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Adeniyi PA, Adeyelu TT, Shrestha A, Liu CC, Lee CC. Prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure alters prefrontal cortical gene expression and behavior in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1286872. [PMID: 38505323 PMCID: PMC10949922 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1286872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly abused psychostimulant that substantially impacts public health. Prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure alters gene expression, brain development, and behavior in the offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. To assess these adverse outcomes in the offspring, we employed a mouse model of prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure. Juvenile offspring were behaviorally assessed on the open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, and forced swim tests. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to explore potential alterations in prefrontal cortical gene expression. We found that methamphetamine-exposed mice exhibited decreased locomotor activity and impaired cognitive performance. In addition, differential expression of genes involved in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation were found with notable changes in dopaminergic signaling pathways. These data suggest potential neural and molecular mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-exposed behavioral changes. The altered expression of genes involved in dopaminergic signaling and synaptic plasticity highlights potential targets for therapeutic interventions for substance abuse disorders and related psychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tolulope T. Adeyelu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder in mammals: Sex differences in behavioral, biochemical, and transcriptional consequences. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 99:145-168. [PMID: 38467480 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the most commonly misused amphetamine-type stimulant throughout the globe. METH is very rewarding, and its misuse can lead to a diagnosis of METH use disorder (MUD). Although METH use is observed in both sexes, there are, however, reported differences in the clinical manifestations of METH use and its consequences. These observations indicate the need for more research on the long-term sex-dependent consequences of METH taking in both preclinical and clinical settings. In effect, sex is a biological variable that can impact conclusions drawn from various basic and clinical studies. Thus, the present chapter provides a succinct review of the current state of the research on METH and its sex-associated consequences. In addition to behavioral and cognitive aspects of METH use, we discuss METH-induced changes in neurotransmitter systems and structures in the brain. Thus, the book chapter serves to highlight the significance of sex as a critical element that needs to be considered during discussions of novel therapeutic approaches to MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Daiwile AP, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Sex differences in methamphetamine use disorder perused from pre-clinical and clinical studies: Potential therapeutic impacts. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104674. [PMID: 35452744 PMCID: PMC9119944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use, and misuse are associated with severe socioeconomic consequences. METH users develop tolerance, lose control over drug taking behaviors, and suffer frequent relapses even during treatment. The clinical course of METH use disorder is influenced by multifactorial METH-induced effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although these METH-induced consequences are observed in humans of all ages, races, and sexes, sexual dimorphism in these outcomes have been observed in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have provided a detailed presentation of the sex differences reported in human and animal studies. We have therefore presented data that identified the influences of sex on METH pharmacokinetics, METH-induced changes in behaviors, cognitive processes, structural changes in the brain, and the effects of the drug on neurotransmitter systems and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlighted the potential significance of sex as a critical variable that should be considered when planning the development of new pharmacotherapeutic approaches against MEH use disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Liang M, Zhu L, Wang R, Su H, Ma D, Wang H, Chen T. Methamphetamine Exposure in Adolescent Impairs Memory of Mice in Adulthood Accompanied by Changes in Neuroplasticity in the Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:892757. [PMID: 35656409 PMCID: PMC9152172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.892757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) has been shown to alter learning and memory by affecting the neuroplasticity of the dorsal hippocampus, a key structure that undergoes extensive remodeling during adolescence. In this study, we investigated whether mid-to-late adolescent exposure to METH leads to long-lasting memory impairment. To do this, adolescents (35–48 postnatal days) were exposed to different doses of METH for 14 days and then evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM), new object recognition test (NORT), and the Y-maze, to investigate the learning and memory abilities of mice in their adolescence and adulthood, respectively. We also detected the mRNA levels of genes associated with neuroplasticity in the dorsal hippocampus. The synaptic ultrastructure and the number of neurons and astrocytes in the dorsal hippocampus were also determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence (IF). Exposure to METH in mid-to-late adolescence impaired spatial memory retrieval ability and the long-term recognition memory of mice in their adulthood, but not in their adolescence. Of note, the impairment of memory capacity in adulthood was accompanied by molecular and structural changes in synapses in the dorsal hippocampus. Our results indicate that mice exposed to METH in mid-to-late adolescence have impaired memory ability in their adulthood; this may be the result of abnormal changes in the structural plasticity of the dorsal hippocampus; the causal relationship between changes in synaptic structural plasticity and memory impairment needs to be further confirmed. In summary, our study provides evidence for the detrimental consequences of adolescent addiction and the prevention of adolescent drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongliang Ma
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Teng Chen,
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Phillips TJ, Aldrich SJ. Peri-adolescent exposure to (meth)amphetamine in animal models. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:1-51. [PMID: 34801166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimentation with psychoactive drugs is often initiated in the peri-adolescent period, but knowledge of differences in the outcomes of peri-adolescent- vs adult-initiated exposure is incomplete. We consider the existing animal research in this area for (meth)amphetamines. Established for a number of phenotypes, is lower sensitivity of peri-adolescents than adults to acute effects of (meth)amphetamines, including neurotoxic effects of binge-level exposure. More variable are data for long-term consequences of peri-adolescent exposure on motivational and cognitive traits. Moreover, investigations often exclude an adult-initiated exposure group critical for answering questions about outcomes unique to peri-adolescent initiation. Despite this, it is clear from the animal research that (meth)amphetamine exposure during the peri-adolescent period, whether self- or other-administered, impacts brain motivational circuitry and cognitive function, and alters adult sensitivity to other drugs and natural rewards. Such consequences occurring in humans have the potential to predispose toward unfortunate and potentially disastrous family, social and livelihood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Phillips
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - S J Aldrich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Acute MDPV Binge Paradigm on Mice Emotional Behavior and Glial Signature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030271. [PMID: 33809599 PMCID: PMC8002122 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a widely available synthetic cathinone, is a popular substitute for classical controlled drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine (METH). Although MDPV poses public health risks, its neuropharmacological profile remains poorly explored. This study aimed to provide evidence on that direction. Accordingly, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a binge MDPV or METH regimen (four intraperitoneal injections every 2 h, 10 mg/kg). Locomotor, exploratory, and emotional behavior, in addition to striatal neurotoxicity and glial signature, were assessed within 18–24 h, a known time-window encompassing classical amphetamine dopaminergic neurotoxicity. MDPV resulted in unchanged locomotor activity (open field test) and emotional behavior (elevated plus maze, splash test, tail suspension test). Additionally, striatal TH (METH neurotoxicity hallmark), Iba-1 (microglia), GFAP (astrocyte), RAGE, and TLR2/4/7 (immune modulators) protein densities remained unchanged after MDPV-exposure. Expectedly, and in sheer contrast with MDPV, METH resulted in decrease general locomotor activity paralleled by a significant striatal TH depletion, astrogliosis, and microglia arborization alterations (Sholl analysis). This comparative study newly highlights that binge MDPV-exposure comes without evident behavioral, neurochemical, and glial changes at a time-point where METH-induced striatal neurotoxicity is clearly evident. Nevertheless, neuropharmacological MDPV signature needs further profiling at different time-points, regimens, and brain regions.
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The acute effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113186. [PMID: 33607162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant drug. Research has shown that the acute effects of MA can be modulated by age, although previous findings from our lab do not find age differences in the effects of MA. Relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent MA exposure; thus, it is important to understand how MA affects adolescent behavior and brain function compared to adults. In order to better understand the age differences in the effects of acute MA exposure, this research examined the effects of MA exposure on locomotor and anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to saline, 2 mg/kg MA, or 4 mg/kg MA and behavior was measured in the open field test. Immediately following behavioral testing, serum was collected, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured. MA-exposed mice showed increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior compared to saline controls, regardless of age and dose of MA. However, adolescent mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg), whereas the adult mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg). There were no differences in stereotyped behavior between the adolescent and adult mice exposed to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg) and the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg). There was no effect of MA exposure on plasma corticosterone levels. These data suggest age modulates the locomotor response to MA and further research is warranted to determine the developmental neurobiological mechanism underlying the dose-response age differences in the response to acute MA exposure.
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Ghazvini H, Tirgar F, Khodamoradi M, Akbarnejad Z, Rafaiee R, Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Asadi-Shekaari M, Esmaeilpour K, Sheibani V. Ovarian hormones prevent methamphetamine-induced anxiety-related behaviors and neuronal damage in ovariectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135652. [PMID: 33482310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) may cause long‒lasting neurotoxic effects and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects. In the current study, we aimed to examine the effects of estrogen and progesterone on anxiety‒like behavior and neuronal damage in METH‒exposed ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Three weeks after ovariectomy, the animals received estrogen (1 mg/kg, i.p.), or progesterone (8 mg/kg, i.p.), or estrogen plus progesterone (with the same doses), or vehicle during 7 consecutive days (days 22-28). On day 28, OVX rats were exposed to a single‒day METH regimen (6 mg/kg, four s.c. Injections, with 2 h interval) 30 min after the hormone treatment. The next day (on day 29), the animals were assessed for anxiety‒related behaviors using the open field and elevated plus‒maze tasks. The animals were then sacrificed and brain water content, cell apoptosis and expression of IL-1β were evaluated. The findings showed that treatment with estrogen or progesterone alone in METH‒exposed rats significantly improved hyperthermia, anxiety‒like behavior, neuronal damage, and inflammation in the CA1 area. Also, treatment with estrogen plus progesterone improved hyperthermia and brain edema. Taken together, the findings suggest that treatment with ovarian hormones can partially prevent hyperthermia and anxiety‒related behaviors induced by METH in OVX rats, which could be accompanied by their neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghazvini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tirgar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khodamoradi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Salmanzadeh H, Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Pachenari N, Azadi M, Halliwell RF, Rubino T, Azizi H. Adolescent drug exposure: A review of evidence for the development of persistent changes in brain function. Brain Res Bull 2020; 156:105-117. [PMID: 31926303 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, many studies have indicated that adolescence is a critical period of brain development and maturation. The refinement and maturation of the central nervous system over this prolonged period, however, makes the adolescent brain highly susceptible to perturbations from acute and chronic drug exposure. Here we review the preclinical literature addressing the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to common recreational drugs and drugs-of-abuse. These studies on adolescent exposure to alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cannabinoids and psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine, reveal a variety of long-lasting behavioral and neurobiological consequences. These agents can affect development of the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic dopamine pathways and modify the reward systems, socio-emotional processing and cognition. Other consequences include disruption in working memory, anxiety disorders and an increased risk of subsequent drug abuse in adult life. Although preventive and control policies are a valuable approach to reduce the detrimental effects of drugs-of-abuse on the adolescent brain, a more profound understanding of their neurobiological impact can lead to improved strategies for the treatment and attenuation of the detrimental neuropsychiatric sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Salmanzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; TJ Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | | | - Narges Pachenari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert F Halliwell
- TJ Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghavidel N, Khodagholi F, Ahmadiani A, Khosrowabadi R, Asadi S, Shams J. Frontocingulate Dysfunction Is Associated with Depression and Decreased Serum PON1 in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:489-499. [PMID: 32110023 PMCID: PMC7037144 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s237528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have been reported that frequent use of methamphetamine (MA) is associated with brain function impairment, mood disorders and excessive free radical production accompanied by the decreased level of the antioxidant response elements, but no study investigated their correlations simultaneously. In the current study, the correlation of brain function, depression and anxiety levels, and the serum levels of PON1 (an antioxidant) in MA-dependent patients were investigated. METHODS Nineteen active MA abusers and 18 control subjects performed color-word Stroop task during fMRI and the state of their depression, anxiety, and stress were measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire. Their blood samples were collected to measure the level of PON1 by the human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and its correlation with the measured variables was studied. RESULTS Analysis of fMRI findings showed frontocingulate dysfunction in Stroop effect condition, including left anterior cingulate cortex, paracingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole in MA-dependent patients, which was associated with a higher level of depression and decreased level of serum PON1 in these patients. DISCUSSION The results of the current study showed that MA-dependency is associated with frontocingulate dysfunction, decreased serum PON1 concentration, and increased depression/anxiety, which is worth to be more studied to elucidate their roles in the pathophysiology of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ghavidel
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Drug use among adolescents continues to be an area of concern because of the possibility of long-lasting physical and mental changes. The aim of this study was to determine whether methamphetamine exposure during adolescence results in long-lasting neurobehavioral alterations in adulthood. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with methamphetamine (4 mg/kg/day) during postnatal days 28-37. Once rats reached postnatal days 150, they were placed in standard operant chambers, where they were trained to respond to a lever for sucrose pellets, the experimental reinforcement. Methamphetamine exposure during adolescence did not result in a noteworthy impairment in the development of the correct lever touch response in the autoshaped learning test with 4 seconds delayed reinforcement. These rats were also tested for the motivation to obtain sucrose pellets under a progressive ratio schedule of the reinforcement on postnatal days 170. Decreased lever-pressing response was noted in male rats exposed to methamphetamine during adolescence, but not in female rats. These results indicate that methamphetamine exposure during adolescence results in a decrease in the motivation for a natural reinforcer later in adulthood, particularly in male rats. From our data, we suggest that male brains are less capable of facilitating recovery than female brains after methamphetamine-induced perturbation of brain function during the adolescent period.
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Keshavarzi S, Kermanshahi S, Karami L, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Sadr S. Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: The role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 2019; 72:74-84. [PMID: 30742852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a neuro-stimulant with neurodegenerative effects, and ambiguous mechanism of action. Metformin is an antidiabetic agent with neuroprotective properties but not fully understood mechanisms. The present study investigated the molecular basis of metformin neuroprotection against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration. BRIEF METHOD Sixty adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 (received normal saline), group 2 (received 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine) and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 [received methamphetamine (10 mg/kg) plus metformin (50, 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) respectively]. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT), Forced Swim Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) were used to assess the level of anxiety, depression and cognition in experimental animals. Also animals' hippocampus were isolated and oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters and expression of total and phosphorylated forms of cAMP response element binding (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins were evaluated by ELISA method. RESULTS According to the data obtained, methamphetamine caused significant depression, anxiety, motor activity disturbances and cognition impairment in experimental animals. Metformin, in all used doses, decreased methamphetamine induced behavioral disturbances. Also chronic administration of methamphetamine could increase malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β) in rats, while caused reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. Metformin, especially in high doses, could prevent these malicious effects of methamphetamine. Also Metformin could activate CREB (both forms), BDNF and Akt (both forms) proteins' expression and inhibited GSK3 (both forms) protein expression in methamphetamine treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE According to obtained data, metformin could protect the brain against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration probably by mediation of CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. These data suggested that CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways may have a critical role in methamphetamine induced neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotective effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Keshavarzi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Kermanshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadr
- Research and Development Department, Parsian-Exir-Aria pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
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Struntz KH, Siegel JA. Effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, corticosterone, and hippocampal tyrosine hydroxylase in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Godino A, Renard GM. Effects of alcohol and psychostimulants on the vasopressin system: behavioral implications. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12611. [PMID: 29802803 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by a compulsion to seek drugs, a loss of control with respect to drug consumption, and negative emotional states, including increased anxiety and irritability during withdrawal. Central vasopressin (AVP) and its receptors are involved in controlling social behavior, anxiety and reward, all of which are altered by drugs of abuse. Hypothalamic AVP neurons influence the stress response by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The extrahypothalamic AVP system, however, is commonly associated with social recognition, motivational and anxiety responses. The specific relationship between AVP and drugs of abuse has been rarely reviewed. Here, we provide an overview of the interaction between the brain AVP system and psychostimulants and alcohol. We focus on the effects of alcohol and psychostimulants on AVP regulation of the HPA axis, their effect on the brain AVP system and their behavioral implications, the influence of the AVP system on addictive behaviors, AVP's organizational effects on the brain and consequently on behavior, and we highlight clinical studies on the relation between the AVP system and drug addiction. Finally, we discuss the data to address areas that need further research to support clinical trials and prevent drug-related disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Godino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 389-5000, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdoba, Argentina
| | - Georgina M Renard
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Baker EP, Magnuson EC, Dahly AM, Siegel JA. The effects of enriched environment on the behavioral and corticosterone response to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult mice. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:664-673. [PMID: 29738077 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine alters behavior and the stress response system. Relatively little research has examined the effects of methamphetamine in adolescents and compared these effects to those in adults. Housing in enriched environments has been explored as one way to protect against the effects of methamphetamine, but the findings are conflicting and no study has examined how enriched environment may alter the behavioral and corticosterone responses to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult rodents. We examined the long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety, social behavior, behavioral despair, and corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult mice housed in enriched or isolated environments. Enriched environment did not alter the behavioral or corticosterone response to methamphetamine. Methamphetamine exposure decreased anxiety and increased behavioral despair in adult mice, but methamphetamine did not alter behavior in adolescent mice. There was no effect of methamphetamine on social behavior or corticosterone levels. Our findings demonstrate that the specific environmental enrichment paradigm used in this study was not sufficient to mitigate the behavioral effects of methamphetamine and that adolescent mice are relatively resistant to the effects of methamphetamine compared to adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Elliott C Magnuson
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ashley M Dahly
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Everett NA, McGregor IS, Baracz SJ, Cornish JL. The role of the vasopressin V1A receptor in oxytocin modulation of methamphetamine primed reinstatement. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Leitão RA, Sereno J, Castelhano JM, Gonçalves SI, Coelho-Santos V, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Castelo-Branco M, Silva AP. Aquaporin-4 as a New Target against Methamphetamine-Induced Brain Alterations: Focus on the Neurogliovascular Unit and Motivational Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2056-2069. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:78-85. [PMID: 28089854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure in the developing and adult brain can lead to behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits in adults. Previous increases in the rates of adolescent MA use necessitate that we understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of MA exposure during adolescence on the adolescent brain. Adolescents using MA exhibit high rates of nicotine (NIC) use, but the effects of concurrent MA and NIC in the adolescent brain have not been examined, and it is unknown if NIC mediates any of the effects of MA in the adolescent. In this study, the long-term effects of a neurotoxic dose of MA with or without NIC exposure during early adolescence (postnatal day 30-31) were examined later in adolescence (postnatal day 41-50) in male C57BL/6J mice. Effects on behavioral performance in the open field, Porsolt forced swim test, and conditioned place preference test, and cognitive performance in the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze were assessed. Additionally, the effects of MA and/or NIC on levels of microtubule associated-2 (MAP-2) protein in the nucleus accumbens and plasma corticosterone were examined. MA and NIC exposure during early adolescence separately decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, which was not seen following co-administration of MA/NIC. There was no significant effect of early adolescent MA and/or NIC exposure on the intensity of MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens or on plasma corticosterone levels. These results show that early adolescent MA and NIC exposure separately decrease anxiety-like behavior in the open field, and that concurrent MA and NIC exposure does not induce the same behavioral change as either drug alone.
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Rud MA, Do TN, Siegel JA. Effects of early adolescent methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior and corticosterone levels in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:257-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Compared with other illicit substances, stimulants are not commonly used by adolescents; however, they represent a serious concern regarding substance use among youths. This article uses methamphetamine as a model for stimulant use in adolescents; cocaine and prescription stimulants are also mentioned. Methamphetamine use among adolescents and young adults is a serious health concern with potentially long-term physical, cognitive, and psychiatric consequences. Brain development and the effects of misusing stimulants align such that usage in adolescents can more dangerous than during adulthood. It seems helpful to keep in mind the differences between adolescents and young adults when implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn M Park
- Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1356 Lusitana Street, 4th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - William F Haning
- Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1356 Lusitana Street, 4th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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21
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Dumais KM, Veenema AH. Vasopressin and oxytocin receptor systems in the brain: Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of social behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 40:1-23. [PMID: 25951955 PMCID: PMC4633405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptides vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) and their receptors in the brain are involved in the regulation of various social behaviors and have emerged as drug targets for the treatment of social dysfunction in several sex-biased neuropsychiatric disorders. Sex differences in the VP and OT systems may therefore be implicated in sex-specific regulation of healthy as well as impaired social behaviors. We begin this review by highlighting the sex differences, or lack of sex differences, in VP and OT synthesis in the brain. We then discuss the evidence showing the presence or absence of sex differences in VP and OT receptors in rodents and humans, as well as showing new data of sexually dimorphic V1a receptor binding in the rat brain. Importantly, we find that there is lack of comprehensive analysis of sex differences in these systems in common laboratory species, and we find that, when sex differences are present, they are highly brain region- and species-specific. Interestingly, VP system parameters (VP and V1aR) are typically higher in males, while sex differences in the OT system are not always in the same direction, often showing higher OT expression in females, but higher OT receptor expression in males. Furthermore, VP and OT receptor systems show distinct and largely non-overlapping expression in the rodent brain, which may cause these receptors to have either complementary or opposing functional roles in the sex-specific regulation of social behavior. Though still in need of further research, we close by discussing how manipulations of the VP and OT systems have given important insights into the involvement of these neuropeptide systems in the sex-specific regulation of social behavior in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Dumais
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Alexa H Veenema
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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Pirnia B, Givi F, Roshan R, Pirnia K, Soleimani AA. The cortisol level and its relationship with depression, stress and anxiety indices in chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients and normal individuals undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 30:395. [PMID: 27579281 PMCID: PMC5004567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulants addition and abuse can cause some functional and morphological changes in the normal function of glands and hormones. Methamphetamine as an addictive stimulant drug affects the Hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and consequently makes some changes in the psychological state of the drug users. The present study aims to examine the relationship between plasma levels of cortisol with depression, stress and anxiety symptoms in chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients and normal individuals who have undergone the inguinal hernia surgery. METHODS To meet the purpose of the study, 35 chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients in the active phase of drug abuse and 35 non-users (N=70) who were homogenized regarding the demographic features were purposefully selected from among the patients referred to undergo inguinal hernia surgery since March 15 to June 9, 2015. The participants were then divided into the control and experiment group. The changes in cortisol levels in plasma were measured using Radioimmunoassay (RIA) in three-time series including 0 (upon the induction of anesthesia), 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. Further, three behavioral indices of depression, anxiety and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and then the data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. RESULTS The plasma level of cortisol in the chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients (experiment group) had a significant increase in 24 hours after surgery (p<0.05). This study showed that cortisol levels in chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients were significantly higher than non-dependent patients in response to alarming events such as inguinal surgery. Changes in cortisol levels were intensified due to a confrontation with the phenomenon of pain and anxiety. In addition, depression index was higher in the chronic methamphetaminedependent patients than that in the non-dependent patients. However, there was no significant relationship between the cortisol level and depression index (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is considered as a key structure in the addiction to simulants, the reason which can explain the faster response of the chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients to the stressors such as surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Pirnia
- 1 PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. ,(Corresponding author) PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Givi
- 2 MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Rudehen Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasool Roshan
- 3 Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Pirnia
- 4 Internal Disease Specialist, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Soleimani
- 5 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Zuloaga DG, Jacobskind JS, Jacosbskind JS, Raber J. Methamphetamine and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:178. [PMID: 26074755 PMCID: PMC4444766 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (MA) induce significant alterations in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes in HPA axis function are associated with altered stress-related behaviors and might contribute to addictive processes such as relapse. In this mini-review we discuss acute and chronic effects of MA (adult and developmental exposure) on the HPA axis, including effects on HPA axis associated genes/proteins, brain regions, and behaviors such as anxiety and depression. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which MA affects the HPA axis may lead to more effective treatment strategies for MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Portland, OR, USA ; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Portland, OR, USA
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24
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Buck JM, Siegel JA. The effects of adolescent methamphetamine exposure. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:151. [PMID: 25972781 PMCID: PMC4413725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use among adolescents is a significant social and public health concern. Despite increased awareness of methamphetamine use among younger people, relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent methamphetamine use compared to adult use. Thus, much remains to be learned about how methamphetamine alters adolescent brain function and behavior. In this article we review recent trends in adolescent methamphetamine use and data examining the effects of adolescent methamphetamine use on the dopaminergic system and behavior in humans and animal models. Future research is warranted to expand our understanding of the effects of adolescent methamphetamine exposure and how those effects differ from those seen in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Department of Psychology, Sewanee: The University of the South Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, Sewanee: The University of the South Sewanee, TN, USA
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