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A Study of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison with Type 2 Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112881. [PMID: 36428943 PMCID: PMC9689375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains incompletely understood and increases the risk of developing Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Metabolomics provides insights etiology and pathogenesis of disease and discovery biomarkers for accurate detection. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key platform defining metabolic signatures in intact serum/plasma. In the present study, we used NMR-based analysis of macromolecules free-serum to accurately characterize the altered metabolic pathways of GDM and assessing their similarities to DM2. Our findings could contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and help in the identification of metabolomic markers of the disease. METHODS Sixty-two women with GDM matched with seventy-seven women without GDM (control group). 1H NMR serum spectra were acquired on an 11.7 T Bruker Avance DRX NMR spectrometer. RESULTS We identified 55 metabolites in both groups, 25 of which were significantly altered in the GDM group. GDM group showed elevated levels of ketone bodies, 2-hydroxybutyrate and of some metabolic intermediates of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and significantly lower levels of metabolites of one-carbon metabolism, energy production, purine metabolism, certain amino acids, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, ornithine, 2-aminobutyrate, taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide. CONCLUSION Metabolic pathways affected in GDM were beta-oxidation, ketone bodies metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, arginine and ornithine metabolism likewise in DM2, whereas BCAAs catabolism and aromatic amino acids metabolism were affected, but otherwise than in DM2.
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Nema J, Joshi N, Sundrani D, Joshi S. Influence of maternal one carbon metabolites on placental programming and long term health. Placenta 2022; 125:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kaur L, Puri M, Pal Sachdeva M, Mishra J, Nava Saraswathy K. Maternal one carbon metabolism and interleukin-10 &-17 synergistically influence the mode of delivery in women with Early Onset Pre-Eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 24:79-89. [PMID: 33765603 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on One Carbon Metabolism (OCM), Interleukins-10 &-17 (IL-10/-17) & βhCG in pre-eclampsia and its delivery outcome (preterm birth) reveal contradictory results, attributed to clinical heterogeneity (early/late onset pre-eclampsia) or preterm/term birth. Disturbed OCM also influences IL-10 &-17 during pregnancy. We sought to investigate the synergism between OCM and IL-10/-17 mediated immune-regulation through βhCG in Early onset pre-eclampsia (EO-PE) patients, delivering preterm, among North Indian women. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study with a total of 399 pregnant women (EO-PE delivering preterm = 199; Normotensives delivering at term = 200). Maternal genotypes & biochemical estimations along with fetal genotypes on subset (n = 72) pertaining to OCM and IL-10/-17 regulation were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of 1) maternal plasma levels with EO-PE 2) maternal and fetal genotypes with EO-PE. 3) Effect of Hyper-homocysteinemia (surrogate of disturbed OCM) on differential immune regulation (IL10,-17, βhCG) in EO-PE and mode of delivery. RESULTS Hyper-homocysteinemia posed an increased risk of three folds for EO-PE. Both, folate and B12 deficiencies were associated with elevated homocysteine in EO-PE. Further, MTHFR 677TT homozygotes was present only in EO-PE indicating its detrimental role. However, maternal IL17-197AA genotype showed decreased risk for EO-PE. Furthermore, elevated maternal plasma IL-17 along with elevated IL-10 & βhCG were observed in EO-PE. Taken together, altered homocysteine metabolism was associated with high IL10 in EO-PE; and was more pronounced in spontaneous vaginal deliveries as compared to induced/caesarean section deliveries. CONCLUSIONS We report homocysteine mediated IL-10 &17 dysregulation and its influence on mode of delivery in EO-PE, possibly through initiation of cervical ripening. Further, these could serve potential biomarkers of EO-PE & its delivery outcome among vulnerable populations with similar nutritional & genetic predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovejeet Kaur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Manju Puri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Saini N, Virdee M, Helfrich KK, Kwan STC, Smith SM. Global metabolomic profiling reveals hepatic biosignatures that reflect the unique metabolic needs of late-term mother and fetus. Metabolomics 2021; 17:23. [PMID: 33550560 PMCID: PMC8543356 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational disorders including preeclampsia, growth restriction and diabetes are characterized, in part, by altered metabolic interactions between mother and fetus. Understanding their functional relevance requires metabolic characterization under normotypic conditions. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomics on livers of pregnant, late-term C57Bl/6J mice (N = 9 dams) and their fetuses (pooling 4 fetuses/litter), using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of 730 hepatic metabolites revealed that maternal and fetal metabolite profiles were highly compartmentalized, and were significantly more similar within fetuses (ρaverage = 0.81), or within dams (ρaverage = 0.79), than within each maternal-fetal dyad (ρaverage = - 0.76), suggesting that fetal hepatic metabolism is under distinct and equally tight metabolic control compared with its respective dam. The metabolite profiles were consistent with known differences in maternal-fetal metabolism. The reduced fetal glucose reflected its limited capacity for gluconeogenesis and dependence upon maternal plasma glucose pools. The fetal decreases in essential amino acids and elevations in their alpha-keto acid carnitine conjugates reflects their importance as secondary fuel sources to meet fetal energy demands. Whereas, contrasting elevations in fetal serine, glycine, aspartate, and glutamate reflects their contributions to endogenous nucleotide synthesis and fetal growth. Finally, the elevated maternal hepatic lipids and glycerol were consistent with a catabolic state that spares glucose to meet competing maternal-fetal energy demands. CONCLUSIONS The metabolite profile of the late-term mouse dam and fetus is consistent with prior, non-rodent analyses utilizing plasma and urine. These data position mouse as a suitable model for mechanistic investigation into how maternal-fetal metabolism adapts (or not) to gestational stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Saini
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Manjot Virdee
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Kaylee K Helfrich
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Sze Ting Cecilia Kwan
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102203. [PMID: 33227645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a significant role in growth and development of the placenta and influencing pregnancy outcome. Suboptimal nutritional status during early gestational period compromises the normal course of pregnancy leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for the growth and development of the placenta. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites influence the normal course of pregnancy by regulating cell growth and development, cell signaling, regulate angiogenesis, modulate inflammatory responses and influence various structural and functional processes. Alterations in LC-PUFA and their metabolites may result in inadequate spiral artery remodeling or placental angiogenesis leading to structural and functional deficiency of the placenta which contributes to several pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, and results in adverse birth outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies examining the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in pregnancy. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms through which LC-PUFA influences placental growth and development. Studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the incidence of preterm births, but its effect on reducing pregnancy complications are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Cardenas VM, Ali MM, Fischbach LA, Nembhard WN. Dual use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age neonates. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 52:86-92.e2. [PMID: 32805398 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS We used data from the 2016-2017 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, estimated the risk ratio (RR) for SGA for maternal prenatal cigarette smoking-only use, cigarette smoking, and ENDS use (i.e., dual use), with no prenatal tobacco use as referent, accounting for the complex survey design. We also explored these effects for women who stopped smoking cigarettes during pregnancy among cigarette smokers and dual users. RESULTS Estimated adjusted RR for SGA for cigarette-only users was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 2.7), and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for dual users. These RR estimates increased after correcting for tobacco use misclassification. Women who were dual users (cigarette smokers and ENDS users) and continued using ENDS but stopped smoking cigarettes had an increased risk for SGA compared with nontobacco users, 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5, 6.6). CONCLUSIONS Our results in a population representative sample are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to both maternal cigarette smoking and ENDS use increased the risk of SGA. Dual users still had an elevated risk of SGA after smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Heath, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
| | - Mir Murtuza Ali
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Heath, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Lori Ann Fischbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Heath, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Wendy Nicole Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Heath, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Heath, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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Bulloch RE, Wall CR, Thompson JMD, Taylor RS, Poston L, Roberts CT, Dekker GA, Kenny LC, Simpson NAB, Myers JE, McCowan LME. Folic acid supplementation is associated with size at birth in the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) international prospective cohort study. Early Hum Dev 2020; 147:105058. [PMID: 32531744 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and there are currently few preventive strategies. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal folic acid supplement (FAS) use pre-conception through to the second trimester, and small-for-gestational age (SGA) and birth size parameters. STUDY DESIGN Women were recruited as part of the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) international prospective multi-centre cohort study: New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Information on FAS use pre-conception, during the first trimester and at 15 ± 1 weeks' gestation was collected via interview administered questionnaire. Participants were followed through to delivery. Pregnancy outcome data and birth measurements were collected within 72 h of birth. Multivariable regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between FAS and outcomes, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. SUBJECTS Nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. OUTCOME MEASURES SGA (<10th customised birthweight centile). RESULTS 5606 women were included. SGA prevalence was 11.3%. Pre-conception FAS was associated with a significantly lower risk of SGA: aOR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.67-01.00 p = 0.047). Although the association between FAS at 15 weeks' gestation and SGA did not reach significance, FAS at 15 weeks was associated with a significantly higher customised birthweight centile (β 2.56 (95% CI: 0.87-4.26; p = 0.003). There was no significant effect of FAS on large-for-gestational-age births or head circumference. CONCLUSIONS In this international cohort, FAS was positively associated with fetal growth, without increasing risks associated with LGA. Further studies are required to confirm whether continuing FAS beyond the first trimester might lower the risk of SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodi E Bulloch
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Clare R Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rennae S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Kings College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, L3 5TR Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel A B Simpson
- Division of Women's and Children's Health, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, M13 9PR Manchester, UK
| | - Lesley M E McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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The Effect of Interactions between Folic Acid Supplementation and One Carbon Metabolism Gene Variants on Small-for-Gestational-Age Births in the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061677. [PMID: 32512764 PMCID: PMC7352423 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to investigate gene-nutrient interactions between maternal one-carbon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and folic acid supplement (FAS) use, and their association with SGA. Nulliparous New Zealand women with singleton pregnancy were recruited as part of the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints prospective cohort study. Data on FAS use was collected via face-to-face interview at 15 weeks’ gestation; participants were followed prospectively and birth outcome data collected within 72 h of delivery. Participants were genotyped for MTHFR 677, MTHFR 1298, MTHFD1 1958, MTR 2756, MTRR 66 and TCN2 776 SNPs. Genotype data for at least one SNP was available for 1873 (93%) of eligible participants. Analysis showed a significant SNP-FAS interaction for MTHFR 1298 (p = 0.020), MTHFR 677 (p = 0.019) and TCN2 776 (p = 0.017) in relation to SGA: MTHFR 1298 CC variant non-FAS users had an increased likelihood [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.91 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.52, 5.60] compared with wild-type (MTHFR 1298 AA) FAS users. MTHFR 677 variant allele carrier (MTHFR 677 CT + MTHFR 677 TT) non-FAS users had an increased likelihood [OR = 1.87 (95% CI = 1.21, 2.88)] compared to wild-type (MTHFR 677 CC) FAS users. TCN2 776 variant (TCN2 776 GG) non-FAS users had an increased likelihood [OR = 2.16 (95% CI = 1.26, 3.71)] compared with wild type homozygote + heterozygote (TCN2 776 CC + TCN2 776 CG) FAS users. No significant interactions were observed for MTHFD1 1958, MTR 2756 or MTRR 66 (p > 0.05). We observed an overall pattern of FAS attenuating differences in the likelihood of SGA seen between genotype groups in FAS non-users. Future research should focus on how intake of other one-carbon nutrients might mediate these gene-nutrient interactions.
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Effect of Sows Gestational Methionine/Lysine Ratio on Maternal and Placental Hydrogen Sulfide Production. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020251. [PMID: 32033335 PMCID: PMC7070849 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important second messenger, which has been implicated in regulating placental angiogenesis. Our findings revealed that gestational dietary methionine could affect maternal and placental H2S concentrations. With the increase of dietary methionine, maternal plasma and placental H2S concentrations changed quadratically, which was consistent with placental vascular density and reproductive performance. The decrease in H2S production caused by an increase in dietary methionine was likely to be the cause for the increase in the rate of low birth weight piglets and needs further study. Abstract The placenta is a unique bond between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, and a proper placental angiogenesis is vital for fetal development. H2S is an endogenous stimulator of angiogenesis that is mainly produced by the methionine transsulfurationpathway. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of gestational dietary methionine on maternal and placental H2S production in sows. Multiparous sows (Large×White; third parity; n = 65) were randomly allocated into five groups, with feed diets comprisingstandardized ileal digestible methionine/lysine (Met/Lys) ratios of 0.27 (nutrient requirements of swine (NRC); 2012 level), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47, respectively. The litter size and weight at birth were measured and recorded. Maternal blood samples were obtained at embryonic day (E) E40 d, E90 d, and E114 d of gestation. The placental samples were collected at parturition. The results showed that maternal plasma H2S concentration was not affected at E40 d. However, the maternal plasma H2S concentration changed quadratically with the dietary Met/Lys ratio at E90 d (p < 0.01) and E114 d (p = 0.03). The maximum maternal plasma H2S concentration was at the dietary Met/Lys ratio of 0.37. Meanwhile, maternal plasma H2S concentration was positively correlated with piglets born alive (p < 0.01) and litter weight (p < 0.01). Consistent with the maternal plasma, the placental H2S concentration also changed quadratically with the dietary Met/Lys ratio (p = 0.03); the Met/Lys ratio of 0.37 showed the maximum H2S concentration. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the gestational dietary Met/Lys ratio could affect maternal and placental H2S concentrations, which may be an important molecular mechanism affecting placental angiogenesis and piglet development.
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Celarain N, Tomas-Roig J. Aberrant DNA methylation profile exacerbates inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 31937331 PMCID: PMC6961290 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by incoordination, sensory loss, weakness, changes in bladder capacity and bowel function, fatigue and cognitive impairment, creating a significant socioeconomic burden. The pathogenesis of MS involves both genetic susceptibility and exposure to distinct environmental risk factors. The gene x environment interaction is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a complex system that modifies gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation. This epigenetic mark participates in distinct MS pathophysiological processes, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammatory response, demyelination, remyelination failure and neurodegeneration. In this study, we also accurately summarised a list of environmental factors involved in the MS pathogenesis and its clinical course. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through PubMED and Scopus. In conclusion, an exhaustive study of DNA methylation might contribute towards new pharmacological interventions in MS by use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Celarain
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
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Xia M, Pan Y, Guo L, Wei XX, Xiong J, Wang L, Peng J, Wang C, Peng J, Wei HK. Effect of gestation dietary methionine/lysine ratio on placental angiogenesis and reproductive performance of sows1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3487-3497. [PMID: 31111159 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the effects of different gestation dietary Met/Lys (methionine, Met/lysine) ratios on the production performance of sows. Specifically, it measured the effect of Met on plasma urea and AA concentrations and placental vascular density of pregnant sows. A total of 325 multiparous sows (third parity, Large × White) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (n = 65) with five dietary Met/Lys ratios 0.27 (nutrient requirements of swine [NRC] 2012 level), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47). The litter size and weight at birth were measured and recorded. Blood samples were obtained on days 0, 40, 90, and 114 of gestation, and placenta samples were collected at parturition. The effects of different dietary Met/Lys ratios on the reproductive performance were evaluated based on the prolificacy of sows as either high (≥13 total piglets born) or low (<13 total piglets born). The results showed that dietary Met/Lys ratio had no significant effect on the reproductive performance of lower prolificacy sows (P > 0.05). However, for high-prolificacy sows, litter weight of born alive significantly increased in 0.37 Met/Lys ratios group compared with control group (P < 0.05). The gestation dietary Met/Lys ratio showed significant quadratic effects on the litter birth weight and percentage of piglets born with weight <0.9 kg (P < 0.05), and the Met/Lys ratios to achieve the best reproductive performance determined to be 0.37. Furthermore, plasma urea concentrations of sows also changed with Met/Lys ratios quadratically (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary Met/Lys ratios elevated the concentration of most plasma AA. Although the dietary Met/Lys ratio had no significant effect on the placental vascular density (P > 0.05), the gestation dietary Met/Lys ratio showed significant quadratic effects on the placental vascular density (P < 0.05). In addition, the birth weight of piglets of high-prolificacy sows was positively correlated with the placental vascular density (P < 0.01). Taken as a whole, the dietary Met/Lys ratio showed a quadratic curve relation with birth weight performance and placental angiogenesis performance, to which 0.37 ratio contributed to the best performance of high-prolificacy sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ye Pan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liangliang Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaowei X Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - H K Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Singh C, Hoppe G, Tran V, McCollum L, Bolok Y, Song W, Sharma A, Brunengraber H, Sears JE. Serine and 1-carbon metabolism are required for HIF-mediated protection against retinopathy of prematurity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129398. [PMID: 31341109 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined which metabolic pathways are activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-mediated (HIF-1-mediated) protection against oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in newborn mice, the experimental correlate to retinopathy of prematurity, a leading cause of infant blindness. HIF-1 coordinates the change from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism and mediates flux through serine and 1-carbon metabolism (1CM) in hypoxic and cancer cells. We used untargeted metabolite profiling in vivo to demonstrate that hypoxia mimesis activates serine/1CM. Both [13C6] glucose labeling of metabolites in ex vivo retinal explants as well as in vivo [13C3] serine labeling of metabolites followed in liver lysates strongly suggest that retinal serine is primarily derived from hepatic glycolytic carbon and not from retinal glycolytic carbon in newborn pups. In HIF-1α2lox/2lox albumin-Cre-knockout mice, reduced or near-0 levels of serine/glycine further demonstrate the hepatic origin of retinal serine. Furthermore, inhibition of 1CM by methotrexate blocked HIF-mediated protection against OIR. This demonstrated that 1CM participates in protection induced by HIF-1 stabilization. The urea cycle also dominated pathway enrichment analyses of plasma samples. The dependence of retinal serine on hepatic HIF-1 and the upregulation of the urea cycle emphasize the importance of the liver to remote protection of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Hoppe
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent Tran
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah McCollum
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Youstina Bolok
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weilin Song
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan E Sears
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Nandi AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio through alterations in the one-carbon cycle in Wistar rats. Biofactors 2019; 45:548-555. [PMID: 30985971 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency can influence long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism through alterations in the one-carbon cycle. Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were given either a control (1,000 IU D3/kg diet) or a vitamin D deficient (VDD) (0 IU D3/kg diet) diet from pre-pregnancy to delivery. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant female rats were delivered by C-section to collect placenta and blood. VDD group demonstrated high serum parathyroid hormone, low serum phosphate, low plasma folate, higher plasma homocysteine, and higher plasma malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05 for all) as compared to control. Lower protein levels of placental cystathionine-β-synthase enzyme (P < 0.05) were observed in the VDD group as compared to control. VDD group demonstrated higher placental mRNA levels of the enzymes phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.05 for both) as compared to control. Protein levels of the enzymes phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 were lower (P < 0.05 for both) in the VDD group as compared to the control group. The ratio of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α in serum was higher (P < 0.05) in the VDD group as compared to control; although the serum levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 were similar in both the groups. Our findings suggest that increased oxidative stress due to maternal vitamin D deficiency results in the imbalance between the vasoconstrictor (thromboxane B2 ) and vasodilator (6-keto prostaglandin F1α ) eicosanoids, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and poor pregnancy outcome. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):548-555, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita A Nandi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
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Bahado-Singh RO, Yilmaz A, Bisgin H, Turkoglu O, Kumar P, Sherman E, Mrazik A, Odibo A, Graham SF. Artificial intelligence and the analysis of multi-platform metabolomics data for the detection of intrauterine growth restriction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214121. [PMID: 30998683 PMCID: PMC6472728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To interrogate the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to multi-platform i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomic analysis for the prediction of IUGR. MATERIALS AND METHODS MS and NMR based metabolomic analysis were performed on cord blood serum from 40 IUGR (birth weight < 10th percentile) cases and 40 controls. Three variable selection algorithms namely: Correlation-based feature selection (CFS), Partial least squares regression (PLS) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) were tested for their diagnostic performance. For each selected set of metabolites and the panel consists of metabolites common in three selection algorithms so-called overlapping set (OL), support vector machine (SVM) models were developed for which parameter selection was performed busing 10-fold cross validations. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity values were calculated for IUGR diagnosis. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was performed to identify which metabolic pathways were perturbed as a direct result of IUGR in cord blood serum. RESULTS All selected metabolites and their overlapping set achieved statistically significant accuracies in the range of 0.78-0.82 for their optimized SVM models. The model utilizing all metabolites in the dataset had an AUC = 0.91 with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity equal to 0.80. CFS and OL (Creatinine, C2, C4, lysoPC.a.C16.1, lysoPC.a.C20.3, lysoPC.a.C28.1, PC.aa.C24.0) showed the highest performance with sensitivity (0.87) and specificity (0.87), respectively. MSEA revealed significantly altered metabolic pathways in IUGR cases. Dysregulated pathways include: beta oxidation of very long fatty acids, oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, phospholipid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, urea cycle and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION A systematically selected panel of metabolites was shown to accurately detect IUGR in newborn cord blood serum. Significant disturbance of hepatic function and energy generating pathways were found in IUGR cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Oliver Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - Halil Bisgin
- Department of Computer Science, Engineering and Physics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, United States of America
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - Eric Sherman
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mrazik
- Department of Computer Science, Engineering and Physics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, United States of America
| | - Anthony Odibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States of America
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Knight AK, Park HJ, Hausman DB, Fleming JM, Bland VL, Rosa G, Kennedy EM, Caudill MA, Malysheva O, Kauwell GPA, Sokolow A, Fisher S, Smith AK, Bailey LB. Association between one-carbon metabolism indices and DNA methylation status in maternal and cord blood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16873. [PMID: 30442960 PMCID: PMC6237996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is essential for multiple cellular processes and can be assessed by the concentration of folate metabolites in the blood. One-carbon metabolites serve as methyl donors that are required for epigenetic regulation. Deficiencies in these metabolites are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes, including adverse pregnancy complications. DNA methylation is known to vary with one-carbon metabolite concentration, and therefore may modulate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study addresses changes in one-carbon indices over pregnancy and the relationship between maternal and child DNA methylation and metabolite concentrations by leveraging data from 24 mother-infant dyads. Five of the 13 metabolites measured from maternal blood and methylation levels of 993 CpG sites changed over the course of pregnancy. In dyads, maternal and fetal one-carbon concentrations were highly correlated, both early in pregnancy and at delivery. The 993 CpG sites whose methylation levels changed over pregnancy in maternal blood were also investigated for associations with metabolite concentrations in infant blood at delivery, where five CpG sites were associated with the concentration of at least one metabolite. Identification of CpG sites that change over pregnancy may result in better characterization of genes and pathways involved in maintaining a healthy, term pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Fleming
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gisselle Rosa
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gail P A Kauwell
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Sokolow
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan Fisher
- Piedmont Athens Regional Midwifery, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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16
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Dorokhov YL, Sheshukova EV, Bialik TE, Komarova TV. Human Endogenous Formaldehyde as an Anticancer Metabolite: Its Oxidation Downregulation May Be a Means of Improving Therapy. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800136. [PMID: 30370669 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells are characterized by an increased content of endogenous formaldehyde formed as a by-product of biosynthetic processes. Accumulation of formaldehyde in cancer cells is combined with activation of the processes of cellular formaldehyde clearance. These mechanisms include increased ALDH and suppressed ADH5/FDH activity, which oncologists consider poor and favorable prognostic markers, respectively. Here, the sources and regulation of formaldehyde metabolism in cancer cells are reviewed. The authors also analyze the participation of oncoproteins such as fibulins, FGFR1, HER2/neu, FBI-1, and MUC1-C in the control of genes related to formaldehyde metabolism, suggesting the existence of two mutually exclusive processes in cancer cells: 1) production and 2) oxidation and elimination of formaldehyde from the cell. The authors hypothesize that the study of the anticancer properties of disulfiram and alpha lipoic acid - which affect the balance of formaldehyde in the body - may serve as the basis of future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana E Bialik
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Chen L, Miao Y, Liu M, Zeng Y, Gao Z, Peng D, Hu B, Li X, Zheng Y, Xue Y, Zuo Z, Xie Y, Ren J. Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals the Functional Importance of Protein Lysine Modification in Cancer Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:254. [PMID: 30065750 PMCID: PMC6056651 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale tumor genome sequencing projects have revealed a complex landscape of genomic mutations in multiple cancer types. A major goal of these projects is to characterize somatic mutations and discover cancer drivers, thereby providing important clues to uncover diagnostic or therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. However, distinguishing only a few somatic mutations from the majority of passenger mutations is still a major challenge facing the biological community. Fortunately, combining other functional features with mutations to predict cancer driver genes is an effective approach to solve the above problem. Protein lysine modifications are an important functional feature that regulates the development of cancer. Therefore, in this work, we have systematically analyzed somatic mutations on seven protein lysine modifications and identified several important drivers that are responsible for tumorigenesis. From published literature, we first collected more than 100,000 lysine modification sites for analysis. Another 1 million non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were then downloaded from TCGA and mapped to our collected lysine modification sites. To identify driver proteins that significantly altered lysine modifications, we further developed a hierarchical Bayesian model and applied the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for testing. Strikingly, the coding sequences of 473 proteins were found to carry a higher mutation rate in lysine modification sites compared to other background regions. Hypergeometric tests also revealed that these gene products were enriched in known cancer drivers. Functional analysis suggested that mutations within the lysine modification regions possessed higher evolutionary conservation and deleteriousness. Furthermore, pathway enrichment showed that mutations on lysine modification sites mainly affected cancer related processes, such as cell cycle and RNA transport. Moreover, clinical studies also suggested that the driver proteins were significantly associated with patient survival, implying an opportunity to use lysine modifications as molecular markers in cancer diagnosis or treatment. By searching within protein-protein interaction networks using a random walk with restart (RWR) algorithm, we further identified a series of potential treatment agents and therapeutic targets for cancer related to lysine modifications. Collectively, this study reveals the functional importance of lysine modifications in cancer development and may benefit the discovery of novel mechanisms for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengni Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bosu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Chen B, Sun L, Zhang X. Integration of microbiome and epigenome to decipher the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Khot VV, Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Kaur L, Sundrani DP, Chavan-Gautam PM, Mehendale SS, Chandak GR, Joshi SR. Hypermethylated CpG sites in the MTR gene promoter in preterm placenta. Epigenomics 2017; 9:985-996. [PMID: 28617183 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Altered maternal one-carbon metabolism influences placental DNA methylation patterns and 'programs' the fetus for noncommunicable diseases in adult life. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Levels of plasma folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, mRNA and protein levels of MTHFR and MTR enzymes in placenta were compared among women delivering preterm (n = 83) and term (n = 75). MTR promoter CpG methylation was undertaken. RESULTS MTHFR and MTR mRNA levels were higher while protein levels were lower, and MTR CpG sites were hypermethylated in the preterm group, as compared with the term group. Methylated CpG sites were negatively associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 levels. CONCLUSION Study suggests a dysregulation of enzyme genes in remethylation arm of the one-carbon metabolism in placenta of women delivering preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita V Khot
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti M Chavan-Gautam
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita S Mehendale
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bharati Medical College & Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
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Kalhan SC. One carbon metabolism in pregnancy: Impact on maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 435:48-60. [PMID: 27267668 PMCID: PMC5014566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One carbon metabolism or methyl transfer, a crucial component of metabolism in all cells and tissues, supports the critical function of synthesis of purines, thymidylate and methylation via multiple methyl transferases driven by the ubiquitous methyl donor s-adenosylmethionine. Serine is the primary methyl donor to the one carbon pool. Intracellular folates and methionine metabolism are the critical components of one carbon transfer. Methionine metabolism requires vitamin B12, B6 as cofactors and is modulated by endocrine signals and is responsive to nutrient intake. Perturbations in one carbon transfer can have profound effects on cell proliferation, growth and function. Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental model have established a strong relationship between impaired fetal growth and the immediate and long term consequences to the health of the offspring. It is speculated that during development, maternal environmental and nutrient influences by their effects on one carbon transfer can impact the health of the mother, impair growth and reprogram metabolism of the fetus, and cause long term morbidity in the offspring. The potential for such effects is underscored by the unique responses in methionine metabolism in the human mother during pregnancy, the absence of transsulfuration activity in the fetus, ontogeny of methionine metabolism in the placenta and the unique metabolism of serine and glycine in the fetus. Dietary protein restriction in animals and marginal protein intake in humans causes characteristic changes in one carbon metabolism. The impact of perturbations in one carbon metabolism on the health of the mother during pregnancy, on fetal growth and the neonate are discussed and their possible mechanism explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish C Kalhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, NE-40, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Av, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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21
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The Gut Microbiota and their Metabolites: Potential Implications for the Host Epigenome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 902:33-44. [PMID: 27161349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a metabolically active biomass of up to 2 kg in adult humans. Microbiota-derived molecules significantly contribute to the host metabolism. Large amounts of bacterial metabolites are taken up by the host and are subsequently utilized by the human body. For instance, short chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota are a major energy source of humans.It is widely accepted that microbiota-derived metabolites are used as fuel for beta-oxidation (short chain fatty acids) and participate in many metabolic processes (vitamins, such as folic acid). Apart from these direct metabolic effects, it also becomes more and more evident that these metabolites can interact with the mammalian epigenetic machinery. By interacting with histones and DNA they may be able to manipulate the host's chromatin state and functionality and hence its physiology and health.In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge on possible interactions of different bacterial metabolites with the mammalian epigenetic machinery, mostly based on in vitro data. We discuss the putative impact on chromatin marks, for example histone modifications and DNA methylation. Subsequently, we speculate about possible beneficial and adverse consequences for the epigenome, the physiology and health of the host, as well as plausible future applications of this knowledge for in vivo translation to support personal health.
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22
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Albertini RJ, Kaden DA. Do chromosome changes in blood cells implicate formaldehyde as a leukemogen? Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 47:145-184. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1211987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Khot V, Chavan-Gautam P, Joshi S. Proposing interactions between maternal phospholipids and the one carbon cycle: A novel mechanism influencing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in the offspring in later life. Life Sci 2015; 129:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yajnik CS. Transmission of obesity-adiposity and related disorders from the mother to the baby. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64 Suppl 1:8-17. [PMID: 25059801 DOI: 10.1159/000362608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conventional aetiological model of obesity and diabetes proposes a genetic predisposition and a precipitation by an unhealthy adult lifestyle. This hypothesis was challenged by David Barker who proposed that the intrauterine environment influences the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The original idea was based on fetal undernutrition because lower birth weight was associated with a higher risk of diabetes and heart disease. However, soon it was clear that the association was U shaped, and that the increased risk in large babies was driven by maternal obesity and diabetes. A number of human and animal studies have refined our ideas of 'fetal programming', which is now thought to be related to acquired chemical changes in DNA (methylation), histones (acetylation and other) and the role of non-coding miRNAs. Maternal nutritional disturbances are the major programming stimulus, in addition to a deranged metabolism, infections, maternal stress, extreme atmospheric temperature, etc. The first demonstration of a link between fetal 'starvation' and future ill-health was in the Dutch Hunger Winter studies. In the prospective Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, we found that small and thin Indian babies were more adipose compared to larger English babies, and their higher risk of future diabetes was reflected in higher insulin and leptin and lower adiponectin concentrations in the cord blood. This phenotype was partly related to a deranged 1-carbon metabolism due to an imbalance in vitamin B12 (low) and folate (high) nutrition, which was also related to insulin resistance in the offspring. Maternal obesity and diabetes have made an increasing contribution to childhood obesity and diabetes at a young age. This was prominently shown in Pima Indians but is now obvious in all other populations. The best window of opportunity to prevent fetal programming of NCDs is in the periconceptional period. This is the period when gametogenesis, fertilisation, implantation, embryogenesis and placentation occur. Improving the nutrition and the health of young girls could make a substantial contribution to reducing the rapidly rising epidemic of NCDs in the world. This is referred to as 'primordial' prevention.
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Glycine is a nutritionally essential amino acid for maximal growth of milk-fed young pigs. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2037-45. [PMID: 24858859 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of amino acids in milk protein reveals a relatively low content of glycine. This study was conducted with young pigs to test the hypothesis that milk-fed neonates require dietary glycine supplementation for maximal growth. Fourteen-day-old piglets were allotted randomly into one of four treatments (15 piglets/treatment), representing supplementation with 0, 0.5, 1 or 2% glycine (dry matter basis) to a liquid milk replacer. Food was provided to piglets every 8 h (3 times/day) for 2 weeks. Milk intake (32.0-32.5 g dry matter/kg body weight per day) did not differ between control and glycine-supplemented piglets. Compared with control piglets, dietary supplementation with 0.5, 1 and 2% glycine increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of glycine and serine, daily weight gain, and body weight without affecting body composition, while reducing plasma concentrations of ammonia, urea, and glutamine, in a dose-dependent manner. Dietary supplementation with 0.5, 1 and 2% glycine enhanced (P < 0.05) small-intestinal villus height, glycine transport (measured using Ussing chambers), mRNA levels for GLYT1, and anti-oxidative capacity (indicated by increased concentrations of reduced glutathione and a decreased ratio of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione). These novel results indicate, for the first time, that glycine is a nutritionally essential amino acid for maximal protein accretion in milk-fed piglets. The findings not only enhance understanding of protein nutrition, but also have important implications for designing improved formulas to feed human infants, particularly low birth weight and preterm infants.
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