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Al-Juhani A, Alzahrani MJ, Abdullah A Z, Alnefaie AN, Alnowaisser LN, Alhadi W, Alghamdi JK, Bauthman MS. Neuroimaging and Brain-Based Markers Identifying Neurobiological Markers Associated With Criminal Behaviour, Personality Disorders, and Mental Health: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e58814. [PMID: 38784339 PMCID: PMC11113083 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We begin the review by pointing to the common stigma associated with mental health issues, which often derives from a lack of understanding or incomplete knowledge. Neurobiological research provides us with a new lens to help challenge and dispel common assumptions and misunderstandings and gives an understanding of sexual behaviours that influence society. As such, it generates substantial evidence for the structural and functional asymmetry of the brains of individuals with mental disorders. However, this type of representation poses many challenges to traditional thinking and constantly provokes change in perspective and empathy towards those individuals. In the review, we go deeper into the effects of neurobiological findings on understanding criminal behaviours and personality disorders, looking further beyond behavioural health. These problems, which were once mainly discussed as moral ones or viewed from the perspective of character flaws, are analysed today through neurological considerations pointing to their complexity. When the root of bipolar disorder is revealed to be neurological, society will react with more information and understanding, hence reducing the stigmatisation and discrimination meted out to people with these problems. At a macro level, findings from neurobiology affect society in ways that go beyond individuals; social attitudes, laws, and policies about the services rendered are influenced. Operating as a catalyst within the community, neurobiological research helps to initiate social change through the creation of an informed, understanding public forum. Thus, it creates broader value for those dealing with behavioural and mental health challenges. The first and most important question of this narrative review is focused on identifying identifiable neurobiological markers that are closely related to criminal conduct, personality disorders, and mental health disorders. Through this review, we aim to present detailed insights into the neurological foundations that anchor these phenomena via a narrative analysis of contemporary literature. The potential implications are finding problems early to apply specific treatment and learning an advanced strategy for social attitudes. This will promote a more humanistic approach based on adequate information on the behavioural and mental health issues involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wajd Alhadi
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | - Moayyad S Bauthman
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
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2
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Rojas Bernal LA, Santamaría García H, Castaño Pérez GA. Electrophysiological biomarkers in dual pathology. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 53:93-102. [PMID: 38677941 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The co-occurrence of substance use disorder with at least one other mental disorder is called dual pathology, which in turn is characterised by heterogeneous symptoms that are difficult to diagnose and have a poor response to treatment. For this reason, the identification and validation of biomarkers is necessary. Within this group, possible electroencephalographic biomarkers have been reported to be useful in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, both in neuropsychiatric conditions and in substance use disorders. This article aims to review the existing literature on electroencephalographic biomarkers in dual pathology. METHODS A narrative review of the literature. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, BIREME and Scielo databases, with the keywords: electrophysiological biomarker and substance use disorder, electrophysiological biomarker and mental disorders, biomarker and dual pathology, biomarker and substance use disorder, electroencephalography, and substance use disorder or comorbid mental disorder. RESULTS Given the greater amount of literature found in relation to electroencephalography as a biomarker of mental illness and substance use disorders, and the few articles found on dual pathology, the evidence is organised as a biomarker in psychiatry for the diagnosis and prediction of risk and as a biomarker for dual pathology. CONCLUSIONS Although the evidence is not conclusive, it suggests the existence of a subset of sites and mechanisms where the effects of psychoactive substances and the neurobiology of some mental disorders could overlap or interact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernando Santamaría García
- Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Fisiología, Universidad Pontificia Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Kim S, Cha J, Kim D, Park E. Understanding Mental Health Issues in Different Subdomains of Social Networking Services: Computational Analysis of Text-Based Reddit Posts. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e49074. [PMID: 38032730 PMCID: PMC10722371 DOI: 10.2196/49074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Users increasingly use social networking services (SNSs) to share their feelings and emotions. For those with mental disorders, SNSs can also be used to seek advice on mental health issues. One available SNS is Reddit, in which users can freely discuss such matters on relevant health diagnostic subreddits. OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyzed the distinctive linguistic characteristics in users' posts on specific mental disorder subreddits (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and mental health) and further validated their distinctiveness externally by comparing them with posts of subreddits not related to mental illness. We also confirmed that these differences in linguistic formulations can be learned through a machine learning process. METHODS Reddit posts uploaded by users were collected for our research. We used various statistical analysis methods in Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software, including 1-way ANOVA and subsequent post hoc tests, to see sentiment differences in various lexical features within mental health-related subreddits and against unrelated ones. We also applied 3 supervised and unsupervised clustering methods for both cases after extracting textual features from posts on each subreddit using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) to ensure that our data set is suitable for further machine learning or deep learning tasks. RESULTS We collected 3,133,509 posts of 919,722 Reddit users. The results using the data indicated that there are notable linguistic differences among the subreddits, consistent with the findings of prior research. The findings from LIWC analyses revealed that patients with each mental health issue show significantly different lexical and semantic patterns, such as word count or emotion, throughout their online social networking activities, with P<.001 for all cases. Furthermore, distinctive features of each subreddit group were successfully identified through supervised and unsupervised clustering methods, using the BERT embeddings extracted from textual posts. This distinctiveness was reflected in the Davies-Bouldin scores ranging from 0.222 to 0.397 and the silhouette scores ranging from 0.639 to 0.803 in the former case, with scores of 1.638 and 0.729, respectively, in the latter case. CONCLUSIONS By taking a multifaceted approach, analyzing textual posts related to mental health issues using statistical, natural language processing, and machine learning techniques, our approach provides insights into aspects of recent lexical usage and information about the linguistic characteristics of patients with specific mental health issues, which can inform clinicians about patients' mental health in diagnostic terms to aid online intervention. Our findings can further promote research areas involving linguistic analysis and machine learning approaches for patients with mental health issues by identifying and detecting mentally vulnerable groups of people online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyun Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeop Cha
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjae Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Park
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Teach Company, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ansarinasab S, Parastesh F, Ghassemi F, Rajagopal K, Jafari S, Ghosh D. Synchronization in functional brain networks of children suffering from ADHD based on Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal model. Comput Biol Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Gallina J, Zanon M, Mikulan E, Pietrelli M, Gambino S, Ibáñez A, Bertini C. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity after brain posterior lesions reflect the functionality of the visual system in hemianopic patients. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2939-2956. [PMID: 35585290 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role of the posterior cortices in regulating alpha oscillatory activity and organizing low-level processing in non-alpha frequency bands. Therefore, posterior brain lesions, which damage the neural circuits of the visual system, might affect functional connectivity patterns of brain rhythms. To test this hypothesis, eyes-closed resting state EEG signal was acquired from patients with hemianopia with left and right posterior lesions, patients without hemianopia with more anterior lesions and healthy controls. Left-lesioned hemianopics showed reduced intrahemispheric connectivity in the range of upper alpha only in the lesioned hemisphere, whereas right-lesioned hemianopics exhibited reduced intrahemispheric alpha connectivity in both hemispheres. In terms of network topology, these impairments were characterized by reduced local functional segregation, with no associated change in global functional integration. This suggests a crucial role of posterior cortices in promoting functional connectivity in the range of alpha. Right-lesioned hemianopics revealed also additional impairments in the theta range, with increased connectivity in this frequency band, characterized by both increased local segregated activity and decreased global integration. This indicates that lesions to right posterior cortices lead to stronger impairments in alpha connectivity and induce additional alterations in local and global low-level processing, suggesting a specialization of the right hemisphere in generating alpha oscillations and in coordinating complex interplays with lower frequency bands. Importantly, hemianopic patient's visual performance in the blind field was linked to alpha functional connectivity, corroborating the notion that alpha oscillatory patterns represent a biomarker of the integrity and the functioning of the underlying visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gallina
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Mikulan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Pietrelli
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, University of WI-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Silvia Gambino
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy. .,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Functional neuronal networks reveal emotional processing differences in children with ADHD. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:91-100. [PMID: 35126772 PMCID: PMC8807801 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that, in addition to inattention, excessive activity, or impulsivity, makes it difficult for children to process facial emotions and thus to interact with their peers. Here we analyze neuronal networks of children with this disorder by means of the phase-locking value (PLV) method. In particular, we determine the level of phase synchronization between 62 EEG channels of 22 healthy boys and 22 boys with ADHD, recorder whilst observing facial emotions of anger, happiness, neutrality, and sadness. We construct neuronal networks based on the gamma sub-band, which according to previous studies, shows the highest response to emotional stimuli. We find that the functional connectivity of the frontal and occipital lobes in the ADHD group is significantly (P-value < 0.01) higher than in the healthy group. More functional connectivity in these lobes shows more phase synchronization between the neurons of these brain regions, representing some problems in the brain emotional processing center in the ADHD group. The shortest path lengths in these lobes are also significantly (P-value < 0.01) higher in the ADHD group than in the healthy group. This result indicates less efficiency of information transmission and segregation in occipital and frontal lobes of ADHD neuronal networks, responsible for visual and emotional processing in the brain, respectively. We hope that our approach will help obtain further insights into ADHD with methods of network science.
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7
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Holker R, Susan S. Computer-Aided Diagnosis Framework for ADHD Detection Using Quantitative EEG. Brain Inform 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15037-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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8
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Ibanez A, Parra MA, Butler C. The Latin America and the Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD): From Networking to Research to Implementation Science. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S379-S394. [PMID: 33492297 PMCID: PMC8293660 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with other regions, dementia prevalence in Latin America is growing rapidly, along with the consequent clinical, social, and economic burden upon patients and their families. The combination of fragile health care systems, large social inequalities, and isolated clinical and research initiatives makes the coordination of efforts imperative. The Latin America and the Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) is a regional organization overseeing and promoting clinical and research activities on dementia. Here, we first provide an overview of the consortium, highlighting the antecedents and current mission. Then, we present the consortium’s regional research, including the multi-partner consortium to expand dementia research in Latin America (ReDLat), which aims to identify the unique genetic, social, and economic factors that drive Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia presentation in LAC relative to the US. We describe an extension of ReDLat which aims to develop affordable markers of disease subtype and severity using high density EEG. We introduce current initiatives promoting regional diagnosis, visibility, and capacity, including the forthcoming launch of the Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat). We discuss LAC-CD-led advances in brain health diplomacy, including an assessment of responses to the impact of COVID-19 on people with dementia and examining the knowledge of public policies among experts in the region. Finally, we present the current knowledge-to-action framework, which paves the way for a future regional action plan. Coordinated actions are crucial to forging strong regional bonds, supporting the implementation of regional dementia plans, improving health systems, and expanding research collaborations across Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario A Parra
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Butler
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Neurología, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Detecting network anomalies using Forman-Ricci curvature and a case study for human brain networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8121. [PMID: 33854129 PMCID: PMC8046810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze networks of functional correlations between brain regions to identify changes in their structure caused by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd). We express the task for finding changes as a network anomaly detection problem on temporal networks. We propose the use of a curvature measure based on the Forman–Ricci curvature, which expresses higher-order correlations among two connected nodes. Our theoretical result on comparing this Forman–Ricci curvature with another well-known notion of network curvature, namely the Ollivier–Ricci curvature, lends further justification to the assertions that these two notions of network curvatures are not well correlated and therefore one of these curvature measures cannot be used as an universal substitute for the other measure. Our experimental results indicate nine critical edges whose curvature differs dramatically in brains of adhd patients compared to healthy brains. The importance of these edges is supported by existing neuroscience evidence. We demonstrate that comparative analysis of curvature identifies changes that more traditional approaches, for example analysis of edge weights, would not be able to identify.
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10
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Ibanez A, Yokoyama JS, Possin KL, Matallana D, Lopera F, Nitrini R, Takada LT, Custodio N, Sosa Ortiz AL, Avila-Funes JA, Behrens MI, Slachevsky A, Myers RM, Cochran JN, Brusco LI, Bruno MA, Brucki SMD, Pina-Escudero SD, Okada de Oliveira M, Donnelly Kehoe P, Garcia AM, Cardona JF, Santamaria-Garcia H, Moguilner S, Duran-Aniotz C, Tagliazucchi E, Maito M, Longoria Ibarrola EM, Pintado-Caipa M, Godoy ME, Bakman V, Javandel S, Kosik KS, Valcour V, Miller BL. The Multi-Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat): Driving Multicentric Research and Implementation Science. Front Neurol 2021; 12:631722. [PMID: 33776890 PMCID: PMC7992978 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.631722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is becoming increasingly prevalent in Latin America, contrasting with stable or declining rates in North America and Europe. This scenario places unprecedented clinical, social, and economic burden upon patients, families, and health systems. The challenges prove particularly pressing for conditions with highly specific diagnostic and management demands, such as frontotemporal dementia. Here we introduce a research and networking initiative designed to tackle these ensuing hurdles, the Multi-partner consortium to expand dementia research in Latin America (ReDLat). First, we present ReDLat's regional research framework, aimed at identifying the unique genetic, social, and economic factors driving the presentation of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America relative to the US. We describe ongoing ReDLat studies in various fields and ongoing research extensions. Then, we introduce actions coordinated by ReDLat and the Latin America and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) to develop culturally appropriate diagnostic tools, regional visibility and capacity building, diplomatic coordination in local priority areas, and a knowledge-to-action framework toward a regional action plan. Together, these research and networking initiatives will help to establish strong cross-national bonds, support the implementation of regional dementia plans, enhance health systems' infrastructure, and increase translational research collaborations across the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Psychology, Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Adolfo Ibanez University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine L. Possin
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana Matallana
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Memory and Cognition Clinic, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonel T. Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Cognitive Neurology Center, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences, Lima, Perú
| | - Ana Luisa Sosa Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia MVS, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Avila-Funes
- Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Isabel Behrens
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Clínica Alemana Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Physiopathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard M. Myers
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | | | - Luis Ignacio Brusco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ALZAR – Alzheimer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin A. Bruno
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad Ciencias Médicas, Instituto Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Sonia M. D. Brucki
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Danielle Pina-Escudero
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricio Donnelly Kehoe
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Multimedia Signal Processing Group - Neuroimage Division, French-Argentine International Center for Information and Systems Sciences, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M. Garcia
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Memory and Cognition Clinic, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- School of Psychology, Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Adolfo Ibanez University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Maito
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maritza Pintado-Caipa
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Cognitive Neurology Center, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria Eugenia Godoy
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vera Bakman
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shireen Javandel
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Victor Valcour
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Kim S, Kim JS, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Yoo JH, Lee YJ, Shim SH. Altered cortical functional network in drug-naive adult male patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A resting-state electroencephalographic study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110056. [PMID: 32777325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the neurophysiology of adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Brain network analysis can yield important insights into the neuropathology in adult ADHD. The objective of this study was to investigate source-level cortical functional network using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD. Resting-state EEG was performed for 30 adult male patients with ADHD and 27 male healthy controls. Source-level weighted functional networks based on graph theory were evaluated, including strength, clustering coefficient (CC) and path length (PL) in six frequency bands. At the global level, strength (η2 = 0.167) and CC (η2 = 0.156) were lower while PL (η2 = 0.159) was higher for the high beta band in the ADHD patient group compared to healthy controls. At the nodal level, CCs of the high beta band were lower in the left middle temporal gyrus (η2 = 0.244), right inferior occipital cortex (η2 = 0.214), right posterior transverse collateral sulcus (η2 = 0.237), and right anterior occipital sulcus (η2 = 0.251) for the adult ADHD group. Furthermore, the nodal-level high beta band CCs of the left middle temporal gyrus and right anterior occipital sulcus were significantly negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms. The altered cortical functional network showed inefficient connectivity in the left middle temporal gyrus, belonging to the default mode network, the right inferior occipital cortex, belonging to the extrastriate visual resting state network, the right posterior transverse collateral sulcus, belonging to the visual network, and the anterior occipital sulcus, reflecting visual attention, which might affect the pathophysiology of ADHD. Taken together, these attenuated network inefficiencies in adult patients with ADHD may lead to suboptimal information processing and affect symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention and hyperactivity. Our findings should be further replicated using longitudinal study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Dini H, Farnaz Ghassemi, Sendi MSE. Investigation of Brain Functional Networks in Children Suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:733-750. [PMID: 32918647 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ADHD defects the recognition of facial emotions. This study assesses the neurophysiological differences between children with ADHD and matched healthy controls during a face emotional recognition task. The study also explores how brain connectivity is affected by ADHD. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded from 64 scalp electrodes. Event-related phase coherence (ERPCOH) method was applied to pre-processed signals, and functional connectivity between any pair of electrodes was computed in different frequency bands. A logistic regression (LR) classifier with elastic net regularization (ENR) was trained to classify ADHD and HC participants using the functional connectivity of frequency bands as a potential biomarker. Subsequently, the brain network is constructed using graph-theoretic techniques, and graph indices such as clustering coefficient (C) and shortest path length (L) were calculated. Significant intra-hemispheric and the inter-hemispheric discrepancy between ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups in the beta band was observed. The graph features indicate that the clustering coefficient is significantly higher in the ADHD group than that in the HC group. At the same time, the shortest path length is significantly lower in the beta band. ADHD's brain networks have a problem in transferring information among various neural regions, which can cause a deficiency in the processing of facial emotions. The beta band seems better to reflect the differences between ADHD and HC. The observed functional connectivity and graph differences could also be helpful in ADHD investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (TehranPolytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghassemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (TehranPolytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad S E Sendi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30308, Atlanta, USA
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13
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Ortega R, López V, Carrasco X, Escobar MJ, García AM, Parra MA, Aboitiz F. Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7771. [PMID: 32385310 PMCID: PMC7210977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) impairments in ADHD have been consistently reported along with deficits in attentional control. Yet, it is not clear which specific WM processes are affected in this condition. A deficient coupling between attention and WM has been reported. Nevertheless, most studies focus on the capacity to retain information rather than on the attention-dependent stages of encoding and retrieval. The current study uses a visual short-term memory binding task, measuring both behavioral and electrophysiological responses to characterize WM encoding, binding and retrieval comparing ADHD and non-ADHD matched adolescents. ADHD exhibited poorer accuracy and larger reaction times than non-ADHD on all conditions but especially when a change across encoding and test displays occurred. Binding manipulation affected equally both groups. Encoding P3 was larger in the non-ADHD group. Retrieval P3 discriminated change only in the non-ADHD group. Binding-dependent ERP modulations did not reveal group differences. Encoding and retrieval P3 were significantly correlated only in non-ADHD. These results suggest that while binding processes seem to be intact in ADHD, attention-related encoding and retrieval processes are compromised, resulting in a failure in the prioritization of relevant information. This new evidence can also inform recent theories of binding in visual WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ortega
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Carrasco
- Servicio de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Hospital de Niños Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Josefina Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo M García
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Facultad de psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Painold A, Faber PL, Reininghaus EZ, Mörkl S, Holl AK, Achermann P, Saletu B, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Anderer P, Dalkner N, Birner A, Bengesser S, Kapfhammer HP, Milz P. Reduced Brain Electric Activity and Functional Connectivity in Bipolar Euthymia: An sLORETA Source Localization Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:155-166. [PMID: 31845595 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419893472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic illness with a relapsing and remitting time course. Relapses are manic or depressive in nature and intermitted by euthymic states. During euthymic states, patients lack the criteria for a manic or depressive diagnosis, but still suffer from impaired cognitive functioning as indicated by difficulties in executive and language-related processing. The present study investigated whether these deficits are reflected by altered intracortical activity in or functional connectivity between brain regions involved in these processes such as the prefrontal and the temporal cortices. Vigilance-controlled resting state EEG of 13 euthymic BD patients and 13 healthy age- and sex-matched controls was analyzed. Head-surface EEG was recomputed into intracortical current density values in 8 frequency bands using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Intracortical current densities were averaged in 19 evenly distributed regions of interest (ROIs). Lagged coherences were computed between each pair of ROIs. Source activity and coherence measures between patients and controls were compared (paired t tests). Reductions in temporal cortex activity and in large-scale functional connectivity in patients compared to controls were observed. Activity reductions affected all 8 EEG frequency bands. Functional connectivity reductions affected the delta, theta, alpha-2, beta-2, and gamma band and involved but were not limited to prefrontal and temporal ROIs. The findings show reduced activation of the temporal cortex and reduced coordination between many brain regions in BD euthymia. These activation and connectivity changes may disturb the continuous frontotemporal information flow required for executive and language-related processing, which is impaired in euthymic BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Painold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal L Faber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna K Holl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Achermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Saletu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Anderer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia Milz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Functional EEG connectivity is a neuromarker for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 131:330-342. [PMID: 31506235 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered brain functional connectivity has been shown in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, relatively little is known about functional connectivity in adult ADHD, and how it is linked with the heritability of ADHD. METHODS We measured eyes-open and eyes-closed resting electroencephalography (EEG) from 38 adults with ADHD, 45 1st degree relatives of people with ADHD and 51 healthy controls. Functional connectivity among all scalp channels was calculated using a weighted phase lag index for delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands. A machine learning analysis using penalized linear regression was used to identify if connectivity features (10,080 connectivity pairs) could predict ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, we examined if EEG connectivity could accurately classify participants into ADHD, 1st degree relatives and/or control groups. RESULTS Hyperactive symptoms were best predicted by eyes-open EEG connectivity in delta, beta and gamma bands. Inattentive symptoms were predicted by eyes-open EEG connectivity in delta, alpha and gamma bands, and eyes-closed EEG connectivity in delta and gamma bands. EEG connectivity features did not reliably classify participants into groups. CONCLUSIONS EEG connectivity may represent a neuromarker for ADHD symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE EEG connectivity may help elucidate the neural basis of adult ADHD symptoms.
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16
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Hilger K, Fiebach CJ. ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks in a representative sample of healthy adults. Netw Neurosci 2019; 3:567-588. [PMID: 31089485 PMCID: PMC6497005 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant and often lifelong effects on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Influential neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to understanding variations in ADHD-related behaviors within the normal (i.e., clinically unaffected) adult population. In a large and representative sample, self-rated presence of ADHD symptoms varied widely; only 8 out of 291 participants scored in the clinical range. Subject-specific brain network graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data and revealed significant associations between (nonclinical) ADHD symptoms and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity. Effects were located in brain regions associated with multiple neuronal systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results are consistent with network perspectives of ADHD and provide further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions. More generally, our findings support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and contribute to a growing understanding of cognition as an emerging property of functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hilger
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian J. Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Alba G, Vila J, Rey B, Montoya P, Muñoz MÁ. The Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalography Functional Connectivity Variability Is Associated With Cognitive Flexibility. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:64. [PMID: 30858800 PMCID: PMC6397840 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovisceral integration model proposes a neuronal network that is related to heart rate activity and cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) and variability in electroencephalographic (EEG) functional connectivity in the resting state are related to cognitive flexibility. Thirty-eight right-handed students completed the CAMBIOS test, and their heart and EEG activity was recorded during 6 min in the resting state with their eyes open. We calculated correlations, partial correlations and multiple linear regressions among HRV indices, functional brain connectivity variability and CAMBIOS scores. Furthermore, the sample was divided into groups according to CAMBIOS performance, and one-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate group differences. Our results show direct and inverse correlations among cognitive flexibility, connectivity (positive and negative task networks) and heartbeat variability. Partial correlations and multiple linear regressions suggest that the relation between HRV and CAMBIOS performance is mediated by neuronal oscillations. ANOVA confirms that HRV and variability in functional brain connectivity is related to cognitive performance. In conclusion, the levels of brain signal variability might predict cognitive flexibility in a cognitive task, while HRV might predict cognitive flexibility only when it is mediated by neuronal oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Alba
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Vila
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rey
- Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Muñoz
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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18
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Mohan A, De Ridder D, Idiculla R, DSouza C, Vanneste S. Distress‐dependent temporal variability of regions encoding domain‐specific and domain‐general behavioral manifestations of phantom percepts. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1743-1764. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Mohan
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical SciencesSection of NeurosurgeryDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Rajith Idiculla
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas
| | - Clisha DSouza
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas
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19
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Nomi JS, Schettini E, Voorhies W, Bolt TS, Heller AS, Uddin LQ. Resting-State Brain Signal Variability in Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated With ADHD Symptom Severity in Children. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:90. [PMID: 29593515 PMCID: PMC5857584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical brain function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified using both task-activation and functional connectivity fMRI approaches. Recent work highlights the potential for another measure derived from functional neuroimaging data, brain signal variability, to reveal insights into clinical conditions. Higher brain signal variability has previously been linked with optimal behavioral performance. At present, little is known regarding the relationship between resting-state brain signal variability and ADHD symptom severity. The current study examined the relationship between a measure of moment-to-moment brain signal variability called mean-square successive difference (MSSD) and ADHD symptomatology in a group of children (7–12 years old) with (n = 40) and without (n = 30) a formal diagnosis of ADHD. A categorical analysis comparing subjects with and without a clinical diagnosis of ADHD showed no differences in MSSD between groups. A dimensional analysis revealed a positive relationship between MSSD and overall ADHD symptom severity and inattention across children with and without an ADHD diagnosis. Specifically, this positive relationship was found in medial prefrontal areas comprising the default mode network. These results demonstrate a link between intrinsic brain signal variability and ADHD symptom severity that cuts across diagnostic categories, and point to a locus of dysfunction consistent with previous neuroimaging literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Elana Schettini
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Willa Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Taylor S Bolt
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Aaron S Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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20
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García-Cordero I, Esteves S, Mikulan EP, Hesse E, Baglivo FH, Silva W, García MDC, Vaucheret E, Ciraolo C, García HS, Adolfi F, Pietto M, Herrera E, Legaz A, Manes F, García AM, Sigman M, Bekinschtein TA, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. Attention, in and Out: Scalp-Level and Intracranial EEG Correlates of Interoception and Exteroception. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:411. [PMID: 28769749 PMCID: PMC5515904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception, the monitoring of visceral signals, is often presumed to engage attentional mechanisms specifically devoted to inner bodily sensing. In fact, most standardized interoceptive tasks require directing attention to internal signals. However, most studies in the field have failed to compare attentional modulations between internally- and externally-driven processes, thus probing blind to the specificity of the former. Here we address this issue through a multidimensional approach combining behavioral measures, analyses of event-related potentials and functional connectivity via high-density electroencephalography, and intracranial recordings. In Study 1, 50 healthy volunteers performed a heartbeat detection task as we recorded modulations of the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) in three conditions: exteroception, basal interoception (also termed interoceptive accuracy), and post-feedback interoception (sometimes called interoceptive learning). In Study 2, to evaluate whether key interoceptive areas (posterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, and somatosensory cortex) were differentially modulated by externally- and internally-driven processes, we analyzed human intracranial recordings with depth electrodes in these regions. This unique technique provides a very fine grained spatio-temporal resolution compared to other techniques, such as EEG or fMRI. We found that both interoceptive conditions in Study 1 yielded greater HEP amplitudes than the exteroceptive one. In addition, connectivity analysis showed that post-feedback interoception, relative to basal interoception, involved enhanced long-distance connections linking frontal and posterior regions. Moreover, results from Study 2 showed a differentiation between oscillations during basal interoception (broadband: 35–110 Hz) and exteroception (1–35 Hz) in the insula, the amygdala, the somatosensory cortex, and the inferior frontal gyrus. In sum, this work provides convergent evidence for the specificity and dynamics of attentional mechanisms involved in interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira García-Cordero
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel P Mikulan
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio H Baglivo
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Silva
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Esteban Vaucheret
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Ciraolo
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernando S García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Memoria y Cognición IntellectusBogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Adolfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Pietto
- National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Unit of Applied Neurobiology, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad ICESICali, Colombia
| | - Agustina Legaz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Education, National University of CuyoMendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Universidad Torcuato Di TellaBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fısica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fısica de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tristán A Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Towards affordable biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia: A classification study via network's information sharing. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630492 PMCID: PMC5476568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective and affordable biomarkers for dementias is critical given the difficulty to achieve early diagnosis. In this sense, electroencephalographic (EEG) methods offer promising alternatives due to their low cost, portability, and growing robustness. Here, we relied on EEG signals and a novel information-sharing method to study resting-state connectivity in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and controls. To evaluate the specificity of our results, we also tested Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The classification power of the ensuing connectivity patterns was evaluated through a supervised classification algorithm (support vector machine). In addition, we compared the classification power yielded by (i) functional connectivity, (ii) relevant neuropsychological tests, and (iii) a combination of both. BvFTD patients exhibited a specific pattern of hypoconnectivity in mid-range frontotemporal links, which showed no alterations in AD patients. These functional connectivity alterations in bvFTD were replicated with a low-density EEG setting (20 electrodes). Moreover, while neuropsychological tests yielded acceptable discrimination between bvFTD and controls, the addition of connectivity results improved classification power. Finally, classification between bvFTD and AD patients was better when based on connectivity than on neuropsychological measures. Taken together, such findings underscore the relevance of EEG measures as potential biomarker signatures for clinical settings.
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22
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Cortical Representation of Pain and Touch: Evidence from Combined Functional Neuroimaging and Electrophysiology in Non-human Primates. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:165-177. [PMID: 28466257 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functional MRI studies in acute and various chronic pain conditions have revolutionized how we view pain, and have led to a new theory that complex multi-dimensional pain experience (sensory-discriminative, affective/motivational, and cognitive) is represented by concurrent activity in widely-distributed brain regions (termed a network or pain matrix). Despite these breakthrough discoveries, the specific functions proposed for these regions remain elusive, because detailed electrophysiological characterizations of these regions in the primate brain are lacking. To fill in this knowledge gap, we have studied the cortical areas around the central and lateral sulci of the non-human primate brain with combined submillimeter resolution functional imaging (optical imaging and fMRI) and intracranial electrophysiological recording. In this mini-review, I summarize and present data showing that the cortical circuitry engaged in nociceptive processing is much more complex than previously recognized. Electrophysiological evidence supports the engagement of a distinct nociceptive-processing network within SI (i.e., areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2), SII, and other areas along the lateral sulcus. Deafferentation caused by spinal cord injury profoundly alters the relationships between fMRI and electrophysiological signals. This finding has significant implications for using fMRI to study chronic pain conditions involving deafferentation in humans.
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23
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Maggioni E, Bianchi AM, Altamura AC, Soares JC, Brambilla P. The putative role of neuronal network synchronization as a potential biomarker for bipolar disorder: A review of EEG studies. J Affect Disord 2017; 212:167-170. [PMID: 28159382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impaired intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric communication play a major role in the pathophysiology and cognitive disturbances of bipolar disorder (BD). Brain connectivity in BD has been largely investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, which have found alterations in prefronto-limbic coupling. In contrast, evidence for functional neural circuitry abnormalities in BD is less consistent. Indeed, just a few studies employing the electroencephalographic (EEG) technique, enabling the exploration of oscillatory brain dynamics, addressed this issue. Therefore, in the present review we summarize the results from EEG studies examining connectivity in patients with BD, to further clarify the putative role of neuronal network synchronization as a potential biomarker of this disabling mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggioni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Bianchi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A C Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA.
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Gkigkitzis I, Haranas I, Kotsireas I. Biological Relevance of Network Architecture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 988:1-29. [PMID: 28971385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56246-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical representations of brain networks in neuroscience through the use of graph theory may be very useful for the understanding of neurological diseases and disorders and such an explanatory power is currently under intense investigation. Graph metrics are expected to vary across subjects and are likely to reflect behavioural and cognitive performances. The challenge is to set up a framework that can explain how behaviour, cognition, memory, and other brain properties can emerge through the combined interactions of neurons, ensembles of neurons, and larger-scale brain regions that make information transfer possible. "Hidden" graph theoretic properties in the construction of brain networks may limit or enhance brain functionality and may be representative of aspects of human psychology. As theorems emerge from simple mathematical properties of graphs, similarly, cognition and behaviour may emerge from the molecular, cellular and brain region substrate interactions. In this review report, we identify some studies in the current literature that have used graph theoretical metrics to extract neurobiological conclusions, we briefly discuss the link with the human connectome project as an effort to integrate human data that may aid the study of emergent patterns and we suggest a way to start categorizing diseases according to their brain network pathologies as these are measured by graph theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkigkitzis
- Department of Mathematics, East Carolina University, 124 Austin Building, East Fifth Street, Greenville, NC, 27858-4353, USA.
| | - Ioannis Haranas
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, Room N2078, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Ilias Kotsireas
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, Room N2078, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
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25
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Influencing connectivity and cross-frequency coupling by real-time source localized neurofeedback of the posterior cingulate cortex reduces tinnitus related distress. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 8:211-224. [PMID: 29888315 PMCID: PMC5991329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we are using source localized neurofeedback to moderate tinnitus related distress by influencing neural activity of the target region as well as the connectivity within the default network. Hypothesis We hypothesize that up-training alpha and down-training beta and gamma activity in the posterior cingulate cortex has a moderating effect on tinnitus related distress by influencing neural activity of the target region as well as the connectivity within the default network and other functionally connected brain areas. Methods Fifty-eight patients with chronic tinnitus were included in the study. Twenty-three tinnitus patients received neurofeedback training of the posterior cingulate cortex with the aim of up-training alpha and down-training beta and gamma activity, while 17 patients underwent training of the lingual gyrus as a control situation. A second control group consisted of 18 tinnitus patients on a waiting list for future tinnitus treatment. Results This study revealed that neurofeedback training of the posterior cingulate cortex results in a significant decrease of tinnitus related distress. No significant effect on neural activity of the target region could be obtained. However, functional and effectivity connectivity changes were demonstrated between remote brain regions or functional networks as well as by altering cross frequency coupling of the posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion This suggests that neurofeedback could remove the information, processed in beta and gamma, from the carrier wave, alpha, which transports the high frequency information and influences the salience attributed to the tinnitus sound. Based on the observation that much pathology is the result of an abnormal functional connectivity within and between neural networks various pathologies should be considered eligible candidates for the application of source localized EEG based neurofeedback training.
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Olbrich S, van Dinteren R, Arns M. Personalized Medicine: Review and Perspectives of Promising Baseline EEG Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:229-40. [PMID: 26901357 DOI: 10.1159/000437435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine in psychiatry is in need of biomarkers that resemble central nervous system function at the level of neuronal activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep or resting-state conditions and event-related potentials (ERPs) have not only been used to discriminate patients from healthy subjects, but also for the prediction of treatment outcome in various psychiatric diseases, yielding information about tailored therapy approaches for an individual. This review focuses on baseline EEG markers for two psychiatric conditions, namely major depressive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It covers potential biomarkers from EEG sleep research and vigilance regulation, paroxysmal EEG patterns and epileptiform discharges, quantitative EEG features within the EEG main frequency bands, connectivity markers and ERP components that might help to identify favourable treatment outcome. Further, the various markers are discussed in the context of their potential clinical value and as research domain criteria, before giving an outline for future studies that are needed to pave the way to an electrophysiological biomarker-based personalized medicine.
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A Simulation Framework for Benchmarking EEG-Based Brain Connectivity Estimation Methodologies. Brain Topogr 2016; 32:625-642. [PMID: 27255482 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high temporal resolution, electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to study functional and effective brain connectivity. Yet, there is currently a mismatch between the vastness of studies conducted and the degree to which the employed analyses are theoretically understood and empirically validated. We here provide a simulation framework that enables researchers to test their analysis pipelines on realistic pseudo-EEG data. We construct a minimal example of brain interaction, which we propose as a benchmark for assessing a methodology's general eligibility for EEG-based connectivity estimation. We envision that this benchmark be extended in a collaborative effort to validate methods in more complex scenarios. Quantitative metrics are defined to assess a method's performance in terms of source localization, connectivity detection and directionality estimation. All data and code needed for generating pseudo-EEG data, conducting source reconstruction and connectivity estimation using baseline methods from the literature, evaluating performance metrics, as well as plotting results, are made publicly available. While this article covers only EEG modeling, we will also provide a magnetoencephalography version of our framework online.
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28
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Alba G, Pereda E, Mañas S, Méndez LD, Duque MR, González A, González JJ. The variability of EEG functional connectivity of young ADHD subjects in different resting states. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1321-1330. [PMID: 26586514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Haufe S. An extendable simulation framework for benchmarking EEG-based brain connectivity estimation methodologies. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:7562-5. [PMID: 26738042 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high temporal resolution, electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising research tool for studying functional and effective brain interaction. Yet, it is rather uncommon for researchers to validate their connectivity estimation methodologies prior to applying them to real data, even though problems have been pointed out regarding the validity of some of the predominant approaches. We here provide an extendable simulation framework that enables researchers to test their analysis pipelines on customizable realistically simulated EEG data. We define three simple criteria to measure source localization, connectivity detection and directionality estimation performance. All data and code needed to generate pseudo-EEG data and to benchmark a method's estimation performance are provided.
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30
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Ardestani A, Shen W, Darvas F, Toga AW, Fuster JM. Modulation of Frontoparietal Neurovascular Dynamics in Working Memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 28:379-401. [PMID: 26679214 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our perception of the world is represented in widespread, overlapping, and interactive neuronal networks of the cerebral cortex. A majority of physiological studies on the subject have focused on oscillatory synchrony as the binding mechanism for representation and transmission of neural information. Little is known, however, about the stability of that synchrony during prolonged cognitive operations that span more than just a few seconds. The present research, in primates, investigated the dynamic patterns of oscillatory synchrony by two complementary recording methods, surface field potentials (SFPs) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The signals were first recorded during the resting state to examine intrinsic functional connectivity. The temporal modulation of coactivation was then examined on both signals during performance of working memory (WM) tasks with long delays (memory retention epochs). In both signals, the peristimulus period exhibited characteristic features in frontal and parietal regions. Examination of SFP signals over delays lasting tens of seconds, however, revealed alternations of synchronization and desynchronization. These alternations occurred within the same frequency bands observed in the peristimulus epoch, without a specific correspondence between any definite cognitive process (e.g., WM) and synchrony within a given frequency band. What emerged instead was a correlation between the degree of SFP signal fragmentation (in time, frequency, and brain space) and the complexity and efficiency of the task being performed. In other words, the incidence and extent of SFP transitions between synchronization and desynchronization-rather than the absolute degree of synchrony-augmented in correct task performance compared with incorrect performance or in a control task without WM demand. An opposite relationship was found in NIRS: increasing task complexity induced more uniform, rather than fragmented, NIRS coactivations. These findings indicate that the particular features of neural oscillations cannot be linearly mapped to cognitive functions. Rather, information and the cognitive operations performed on it are primarily reflected in their modulations over time. The increased complexity and fragmentation of electrical frequencies in WM may reflect the activation of hierarchically diverse cognits (cognitive networks) in that condition. Conversely, the homogeneity in coherence of NIRS responses may reflect the cumulative vascular reactions that accompany that neuroelectrical proliferation of frequencies and the longer time constant of the NIRS signal. These findings are directly relevant to the mechanisms mediating cognitive processes and to physiologically based interpretations of functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Ardestani
- University of California, Los Angeles.,Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wei Shen
- University of California, Los Angeles
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Alba G, Pereda E, Mañas S, Méndez LD, González A, González JJ. Electroencephalography signatures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical utility. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2755-69. [PMID: 26543369 PMCID: PMC4622521 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s51783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The techniques and the most important results on the use of electroencephalography (EEG) to extract different measures are reviewed in this work, which can be clinically useful to study subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, we discuss briefly and in simple terms the EEG analysis and processing techniques most used in the context of ADHD. We review techniques that both analyze individual EEG channels (univariate measures) and study the statistical interdependence between different EEG channels (multivariate measures), the so-called functional brain connectivity. Among the former ones, we review the classical indices of absolute and relative spectral power and estimations of the complexity of the channels, such as the approximate entropy and the Lempel-Ziv complexity. Among the latter ones, we focus on the magnitude square coherence and on different measures based on the concept of generalized synchronization and its estimation in the state space. Second, from a historical point of view, we present the most important results achieved with these techniques and their clinical utility (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) to diagnose ADHD. Finally, we propose future research lines based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Alba
- Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soledad Mañas
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital La Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Leopoldo D Méndez
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital La Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena González
- Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Julián J González
- Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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32
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Liu Q, Balsters JH, Baechinger M, van der Groen O, Wenderoth N, Mantini D. Estimating a neutral reference for electroencephalographic recordings: the importance of using a high-density montage and a realistic head model. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:056012. [PMID: 26305167 PMCID: PMC4719184 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/5/056012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective. In electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, the signal of each recording electrode is contrasted with a reference electrode or a combination of electrodes. The estimation of a neutral reference is a long-standing issue in EEG data analysis, which has motivated the proposal of different re-referencing methods, among which linked-mastoid re-referencing (LMR), average re-referencing (AR) and reference electrode standardization technique (REST). In this study we quantitatively assessed the extent to which the use of a high-density montage and a realistic head model can impact on the optimal estimation of a neutral reference for EEG recordings. Approach. Using simulated recordings generated by projecting specific source activity over the sensors, we assessed to what extent AR, REST and LMR may distort the scalp topography. We examined the impact electrode coverage has on AR and REST, and how accurate the REST reconstruction is for realistic and less realistic (three-layer and single-layer spherical) head models, and with possible uncertainty in the electrode positions. We assessed LMR, AR and REST also in the presence of typical EEG artifacts that are mixed in the recordings. Finally, we applied them to real EEG data collected in a target detection experiment to corroborate our findings on simulated data. Main results. Both AR and REST have relatively low reconstruction errors compared to LMR, and that REST is less sensitive than AR and LMR to artifacts mixed in the EEG data. For both AR and REST, high electrode density yields low re-referencing reconstruction errors. A realistic head model is critical for REST, leading to a more accurate estimate of a neutral reference compared to spherical head models. With a low-density montage, REST shows a more reliable reconstruction than AR either with a realistic or a three-layer spherical head model. Conversely, with a high-density montage AR yields better results unless precise information on electrode positions is available. Significance. Our study is the first to quantitatively assess the performance of EEG re-referencing techniques in relation to the use of a high-density montage and a realistic head model. We hope our study will help researchers in the choice of the most effective re-referencing approach for their EEG studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanying Liu
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
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Mowinckel AM, Pedersen ML, Eilertsen E, Biele G. A meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:355-67. [PMID: 25477020 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714558872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficient reward processing has gained attention as an important aspect of ADHD, but little is known about reward-based decision-making (DM) in adults with ADHD. This article summarizes research on DM in adult ADHD and contextualizes DM deficits by comparing them to attention deficits. METHOD Meta-analytic methods were used to calculate average effect sizes for different DM domains and continuous performance task (CPT) measures. RESULTS None of the 59 included studies (DM: 12 studies; CPT: 43; both: 4) had indications of publication bias. DM and CPT measures showed robust, small to medium effects. Large effect sizes were found for a drift diffusion model analysis of the CPT. CONCLUSION The results support the existence of DM deficits in adults with ADHD, which are of similar magnitude as attention deficits. These findings warrant further examination of DM in adults with ADHD to improve the understanding of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guido Biele
- University of Oslo, Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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34
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Sedeño L, Couto B, Melloni M, Canales-Johnson A, Yoris A, Baez S, Esteves S, Velásquez M, Barttfeld P, Sigman M, Kichic R, Chialvo D, Manes F, Bekinschtein TA, Ibanez A. How do you feel when you can't feel your body? Interoception, functional connectivity and emotional processing in depersonalization-derealization disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98769. [PMID: 24967634 PMCID: PMC4072534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DD) typically manifests as a disruption of body self-awareness. Interoception -defined as the cognitive processing of body signals- has been extensively considered as a key processing for body self-awareness. In consequence, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are systematic differences in interoception between a patient with DD and controls that might explain the disembodiment symptoms suffered in this disease. To assess interoception, we utilized a heartbeat detection task and measures of functional connectivity derived from fMRI networks in interoceptive/exteroceptivo/mind-wandering states. Additionally, we evaluated empathic abilities to test the association between interoception and emotional experience. The results showed patient's impaired performance in the heartbeat detection task when compared to controls. Furthermore, regarding functional connectivity, we found a lower global brain connectivity of the patient relative to controls only in the interoceptive state. He also presented a particular pattern of impairments in affective empathy. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental research that assesses the relationship between interoception and DD combining behavioral and neurobiological measures. Our results suggest that altered neural mechanisms and cognitive processes regarding body signaling might be engaged in DD phenomenology. Moreover, our study contributes experimental data to the comprehension of brain-body interactions and the emergence of self-awareness and emotional feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Blas Couto
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margherita Melloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Canales-Johnson
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrián Yoris
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Baez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Velásquez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Kichic
- Anxiety Clinic, INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante Chialvo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Ciencias, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tristan A. Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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35
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Ibanez A, Parra MA. Mapping memory binding onto the connectome's temporal dynamics: toward a combined biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:237. [PMID: 24795601 PMCID: PMC4001016 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Mario A Parra
- Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK ; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network Edinburgh, UK
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