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Wang W, Volkow ND, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R. Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4548. [PMID: 38806481 PMCID: PMC11133479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are among the top causes of the global burden of disease, yet therapeutic interventions are limited. Reduced desire to drink in patients treated with semaglutide has raised interest regarding its potential therapeutic benefits for alcohol use disorders. In this retrospective cohort study of electronic health records of 83,825 patients with obesity, we show that semaglutide compared with other anti-obesity medications is associated with a 50%-56% lower risk for both the incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder for a 12-month follow-up period. Consistent reductions were seen for patients stratified by gender, age group, race and in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Similar findings are replicated in the study population with 598,803 patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings provide evidence of the potential benefit of semaglutide in AUD in real-world populations and call for further randomized clinicl trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wang
- Center for Science, Health, and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health, and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela B Davis
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C Kaelber
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Maddux JM, Gonzales L, Kregar NP. β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes mediate nicotine-induced enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned responding to an alcohol cue. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1004368. [PMCID: PMC9596985 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1004368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine enhances Pavlovian conditioned responses to reward-associated cues. We investigated through which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes nicotine acts to produce this behavioral effect to an alcohol-associated cue. Male Long-Evans rats with freely available food and water were first accustomed to drinking 15% ethanol in their home cages using an intermittent access, two-bottle choice procedure. Then the rats were given 15 Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which a 15-s audiovisual conditioned stimulus (CS) predicted the delivery of 0.2 ml of ethanol, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Each session contained 12 CS-US trials. A control group received explicitly unpaired presentations of the CS and US. We measured Pavlovian conditioned approach to the site of US delivery during presentations of the CS, accounting for pre-CS baseline activity. Before each conditioning session, rats were injected subcutaneously with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg). During nAChR antagonist test sessions, rats were first injected systemically with the β2*-selective nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHβE; 3 mg/kg) or the α7-selective nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 6 mg/kg), followed by their assigned nicotine or saline injection before assessing their conditioned response to the alcohol-associated cue. Consistent with previous reports, nicotine enhanced the Pavlovian conditioned response to the alcohol-paired cue. DHβE attenuated this enhancement, whereas MLA did not. These results suggest that nicotine acts via β2*, but not α7, nAChRs to amplify Pavlovian conditioned responding to an alcohol cue. These findings contribute to a growing literature that identifies nAChRs as potential targets for pharmacological treatment of co-morbid alcohol and tobacco use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Maddux
- Department of Psychology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jean-Marie Maddux
| | - Leslie Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, United States
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3
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Gerhardt S, Eidenmueller K, Hoffmann S, Bekier NK, Bach P, Hermann D, Koopmann A, Sommer WH, Kiefer F, Vollstädt-Klein S. A History of Childhood Maltreatment Has Substance- and Sex-Specific Effects on Craving During Treatment for Substance Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866019. [PMID: 35492729 PMCID: PMC9046680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to detrimental mental health outcomes, such as substance use disorders (SUD). This study examined prevalence and severity of all five types of CM with respect to specific substances and sex in treatment-seeking individuals with SUD. The influences of type of CM and symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress on substance craving at admission as well as craving reduction during SUD treatment were examined. METHODS N = 546 patients in treatment for SUD and N = 109 individuals in opioid maintenance treatment filled out questionnaires regarding CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and psychopathologies. Substance craving was assessed throughout treatment using the Mannheim Craving Scale. Group differences in CM, type of substance and sex were examined. General linear models were applied to examine influences on substance craving. RESULTS Higher prevalence and severity of all five subtypes of CM were observed in individuals with SUD compared to the general population. Women were more severely affected by emotional and sexual abuse than men. Patients with cannabis use disorder reported more severe experiences of emotional abuse compared to all other substances. Craving at admission to treatment was influenced by emotional abuse, however, symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress contributed to craving at admission or craving reduction during treatment. CONCLUSION CM relates to SUD and should be incorporated in prevention and treatment of SUD. Underlying mechanisms of the association might relate to impairments in processing and regulation of stress, emotions, and interpersonal relations following a history of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Eidenmueller
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina K Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Derik Hermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Therapieverbund Ludwigsmühle gGmbH, Landau, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bethania Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Berhe O, Gerhardt S, Schmahl C. Clinical Outcomes of Severe Forms of Early Social Stress. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 54:417-438. [PMID: 34628586 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early social stress, particularly severe but nevertheless frequent forms such as abuse and neglect, are among the major risk factors for the development of mental disorders. However, we only have very limited knowledge of the psychobiological disease mechanisms underlying the influence of early life stress and stress-related disorders during this vulnerable phase of life. Early stress can have long-lasting adverse effects on the brain and other somatic systems, e.g. through influences on brain development. In adulthood, the prior experience of abuse or neglect can result in complex clinical profiles. Besides conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders as well as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders (SUD) are among the most prevalent sequelae of early social stress. Current social stress further influences the development and maintenance of these disorders, e.g., by increasing the risk of relapses. In this chapter, we will first give an overview of currently used methods to assess the phenomenology and pathophysiology of stress-related disorders and then focus on the phenomenological and neurobiological background of the interaction between early social stress and SUD. We will give an overview of important insights from neuroimaging studies and will also highlight recent findings from studies using digital tools such as ecological momentary assessment or virtual reality to capture the influence of early social stress as well as current social stress in everyday life of persons with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Vonder Haar C, O'Hearn CM, Winstanley CA. Exposure to uncertainty mediates the effects of traumatic brain injury on probabilistic decision-making in rats. Brain Inj 2019; 34:140-148. [PMID: 31532706 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1669073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with numerous psychiatric comorbidities, and subclinical psychiatric symptoms. While many symptoms have been replicated in animal models of brain injury, a vast majority of studies utilize naïve rats as subjects, which fail to mimic the complex learning history of human patients.Methods and Procedures: In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a brain injury in animals with early exposure to uncertainty on post-injury decision-making in a probabilistic task, the rodent gambling task (RGT).Main Outcomes and Results: Exposure to uncertainty resulted in a heterogeneous sample relative to prior publications, and brain-injured rats showed no deficits in choice behavior compared to shams which contrasts with large, pervasive deficits in previously published work. However, TBI increased impulsivity and caused transient changes in behavioral variables indicative of initial motivational deficits (pellets earned, omitted responses). Notably, effects of amphetamine were similar on this heterogeneous sample of rats relative to a number of other published reports, suggesting consistent effects of gross monoaminergic manipulations on choice behavior, independent of experience.Conclusions: Going forward, translational studies need to consider the heterogeneity that exists at the clinical level and account for these problems when modeling diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M O'Hearn
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Henricks AM, Dwiel LL, Deveau NH, Simon AA, Ruiz-Jaquez MJ, Green AI, Doucette WT. Corticostriatal Oscillations Predict High vs. Low Drinkers in a Rat Model of Limited Access Alcohol Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31456669 PMCID: PMC6700217 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence, which is determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 13) were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able to predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Moreover, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p < 0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p > 0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Lucas L Dwiel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas H Deveau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amanda A Simon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Metztli J Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Alan I Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Wilder T Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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7
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Henricks AM, Dwiel LL, Deveau NH, Simon AA, Ruiz-Jaquez MJ, Green AI, Doucette WT. Corticostriatal Oscillations Predict High vs. Low Drinkers in a Rat Model of Limited Access Alcohol Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31456669 PMCID: PMC6700217 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence, which is determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able to predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Moreover, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p < 0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p > 0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Lucas L. Dwiel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Deveau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amanda A. Simon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Metztli J. Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Alan I. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Wilder T. Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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8
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Haeny AM, Littlefield AK, Wood PK, Sher KJ. Method effects of the relation between family history of alcoholism and parent reports of offspring impulsive behavior. Addict Behav 2018; 87:251-259. [PMID: 30096656 PMCID: PMC6148351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an extensive, albeit inconsistent, literature on the relation between parental alcoholism and offspring impulsive behavior. The reasons for this inconsistency are likely multiple but it seems probable that method effects due to different methodological approaches might explain some of the inconsistencies. Offspring behavior is typically assessed based on informant reports. However, no specific method has been demonstrated as optimal for analyzing informant reports, and conclusions may differ depending on the method used. The present study compared findings derived from a multi-informant method proposed by Bauer et al. (2013) to other structural equation models. Participants came from Wave 7 of the Alcohol, Health and Behavior study and included mother and father reports of offspring impulsive behavior on the Health and Behavior Questionnaire (Armstrong, Goldstein, & the MacArthur Working Group on Outcome Assessment, 2003). There were 368 offspring (50% female, age range 3-17 years, meanage = 6.78, SDage = 3.07) from 205 families. The multi-informant model and the single-reporter models each provided a good fit of the data; however, findings differed based on the approach employed. Specifically, the mother-only report model found that offspring with a family history of alcoholism (FHA) were more impulsive compared to offspring without a FHA; no effect of FHA was found in the other single-reporter models. Ratings of offspring impulsive behavior were higher on the father perspective factor suggesting alcoholic fathers were biased in their reports. These findings highlight the relation between FHA and impulsive behavior varies depending on the analytic method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Phillip K Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States
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9
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Capella MDM, Adan A. The age of onset of substance use is related to the coping strategies to deal with treatment in men with substance use disorder. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3660. [PMID: 28828257 PMCID: PMC5562142 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age of onset of substance use (OSU) as well as the coping strategies (CS) influence both the development and the course of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). We aim to examine the differences in the CS applied to deal with treatment in men with SUD, considering whether the age of OSU had begun at age 16 or earlier (OSU ≤ 16) or at 17 years or later (OSU ≥ 17), as well as the associations of the CS with clinical variables were studied. METHODS A total of 122 patients with at least three months of abstinence, 60 with OSU≤16 and 62 with OSU≥17, were evaluated through the Coping Strategies Inventory and clinical assessment tools. RESULTS The OSU≤16 patients were younger and presented a worse clinical state. Compared to the norms, the SUD patients were less likely to use adaptive CS, although this was more remarkable for the OSU≤16 group. Furthermore, the OSU≤16 patients presented a CS pattern of higher Disengagement, with lesser use of Social Support and higher Problem Avoidance and Social Withdrawal. In the whole SUD sample, the severity of addiction, number of relapses and age of OSU (as a continuous variable) were related to maladaptive coping. Nevertheless, the cut-off age of OSU modulated these results. CONCLUSIONS The OSU≤16 was a risk factor for presenting greater clinical severity and a more dysfunctional CS profile to deal with treatment. Thus, the cut-off age considered has allowed us to differentiate SUD patients with more vulnerability to present worse clinical prognosis who may require specific prevention and rehabilitation strategies discussed throughout this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Capella
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Bell RL, Hauser SR, Liang T, Sari Y, Maldonado-Devincci A, Rodd ZA. Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:201-243. [PMID: 28215999 PMCID: PMC5659204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present animal research models that can be used to screen and/or repurpose medications for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The focus will be on rats and in particular selectively bred rats. Brief introductions discuss various aspects of the clinical picture, which provide characteristics of individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) to model in animals. Following this, multiple selectively bred rat lines will be described and evaluated in the context of animal models used to screen medications to treat AUDs. Next, common behavioral tests for drug efficacy will be discussed particularly as they relate to stages in the addiction cycle. Tables highlighting studies that have tested the effects of compounds using the respective techniques are included. Wherever possible the Tables are organized chronologically in ascending order to describe changes in the focus of research on AUDs over time. In general, high ethanol-consuming selectively bred rats have been used to test a wide range of compounds. Older studies usually followed neurobiological findings in the selected lines that supported an association with a propensity for high ethanol intake. Most of these tests evaluated the compound's effects on the maintenance of ethanol drinking. Very few compounds have been tested during ethanol-seeking and/or relapse and fewer still have assessed their effects during the acquisition of AUDs. Overall, while a substantial number of neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory system targets have been assessed; the roles of sex- and age-of-animal, as well as the acquisition of AUDs, ethanol-seeking and relapse continue to be factors and behaviors needing further study. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Bell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, Department of Pharmacology, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Zachary A Rodd
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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11
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Hägele C, Strik W, Heinz A. Addiction as a learned behavior. Editorial. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 70:65-6. [PMID: 25359486 DOI: 10.1159/000364831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hägele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Kendler KS, Edwards AC, Gardner CO. Sex differences in the pathways to symptoms of alcohol use disorder: a study of opposite-sex twin pairs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:998-1007. [PMID: 25845269 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to develop an empirical, broad-based developmental model for sex differences in risk for symptoms of alcohol use disorders, here called alcohol problems (APs). METHODS We assessed 18 risk factors in 5 developmental tiers in both members of 1,377 opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs from the Virginia population-based twin registry. Analyses were conducted by structural modeling, examining within-pair differences. RESULTS The best-fitting model explained 73% of the variance in men and 71% in women for last year AP. Forty-nine percent of paths differed significantly across sexes. Ten variables had appreciably different predictive effects on AP in males versus females. Three were stronger in females: familial risk, early-onset anxiety disorders, and nicotine dependence. Seven predictors had a stronger total effect in males: novelty seeking, conduct disorder, childhood sexual abuse, parental loss, neuroticism, low self-esteem, and low marital satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS In a co-twin control design, which matches sisters and brothers on genetic and familial-environmental background, we found numerous sex differences in predictors of last year AP. Factors that were more prominent in men and in women were diverse, reflecting both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. The model was slightly more successful at predicting AP in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Charles O Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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