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Mahmoodi Z, Rostami M, Bahrami G, Rasouli F, Ghavidel N. Predictor factors affecting emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged (6-12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:633. [PMID: 37644456 PMCID: PMC10466850 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prolonged outbreak of COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in the community, especially in children. Given that limited studies have been conducted on this vulnerable group in Iran, we conducted this study to determine the predictor factors affecting emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged (6-12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 322 mothers of elementary school-aged children (6-12 years) from April 21 to June 21, 2021, in Karaj, Alborz, Iran. Sociodemographic checklist, socioeconomic status scale (SES), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and the Rutter Children's Behavior Questionnaire (RCBQ) were used to evaluate the children's behavioral symptoms, the mental health of their mothers, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS In total, 17.7% of children (male = 27.0%, female = 11.7%) had behavioral problems. Results showed income (p-value = 0.007, 95%CI (-3.85- -0.607)), and physical activity of the child (p-value = 0.026, 95%CI (-1.03- -0.067)), were indirectly associated with children's behavioral symptoms. Having underlying disease (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (1.712-5.949)), breastfeeding (p-value = 0.027, 95%CI (0.335-5.61)), corona-related anxiety (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (0.158-0.318)), and DASS score (p-value = 0.00, 95%CI (0.149-0.334)) in the mothers, as well as male gender (p-value = 0.003, 95%CI (0.724-3.471)) were directly associated with children's behavioral symptoms. The most factors involved in the behavioral symptom score of children were corona-related anxiety (β = .298), DASS (β = 0.273), underlying disease of mothers (β = 0.163), income (β = -0.154), child's gender (β = 0.142) and physical activity (β = -0.101), and breastfeeding (β = 0.099) respectively. CONCLUSION Study findings showed that some factors affect the emotional and behavioral problems of school-aged (6-12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data may help future researchers and policymakers with early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahnoosh Rostami
- Health Systems Evaluation and Evidence, Provincial Clinical Excellence, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giti Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rasouli
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Mahmoodi Z, Bahrami G, Shahrestanaki E, Seddighi H, Ghavidel N. Clinical and Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Long COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Nurs Res 2023:10547738231177395. [PMID: 37264854 DOI: 10.1177/10547738231177395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the importance of long COVID-19 (LC), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical/sociodemographic factors and LC symptoms (LCS). This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 308 people infected with COVID-19 in Alborz, Iran, from April 1 to June 1, 2022. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to measure the association between the LCS with other variables. Overall, 76.6% of participants had at least one LCS. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females (crude odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.725 [1.42, 5.22]), educated persons (3.747 [1.58, 8.84]), people with a higher number of COVID-19 reinfection (2.280 [1.30, 3.97]), having an underlying disease (1.996 [1.01, 3.93]), and COVID-19 severity (3.321 [1.037, 10.635]) had higher odds of LC than others (all p < .05). Study findings provide additional clinical/sociodemographic data on risk for LC. These data may inform future research and clinical practice for potential risk identification and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Giti Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shahrestanaki
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Seddighi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Child & Family Welfare Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergencies, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Mahmoodi Z, Bahrami G, Ghavidel N, Seddighi H. The effect of social determinants of health on quality of life among Afghan refugees in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic: a path analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 36600233 PMCID: PMC9812534 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges in 2020 in the world and Iran. To help vulnerable groups such as refugees during the response and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the quality of life (QOL) and its associated factors is helpful. Considering that research in this field is limited, this study evaluated the effect of social determinants of health on the quality of life among Afghan refugees in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 300 Afghan refugees and migrants in Alborz province, Iran, from February to May 2022 using Convenience sampling. Data were completed using the socioeconomic status scale (SES), World Health Organization's quality of life -BREF (WHOQOL), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and COVID-19 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (COVID-PTSD). In addition, path analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships among the research variables with quality of life. RESULTS 64.3% of the study participants were male, with a mean of 29.29 ± 9.64 years. The path analysis showed that SES had the most positive relationship (B = .266), and the number of COVID-19 cases had the most negative relationship (B = -.169) with the quality of life from both paths. The self-rated health had the most positive relationship (B = .25), and the DASS score had the most negative relationship (B = -.2) with the quality of life through only one path. Access to medical services was the only variable that indirectly had a positive causal relationship with QOL (B = .044). CONCLUSION We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between quality of life and social determinants of health among Afghan refugees and migrants during the Covid19 pandemic. The negative emotional states of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) as a mediator play an essential role in the quality of life and other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Giti Bahrami
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Seddighi
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Unit of Child and Family Welfare, Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Aliverdi F, Bayat Jozani Z, Ghavidel N, Qorbani M, Mohammadian Khonsari N, Mohamadi F, Mohraz M, Mahmoodi Z. Relationships among COVID-19 phobia, health anxiety, and social relations in women living with HIV in Iran: A path analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275455. [PMID: 36194595 PMCID: PMC9531807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have caused fear and anxiety worldwide and imposed a significant physical and psychological burden on people, especially women living with HIV (WLHIV). However, WLHIV were not studied as well as others during the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to determine the relationships between COVID-19 phobia, health anxiety, and social relations in WLHIV. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 300 WLHIV who had records at the Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, the fear of COVID-19 scale, the social relations questionnaire, the socioeconomic status scale and the health anxiety inventory. Path-analysis was used to assess the direct and indirct associations between variables. Results Based on the path analysis, among variables that had significant causal relationships with social relations, socioeconomic status (β = -0.14) showed the greatest negative relationship, and health anxiety (β = 0.11) had the strongest positive relationship on the direct path. On the indirect path, fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.049) displayed the greatest positive relationship. The level of education (β = 0.29) was the only variable showing a significant positive relationship with social relations on both direct and indirect paths. Conclusion Our result showed that increased fear and health anxiety related to a higher social relations score in WLHIV. Hence, due to their vulnerability, these people require more support and education to adhere to health protocols in future pandemics and similar situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aliverdi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayat Jozani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (ZM)
| | | | - Farima Mohamadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (ZM)
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Mahmoodi Z, Yazdkhasti M, Rostami M, Ghavidel N. Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2549. [PMID: 35349774 PMCID: PMC9120719 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly using an SEM by gender differences. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 739 elderly people in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. Sociodemographic, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL90-R), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were applied to evaluate the relationships between happiness, mental health, and sociodemographic factors by using statistical path analysis with Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS-17. RESULTS Overall, 55.5% of the participants in the study were female. The SCL90 (p value = .000) and happiness (p value = .000) scores showed significant differences between men and women. Fit indices confirmed the high model fitness, desirability, and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model in both men (X2 = 3.2, df = 1) and women (X2 = 5.4, df = 2) groups. According to the path analysis, among the variables that affected happiness just through the direct path, education had the most positive causal relationship in men (B = .13) and women (B = .16), but mental health problems in men (B = -.33) and women (B = -.26), as well as the distance from home to the healthcare center in men (B = -.13) and women (B = -.11), had the most negative causal relationship with happiness respectively. Age was the only variable that was negatively related to happiness through direct and indirect paths in the women (B = -.188). CONCLUSION We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Mansoureh Yazdkhasti
- Non‐communicable Diseases Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- Dietary Supplements & Probiotic Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Mahnoosh Rostami
- Health Systems Evaluation & EvidenceProvincial Clinical ExcellenceAlberta Health ServicesAlbertaCanada
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
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Fasihi Harandi T, Mohamadloo A, Rahimzadeh M, Ghavidel N. Relationship between Social Determinants of Health and General Health Status of the Elderly in Alborz Province: Path Analysis. Ageing Int 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-020-09391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mahmoodi Z, Koshesh KJ, Almasi G, Pournajaf S, Rastad H, Ghavidel N. Association between Structural Determinants of Health and Posttraumatic
Stress Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CPRR 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082217666211207102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Psychological problems, such as post-traumatic stress
symptoms (PTSS), are among the most important complications associated with
the COVID-19 pandemic in people. Studying the social determinants of health (SDH)
and its impact on the populations during the crisis will help governments
deal better with health emergencies so that every person can have an equal opportunity
to stay healthy.
Objective:
To determine what factors affect PTSS, we conducted a study to investigate
the association between structural determinants of health and PTSS during
the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on 370 people referred to a selected
laboratory between June and July 2020 in Karaj province, Iran. Post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) 8-item inventory was used to evaluate the PTSS
and its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance in the participants.
Results:
Overall, 51.2% of participants were male, and 17.3% were positive for
the IgM or IgG COVID-19 test. The most common symptoms in these patients
were weakness, myalgia, cough, anosmia, and fever. The prevalence of total
PTSS, intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance symptoms were 7.1%, 25.7%,
41.6%, and 16.2%, respectively. In univariable regression analysis, female gender
(p-value=0.01, 95%CI (2.25-0.31)), un-employment (p-value=0.011, 95%CI
(0.37-2.81)), having symptoms of COVID-19 disease (p-value=0.000, 95%CI
(.82-2.75)), underlying chronic disease, were directly associated with PTSS.
Conclusion:
Results showed that sex and occupation as structural determinants
of health could affect PTSS in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in the multivariable
model, having symptoms of the COVID-19 disease and underlying disease
affected PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj,Iran
| | | | - Ghaffar Almasi
- Razi Pathobiology and Medical Genetic Laboratory, Karaj,Iran
| | - Safura Pournajaf
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
| | - Hadith Rastad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj,Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj,Iran
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Shaterian N, Alsadat Rahnemaei F, Ghavidel N, Abdi F. Elective cesarean section on maternal request without indication: reasons for it, and its advantages and disadvantages. Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 2021. [DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2020.11.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background Self-management behaviors can reduce the progression of an illness. Although various factors affect self-management, no study has been conducted on the self-management of tuberculosis (TB) through path analysis. Objectives This study evaluated the factors affecting self-management in TB patients using path analysis. Methods A cross-sectional study was done on 133 non-prisoner TB patients that referred to all health centers in Karaj, Iran, in 2017. A structured questionnaire was applied. Data were analyzed with SPSS-17 and Lisrel 8.8, utilizing statistical path analysis to evaluate the relationships between self-management and its related factors. Results Overall, 52.3% of the participants in the study were female and 47.7% were male. Respondents of were 46.9% smear-positive, 9.4% smear-negative, and 43.8% extra-pulmonary TB. Fit indices confirmed the model fitness and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model (χ2 = 49.80, df = 25). The final path model showed that age (β = 0.84), attitude (β = 0.10), marital status (β = 0.04), and house condition (β = 0.03) impact self-management through the direct path. Knowledge (β = 0.83) and education (β = 0.16) affect self-management through both direct and indirect paths. Education indirectly affects self-management through both knowledge and attitude. Knowledge indirectly impacts self-management through attitude. In other words, knowledge and attitude mediate the relationship between some factors and self-management. Conclusions This study provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between self-management and related factors in TB patients. The knowledge can be the target of interventions in support of self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Fasihi Harandi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zhila Sharifipour
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shaterian N, Abdi F, Ghavidel N, Alidost F. Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:624-639. [PMID: 33869784 PMCID: PMC8035494 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The delivery mode is one of the factors affecting the type of colonization of the human gut. Gut colonization affects all stages of the human life cycle, and the type of gut microbiome can contribute to immune system function, the development of some diseases, and brain development; and it has a significant impact on a newborn’s growth and development. Methods Terms defined as MeSH keywords were searched by the databases, and web search engines such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched between 2010 and 2020. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and seven eligible and high-quality studies were analyzed. Finding The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the first 3 months of life; Lactobacillus and Bacteroides during the second 3 months of life; Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the second 6 months of life; and Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus after the first year of life were higher in vaginal delivery-born infants. While infants born by cesarean section (CS) had higher abundances of Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the first 3 months of life, Enterococcus and Clostridium during the second 3 months of life, and Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus after the first year of life. Discussion Delivery mode can affect the type of the human intestinal microbiota. The CS-born babies had lower colonization rates of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, but they had higher colonization rates of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Given the effect of microbiota colonization on neonatal health, it is therefore recommended to conduct further studies in order to investigate the effect of the colonization on the delivery mode and on baby’s growth and development. Application to practice The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CS in the development of the neonatal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Shaterian
- Student Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzane Alidost
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghavidel N, Khodagholi F, Ahmadiani A, Khosrowabadi R, Asadi S, Shams J. Frontocingulate Dysfunction Is Associated with Depression and Decreased Serum PON1 in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:489-499. [PMID: 32110023 PMCID: PMC7037144 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s237528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have been reported that frequent use of methamphetamine (MA) is associated with brain function impairment, mood disorders and excessive free radical production accompanied by the decreased level of the antioxidant response elements, but no study investigated their correlations simultaneously. In the current study, the correlation of brain function, depression and anxiety levels, and the serum levels of PON1 (an antioxidant) in MA-dependent patients were investigated. METHODS Nineteen active MA abusers and 18 control subjects performed color-word Stroop task during fMRI and the state of their depression, anxiety, and stress were measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire. Their blood samples were collected to measure the level of PON1 by the human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and its correlation with the measured variables was studied. RESULTS Analysis of fMRI findings showed frontocingulate dysfunction in Stroop effect condition, including left anterior cingulate cortex, paracingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole in MA-dependent patients, which was associated with a higher level of depression and decreased level of serum PON1 in these patients. DISCUSSION The results of the current study showed that MA-dependency is associated with frontocingulate dysfunction, decreased serum PON1 concentration, and increased depression/anxiety, which is worth to be more studied to elucidate their roles in the pathophysiology of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ghavidel
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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