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Suh DI, Johnston SL. The Wiser Strategy of Using Beta-Agonists in Asthma: Mechanisms and Rationales. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:217-234. [PMID: 38910281 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the safety of beta-2 agonists have led to revisions of the major asthma guidelines to better address these issues. Although these updates allow for a combination of previous and current strategies, they may confuse clinical practitioners. Beta-2 agonists are vital for alleviating asthma symptoms by relaxing smooth muscles; however, they also pose significant risks by inducing pro-inflammatory mediators both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the risks of overuse and symptom masking, the use of beta-agonists alone at therapeutic doses can worsen airway inflammation and enhance virus-induced inflammation during asthma exacerbation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can effectively prevent these adverse effects. With new insights into the mechanisms of these adverse events, reserving short-acting beta-agonists for acute symptom relief during exacerbations and only for those who are already on ICS or oral steroids represents a careful approach to using beta-agonists with least adverse effects in patients with asthma. However, a major drawback of this approach is the potential non-compliance with ICS, leading to beta-agonist use without the necessary counteraction by ICS. An optimal strategy, both during and outside exacerbations, would integrate beta-agonists into an anti-inflammatory regimen that includes ICS, ideally combined with the same inhaler to ensure their concurrent use where finances allow. This would maintain the beneficial effects of beta-agonists, such as bronchodilation, while preventing the adverse effects from the induction of inflammatory mediators. This method is aligned with diverse clinical settings, maximizes the safe use of beta-agonists, and supports a comprehensive guideline-compliant management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Conciliatory Anti-Allergic Decoction Attenuates Pyroptosis in RSV-Infected Asthmatic Mice and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced 16HBE Cells by Inhibiting TLR3/NLRP3/NF-κB/IRF3 Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1800401. [PMID: 36213326 PMCID: PMC9537000 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1800401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can deteriorate asthma by inducing persistent airway inflammation. Increasing evidence elucidated that pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in asthma. Conciliatory anti-allergic decoction (CAD) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma; however, the effects and mechanisms of CAD in RSV-infected asthmatic mice have not yet been elucidated. The RSV-infected asthmatic mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 16HBE cell pyroptosis model were established, respectively. Pulmonary function, ELISA, and histopathologic analysis were performed to assess the airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with CAD treatment. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was conducted to identify the chemical compounds of high-dose CAD (30 g/kg). Cell viability and apoptosis of 16HBE cells were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Finally, the expression levels of apoptosis-, pyroptosis-, and TLR3/NLRP3/NF-κB/IRF3 signaling-related genes were measured with qRT-PCR or western blotting, respectively. Pulmonary function tests showed that CAD significantly ameliorated respiratory dysfunction, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation cell recruitment in BALF, pulmonary inflammation, collagen deposition, and cell death in lung tissues. CAD significantly decreased the content of TNF-α, IL-13, IL-4, IL-1β and IL-5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), IL-17, IL-6, and OVA-specific IgE in serum and increased serum IFN-γ in asthma mice. The results of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS showed that high-dose CAD had 88 kinds of chemical components. In vitro, CAD-contained serum significantly suppressed LPS-induced 16HBE cell apoptosis. Additionally, CAD and CAD-contained serum attenuated the up-regulated expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-18, IL-1β, TLR3, p-P65, p-IκBα, and IRF3 but increased Bcl-1 and GSDMD levels in the asthma mice and LPS-induced 16HBE cells, respectively. These results illustrated that CAD may have a potential role in improving airway inflammation and pyroptosis through inhibition of the TLR3/NLRP3/NF-κB/IRF3 signaling pathway.
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Sada M, Watanabe M, Inui T, Nakamoto K, Hirata A, Nakamura M, Honda K, Saraya T, Kurai D, Kimura H, Ishii H, Takizawa H. Ruxolitinib inhibits poly(I:C) and type 2 cytokines-induced CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells: A potential therapeutic agent for severe eosinophilic asthma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:363-373. [PMID: 33534941 PMCID: PMC8127547 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Severe eosinophilic asthma is characterized by airway eosinophilia and corticosteroid‐resistance, commonly overlapping with type 2 inflammation. It has been reported that chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) is involved in the exacerbation of asthma by RNA virus infections. Indeed, treatment with a virus‐associated ligand and a T helper type 2 cell (Th2) cytokine can synergistically stimulate CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells. We aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying CCL5 production in this in vitro model and to assess the potential of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) as a novel therapeutic target via the use of ruxolitinib. Methods We stimulated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and BEAS‐2B cells with poly(I:C) along with interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) or IL‐4, and assessed CCL5 production. We also evaluated the signals involved in virus‐ and Th2‐cytokine‐induced CCL5 production and explored a therapeutic agent that attenuates the CCL5 production. Results Poly(I:C) stimulated NHBE and BEAS‐2B cells to produce CCL5. Poly(I:C) and IL‐13 increased CCL5 production. Poly(I:C)‐induced CCL5 production occurred via the TLR3–IRF3 and IFNAR/JAK1–phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways, but not the IFNAR/JAK1–STATs pathway. In addition, IL‐13 did not augment poly(I:C)‐induced CCL5 production via the canonical IL‐13R/IL‐4R/JAK1–STAT6 pathway but likely via subsequent TLR3‐IRF3‐IFNAR/JAK1‐PI3K pathways. JAK1 was identified to be a potential therapeutic target for severe eosinophilic asthma. The JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was demonstrated to more effectively decrease CCL5 production in BEAS‐2B cells than fluticasone propionate. Conclusion We have demonstrated that JAK1 is a possible therapeutic target for severe corticosteroid‐resistant asthma with airway eosinophilia and persistent Th2‐type inflammation, and that ruxolitinib has potential as an alternative pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Nakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masuo Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Honda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations: SIRT1 Targeted Approach. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082623. [PMID: 32823491 PMCID: PMC7464235 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has increased worldwide. Asthma exacerbations triggered by upper respiratory tract viral infections remain a major clinical problem and account for hospital admissions and time lost from work. Virus-induced asthma exacerbations cause airway inflammation, resulting in worsening asthma and deterioration in the patients’ quality of life, which may require systemic corticosteroid therapy. Despite recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthma exacerbations, current therapeutic modalities are inadequate for complete prevention and treatment of these episodes. The pathological role of cellular senescence, especially that involving the silent information regulator 2 homolog sirtuin (SIRT) protein family, has recently been demonstrated in stable and exacerbated chronic respiratory disease states. This review discusses the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. It also discusses the role of SIRT1 in inflammatory cells that play an important role in virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Recent studies have hypothesized that SIRT1 is one of major contributors to cellular senescence. SIRT1 levels decrease in Th2 and non-Th2-related airway inflammation, indicating the role of SIRT1 in several endotypes and phenotypes of asthma. Moreover, several models have demonstrated relationships between viral infection and SIRT1. Therefore, targeting SIRT1 is a novel strategy that may be effective for treating virus-induced asthma exacerbations in the future.
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Homma T, Fukuda Y, Uchida Y, Uno T, Jinno M, Kishino Y, Yamamoto M, Sato H, Akimoto K, Kaneko K, Fujiwara A, Sato H, Hirai K, Miyata Y, Inoue H, Ohta S, Watanabe Y, Kusumoto S, Ando K, Suzuki S, Yamaoka T, Tanaka A, Ohmori T, Sagara H. Inhibition of Virus-Induced Cytokine Production from Airway Epithelial Cells by the Late Addition of Budesonide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030098. [PMID: 32120846 PMCID: PMC7143102 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Viral infection is the main cause of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) exacerbation and accumulate inflammatory cells to airway tissue. We have reported poly I:C, a mimic product of the virus and ligand of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), induced inflammatory chemokines from airway epithelial cells and found prior incubation with corticosteroids diminishes the effect of TLR3 activation. In clinical practice, mild asthma is recommended as-needed budesonide (BUD) when symptoms occur following a viral infection, etc. However, many questions still surround BUD’s usefulness if taken after a virus has already infected airway tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of BUD on inflammatory cytokines induced by viral infection. Materials and Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with poly I:C or infected with human rhinovirus-16 (HRV16) and BUD was added after the initial stimulation. Expression of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26/eotaxin-3 was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Knockdown study was performed. Results: Pre-or post-incubation with BUD inhibited both poly I:C- and HRV16-induced mRNAs and proteins of both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL26 with significance. Knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor diminished these effects of BUD. Under the same conditions of BUD’s experiment, post-incubation with neither fluticasone propionate nor dexamethasone suppressed expression of both TSLP and CCL26, which induced by poly I:C. Conclusion: Post-addition of BUD inhibited the virus-induced TSLP and CCL26 from the airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that inhalation of BUD after viral infection has beneficial effects on asthma. Conclusion: Late addition of BUD may benefit among patient with viral infection and type 2 allergic airway disease such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Homma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8532; Fax: +81-3-3784-8742
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Tan KS, Lim RL, Liu J, Ong HH, Tan VJ, Lim HF, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Chow VT, Wang DY. Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32161756 PMCID: PMC7052386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Liyu Lim
- Infectious Disease Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Jiayi Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A, Porter JD, Toussaint M, Walton RP, Finney LJ, Aniscenko J, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Calderazzo MA, Grainge C, Loo SL, Veerati PC, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid AT, James PL, Solari R, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Edwards MR, Mallia P, Bartlett NW, Johnston SL. Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2229. [PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1-/-) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jason L Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Yee Man Ching
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrea Marcellini
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James D Porter
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Toussaint
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lydia J Finney
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria Adelaide Calderazzo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chris Grainge
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Phillip L James
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Roberto Solari
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O Cookson
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Matsukura S, Osakabe Y, Sekiguchi A, Inoue D, Kakiuchi Y, Funaki T, Yamazaki Y, Takayasu H, Tateno H, Kato E, Wakabayashi A, Hayashi M, Ishii G, Yamaguchi F, Tsuchiya Y, Kasahara K, Sagara H, Kokubu F. Overexpression of microRNA-155 suppresses chemokine expression induced by Interleukin-13 in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Allergol Int 2016; 65 Suppl:S17-23. [PMID: 27497617 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are non-coding small RNAs that regulate expression of target genes by binding to 3' untranslated regions. In this study, we used bronchial epithelial cells to investigate in vitro the role of the microRNA miR-155 in the expression of chemokines associated with airway inflammation. miR-155 has previously been reported to regulate allergic inflammation. METHODS BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured and transfected with mimic or inhibitor oligonucleotides to overexpress or downregulate miR-155, as confirmed by real-time PCR. Cells were then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-13 (IL-13), and a double stranded RNA that binds Toll-like receptor 3. Expression and secretion of the chemokines CCL5, CCL11, CCL26, CXCL8, and CXCL10 were then quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a target of the IL-13 receptor, was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS miR-155 overexpression significantly suppressed IL-13-induced secretion of CCL11 and CCL26. These effects were specific, and were not observed for other chemokines, nor in cells with downregulated miR-155. miR-155 overexpression also suppressed CCL11 and CCL26 mRNA, but did not affect expression of the IL-13 receptor or phosphorylation of STAT6. CONCLUSIONS miR-155 specifically inhibits IL-13-induced expression of eosinophilic chemokines CCL11 and CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells, even though the 3'-untranslated region of these genes do not contain a consensus binding site for miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsukura
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yuki Osakabe
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kakiuchi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Funaki
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamazaki
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takayasu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tateno
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kato
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aya Wakabayashi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan; Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsuchiya
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keita Kasahara
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Kokubu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Promoter Assay Using Luciferase Reporter Gene in the A549 Cell Line. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1434:199-211. [PMID: 27300540 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3652-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of reporters systems has simplified the study of promoter activity in different areas of knowledge, and represents an easy and fast approach to study genetic variations. In this chapter, we show a transfection protocol of A549 lung epithelial cells with a reporter vector, using the Luciferase-Renilla dual system for studying the variations caused by several polymorphisms in the promoter region of a gene.
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Homma T, Kato A, Sakashita M, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Schleimer RP. Involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in epithelial expression of airway remodeling factors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 52:471-81. [PMID: 25180535 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0240oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonization and infection is common, and may promote allergic or inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic rhinosinusitis by interacting with airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells not only comprise a physical barrier, but also play key roles in immune, inflammatory, repair, and remodeling responses upon encounters with pathogens. To elucidate the impact of SA on epithelial-mediated remodeling of allergic airways, we tested the hypothesis that SA can enhance the remodeling process. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with heat-killed SA (HKSA) or transforming growth factor (TGF) α. Cell extracts were collected to measure mRNA (real-time RT-PCR) and signaling molecules (Western blot); supernatants were collected to measure protein (ELISA) after 24 hours of stimulation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling inhibition experiments were performed using a specific EGFR kinase inhibitor (AG1478) and TGF-α was blocked with an anti-TGF-α antibody. HKSA induced both mRNA and protein for TGF-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 from NHBE cells by a Toll-like receptor 2-dependent mechanism. Recombinant human TGF-α also induced mRNA and protein for MMP-1 from NHBE cells; anti-TGF-α antibody inhibited HKSA-induced MMP-1, suggesting that endogenous TGF-α mediates the MMP-1 induction by HKSA. HKSA-induced MMP-1 expression was suppressed when a specific EGFR kinase inhibitor was added, suggesting that EGFR signaling was mediating the HKSA-induced MMP-1 release. Exposure or colonization by SA in the airway may enhance the remodeling of tissue through a TGF-α-dependent induction of MMP-1 expression, and may thereby promote remodeling in airway diseases in which SA is implicated, such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Homma
- 1 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Costa LD, Costa PS, Camargos PA. Exacerbation of asthma and airway infection: is the virus the villain? JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [PMCID: PMC7185549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Rever a literatura disponível sobre a relação entre infecção viral aguda do trato respiratório e o desencadeamento de exacerbações da asma, identificando os vírus mais prevalentes, os métodos de detecção, bem como os aspectos preventivos e terapêuticos. Fonte dos dados Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs utilizando os descritores: asma, exacerbação, vírus, criança e infecção respiratória aguda, entre os anos de 2002 e 2013. Síntese dos dados Foram selecionados 42 artigos originais que tratavam da identificação de vírus respiratórios durante episódios de exacerbação da asma, em sua maioria estudos transversais. Houve ampla variação na metodologia dos trabalhos avaliados, principalmente em relação à idade das crianças e métodos de coleta e detecção viral. Os resultados apontam que, em até 92,2% das exacerbações, um agente viral foi potencialmente o principal fator desencadeante, sendo o rinovírus humano o mais identificado. O padrão de circulação viral pode ter sido responsável pela sazonalidade das exacerbações. A associação entre infecção viral e inflamação alérgica parece ser determinante para levar ao descontrole clínico‐funcional da asma, porém poucos estudos avaliaram outros fatores desencadeantes em associação com a infecção viral. Conclusões Os vírus respiratórios estão presentes na maioria das crianças asmáticas durante os episódios de exacerbação. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos ainda não estão totalmente estabelecidos e o sinergismo entre a inflamação alérgica e infecção viral parece determinar o descontrole da doença. O papel dos outros agentes desencadeantes e protetores não estão claramente determinados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusmaia D.C. Costa
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- Autor para correspondência.
| | - Paulo Sucasas Costa
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Paulo A.M. Camargos
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Costa LDC, Costa PS, Camargos PAM. Exacerbation of asthma and airway infection: is the virus the villain? J Pediatr (Rio J) 2014; 90:542-55. [PMID: 25261603 PMCID: PMC7094671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the available literature on the association between acute viral respiratory tract infection and the onset of asthma exacerbations, identifying the most prevalent viruses, detection methods, as well as preventive and therapeutic aspects. SOURCES A search was conducted in PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases, between the years 2002 and 2013, using the following descriptors: asthma exacerbation, virus, child, and acute respiratory infection. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS A total of 42 original articles addressing the identification of respiratory viruses during episodes of asthma exacerbation were selected, mostly cross-sectional studies. There was a wide variation in the methodology of the assessed studies, particularly in relation to the children's age and methods of collection and viral detection. The results indicate that, in up to 92.2% of exacerbations, a viral agent was potentially the main triggering factor, and human rhinovirus was the most frequently identified factor. The pattern of viral circulation may have been responsible for the seasonality of exacerbations. The association between viral infections and allergic inflammation appears to be crucial for the clinical and functional uncontrolled asthma, but few studies have evaluated other triggering factors in association with viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory viruses are present in the majority of asthmatic children during episodes of exacerbation. The involved physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be fully established, and the synergism between allergic inflammation and viral infection appears to determine uncontrolled disease. The role of other triggering and protective agents is yet to be clearly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusmaia D C Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sucasas Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo A M Camargos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Identifying rare variants for genetic risk through a combined pedigree and phenotype approach: application to suicide and asthma. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e471. [PMID: 25335167 PMCID: PMC4350517 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a complex disorder, with evidence for genetic risk independent of other genetic risk factors including psychiatric disorders. Since 1996, over 3000 DNA samples from Utah suicide decedents have been collected and banked for research use through the Utah Medical Examiner. In addition, over 12,000 Utah suicides were identified through examination of death certificates back to 1904. By linking this data with the Utah Population Database, we have identified multiple extended pedigrees with increased risk for suicide completion. A number of medical conditions co-occur with suicide, including asthma, and this study was undertaken to identify genetic risk common to asthma and suicide. This study tests the hypothesis that a particular comorbid condition may identify a more homogeneous genetic subgroup, facilitating the identification of specific genetic risk factors in that group. From pedigrees at increased risk for suicide, we identified three pedigrees also at significantly increased familial risk for asthma. Five suicide decedents from each of these pedigrees, plus an additional three decedents not from these pedigrees with diagnosed asthma, and 10 decedents with close relatives with asthma were genotyped. Results were compared with 183 publicly available unaffected control exomes from 1000 Genomes and CEPH (Centre d'etude du polymorphisme humain) samples genotyped on the same platform. A further 432 suicide decedents were also genotyped as non-asthma suicide controls. Genotyping was done using the Infinium HumanExome BeadChip. For analysis, we used the pedigree extension of Variant Annotation, Analysis and Search Tool (pVAAST) to calculate the disease burden of each gene. The Phenotype Driven Variant Ontological Re-ranking tool (Phevor) then re-ranked our pVAAST results in context of the phenotype. Using asthma as a seed phenotype, Phevor traversed biomedical ontologies and identified genes with similar biological properties to those known to result in asthma. Our top associated genes included those related to neurodevelopment or neural signaling (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (SMPD2), homeobox b2 (HOXB2), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM2), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0 (HNRNPA0)), inflammation (free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)) and inflammation with additional evidence of neuronal involvement (oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)). Of particular interest, BDNF has been previously implicated in both psychiatric disorders and asthma. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining pedigree and co-occurring phenotypes to identify rare variants associated with suicide risk in conjunction with specific co-occurring conditions.
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Barbarroja-Escudero J, Prieto-Martin A, Monserrat-Sanz J, Reyes-Martin E, Diaz-Martin D, Antolin-Amerigo D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Canseco-Gonzalez F, Kremer L, Martinez-A C, Alvarez-Mon M. Abnormal chemokine receptor profile on circulating T lymphocytes from nonallergic asthma patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:228-36. [PMID: 25178112 DOI: 10.1159/000365627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of nonallergic asthma. The objective of this study was to characterize the subset distribution and pattern of chemokine receptor expression in circulating T lymphocyte subsets from nonallergic asthma patients. METHODS Forty stable nonallergic asthma patients and 16 sex- and age-matched healthy donors were studied. Twelve patients did not receive inhaled steroids (untreated patients), 16 received 50-500 μg b.i.d. of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) (standard-dose patients), and 12 received over 500 μg b.i.d. of inhaled FP (high-dose patients) for at least 12 months prior to the beginning of this study and were clinically well controlled. Flow cytometry was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (4 colors). RESULTS Nonallergic asthma patients treated with high doses of inhaled FP showed a significant reduction in the percentages of CD3+ T lymphocytes compared to healthy controls. Untreated patients showed a significant increase in CCR6 expression in CD8+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+bright T cells compared to healthy controls. The results were similar for CXCR3 and CCR5 expression. In patients treated with standard doses of FP, CCR5 expression was significantly increased in CD3+ T lymphocytes relative to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The different groups of clinically stable nonallergic asthmatic patients showed distinct patterns of alterations in subset distribution as well as CCR6, CXCR3, and CCR5 expression on circulating T lymphocytes. .
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Saraya T, Kurai D, Ishii H, Ito A, Sasaki Y, Niwa S, Kiyota N, Tsukagoshi H, Kozawa K, Goto H, Takizawa H. Epidemiology of virus-induced asthma exacerbations: with special reference to the role of human rhinovirus. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:226. [PMID: 24904541 PMCID: PMC4033317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections may be associated with the virus-induced asthma in adults as well as children. Particularly, human rhinovirus is strongly suggested a major candidate for the associations of the virus-induced asthma. Thus, in this review, we reviewed and focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of virus-induced asthma with special reference on human rhinovirus. Furthermore, we added our preliminary data regarding the clinical and virological findings in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anri Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sasaki
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoichi Niwa
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Naoko Kiyota
- Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kozawa
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Hajime Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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