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Venturini S, Still MEH, Hutchinson PJ, Gwinnutt JM. Is Pre-Injury Socioeconomic Status Associated With Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury? A Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:789-806. [PMID: 38251663 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a variety of health outcomes, the literature on the association between SES and traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes has not been formally summarized. This study aims to review existing literature to ascertain whether patients with low SES pre-injury have worse clinical outcomes after TBI compared with those with high SES, in high-income countries. A systematic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO databases. Observational studies addressing the association between SES and TBI outcomes (mortality, functional, cognitive, and vocational outcomes) were included (published from 2000, written in English). Both pediatric and adult TBI groups were included. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Measures of SES varied across studies. Mortality was assessed in seven studies; five reported an association between low SES and higher mortality. Five of eight studies showed an association between low SES and worse functional outcomes; results for cognitive (n = 13) and vocational outcomes (n = 10) were mixed. The results of this review suggest that SES is a variable of interest in the context of TBI outcomes and should be assessed at time of admission to assist in social work discharge planning and early mobilization of available community resources. Further work is required to better understand the impact of SES on TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Venturini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Megan E H Still
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James M Gwinnutt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Contraindications to the Initiation of Veno-Venous ECMO for Severe Acute Respiratory Failure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Practical Approach Based on the Current Literature. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080584. [PMID: 34436348 PMCID: PMC8400963 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used for acute respiratory failure with few absolute but many relative contraindications. The provider in charge often has a difficult time weighing indications and contraindications to anticipate if the patient will benefit from this treatment, a decision that often decides life and death for the patient. To assist in this process in coming to a good evidence-based decision, we reviewed the available literature. (2) Methods: We performed a systematic review through a literature search of the MEDLINE database of former and current absolute and relative contraindications to the initiation of ECMO treatment. (3) Results: The following relative and absolute contraindications were identified in the literature: absolute-refusal of the use of extracorporeal techniques by the patient, advanced stage of cancer, fatal intracerebral hemorrhage/cerebral herniation/intractable intracranial hypertension, irreversible destruction of the lung parenchyma without the possibility of transplantation, and contraindications to lung transplantation; relative-advanced age, immunosuppressed patients/pharmacological immunosuppression, injurious ventilator settings > 7 days, right-heart failure, hematologic malignancies, especially bone marrow transplantation and graft-versus-host disease, SAPS II score ≥ 60 points, SOFA score > 12 points, PRESERVE score ≥ 5 points, RESP score ≤ -2 points, PRESET score ≥ 6 points, and "do not attempt resuscitation" order (DN(A)R status). (4) Conclusions: We provide a simple-to-follow algorithm that incorporates absolute and relative contraindications to the initiation of ECMO treatment. This algorithm attempts to weigh pros and cons regarding the benefit for an individual patient and hopefully assists caregivers to make better, informed decisions.
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Sun S, Yang L, Hu X, Zhu Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Wang X. The burden of the current curative expenditure of injury in Dalian, China-a study based on the "system of health accounts 2011". BMC Public Health 2021; 21:157. [PMID: 33468078 PMCID: PMC7814588 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury is one of the major public health problems and causes more than 5 million deaths in the world annually. Cases of specific types of injury are life-threatening and heavily-burdened to individuals and society. This study was aimed to assess the financial burden of injury on patients. METHODS A total of 565 medical institutions were selected with multistage stratified cluster random sampling, containing 152,553 valid samples. Subsequently, the distribution of injury current curative expenditure (CCE) in different dimensions (including age and site of injury) was analyzed under the framework of System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2011) using the established database. RESULTS In China, both urban and rural injury mortality rates showed an upward trend of more than 5 percentage points from 2006 to 2016. In Dalian, the CCE of injury reached 1572.73 million RMB, accounting for 7.45% of the total CCE. Those aged 15-24 reported larger proportion of CCE than the other age groups. As for the injuries in body parts, injuries occurred to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body cost most. CONCLUSIONS Dalian has a relatively serious burden of injury costs. The essential and primary goal is to reduce the cost. Young people should pay attention to protect their head and limbs from injury, and related government sectors should implement preventive and educative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Beijie, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110001
| | - Liuna Yang
- School of public health, Songshan Lake National High-tech Industrial Development, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Blvd, Zone, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, P.R. China, 523808
| | - Xinzhu Hu
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Yalan Zhu
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Boxi Liu
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Yunbin Yang
- Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai south road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China, 510515
| | - Xin Wang
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122.
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Bhat I, Malik N, Kareem K, Ramzan A, Sheikh H, Wani A, Singh S, Arif S, Rashid A. Burden of Moderate and Severe Head Injury in Kashmir Valley. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Head injury is a major health hazard throughout the world. Overall, the mortality/morbidity has not changed much in the last few decades. In developing nations, the situation is worse.
Methods The study was conducted for a period of 1 year. The data collected include demographic profile, mode, circumstances and timing of the injury, neurological assessment using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scoring, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, type of management, and outcome.
Results Transport-related injuries and falls were the common cause of head injury, with more severe injuries seen in patients without wearing helmets and seat belts. The youth is at high risk of receiving head injuries. The summer season showed a maximum incidence of head injuries. The most common lesions on CT scan were linear fracture of the skull and brain contusion. Mortality rate was 26% and it correlated with the GCS at presentation.
Conclusion Head injury mostly affects young people and males outnumber females. Road traffic accident is the major cause. People not abiding by the traffic rules, such as wearing helmets and seat belts, were at high risk of developing head injury and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nayil Malik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kaiser Kareem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Altaf Ramzan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hilal Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, Shri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abrar Wani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad Arif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdual Rashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Bierbaum M, Lystad RP, Curtis K, Mitchell R. Incidence and severity of head injury hospitalisations in Australian children over a 10-year period. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:189-198. [PMID: 30030878 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Child head injuries can cause life-long disability and are a major cause of mortality globally. The incidence and impact of child head injuries in Australia is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, characteristics and treatment cost and to identify factors associated with the severity of hospitalisations of head injuries in Australian children. METHODS Linked hospitalisation and mortality data were used to retrospectively examine hospitalisation trends for head injury in children aged ≤16 years and associated factors, in Australia, from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012. RESULTS There were 164 126 hospitalisations of children for head injury during the 10-year period, commonly male (65.5%), or aged ≤5 years (48.3%). The incidence among children aged <1 year and 1-5 years significantly increased by 1.7% (95% CI 0.9-2.6; P < 0.0001) and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9; P < 0.0001) annually during the study period, respectively. The most common injury mechanisms across all age groups were falls (45.2%) and road trauma (16.0%). Head injury hospitalisations cost $468.9 million, with the higher costs found for children aged 11-16 years, and for the most severe injuries. CONCLUSION Head injury hospitalisations cost the Australian health system close to half a billion dollars over a 10-year period, with the most serious injuries resulting in lifelong health implications. SO WHAT?: Targeted health promotion strategies such as the promotion of helmet wearing during scooter use, the introduction of cycleways, and impact absorbing surfaces on playgrounds, need to be implemented to reduce the occurrence of head injuries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Bierbaum
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Curtis
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M, Agrawal A, Adeleye AO, Shrime MG, Rubiano AM, Rosenfeld JV, Park KB. Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2018:1-18. [PMID: 29701556 DOI: 10.3171/2017.10.jns17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1099] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI)-the "silent epidemic"-contributes to worldwide death and disability more than any other traumatic insult. Yet, TBI incidence and distribution across regions and socioeconomic divides remain unknown. In an effort to promote advocacy, understanding, and targeted intervention, the authors sought to quantify the case burden of TBI across World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World Bank (WB) income groups.METHODSOpen-source epidemiological data on road traffic injuries (RTIs) were used to model the incidence of TBI using literature-derived ratios. First, a systematic review on the proportion of RTIs resulting in TBI was conducted, and a meta-analysis of study-derived proportions was performed. Next, a separate systematic review identified primary source studies describing mechanisms of injury contributing to TBI, and an additional meta-analysis yielded a proportion of TBI that is secondary to the mechanism of RTI. Then, the incidence of RTI as published by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 was applied to these two ratios to generate the incidence and estimated case volume of TBI for each WHO region and WB income group.RESULTSRelevant articles and registries were identified via systematic review; study quality was higher in the high-income countries (HICs) than in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals worldwide are estimated to sustain a TBI each year. The proportion of TBIs resulting from road traffic collisions was greatest in Africa and Southeast Asia (both 56%) and lowest in North America (25%). The incidence of RTI was similar in Southeast Asia (1.5% of the population per year) and Europe (1.2%). The overall incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was greatest in North America (1299 cases, 95% CI 650-1947) and Europe (1012 cases, 95% CI 911-1113) and least in Africa (801 cases, 95% CI 732-871) and the Eastern Mediterranean (897 cases, 95% CI 771-1023). The LMICs experience nearly 3 times more cases of TBI proportionally than HICs.CONCLUSIONSSixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals are estimated to suffer TBI from all causes each year, with the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions experiencing the greatest overall burden of disease. Head injury following road traffic collision is more common in LMICs, and the proportion of TBIs secondary to road traffic collision is likewise greatest in these countries. Meanwhile, the estimated incidence of TBI is highest in regions with higher-quality data, specifically in North America and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Dewan
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine.,2Department of Neurological Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Abbas Rattani
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine.,3Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ronnie E Baticulon
- 5University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ya-Ching Hung
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
| | - Maria Punchak
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine.,6David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amit Agrawal
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amos O Adeleye
- 8Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan.,9Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mark G Shrime
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine.,10Office of Global Surgery and Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrés M Rubiano
- 11Neurosciences Institute, Neurosurgery Service, El Bosque University, El Bosque Clinic, MEDITECH-INUB Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital.,14Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kee B Park
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
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Tibæk M, Forchhammer HB, Dehlendorff C, Johnsen SP, Kammersgaard LP. Incidence and mortality of acquired brain injury in young Danish adults between 1994 and 2013: a nationwide study. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1455-1462. [PMID: 28956631 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1376757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimated the annually incidence and mortality of acquired brain injury (ABI) in people aged 15-30 years during 1994-2013. METHODS All Danes with a first-ever hospital diagnosis of ABI, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), encephalopathy, CNS-infection or brain tumour, were identified in the Danish National Patient Register. Incidence rates (IRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were estimated by Poisson regression. Mortality was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were computed using Cox regression with 1994-1998. RESULTS A total of 10,542 individuals were hospitalized with a first-time diagnosis of ABI. The IR for ABI decreased from 63.36 to 33.91/100,000 person-years from 1994 to 2013 [EAPC: -2.78% (95% CI: -3.26 to -2.28)] mainly driven by a decreasing IR of TBI [EAPC: -6.53% (95% CI: -9.57 to -3.39)] during 2007-2013. IRs of brain tumour and CNS infections also decreased significantly. The mortality after ABI tended to be higher during 1999-2013 compared to 1994-1998. For brain tumour, the 1-year mortality decreased significantly [2009-2013 aHR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.23-0.72)]. CONCLUSION Incidence of hospitalisations for ABI and in particular TBI has decreased significantly. Overall, the mortality after ABI has not improved, but the mortality after brain tumour has decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Tibæk
- a National study of young survivors of brain Injury, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Hysse Birgitte Forchhammer
- a National study of young survivors of brain Injury, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- b Statistics, Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- c Department of Clinical Epidemiology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Kammersgaard
- d Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, TBI Unit, Rigshospitalet , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,Denmark
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