG), while 89.13% of healthy control subjects had dominant genetic models (CC and CG). There was a significant difference in the genotype composition ratio between leukoaraiosis patients and healthy controls (P = 0.0002). The frequency of G alleles in the leukoaraiosis patients (71.74%) was significantly higher than in healthy controls, whereas the frequency of C alleles was lower (χ2= 13.9580, P = 0.0002). Furthermore, asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in subjects with the GG genotype were significantly higher than in subjects with the CG and CC genotypes (Kruskal–Wallis H = 24.5955, P < 0.0001). In addition, the GG genotype of DDAH2 (-449 G/C) was more common in patients with leukoaraiosis. These findings suggest that the G allele of DDAH2 (-449 G/C) is a risk factor for leukoaraiosis morbidity and is correlated with high levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University of China (approval No. KY2016-177) on July 28, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Xin Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongling Municipal Hospital, Tongling, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Jun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bo-Yu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - De-Qin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Qi Yan
- Physical Examination Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Ahmad A, Corban MT, Toya T, Sara JD, Lerman B, Park JY, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease Is Associated With Elevated Serum Homocysteine Levels. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017746. [PMID: 32993421 PMCID: PMC7792413 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of serum homocysteine, via impaired nitric oxide production, and coronary microvascular dysfunction are associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. However, whether serum homocysteine levels and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction (CMED) are linked remains unknown. Methods and Results This study included 1418 patients with chest pain or an abnormal functional stress test and with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (<40% angiographic stenosis), who underwent CMED evaluation with functional angiography and had serum homocysteine levels measured. Patients were classified as having normal microvascular function versus CMED. Patients in the CMED group (n=743; 52%) had higher mean age (52.1±12.2 versus 50.0±12.4 years; P<0.0001), higher body mass index (29.1 [25.0-32.8] versus 27.5 [24.2-32.4]; P=0.001), diabetes mellitus (12.5% versus 9.4%; P=0.03), and fewer women (63.5% versus 68.7%; P=0.04) compared with patients in the normal microvascular function group. However, they had lower rates of smoking history, and mildly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in patients with CMED, and the highest quartile of serum homocysteine level (>9 µmol/L) was an independent predictor of CMED (odds ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.03-1.75]; P=0.03) after adjustment for age; sex; body mass index; chronic kidney disease (CKD); diabetes mellitus; smoking exposure; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides; and aspirin, statin, and B vitamin use. Conclusions Patients with CMED have significantly higher levels of serum homocysteine. Elevated serum homocysteine levels were associated with a significantly increased odds of an invasive diagnosis of CMED. The current study supports a potential role for homocysteine for diagnosis and target treatment in the patients with early coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | | | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Division of CardiologyNational Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | | | - Ben Lerman
- School of MedicineSt. George’s UniversityWest IndiesGrenada
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNowon Eulji Medical CenterEulji UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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Toya T, Sara JD, Lerman B, Ahmad A, Taher R, Godo S, Corban MT, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with impaired peripheral microvascular vasomotor response. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 28:100515. [PMID: 32322661 PMCID: PMC7171522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine > 10 μmol/L is associated with peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction (PMED). Homocysteine > 10 μmol/L was associated with PMED in older, obese, or hypertensive patients. The association of homocysteine and PMED was prominent in patients with B-vitamins. Homocysteine > 10 μmol/L was associated with higher major cardiovascular events in univariate analysis.
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been proposed as an important cardiovascular risk factor (cRF). However, little is known about the association between plasma homocysteine levels and peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction (PMED), which is an integrated index of vascular health. Methods This cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent non-invasive PMED assessment using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). The association between HHcy and PMED, and its impact on MACE (all-cause mortality and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events) was investigated. Results A total of 257 patients were enrolled (HHcy > 10.0 µmol/L, N = 51; lower levels of homocysteine [LHcy] ≤ 10 µmol/L, N = 206). Patients with HHcy were older, predominantly males, and with more comorbidities than patients with LHcy (p < 0.05 for all). RH-PAT index was lower in patients with HHcy versus LHcy (p = 0.01). A significant association between HHcy and PMED was observed in older (≥60 years), obese (≥30 kg/m2), present/past smokers and hypertensive patients. HHcy was significantly associated with PMED even after adjusting for other cRF and B-vitamins supplementation. HHcy was associated with an increased risk of MACE with a hazard ratio of 3.65 (95% CI 1.41–9.48, p = 0.01) and an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.44 (95% CI 0.91–6.51, p = 0.08) after adjustment for age (≥60 years). Conclusion HHcy was independently associated with PMED after adjusting for cRF and B-vitamins supplementation. Thus, the link between homocysteine and MACE could be mediated by endothelial dysfunction, and will require further clarification with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jaskanwal D Sara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ben Lerman
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St George's, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Riad Taher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michel T Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced damage to the endothelial, medial and adventitial layers of the arterial wall. Biochimie 2020; 173:100-106. [PMID: 32105811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein forming amino acid which is the direct metabolic precursor of methionine. Increased concentration of serum Hcy is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature. Serum Hcy is associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension and aneurysms of the aorta in humans, though the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to these conditions remain elusive. Results from clinical trials that successfully lowered serum Hcy without reducing features of vascular disease in cardiovascular patients have cast doubt on whether or not Hcy directly impacts the vasculature. However, studies in animals and in cell culture suggest that Hcy has a vast array of toxic effects on the vasculature, with demonstrated roles in endothelial dysfunction, medial remodeling and adventitial inflammation. It is hypothesized that rather than serum Hcy, tissue-bound Hcy and the incorporation of Hcy into proteins could underlie the toxic effects of Hcy on the vasculature. In this review, we present evidence for Hcy-associated vascular disease in humans, and we critically examine the possible mechanisms by which Hcy specifically impacts the endothelial, medial and adventitial layers of the arterial wall. Deciphering the mechanisms by which Hcy interacts with proteins in the arterial wall will allow for a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia and will help to define a better means of prevention at the appropriate window of life.
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14
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Mutual Influences between Nitric Oxide and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120619. [PMID: 31817387 PMCID: PMC6943684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the best consolidated paradigms in vascular pharmacology is that an uncontrolled excess of oxidizing chemical species causes tissue damage and loss of function in the endothelial and subendothelial layers. The fact that high-density lipoproteins play an important role in preventing such an imbalance is integrated into that concept, for which the expression and activity of paraoxonases is certainly crucial. The term paraoxonase (aryldialkyl phosphatase, EC 3.1.8.1) encompasses at least three distinct isoforms, with a wide variation in substrate affinity, cell and fluid localization, and biased expression of polymorphism. The purpose of this review is to determine the interactions that paraoxonase 1 has with nitric oxide synthase, its reaction product, nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, NO), and its derived reactive species generated in an oxidative medium, with a special focus on its pathological implications.
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15
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Jones P, Lucock M, Scarlett CJ, Veysey M, Beckett EL. Folate and Inflammation – links between folate and features of inflammatory conditions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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16
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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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17
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Woźniakowski MM, Kulak-Janczy E, Korzeniowska S, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1150-1158. [PMID: 30835492 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30%-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with 2 different protein-rich products: bee pollen and whey protein. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups: control, whey-protein-supplemented, and bee-pollen-supplemented. After 8 weeks, rats were decapitated, and proximal parts of thoracic aortas were collected and embedded in paraffin blocks. Histological slides were stained according to standard hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff - Van Gieson staining. Special immunohistochemical stains against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and alpha smooth muscle actin were also prepared. Histological evaluation revealed noticeable changes in all supplemented groups: disturbances in elastic laminae, slight increase in collagen deposition, and significantly lowered nNOS and eNOS expression. The prevalence of small atherosclerotic plaques was the highest in non-running supplemented groups, while in running supplemented groups it resembled the prevalence in control groups. Both running groups had thinner tunica media than control. Both supplements exert visible effects on aortic structure, but the difference between them is far less evident. In some aspects, however, the bee pollen seems to be even slightly more harmful, which may be related to various possible contaminants like mycotoxins or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A Sławiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Woźniakowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Kulak-Janczy
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Korzeniowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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18
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Esse R, Barroso M, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R. The Contribution of Homocysteine Metabolism Disruption to Endothelial Dysfunction: State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E867. [PMID: 30781581 PMCID: PMC6412520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the molecular basis of these associations remains elusive. The impairment of endothelial function, a key initial event in the setting of atherosclerosis and CVD, is recurrently observed in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Various observations may explain the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. For instance, Hcy interferes with the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, Hcy deregulates the signaling pathways associated with another essential endothelial gasotransmitter: hydrogen sulfide. Hcy also mediates the loss of critical endothelial antioxidant systems and increases the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding oxidative stress. ROS disturb lipoprotein metabolism, contributing to the growth of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, excess Hcy maybe be indirectly incorporated into proteins, a process referred to as protein N-homocysteinylation, inducing vascular damage. Lastly, cellular hypomethylation caused by build-up of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) also contributes to the molecular basis of Hcy-induced vascular toxicity, a mechanism that has merited our attention in particular. AdoHcy is the metabolic precursor of Hcy, which accumulates in the setting of HHcy and is a negative regulator of most cell methyltransferases. In this review, we examine the biosynthesis and catabolism of Hcy and critically revise recent findings linking disruption of this metabolism and endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of HHcy on endothelial cell methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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19
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Hu LL, Zhang KQ, Tian T, Zhang H, Fu Q. Probucol improves erectile function via Activation of Nrf2 and coordinates the HO-1 / DDAH / PPAR-γ/ eNOS pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:9-14. [PMID: 30454888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) is mainly attributed to oxidative stress, and Nrf2 plays an important role in cellular antioxidation and regulates NO production in the vascular endothelium. Probucol maintains endothelial function through its antioxidant activity. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of probucol in improving erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS In our study, thirty 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fasted for 12 h. All rats received a 1-time injection of intraperitoneal streptozotocin(60 mg/kg) or vehicle. After 72 h, STZ-treated rats (with random blood glucose concentrations consistently greater than 16.7 mmol/L) were considered diabetic. The diabetic rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups and treated with daily gavage feedings of probucol at doses of 0 and 500 mg/kg for 12 weeks. A positive control group underwent intraperitoneal injection of normal saline followed by daily gavage of saline solution. Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with real-time intracavernous pressure measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA to assess the proteins of Nrf2/HO-1/DDAH/PPAR-γ/eNOS pathways. RESULTS After treatment, the rats in the probucol group presented significantly improved erectile function (P < 0.05) than that of the diabetic group without probucol treatment (DM). Also, protein expression of Nrf2, DDAH, PPAR-γ, HO-1 and eNOS was significantly higher than that of the DM group (P < 0.05). CGMP concentrations and SOD concentrations of probucol-treated rats were higher than those of DM group (P < 0.05). The MDA levels and ADMA levels were significantly lower than those of DM group rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Probucol can improve erectile function via activation of Nrf2, which coordinates the HO-1/DDAH/PPAR-γ/eNOS pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Age-dependent effects of homocysteine and dimethylarginines on cardiovascular mortality in claudicant patients with lower extremity arterial disease. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1453-1462. [PMID: 29946762 PMCID: PMC6267409 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The association among serum homocysteine (HCY), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is of interest in endothelial dysfunction, although the underlying pathology is not fully elucidated. We investigated the relationship of HCY with SDMA and ADMA regarding their long-time outcome and the age dependency of HCY, SDMA, and ADMA values in claudicant patients with lower extremity arterial disease. 120 patients were included in a prospective observational study (observation time 7.96 ± 1.3 years) with cardiovascular mortality as the main outcome parameter. Patients with intermittent claudication prior to their first endovascular procedure were included. HCY, SDMA, and ADMA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cutoff values for HCY (≤/>15 µmol/l), SDMA (≤/>0.75 µmol/l), and ADMA (≤/>0.8 µmol/l) differed significantly regarding cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.017, respectively). Age correlated significantly with HCY (r = 0.393; p < 0.001), SDMA (r = 0.363; p < 0.001), and ADMA (r = 0.210; p = 0.021). HCY and SDMA (r = 0.295; p = 0.001) as well as SDMA and ADMA (r = 0.380; p < 0.001) correlated with each other, while HCY and ADMA did not correlate (r = 0.139; p = 0.130). Patients older than 65 years had higher values of HCY (p < 0.001) and SDMA (p = 0.01), but not of ADMA (p = 0.133). In multivariable linear regression, age was the only significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular death (beta coefficient 0.413; 95% CI 0.007-0.028; p = 0.001). Age correlated significantly with HCY, SDMA, and ADMA. However, only age was an independent predictor for cardiovascular death. Older patients have higher values of HCY and SDMA than younger subjects suggesting age-adjusted cutoff values of HCY and SDMA due to strong age dependency.
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21
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Cui S, Li W, Wang P, Lv X, Gao Y, Huang G. Folic acid inhibits homocysteine-induced cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhu LL, Jiang HS, Chen H, Chen Y, Dai YT. Demethylation treatment restores erectile function in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:763-8. [PMID: 26585696 PMCID: PMC5000801 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.163271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation modification is an important cellular mechanism of gene expression regulation. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) protein is a pivotal molecular for endothelium function. To explore the effects of 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a demethylation agent, in hyperhomocysteinemia (hhcy)-related erectile dysfunction (ED) rats, 5-aza (1 mg kg−1) was administrated to Sprague-Dawley hhcy-rats induced by supplemented methionine chow diet. Erectile function, nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) levels, expression of DDAH-2 protein and promoter methylation status of DDAH-2 were studied in the corpora cavernosa. We found that supplemented methionine diet induced a high homocysteine level after 6 weeks of treatment. DDAH-2 protein was down-regulated in the corpora cavernosa while the administration of 5-aza up-regulated DDAH-2 expression and restored erectile function. The methionine-fed rats showed high methylation levels of DDAH-2 promoter region while the group treated with 5-aza demonstrated lower-methylation levels when compared to the methionine-fed group. Besides, the administration of 5-aza improved NO and cGMP levels in methionine-fed rats. Therefore, the methylation mechanism involves in ED pathogenesis, and demethylation offers a potential new strategy for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Zhu
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - He-Song Jiang
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Tian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Dimitroulas T, Sandoo A, Hodson J, Smith J, Douglas KM, Kitas GD. Associations between asymmetric dimethylarginine, homocysteine, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 45:267-73. [PMID: 26599798 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1086433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to determine whether asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are associated with homocysteine (Hcy) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) gene variants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD Serum ADMA and Hcy levels were measured in 201 RA individuals [155 (77.1%) females, median age 67 years (interquartile range 59-73)]. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was assessed by using the LightCyclerTM System. Initially, ADMA was compared across the categories of MTHFR using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a multivariate model, which accounted for Hcy, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS In univariable analysis, ADMA differed significantly across the categories of MTHFR (p = 0.037). Patients with the MTHFR 677TT genotype had the highest ADMA levels, with a mean of 0.62 (SE = 0.03), significantly higher than either those patients carrying the MTHFR 677CT (0.55, SE = 0.01) or the MTHFR 677CC (0.55, SE = 0.01) genotype (p = 0.042) in both cases. In the multivariable model, Hcy (p = 0.022) and ESR (p < 0.001) were found to have significant positive associations with ADMA but the relationship between MTHFR gene variants and ADMA was found to be non-significant (p = 0.102). CONCLUSIONS Hcy and ADMA are significantly associated in RA. It is plausible that abnormal Hcy metabolism plays an important role in premature atherosclerosis in RA by promoting ADMA accumulation and leading to the derangement of vascular haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dimitroulas
- a Department of Rheumatology , Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital , Dudley , West Midlands , UK
| | - A Sandoo
- a Department of Rheumatology , Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital , Dudley , West Midlands , UK.,b School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences , Bangor University , Bangor , Gwynedd, Wales , UK
| | - J Hodson
- c Wolfson Computer Laboratory , University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham , UK
| | - J Smith
- a Department of Rheumatology , Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital , Dudley , West Midlands , UK
| | - K M Douglas
- a Department of Rheumatology , Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital , Dudley , West Midlands , UK
| | - G D Kitas
- a Department of Rheumatology , Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital , Dudley , West Midlands , UK.,d Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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24
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Givvimani S, Kundu S, Pushpakumar S, Doyle V, Narayanan N, Winchester LJ, Veeranki S, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a missing link to dysfunctional HDL via paraoxanase-1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:755-63. [PMID: 26176406 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxanase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that contributes to the antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic properties of HDL. Lack of PON1 results in dysfunctional HDL. HHcy is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, and instigates vascular dysfunction and ECM remodeling. Although studies have reported HHcy during atherosclerosis, the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that dysfunctional HDL due to lack of PON1 contributes to endothelial impairment and atherogenesis through HHcy-induced ECM re-modeling. To verify this hypothesis, we used C57BL6/J and PON1 knockout mice (KO) and fed them an atherogenic diet. The expression of Akt, ADMA, and DDAH, as well as endothelial gap junction proteins such as Cx-37 and Cx-40 and eNOS was measured for vascular dysfunction and inflammation. We observed that cardiac function was decreased and plasma Hcy levels were increased in PON1 KO mice fed the atherogenic diet compared with the controls. Expression of Akt, eNOS, DDAH, Cx-37, and Cx-40 was decreased, and the expression of MMP-9 and ADMA was increased in PON1 KO mice fed an atherogenic diet compared with the controls. Our results suggest that HHcy plays an intricate role in dysfunctional HDL, owing to the lack of PON1. This contributes to vascular endothelial impairment and atherosclerosis through MMP-9-induced vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Givvimani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Vivian Doyle
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nithya Narayanan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lee J Winchester
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Naira Metreveli
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Verbeke L, Trebicka J, Laleman W. Reply: To PMID 24259407. Hepatology 2014; 60:1799-800. [PMID: 24623183 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Len Verbeke
- Department of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Erectile dysfunction medication induced-changes in plasma levels of homocysteine and antioxidant enzyme activities as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cortés MP, Becerra JP, Vinet R, Alvarez R, Quintana I. Inhibition of ATP-induced calcium influx by homocysteine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:600-7. [PMID: 23427108 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular occlusive diseases remain unclear. Homocysteine (Hcy) may disturb calcium (Ca(2+) ) cytosolic regulation in endothelial cells, a process that can directly affect the synthesis of vasoactive substances, such as nitric oxide (NO). We have investigated the effect of acute and chronic incubation with high concentrations of Hcy (100 and 500 μmol/L) on the changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i ) induced by ATP, using primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The changes in [Ca(2+) ]i , expressed as ΔFt /Fb , were measured using the microspectrofluorimetric technique with Fluo-3 as Ca(2+) indicator. HUVEC acutely exposed to Hcy did not produce significant effects on any of the parameters studied. However, chronic exposition (24 h) caused a significant decrease in the speed of store-mediated Ca(2+) entry, expressed as (ΔFt /Fb )/t (s(-1) ). Exposure of HUVEC to 100 and 500 µmol/L Hcy gave significantly lower values (0.019 ± 0.002 s(-1) , n = 5 and 0.021 ± 0.004 s(-1) , n = 6, respectively) compared to the controls (0.046 ± 0.004 s(-1) , n = 8, P < 0.003). This was detected only when the sustained phase of the ATP-induced [Ca(+2) ]i increase was isolated. These results demonstrate that high concentrations of Hcy can affect the mechanisms involved in [Ca(2+) ]i regulation of HUVEC, and that alteration occurs specifically in the sustained phase, which has been directly associated with NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena P Cortés
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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