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Abdel-Maksoud EM, Daha AAEF, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Sadek KM, Alshahrani MY, Ahmed AE, Shukry M, Fadl SE, Elfeky M. Effects of ginger extract and/or propolis extract on immune system parameters of vaccinated broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102903. [PMID: 37506621 PMCID: PMC10413198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI, H5N8), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are important diseases in the poultry industry and cause significant losses. Vaccination is the most practical method for controlling infectious diseases. To reduce vaccination costs and several disorders in poultry farms, using herbal water supplements for immunomodulation with vaccination is critical to improving or preventing some conditions in the poultry industry. However, drinking water supplementation of ginger extract (GE)/propolis extract (PE) alone/in combination may increase broilers' humoral and cellular immunity due to the immunomodulatory effects of ginger and propolis. This protocol aimed to see how GE/PE alone or in combination improved the immunity, immune organ gene expression, and histology of the immune organs of broilers for 35 d after vaccination against NDV, H5N8, IBV, and IBDV. The chicks were dispensed into 5 groups according to GE and/or PE with vaccination. The control group was offered normal drinking water without any supplements or vaccinations. The GE group was supplemented with ginger extract (1 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The GE+PE group was supplemented with GE (0.5 mL/L drinking water) and PE (0.5 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The PE group was supplemented with propolis extract (1 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The fifth group was the vaccinated untreated group. This experiment showed the immunomodulatory properties of GE and/or PE against 3 common diseases, NDV, AI, and IB, in broiler chicken farms for 35 d applied to a vaccination program. Thus, ginger extract and propolis extract supplementation in drinking water increased antibody titer, INF, IL10, and IL2 and TLR3 gene expression in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, respectively, as well as cellular immunity as indicated by increased CD3, CD4, and CD8 in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, respectively, with normal lymphocytes in the medulla of the bursa, thymus, and spleen. In conclusion, propolis extracts alone or with GE improved all of the metrics mentioned above without harming the histology of the immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El Fattah Daha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
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2
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Lee S, Chih H, Affandi J, Waters S, Irish A, Price P. Markers of terminally differentiated T-cells as predictors of vascular health in renal transplant recipients and healthy adults. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109760. [PMID: 37678718 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses confirm a link between persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms are unclear. We assess whether proportions of T-cell populations are reliable predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis and/or reflect the burden of HCMV in healthy adults and renal transplant recipients (RTR). Samples were collected from healthy adults and RTR at baseline (T0) and after 32 (24-40) months (T1). Left carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and proportions of T-cells expressing CD57, LIR-1 or the TEMRA phenotype increased in healthy adults and RTR. The T-cell populations correlated with levels of HCMV-reactive antibodies. Proportions of CD57+, LIR-1+ and TEMRA CD8+ T-cells correlated with left and right cIMT in healthy adults. Proportions of CD57+ and LIR-1+ CD8+ T-cells at T0 predicted left cIMT at T1 among healthy adults, but these associations disappeared after adjustment for covariates. We link LIR-1+ and CD57+CD8+ T-cells with the progression of cIMT in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- School of Medicine, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - HuiJun Chih
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacquita Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- School of Medicine, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Ashley Irish
- Renal Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Medicine, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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3
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Li D, Yao H, Han X, Cao X, Du X, Meng F, Bu G, Kong F, Song T, Zeng X. Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone affects thymic T cell production, migration, and colonization in male rat lymphoid tissue. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104132. [PMID: 37591181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits animal reproduction and has become a friendly alternative to surgical castration, which has been reported to affect the proportion of thymic T cell subpopulations. The effects of active immunization against GnRH on T cell migration from the thymus to the periphery and T cell distribution in lymphoid tissues remain unclear. Here, we showed that active immunization against GnRH increased thymic size and weight, enlarged the number of thymocytes, and enhanced CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and CD8+ RTEs migration to the blood and spleen. Active immunization against GnRH had no significant effect on naïve CD4+, naïve CD8+, CD4+ memory/activated, or CD8+ memory/activated T cells. In addition, active immunization against GnRH increased the proportion of CD3+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes were not significantly affected by GnRH immunization. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of thymic T cell production, migration, and colonization in rat lymphoid tissues affected by GnRH immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of animal science, Tibet academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, Xizang, PR China.
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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4
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Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, Guo C, Ge X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Luo P, Zhang Y, Han X. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:200. [PMID: 37179335 PMCID: PMC10182360 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as immunosenescence). During aging, organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, termed inflammaging. This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases. Thymic involution, naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence. Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells, and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed, it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence. Potential counteractive measures will be discussed, including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence. In recent years, immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development. As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients, the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear. Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs, it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Liang
- Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 4500052, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Sips M, Gerlo S, De Clercq L, Gomez EA, Colas RA, Dalli J, Vandekerckhove L. Distinct immune profiles of HIV-infected subjects are linked to specific lipid mediator signature. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e629. [PMID: 35634953 PMCID: PMC9138705 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, with no prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine available, HIV incidence rates remain undefeated. Despite full virological suppression, HIV+ individuals exhibit a higher rate of cardiovascular disorders and cancers what is attributed to the residual, persistent levels of immune activation. METHODS We have established the Virological and Immunological Monitoring (VIM) platform and forty VIM samples that included treated immunological responders (IRs) or nonresponders (INRs), viremic untreated subjects and uninfected controls, were phenotyped by flow cytometry and plasma was used to quantify proinflammatory eicosanoids and the specialized proresolving mediators by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS While HIV infection profoundly altered lipid mediator (LM) profile, differences were also seen in patients on viral suppressive therapy. IRs exhibited higher levels of proresolving mediators as compared to INRs and notable differences in plasma LM were also seen in early and late treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated distortions in proinflammatory/proresolution processes in infected patients including those with controlled viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sips
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura De Clercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esteban A Gomez
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Fan P, Yang Y, Liu T, Lu X, Huang H, Chen L, Kuang Y. Anti-atopic effect of Viola yedoensis ethanol extract against 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114474. [PMID: 34332065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viola yedoensis Makiho (VY, Violaceae) is a well-known medicinal herb in Chinese medicine, which is traditionally used to treat inflammation-related disorders, including allergic skin reactions. Although studies have uncovered its anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding bioactive constituents, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear in treating allergic skin reactions. OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe pruritus, dry, edema and inflamed skin. It affects people's quality of life seriously and causes huge economic losses to society. This study proposes VY as a possible remedy for atopic dermatitis since its traditional usage and superior anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion was induced by topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in ICR mice. After treatment with Viola yedoensis Makiho ethanol extract (VYE) or dexamethasone (positive control) for 3 weeks, skin pathological observation and the molecular biological index were performed for therapeutic evaluation, including visual inspection in the change of the stimulated skin, scar formation, pathological morphology by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the measurement of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in serum as well as spleen index. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blot. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte in the spleen was detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry staining for CD68 identified the number of activated macrophages in skin lesions. Additionally, a reliable ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) method was established for the systematic identification and characterization of main components in VYE. RESULTS VYE alleviated DNCB-stimulated AD-like lesions symptoms as evidenced by a significant decrease in hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in dorsal skin. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum were suppressed in mice treated with VYE as compared to the DNCB-induced model group. Also, the administration of VYE reduced the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte in the spleen and the number of activated macrophages stimulated by DNCB. Besides, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 were down-regulated in the dorsal skin. CONCLUSIONS VYE showed therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis in DNCB-induced AD-like lesion mouse models by inhibiting the T cell-mediated allergic immune response. Our results indicated that VY could act as a potential remedy for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Jiangxi Gannan Haixin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Kuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Gaff J, Estiasari R, Diafiri D, Halstrom S, Kamerman P, Price P. Neurocognitive outcomes in indonesians living with HIV are influenced by polymorphisms in the gene encoding purinergic P2X receptor 7. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100220. [PMID: 34589739 PMCID: PMC8474153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the prevalence and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), but milder forms of HAND remain despite optimal treatment. Neuronal injury and loss due to inflammation may mediate HAND. P2X7R encodes purinergic P2X receptor 7 which influences neuroinflammatory pathways and carries polymorphisms associated with sensory neuropathy in HIV patients. We assessed associations between P2X7R polymorphisms and neurocognitive outcomes in Indonesian patients (n = 59) as they commenced ART and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Z-scores were calculated over 5 domains using local controls and evaluated as continuous variables. Optimal linear regression models identified polymorphisms influencing attention, memory, executive function, motor speed and total cognitive function at each time point. rs504677 was associated with lower executive and motor speed Z-scores at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, and with memory at 0 and 12 months. Memory was positively influenced by carriage of the rs208296 minor allele at 0, 3 and 6 months and by carriage of the rs208307 minor allele at 0 and 12 months. Higher attention Z-scores associated with carriage of minor alleles of rs1653598 after 0 and 12 months. These also positively influenced executive function and motor speed after 0–6 months. This study identifies polymorphisms in P2X7R which influence domain-specific neurocognitive outcomes in HIV+ Indonesians prior to and shortly after commencing ART. This implicates purinergic P2X receptor 7 in the pathogenesis of HAND. Neurocognitive outcomes in HIV+ Indonesians were assessed over one year on ART. Overall scores were influenced by age, education and CD4 T-cell counts. Five intronic polymorphisms in P2X7R affected scores of selected domains. The influence of P2X7R polymorphisms varied over time on ART. P2X7R may influence neurocognitive changes on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gaff
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Riwanti Estiasari
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Neurology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dinda Diafiri
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Neurology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sam Halstrom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,School of Medical and Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Kamerman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Ligotti ME, Aiello A, Accardi G, Aprile S, Bonura F, Bulati M, Gervasi F, Giammanco GM, Pojero F, Zareian N, Caruso C, Farzaneh F, Candore G. Analysis of T and NK cell subsets in the Sicilian population from young to supercentenarian: The role of age and gender. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:198-212. [PMID: 33866541 PMCID: PMC8274165 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing dramatically affects number and function of both innate and adaptive arms of immune system, particularly T cell subsets, contributing to reduced vaccination efficacy, decreased resistance to infections and increased prevalence of cancer in older people. In the present paper, we analysed the age-related changes in the absolute number of lymphocytes in 214 Sicilian subjects, and in the percentages of T and natural killer (NK) cells in a subcohort of donors. We compared these results with the immunophenotype of the oldest living Italian supercentenarian (aged 111 years). The results were also sorted by gender. The correlation between number/percentage of cells and age in all individuals. and separately in males and females, was examined using a simple linear regression analysis. We did not record the increase in the rate of inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio, frequently reported as being associated with ageing in literature. Our observation was the direct consequence of a flat average trend of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages in ageing donors, even when gender differences were included. Our results also suggest that CD4+ and CD8+ subsets are not affected equally by age comparing females with males, and we speculated that gender may affect the response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The supercentenarian showed a unique immunophenotypic signature regarding the relative percentages of her T cell subsets, with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages and CD4+ naive T cell values in line with those recorded for the octogenarian subjects. This suggests that the supercentenarian has a naive 'younger' T cell profile comparable to that of a >80-year-old female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonThe Rayne InstituteLondonUK
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Stefano Aprile
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Unit of Transfusion MedicineSan Giovanni di Dio HospitalAgrigentoItaly
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Microbiology SectionUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research DepartmentMediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT)PalermoItaly
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory UnitARNAS Hospitals CivicoDi Cristina e BenfratelliPalermoItaly
| | - Giovanni M. Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Microbiology SectionUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Nahid Zareian
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonThe Rayne InstituteLondonUK
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonThe Rayne InstituteLondonUK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and ImmunosenescenceDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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9
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Fessler J, Angiari S. The Role of T Cell Senescence in Neurological Diseases and Its Regulation by Cellular Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706434. [PMID: 34335619 PMCID: PMC8317490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a state of dysregulated leukocyte function characterised by arrested cell cycle, telomere shortening, expression of markers of cellular stress, and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Immunosenescence principally develops during aging, but it may also be induced in other pathological settings, such as chronic viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Appearance of senescent immune cells has been shown to potentially cause chronic inflammation and tissue damage, suggesting an important role for this process in organismal homeostasis. In particular, the presence of senescent T lymphocytes has been reported in neurological diseases, with some works pointing towards a direct connection between T cell senescence, inflammation and neuronal damage. In this minireview, we provide an overview on the role of T cell senescence in neurological disorders, in particular in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. We also discuss recent literature investigating how metabolic remodelling controls the development of a senescence phenotype in T cells. Targeting metabolic pathways involved in the induction of senescent T cells may indeed represent a novel approach to limit their inflammatory activity and prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fessler
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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10
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Chen X, Feng W, Ou R, Liu J, Yang J, Fu J, Cao B, Chen Y, Wei Q, Shang H. Evidence for Peripheral Immune Activation in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:617370. [PMID: 33994989 PMCID: PMC8119625 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.617370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has revealed that peripheral immunity is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in PD patients. METHODS Serum levels of the percentage of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulins were measured in 761 PD patients and 761 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The correlations between the variables of peripheral immune activation (PIA) and the clinical characteristics of PD were analyzed using correlation analysis. RESULTS The pooled results showed that PD patients had higher proportional levels of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes than healthy controls. CD8+ T cell percentages were similar in PD patients and controls, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the PD population. No significant differences in IgG, IgA, or IgM levels between these two groups were found. CD4+ T cell percentage was inversely correlated with the H&Y stage, and IgG level was positively correlated with disease duration and UPDRS part III. Subgroup analyses showed that these associations existed in female patients, but not in male patients. CONCLUSION The enhanced immune activation in the peripheral system is indicated in PD, and dynamic alterations in CD4+ T cell percentage and IgG level suggest an active role for peripheral immunity in the disease progression, especially in female PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Feng
- Division of Clinical Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Goldeck D, Adriaensen W, Oettinger L, Vaes B, van Pottelbergh G, Degryse JM, Hamprecht K, Matheï C, Pawelec G. Cellular Immune Phenotypes and Worsening Scores of Frailty-Associated Parameters Over an 18-Month Period in the Very Old. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1356-1361. [PMID: 33780527 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty has been related to inflammaging and certain immune parameters. In previous analyses of participants older than 80 years of age in the longitudinal BELFRAIL cohort study, the main focus was on T-cell phenotypes and the association with cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and survival, finding that a CD4:CD8 ratio greater than 5 was associated with frailty, impaired activities of daily living (ADLs), and mortality (but only in women). Here, we phenotyped peripheral blood immune cells via multicolor flow cytometry and correlated these with the dynamics of changes in ADL, geriatric depression score, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Short Physical Performance Battery from baseline values over 18 months follow-up. We found that higher frequencies of B cells and late-differentiated CD8+ T cells at 18 months from baseline were associated with ADL impairment that had worsened over the preceding 18 months. There were no significant associations with monocyte, dendritic cell, or natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes. No associations with the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, or the Short Physical Performance Battery were found. Thus, while these results do not establish causality, they suggest that certain adaptive immune, but not innate immune, parameters are associated with a worsened ADL in the very old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lilly Oettinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Dementia Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (KUL), Belgium
| | | | | | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Disease, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catharina Matheï
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (KUL), Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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13
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Pathogenic load and frailty in older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22139-22151. [PMID: 33159019 PMCID: PMC7695406 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human evidence for the role of continuous antigenic stimulation from persistent latent infections in frailty is limited. We conducted a nested case-control study (99 deceased and 43 survivors) of participants aged 55 and above in a longitudinal ageing cohort followed up from 2003 to 2017. Using blood samples and baseline data collected in 2003-2004, we examined the association of pathogenic load (PL) count of seropositivity to 10 microbes (viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma) with cumulated deficit-frailty index (CD-FI) and the physical frailty (PF) phenotype, and mortality. Controlling for age, sex, education, smoking and alcohol histories, high PL (7-9) versus low PL (3-6) was associated with an estimated increase of 0.035 points in the CD-FI (Cohen’s D=0.035 / 0.086, or 0.41). High PL was associated with 8.5 times odds of being physically frail (p=0.001), 2.8 times odds of being weak (p=0.010), 3.4 times odds of being slow (p=0.024), and mortality hazard ratio of 1.53 (p=0.046). There were no significant associations for specific pathogens, except marginal associations for Epstein-Barr virus and Chikungunya. Conclusion: A high pathogenic load of latent infections was associated with increased risks of frailty and mortality.
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14
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Rai A, Narisawa M, Li P, Piao L, Li Y, Yang G, Cheng XW. Adaptive immune disorders in hypertension and heart failure: focusing on T-cell subset activation and clinical implications. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1878-1889. [PMID: 32890260 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
: Hypertension is a growing health concern worldwide. Established hypertension is a causative factor of heart failure, which is characterized by increased vascular resistance and intractable uncontrolled blood pressure. Hypertension and heart failure have multiple causes and complex pathophysiology but cellular immunity is thought to contribute to the development of both. Recent studies showed that T cells play critical roles in hypertension and heart failure in humans and animals, with various stimuli leading to the formation of effector T cells that infiltrate the cardiovascular wall. Monocytes/macrophages also accumulate in the cardiovascular wall. Various cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6, interleukin-17, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) released from immune cells of various subtypes promote vascular senescence and elastic laminal degradation as well as cardiac fibrosis and/or hypertrophy, leading to cardiovascular structural alterations and dysfunction. Recent laboratory evidence has defined a link between inflammation and the immune system in initiation and progression of hypertension and heart failure. Moreover, cross-talk among natural killer cells, adaptive immune cells (T cells and B cells), and innate immune cells (i.e. monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) contributes to end-cardiovasculature damage and dysfunction in hypertension and heart failure. Clinical and experimental studies on the diagnostic potential of T-cell subsets revealed that blood regulatory T cells, CD4 cells, CD8 T cells, and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cells show promise as biomarkers of hypertension and heart failure. Therapeutic interventions to suppress activation of these cells may prove beneficial in reducing end-organ damage and preventing consequences of cardiovascular failure, including hypertension of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinas Rai
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanglong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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15
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The human immunosenescence phenotype: does it exist? Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:537-544. [PMID: 32757035 PMCID: PMC7405710 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
“Immunosenescence” has been invoked as the root cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious disease in older adults and their poorer response to vaccination, and is implicated in increased solid cancers and increased autoimmunity with age. But how to define it in the individual and to show that immunosenescence is responsible for these adverse health outcomes? How can we monitor interventions aimed at restoring appropriate immune function to overcome these perceived immune deficits? Hence, the many efforts over the years aimed at establishing biomarkers of immunosenescence which to be useful must exhibit robust correlations with the chosen clinical outcome. Developments in “omics” technologies acquiring unprecedently detailed data on personal trajectories of immunosenescence and taking into account the under-appreciated importance of gender, ethnicity geography, socioeconomic, and multiple other differences will be of pivotal importance to identify biomarkers that are clinically useful at the level of the individual. This contribution addresses the question of whether or not we are currently in possession of any such useful biomarkers.
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16
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Barbé-Tuana F, Funchal G, Schmitz CRR, Maurmann RM, Bauer ME. The interplay between immunosenescence and age-related diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:545-557. [PMID: 32747977 PMCID: PMC7398288 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging immune system (immunosenescence) has been implicated with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Of note, T cell aging and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) are implicated with several age-related conditions. The expansion of late-differentiated T cells (CD28−), regulatory T cells, increased serum levels of autoantibodies, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were implicated with morbidities during aging. Features of accelerated immunosenescence can be identified in adults with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and are predictive of poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is an interplay between immunosenescence and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss how the aging immune system may contribute to the development and clinical course of age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giselle Funchal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carine Raquel Richter Schmitz
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moura Maurmann
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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17
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Giunco S, Petrara MR, Bergamo F, Del Bianco P, Zanchetta M, Carmona F, Zagonel V, De Rossi A, Lonardi S. Immune senescence and immune activation in elderly colorectal cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3864-3875. [PMID: 31195370 PMCID: PMC6594805 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that low thymic output and short telomere length were associated with a higher risk of tumor in elderly cancer patients. Here, we aimed to examine in depth the impact of immunological and biological senescence and immune activation on disease outcome in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Peripheral blood samples from 81 CRC patients were studied for immune activation, immune senescence and recent thymic emigrant(RTE) CD4 and CD8 cells by flow cytometry. T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC) levels and telomere lengths were measured by real-time PCR. Plasma levels of microbial translocation markers, LPS and sCD14, were quantified by ELISA. While TREC levels and telomere length were not prognostic of disease outcome, high percentages of immune senescent and immune activated CD8 cells were associated with a higher risk of a negative event (relapse, progression, or death) in all studied patients and disease relapse in I-III staged patients. Levels of sCD14 and LPS were higher in patients who will experience a negative event than in patients who will not. In conclusion, in elderly CRC patients higher immunological senescence and immune activation negatively impact the disease outcome; how these characteristics influence the antineoplastic treatments remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giunco
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Petrara
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Paola Del Bianco
- Clinical trials and Biostatistic Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Marisa Zanchetta
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Francesco Carmona
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.,Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
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18
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Cao B, Chen X, Zhang L, Wei Q, Liu H, Feng W, Chen Y, Shang H. Elevated Percentage of CD3 + T-Cells and CD4 +/CD8 + Ratios in Multiple System Atrophy Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:658. [PMID: 32733370 PMCID: PMC7358310 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and can be regulated by peripheral immune activation (PIA). We aimed to clarify the correlations between PIA and the prevalence of MSA and to analyze the role of PIA in the progression of the disease. A total of 321 patients with probable MSA and 321 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, and the levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA were evaluated. The proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes were significantly increased in MSA patients compared with those of normal controls. In addition, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was significantly increased in male MSA patients and IgG concentrations were decreased in female MSA patients. Furthermore, the concentrations of IgM in female MSA patients were dynamically different at various disease stages and gradually decreased from the early stage until the end stage of the disease (p = 0.029). Other detected immunological indexes were not significantly different during the entire disease course. In this study, high proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes and decreased IgG levels were associated with an increased risk for MSA in a Chinese patient population. In addition, PIA may be involved in the progression of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Cox M, Adetifa JU, Noho-Konteh F, Njie-Jobe J, Sanyang LC, Drammeh A, Plebanski M, Whittle HC, Rowland-Jones SL, Robertson I, Flanagan KL. Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 32582177 PMCID: PMC7291605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has a profound effect on the human immune system, causing massive clonal expansion of CD8, and to a lesser extend CD4 T cells. The few human trials that have explored the effect of HCMV infection on responses to vaccination are conflicting, with some studies suggesting no effect whilst others suggest decreased or increased immune responses. Recent studies indicate substantial differences in overall immune system reactivity to vaccines based on age and sex, particularly cellular immunity. 225 nine-month old Gambian infants were immunized with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and/or measles vaccines. HCMV infection status was determined by the presence of CMV DNA by PCR of urine samples prior to vaccination. The effect of HCMV infection on either protective antibody immunity or vaccine-specific and overall cellular immune responses 4 weeks post-vaccination was determined, further stratified by sex. Tetanus toxoid-specific antibody responses were significantly lower in HCMV+ infants compared to their HCMV- counterparts, while pertussis, diphtheria and measles antibody responses were generally comparable between the groups. Responses to general T cell stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 as well as antigen-specific cytokine responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) were broadly suppressed in infants infected with HCMV but, perhaps surprisingly, there was only a minimal impact on antigen-specific cellular responses to vaccine antigens. There was evidence for subtle sex differences in the effects of HCMV infection, in keeping with the emerging evidence suggesting sex differences in homeostatic immunity and in responses to vaccines. This study reassuringly suggests that the high rates of HCMV infection in low income settings have little clinically significant impact on antibody and cellular responses to early life vaccines, while confirming the importance of sex stratification in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou Cox
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,School of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane U Adetifa
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Fatou Noho-Konteh
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jainaba Njie-Jobe
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Lady C Sanyang
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Drammeh
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hilton C Whittle
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Rowland-Jones
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Robertson
- School of Medicine and School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,School of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine and School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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20
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Seesen M, Semmarath W, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Ongprasert K, Chittrakul J, Siviroj P, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Combined Black Rice Germ, Bran Supplement and Exercise Intervention Modulate Aging Biomarkers and Improve Physical Performance and Lower-Body Muscle Strength Parameters in Aging Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2931. [PMID: 32340343 PMCID: PMC7215642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent functional decline in muscle mass and strength, which is reflected in poor physical performances, hormonal imbalance, and development of chronic low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of black rice germ, bran supplement, and exercise program either alone or in combination for 24 weeks on the aging biomarkers (C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Insulin-like growth factor-1, and CD4:CD8 T cell ratio) physical performance, muscle strength parameters (walking speed, sit-to-stand time, grip strength) among Thai aging population. A total of 120 healthy volunteers aged 65-74 years were assigned to the exercise group (EX), black rice germ, and bran supplement (BR) group or the combination of BR and EX group (BR + EX). Over the course of the 24-week intervention, compared with baseline data (T0), the combined BR + EX intervention significantly decreased the inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels, both p < 0.05 vs. T0) and significantly increased the insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (p < 0.001 vs. T0). Significant improvement in physical performance and muscle strength were also observed in the combined BR + EX group (decrease in sit-to-stand time and gait speed over the 24-week intervention, both p < 0.05 vs. T0, and trend toward grip strength improvement at p = 0.088 vs. T0). Overall, our results indicated a synergistic effect towards the combined intervention with the sustainable improvement in physical performances, lower-body muscle strength, and the modulation of both inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers. This study could encourage older adults to change their lifestyles to improve healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pisittawoot Ayood
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiraporn Chittrakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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21
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Bauer ME. Accelerated immunosenescence in rheumatoid arthritis: impact on clinical progression. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:6. [PMID: 32190092 PMCID: PMC7068869 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop features of accelerated ageing, including immunosenescence. These changes include decreased thymic functionality, expansion of late-differentiated effector T cells, increased telomeric attrition, and excessive production of cytokines (senescence-associated secretory phenotype). The progression of RA has been associated with the early development of age-related co-morbidities, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular complications, and cognitive impairment. Here I review data supporting the hypothesis that immune-senescence contributes to the aggravation of both articular and extra-articular manifestations. Of note, poor cognitive functions in RA were associated with senescent CD28- T cells, inflammaging, and autoantibodies against brain antigens. The pathways of immune-to-brain communication are discussed and provide the rationale for the cognitive impairment reported in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés E Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900 Brazil
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22
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Francis-Morris A, Mackie NE, Eliahoo J, Ramzan F, Fidler S, Pollock KM. Compromised CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in people living with HIV aged over 50 years: an observational study. HIV Med 2019; 21:109-118. [PMID: 31617962 PMCID: PMC7003811 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Persistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion (< 1) is associated with mortality in older people. We investigated the interaction of the effects of baseline CD8 count and age at HIV diagnosis on CD4:CD8 ratio recovery with antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS An observational study (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016) was carried out using routinely collected data from the HIV outpatient services at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. CD4 and CD8 counts, prior to and during ART, treatment during primary HIV infection (PHI) and HIV-1 viral load were included in univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Data were included for 876 patients starting ART, where HIV suppression was achieved. Of these patients, 741 of 876 (84.6%) were male and 507 of 876 (57.9%) were Caucasian. The median time on ART was 38 [interquartile range (IQR) 17-66] months. CD8 count change on ART was bidirectional; low CD8 counts (≤ 600 cells/μL) increased and high CD8 counts (> 900 cells/μL) decreased. The median pre-ART CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.41 (IQR 0.24-0.63), and recovery (≥ 1) occurred in 274 of 876 patients (31.3%). Pre- and post-ART CD4:CD8 ratios were lower in those aged > 50 years compared with young adults aged 18-30 years (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). After adjustment, younger age at HIV diagnosis (P < 0.001) and treatment during PHI (P < 0.001) were favourable for CD4:CD8 ratio normalization. CONCLUSIONS Older age (> 50 years) at HIV diagnosis was associated with persistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion, whereas treatment of PHI was protective. These findings confirm the need for testing and early treatment of people aged > 50 years, and could be used in a risk management algorithm for enhanced surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Francis-Morris
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N E Mackie
- Jefferiss Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Eliahoo
- Statistical Advisory Service, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Ramzan
- Jefferiss Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Fidler
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - K M Pollock
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Jefferiss Wing, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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23
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Castilho JL, Turner M, Shepherd BE, Koethe JR, Furukawa SS, Bofill CE, Raffanti S, Sterling TR. CD4/CD8 Ratio and CD4 Nadir Predict Mortality Following Noncommunicable Disease Diagnosis in Adults Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:960-967. [PMID: 31407605 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cirrhosis, and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), have been associated with HIV viremia, CD4 cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio in persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the importance of these markers to mortality risk following NCD diagnosis. We examined factors associated with mortality following incident CVD, cirrhosis, or NADCs in a clinical cohort of PLWH between 1998 and 2015. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates and used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. We included 341 patients with NCDs (CVD = 169, cancer = 103, and cirrhosis = 67), of whom 129 died. Median age at NCD diagnosis was 49 years and median proportion of time before NCD with virologic suppression was 64%. Median survival after CVD was longer than for cancer or cirrhosis (11.6 years vs. 4.8 and 3.4 years, respectively; log rank test p < .001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, higher CD4/CD8 ratio preceding NCD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 0.1 increase = 0.92 [95% confidence interval 0.85-0.99]) and higher CD4 nadir (aHR per 100 cells/μL = 0.84 [0.72-0.97]) were associated with decreased mortality risk. Neither CD4 cell count before NCD nor HIV viremia was statistically associated with mortality in adjusted models. When restricted to 116 patients with virologic suppression for ≥80% of time before NCD, only CD4 nadir was associated with mortality risk. Low CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 nadir were associated with increased mortality risk after NCD, suggesting that prior immunosuppression or ongoing immune imbalance remain important for outcomes following serious NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Castilho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan E. Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sally S. Furukawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carmen E. Bofill
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen Raffanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy R. Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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24
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Semmarath W, Seesen M, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Siviroj P, Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul P. The Association between Frailty Indicators and Blood-Based Biomarkers in Early-Old Community Dwellers of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183457. [PMID: 31533354 PMCID: PMC6765843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thailand has officially reached the status of an "aged society" and become the developing country with the 2nd largest proportion of senior citizens in Southeast Asia. A cross-sectional study of 526 early-old community dwellers was conducted for the Fried frailty phenotype assessment, This included five indicators: Weakness, slowness, physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1, and CD4+:CD8+ Ratio which serve as blood-based biomarkers of frailty. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frail in this population was found to be 15% and 69.6% respectively and was higher among women than men. Frail (n = 58) and non-frail (n = 60) participants were evaluated for the associations between the frail indicators and the blood-based biomarkers. Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP from frail group were significantly elevated when compared with the non-frail counterparts (p = 0.044 and 0.033, respectively), and were significantly associated with the frailty status with an Odd RatioIL-6 [OR] of 1.554-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.229-1.966) and an ORCRP of 1.011-fold (95 CI, 1.006-1.016). Decreased hand-grip strength was the only frailty indicator that was significantly associated with both inflammatory biomarkers, (ORIL-6 of 1.470-fold and ORCRP of 1.008-fold). Our study is the first to assess the frailty status among the early-old population in Thailand. These findings will encourage general practitioners to combine frailty indicators and serum biomarkers as early detection tools for at-risk older adults to achieve the goal of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pisittawoot Ayood
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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25
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Fan HJ, Zhao XS, Tan ZB, Liu B, Xu HL, Wu YT, Xie LP, Bi YM, Lai YG, Liang HF, Zhou YC. Effects and mechanism of action of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang in atopic dermatitis-like skin dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111937. [PMID: 31075381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atopic dermatitis (AD), a disorder prevalent during childhood and adulthood, seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Although Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) has shown anti-inflammatory effects in previous studies, its effects and mechanism of action underlying AD disorder are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study explored the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of HLJDT on the AD-like dermal disorder, induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammation, and in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo HLJDT effects were investigated by determining the severity of dermatitis, which consisted of observing signs of skin lesions, visually and through haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, in mouse ears and dorsal skin, measuring serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and determining the splenic index, number of splenic CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes, as well as the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (including MAPKs-p38, ERK, and JNK), IκB-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (p65) within dermal lesions. Morphological changes in LPS-induced inflammation were observed under a microscope, and ELISA and qPCR assays were used to measure IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels. The protein expression levels of P-ERK/ERK, P-p38/p38, P-JNK/JNK, P-IKβ-α, and P-p65 were measured through western blotting. Additionally, p65 expression was assessed by immunofluorescence, and LPS binding to RAW264.7 cell membrane was studied with laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS HLJDT could remarkably mitigate DNCB-induced AD-like lesion symptoms, alleviating inflammatory mediator infiltration in mouse ears and dorsal skin tissue, down-regulating serum expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, normalising the splenic CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio, and inactivating MAPKs (including p38, ERK, and JNK), IκB-α, and NF-κB (p65) in dorsal skin. Furthermore, HLJDT inhibited LPS-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the decreased protein and mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, it decreased ERK, p38, JNK, IKβ-α, and p65 phosphorylation levels in the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, inhibited p65 nuclear translocation, and reduced LPS binding to the RAW264.7 cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS HLJDT significantly improved AD-like symptoms via inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, administration of HLJDT might be a potential treatment for AD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China.
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ling-Peng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yi-Gui Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China.
| | - Hong-Feng Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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26
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Determinants of cognitive health in Indonesian HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol 2019; 26:32-40. [PMID: 31385196 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been described in people living with HIV and stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but has not been monitored in young adults beginning ART with a high burden of cytomegalovirus. We recruited 80 subjects beginning ART with < 200 CD4 T cells/μL in Jakarta, Indonesia. Cognitive function (Z-scores) began low but improved on ART, stabilizing after 6 months with improvements in all domains except memory function. The burden of cytomegalovirus persisting on ART (assessed via antibody levels) correlated inversely with Z-scores (notably memory function) at baseline. In linear mixed models, improvements in Z-scores were influenced by age, education, and CD4 T cell counts.
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27
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Zhang F, Yang T, Ao H, Zhai L, Tan Z, Wang Y, Xing K, Zhao X, Wang Z, Yu Y, Wang C. Novel nucleotide variants in SLA-DOB and CD4 are associated with immune traits in pregnant sows. Gene 2019; 707:22-29. [PMID: 31026568 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcing the immunity of pregnant sows can not only improve their own health condition but also increase the survival rate and healthy status of their piglets. This study aims to find single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and molecular markers that are associated with the immune traits of pregnant sows. SLA-DOB and CD4 were selected as candidate genes, and blood samples were randomly collected from pregnant Landrace sows and used to detect T-lymphocyte subsets, interferon alpha, interleukin 6, Toll-like receptor 3, serum antibody immunoglobulin G, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-specific antibody. Then, association analyses were conducted for the polymorphic sites of candidate genes with immune traits. We found 12 mutations in the two genes and conducted an association study with eight of them. Our results indicated that among the eight mutations, SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 of the SLA-DOB gene and Ins9, SNP10, and SNP11 in the CD4 gene are newly discovered mutations. Except for SNP1, SNP3, and SNP11, the other five SNPs are associated with at least one immune trait tested. Especially, SNP2 and Ins9 are significantly associated with at least one of the T-lymphocyte subgroups and at least one antibody. These novel mutations have potential important effects on the polymorphic loci of the above immune traits in pregnant sows. The results suggest that the SLA-DOB and CD4 genes and their genetic mutations can be considered as important candidate genes and mutations for the immunity of pregnant sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ao
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xitong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China..
| | - Chuduan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China..
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28
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Low DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of healthy elderly individuals with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:483-486. [PMID: 30599400 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes and the frequencies of CD8+ T cells expressing CD25, CD28 and CD45ro in aged individuals with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio. Blood samples of elderly individuals (aged >65) with normal CD4:CD8 ratio (n = 8) and inverted CD4:CD8 ratio (n = 8) were collected to identify the expression of CD25+, CD28+ and CD45ro+ in CD8+ T cells. DNA damage index was evaluated by the alkaline comet assay which was performed in lymphocytes treated with different concentrations of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (control non-treatment, 2 × 10-5 M, 4 × 10-5 M) for 1, 2 or 24 h. Elderly individuals with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio presented low frequency of CD8+ CD28+. Moreover, low DNA damage was observed in lymphocytes of elderly with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio in different doses of MMS. Aged individuals with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio presented lower DNA damage events in peripheral lymphocytes, suggesting a resistance for cell death in T cells of individuals with immune risk profile.
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Araújo Carvalho AC, Tavares Mendes ML, Santos VS, Tanajura DM, Prado Nunes MA, Martins-Filho PRS. Association between human herpes virus seropositivity and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:145-152. [PMID: 30391341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to environmental factors. Several studies have examined the association between persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and poor clinical outcomes in the elderly, but the results are often contradictory. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the association between human herpesvirus seropositivity [CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)] and frailty in elderly people. Searches were performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Lilacs, IBECS, and Web of Science databases. We used the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of the association between herpesvirus infections and frailty. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Six studies were included in the present systematic review. The data from 2559 elderly subjects were analyzed; 1571 of the subjects had ages between 60 and 79 years, and 988 of the subjects were older than 80. We found an association between CMV seropositivity and frailty in the elderly aged 60-79 years (OR 2.33, CI 95% 1.48-3.67) but not in the oldest-old subjects (OR 0.67, CI 95% 0.42-1.05). Moreover, no association was found between EBV, VZV, and HSV infections and frailty. Current evidence suggests an association between CMV seropositivity and frailty in individuals aged 60-79 years old.
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30
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Liu W, Wu L, Zhang M, Zhao L. Effects of general anesthesia with combined epidural anesthesia on inflammatory response in patients with early-stage gastric cancer undergoing tumor resection. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:35-40. [PMID: 30651762 PMCID: PMC6307522 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of combined epidural and general anesthesia on gastric cancer patients undergoing tumor resection. A total of 107 patients with early-stage gastric cancer who underwent surgery between January 2014 and January 2017 were enrolled in the present study. All patients in the control group (n=54) were treated with general anesthesia, while patients in the observation group (n=53) were treated with combined epidural and general anesthesia. The percentages of viable T lymphocyte subsets and the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum were measured. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Compared with those in the control group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the observation group were increased, while the population of CD8+ cells was decreased. Furthermore, the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-8, hs-CRP and TNF-α in the observation group were reduced compared with those in the control group. In addition, the incidence of nausea and vomiting, as well as post-operative agitation were lower in the observation group compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, compared with general anesthesia, combined anesthesia inhibits the inflammatory response and improves immune function in early-stage gastric cancer patients undergoing tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field of Heilongjiang, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Longnan Hospital of Heilongjiang, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field of Heilongjiang, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field of Heilongjiang, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
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31
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Fan HJ, Xie ZP, Lu ZW, Tan ZB, Bi YM, Xie LP, Wu YT, Zhang WT, Liu-Kot K, Liu B, Zhou YC. Anti-inflammatory and immune response regulation of Si-Ni-San in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:1-10. [PMID: 29698775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a well-known decoction in traditional Chinese medicine. Although studies have indicated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of SNS and its components can account for their therapeutic effects, the role and mechanism of SNS in treating skin dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Atopic dermatitis (AD), a disorder known for its prevalence in infants and adults, severely influences the quality of life of affected patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immune response modulations of SNS in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dermatitis was induced in Kunming mice by the topical application of DNCB. SNS or dexamethasone (positive control) was topically applied every day over the course of the 21-day study. The following were assessed: dermatitis severity scores; ear and dorsal skin haematoxylin and eosin staining; interleukin (IL)- 1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine levels in the serum; spleen index; spleen CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio; and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs- p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)), IκB-α, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) in skin lesions. RESULTS SNS significantly alleviated the symptoms of AD-like lesions induced by DNCB, decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ear and dorsal tissues, suppressed the increased cytokine levels in the serum, reduced the CD4 + /CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio in the spleen, and downregulated the activation of MAPKs, IκB-α, and NF-κB (p65) in the dorsal skin. The effects were similar to those of dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS SNS alleviated the DNCB-induced AD-like skin dysfunction in mice through anti-inflammatory and immune system modulation, indicating that SNS shows potential for AD treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Ze-Ping Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zi-Wen Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Ling-Peng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Wen-Tong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Kevin Liu-Kot
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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32
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Ritzel RM, Doran SJ, Barrett JP, Henry RJ, Ma EL, Faden AI, Loane DJ. Chronic Alterations in Systemic Immune Function after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1419-1436. [PMID: 29421977 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a compelling link between severe brain trauma and immunosuppression in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although acute changes in the systemic immune compartment have been linked to outcome severity, the long-term consequences of TBI on systemic immune function are unknown. Here, adult male C57Bl/6 mice underwent moderate-level controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham surgery, and systemic immune function was evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days post-injury. Bone marrow, blood, thymus, and spleen were examined by flow cytometry to assess changes in immune composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic activity, and cytokine production. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from sham and 60-day CCI mice were cultured for immune challenge studies using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) models. Acutely, TBI caused robust bone marrow activation and neutrophilia. Neutrophils and monocytes exhibited impairments in respiratory burst, cytokine production, and phagocytosis; in contrast, ROS levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were chronically elevated at 60 days post-injury. Cultures of BMDMs from chronic CCI mice demonstrated defects in LPS- and IL-4-induced polarization when compared with stimulated BMDMs from sham mice. TBI also caused thymic involution, inverted CD4:CD8 ratios, chronic T lymphopenia, greater memory conversion, increased T cell activation, impaired interferon γ induction, and chronically elevated Th1 cytokine and ROS production. Collectively, our in-depth phenotypic and functional analyses demonstrate that TBI induces widespread suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses after TBI. Moreover, at chronic time points, TBI mice exhibit hallmarks of accelerated immune aging, displaying chronic deficits in systemic immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elise L Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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33
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Franzese O, Barbaccia ML, Bonmassar E, Graziani G. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Immunosenescence. Chemotherapy 2018; 63:64-75. [PMID: 29533947 DOI: 10.1159/000487534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy more than 2 decades ago, HIV-related deaths have dramatically decreased and HIV infection has become a chronic disease. Due to the inability of antiretroviral drugs to eradicate the virus, treatment of HIV infection requires a systemic lifelong therapy. However, even when successfully treated, HIV patients still show increased incidence of age-associated co-morbidities compared with uninfected individuals. Virus- induced immunosenescence, a process characterized by a progressive decline of immune system function, contributes to the premature ageing observed in HIV patients. Although antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved both the quality and length of patient lives, the life expectancy of treated patients is still shorter compared with that of uninfected individuals. In particular, while antiretroviral therapy can contrast some features of HIV-associated immunosenescence, several anti-HIV agents may themselves contribute to other aspects of immune ageing. Moreover, older HIV patients tend to have a worse immunological response to the antiviral therapy. In this review we will examine the available evidence on the role of antiretroviral therapy in the control of the main features regulating immunosenescence.
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34
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Waters S, Brook E, Lee S, Estiasari R, Ariyanto I, Price P. HIV patients, healthy aging and transplant recipients can reveal the hidden footprints of CMV. Clin Immunol 2017; 187:107-112. [PMID: 29108855 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus. Latent infections are common in all populations. However age-associated increases in levels of CMV-reactive antibody are testament to repeated reactivations and periods of viral replication. CMV has been associated with several diseases of aging, including vasculopathy and neurocognitive impairment. These conditions occur at a younger age in persons with particularly high burdens of CMV - transplant recipients and people living with HIV. Here we define the "clinical footprints" as immunopathologies triggered by CMV that develop over many years. A high burden of CMV also drives accumulation of multifunctional terminally-differentiated αβ T-cells, a novel population of Vδ2- γδ T-cells, and a population of CD56lo NK cells lacking a key regulatory molecule. An understanding of these "immunological footprints" of CMV may reveal how they collectively promote the "clinical footprints" of the virus. This is explored here in transplant recipients, HIV patients and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Waters
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Emily Brook
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Australia
| | - Riwanti Estiasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ibnu Ariyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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35
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Dowd JB, Bosch JA, Steptoe A, Jayabalasingham B, Lin J, Yolken R, Aiello AE. Persistent Herpesvirus Infections and Telomere Attrition Over 3 Years in the Whitehall II Cohort. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:565-572. [PMID: 28931225 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The determinants of telomere attrition, a potential marker of cellular aging, are not well understood. Persistent herpesvirus infections including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be particularly important for telomere dynamics via mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and their impact on peripheral blood lymphocyte composition. This study examined the association of 4 human herpesviruses (CMV, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpesvirus type 6, and Epstein-Barr virus) with change in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) over 3 years in 400 healthy individuals (aged 53-76 years) from the Whitehall II cohort. CMV, herpes simplex virus type 1, and human herpesvirus 6 infection were independently associated with greater 3-year LTL attrition, with no association found for Epstein-Barr virus. The magnitudes of these associations were large, for example, the equivalent of almost 12 years of chronological age for those CMV seropositive. Seropositivity to more herpesviruses was additively associated with greater LTL attrition (3 herpesviruses vs none, β = -0.07 and P = .02; 4 infections vs none, β = -0.14 and P < .001). Higher immunoglobulin G antibody levels among those seropositive to CMV were also associated with shorter LTL at follow-up. These associations were robust to adjustment for age, sex, employment grade, body mass index, and smoking status. These results suggest that exposure to infectious agents should be an important consideration in future studies of telomere dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, New York
| | - Jos A Bosch
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam.,Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bamini Jayabalasingham
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, New York
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert Yolken
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Continuous immunotypes describe human immune variation and predict diverse responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6097-E6106. [PMID: 28696306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705065114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system consists of many specialized cell populations that communicate with each other to achieve systemic immune responses. Our analyses of various measured immune cell population frequencies in healthy humans and their responses to diverse stimuli show that human immune variation is continuous in nature, rather than characterized by discrete groups of similar individuals. We show that the same three key combinations of immune cell population frequencies can define an individual's immunotype and predict a diverse set of functional responses to cytokine stimulation. We find that, even though interindividual variations in specific cell population frequencies can be large, unrelated individuals of younger age have more homogeneous immunotypes than older individuals. Across age groups, cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals displayed immunotypes characteristic of older individuals. The conceptual framework for defining immunotypes suggested by our results could guide the development of better therapies that appropriately modulate collective immunotypes, rather than individual immune components.
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37
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Makwana N, Foley B, Fernandez S, Lee S, Irish A, Pircher H, Price P. CMV drives the expansion of highly functional memory T cells expressing NK-cell receptors in renal transplant recipients. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1324-1334. [PMID: 28586095 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection encountered in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and may be reactivated without symptoms at any time post-transplant. We describe how active and latent CMV affect T-cell subsets in RTRs who are stable on maintenance therapy. T-cell responses to CMV were assessed in RTRs (n = 54) >2 years post-transplant, and healthy controls (n = 38). Seven RTRs had CMV DNA detectable in plasma. CMV antibody and DNA aligned with increased proportions of CD8+ T cells and reduced CD4/CD8 ratios. This paralleled an expansion of effector memory T-cell (TEM ), terminally differentiated T-cell (TEMRA ) and CD57+ TEMRA cell populations. Expression of NK-cell receptors, LIR-1 and KLRG1 on CD4+ and CD8+ CD57+ TEM and TEMRA cells correlated with elevated interferon-γ and cytotoxic responses to anti-CD3 and increased cytotoxic responses to CMV phosphoprotein (pp) 65 in RTRs who carried CMV DNA. CD8+ T cells from all CMV seropositive RTRs responded efficiently to CMV immediate early (IE) -1 peptides. The data show that latent and active CMV infection can alter T-cell subsets in RTRs many years after transplantation, and up-regulate T-cell expression of NK-cell receptors. This may enhance effector responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Makwana
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Microbiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ashley Irish
- Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Nephrology & Renal Transplantation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Price
- Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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38
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Pangrazzi L, Naismith E, Meryk A, Keller M, Jenewein B, Trieb K, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Increased IL-15 Production and Accumulation of Highly Differentiated CD8 + Effector/Memory T Cells in the Bone Marrow of Persons with Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:715. [PMID: 28674537 PMCID: PMC5474847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been described as a contributor to immunosenescence, thus exacerbating age-related diseases. In persons with latent CMV infection, the CD8+ T cell compartment is irreversibly changed, leading to the accumulation of highly differentiated virus-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood. The bone marrow (BM) has been shown to play a major role in the long-term survival of antigen-experienced T cells. Effector CD8+ T cells are preferentially maintained by the cytokine IL-15, the expression of which increases in old age. However, the impact of CMV on the phenotype of effector CD8+ T cells and on the production of T cell survival molecules in the BM is not yet known. We now show, using BM samples obtained from persons who underwent hip replacement surgery because of osteoarthrosis, that senescent CD8+ TEMRA cells with a bright expression of CD45RA and a high responsiveness to IL-15 accumulate in the BM of CMV-infected persons. A negative correlation was found between CMV antibody (Ab) titers in the serum and the expression of CD28 and IL-7Rα in CD8+ [Formula: see text] cells. Increased IL-15 mRNA levels were observed in the BM of CMV+ compared to CMV- persons, being particularly high in old seropositive individuals. In summary, our results indicate that a BM environment rich in IL-15 may play an important role in the maintenance of highly differentiated CD8+ T cells generated after CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Meryk
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Keller
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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An orthologous non-MHC locus in rats and mice is linked to CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proportion. Genes Immun 2017; 18:118-126. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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CD4 Count in HIV- Brain-Dead Donors: Insight into Donor Risk Assessment for HIV+ Donors. Transplantation 2017; 101:831-835. [PMID: 27748702 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Organ Policy Equity Act allows for transplantation of organs from HIV-infected individuals (HIV+), provided it is performed under a research protocol. The safety assessment of an organ for transplantation is an essential element of the donation process. The risk for HIV-associated opportunistic infections increases as circulating CD4+ lymphocytes decrease to less than 200 cells/μL; however, the numbers of circulating CD4+ cells in the HIV-negative (HIV-) brain-dead donor (BDD) is not known. METHODS Circulating T-lymphocyte subset profiles in conventional HIV- BDD were measured in 20 BDD in a clinical laboratory. RESULTS The mean age of the BDD cohort was 48.7 years, 95% were white and 45% were women. The average body mass index was 29.2 kg/m. Cerebrovascular accident (40%) was the most prevalent cause of death. Sixteen (80%) subjects had a CD4 count ≤441 cells/μL (lower limit of normal) and 11 (55%) had a CD4 count less than 200 cells/μL; 11 (55%) subjects had a CD8 count ≤125 cells/μL (lower limit of normal). CD4/CD8 ratio was below normal in 3 patients (normal, 1.4-2.6). No recipient had a recognized donor-associated adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes are commonly reduced after brain death in HIV- individuals. Thus, CD4 absolute numbers are an inconsistent metric for assessing organ donor risk, irrespective of HIV status.
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41
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The role of oxidative and inflammatory stress and persistent viral infections in immunosenescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 158:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Brunt SJ, Cysique LA, Lee S, Burrows S, Brew BJ, Price P. Short Communication: Do Cytomegalovirus Antibody Levels Associate with Age-Related Syndromes in HIV Patients Stable on Antiretroviral Therapy? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:567-72. [PMID: 26876416 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV(+) persons stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) face early onset of age-related diseases. This may arise from a high burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV). To address the role of CMV, we investigated univariate and multivariate associations between markers of systemic and endothelial inflammation, vascular damage, insulin resistance (IR), neurocognitive decline, and antibodies reactive with CMV. In this study, HIV(+) participants (n = 91) aged >45 years with <50 copies HIV RNA/ml plasma after >2 years on ART were assessed for cardiovascular risk (the D:A:D algorithm), type II diabetes (the HOMA-IR index), and neurocognitive performance. Blood samples were assayed for lipids, T cells, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein, CX3CL1, sTNF-R1, total immunoglobulin G (IgG), and antibodies reactive with CMV lysate, glycoprotein B, or immediate-early-1. Levels of antibodies detected with the three antigens were tightly correlated. Levels of CMV lysate antibody were higher in patients than in age-matched healthy controls and reflected their nadir CD4 T-cell count (p = .001), total IgG (p = .02), and age (p = .08). Levels of CMV lysate antibody correlated with D:A:D score (p = .04), neurocognitive performance (p = .045), and fasting insulin (p = .02). In multivariable analyses, some associations reflected the effect of age, but CMV lysate antibody and CD8 T-cell counts were significant predictors of the HOMA-IR index (R(2) = 0.09, p = .01) independent of age. We conclude that associations between levels of CMV antibodies, cardiovascular risk, and neurocognitive health in HIV(+) patients stable on ART are moderated by age-associated increases in response to CMV, while CMV antibodies may be independently linked with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Brunt
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Lucette A. Cysique
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St. Vincent's Applied Medical Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Australia
| | - Sally Burrows
- Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bruce J. Brew
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St. Vincent's Applied Medical Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neurology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Australia
- Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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CD4+/CD8+ ratio, age, and risk of serious noncommunicable diseases in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2016; 30:899-908. [PMID: 26959354 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been associated with immune senescence and low CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Age differences in the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs have not been described. DESIGN Observational cohort study. METHODS We assessed CD4/CD8 ratio and incident NCDs (cardiovascular, cancer, liver, and renal diseases) in HIV-infected adults started on antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012. Study inclusion began once patients maintained virologic suppression for 12 months (defined as baseline). We examined age and baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and used Cox proportional hazard models to assess baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs. RESULTS This study included 2006 patients. Low baseline CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with older age, male sex, and low CD4 lymphocyte counts. In models adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with age (P < 0.01). Among all patients, 182 had incident NCDs, including 46 with coronary artery disease (CAD) events. CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with risk of CAD events [adjusted HR per 0.1 increase in CD4/CD8 ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.99, P = 0.03]. This association was driven by those under age 50 years (adjusted HR 0.83 [0.70-0.97], P = 0.02) vs. those over age 50 years (adjusted HR = 0.96 [0.79-1.18], P = 0.71). CD4/CD8 ratio was not significantly associated with incident noncardiac NCDs. CONCLUSIONS Higher CD4/CD8 ratio after 1 year of HIV virologic suppression was independently predictive of decreased CAD risk, particularly among younger adults. Advanced immune senescence may contribute to CAD events in younger HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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44
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Muller GC, Gottlieb MGV, Luz Correa B, Gomes Filho I, Moresco RN, Bauer ME. The inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with gender-related changes in oxidative stress during aging. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:149-54. [PMID: 26051633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with increased generation of free radicals as well as immunosenescence. Previous studies have identified older individuals with inverted T CD4:CD8 cell ratio and increased immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Here, we investigated markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defences in older individuals with inverted CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio. Sixty-one subjects were identified with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio. Older individuals with a CD4:CD8 ratio <1 had increased levels of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), but reduced levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as compared to subjects with normal CD4:CD8 ratio. The CMV IgG serology was negatively correlated with CD4:CD8 ratio. These markers were more evident among elderly men than women. Our data suggest a close relationship between chronic CMV infection and oxidative profile in older individuals in the midst of its influence on the peripheral T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Cerutti Muller
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Health School, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruna Luz Correa
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irênio Gomes Filho
- Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology (IGG), PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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45
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Hovens IB, van Leeuwen BL, Nyakas C, Heineman E, van der Zee EA, Schoemaker RG. Prior infection exacerbates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R148-59. [PMID: 25972458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00002.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Older patients may experience persisting postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which is considered to largely depend on surgery-induced (neuro)inflammation. We hypothesize that inflammatory events before surgery could predispose patients to POCD. When part of our aged rats developed Mycoplasma pulmonis, this presented the unique opportunity to investigate whether a pulmonary infection before surgery influences surgery-induced neuroinflammation and POCD. Male 18-mo-old Wistar rats that had recovered from an active mycoplasma infection (infection) and control rats (healthy) were subjected to abdominal surgery and jugular vein catheterization under general anesthesia (surgery) or remained naïve (control). In postoperative week 2, behavioral tests were performed to assess cognitive performance and exploratory behavior. The acute systemic inflammatory response was investigated by measuring plasma IL-6 and IL-12. In the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum, microglial activity, neurogenesis, and concentrations of IL-6, IL-12, IL1B, and brain-derived neurotropic factor on postoperative day 14 were determined. Rats still showed signs of increased neuroinflammatory activity, as well as cognitive and behavioral changes, 3 wk after the symptoms of infection had subsided. Rats that had experienced infection before surgery exhibited a more generalized and exacerbated postoperative cognitive impairment compared with healthy surgery rats, as well as a prolonged increase in systemic cytokine levels and increased microglial activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that an infection before surgery under general anesthesia exacerbates POCD. Future studies are necessary to determine whether the found effects are aging specific and to investigate the magnitude and time course of this effect in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris B Hovens
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Behavioral Physiology Research Unite, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Health Science Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Heineman
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bauer ME, Wieck A, Petersen LE, Baptista TS. Neuroendocrine and viral correlates of premature immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1351:11-21. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés E. Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence; Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence; Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Laura E. Petersen
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence; Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Talita S.A. Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence; Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Brazil
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No strong correlations between serum cytokine levels, CMV serostatus and hand-grip strength in older subjects in the Berlin BASE-II cohort. Biogerontology 2015; 17:189-98. [PMID: 25906063 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hand-grip strength is strongly correlated with measures of muscle mass and can be taken to predict morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hand-grip strength and other markers associated with immune ageing, such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, leukocyte telomere length and serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in the elderly. We have assessed grip strength with the Smedley Dynamometer in younger (22-37 years) and older (60-85 years) men and women in a sample of people living in Berlin (the BASE-II study). Serum cytokine levels were determined by flow-cytometry, CMV serostatus via ELISA and leukocyte telomere length by quantitative PCR. IL-1β levels tended to be negatively associated with grip strength, but we did not find a significant association with IL-6 levels. CMV-seropositivity was not associated with higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF, nor with weaker grip strength in men or women at any age. A putative general measure of organismal ageing, overall leukocyte telomere length, was also found not to be associated with lower grip strength in the elderly. Hand-grip strength remains an important biomarker independent of CMV infection or shorter telomere lengths, and poorly reflected in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, all of which have been associated in some studies with frailty and mortality.
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