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Shi Y, Ye D, Cui K, Bai X, Fan M, Feng Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Huang J. Melatonin ameliorates retinal ganglion cell senescence and apoptosis in a SIRT1-dependent manner in an optic nerve injury model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167053. [PMID: 38325588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in exerting protective effects in aged-related and neurodegenerative diseases through a silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathway. However, little was known about the impact of melatonin on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) senescence and apoptosis following optic nerve crush (ONC). Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on RGC senescence and apoptosis after ONC and investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in this process. To study this, an ONC model was established. EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, was injected intraperitoneally into mice. And melatonin was administrated abdominally into mice after ONC every day. Hematoxylin & eosin staining, retina flat-mounts and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate the loss of retina cells/neurons. Pattern electroretinogram (p-ERG) was performed to evaluate the function of RGCs. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate protein expression. SA-β-gal staining was employed to detect senescent cells. The results demonstrated that melatonin partially rescued the expression of SIRT1 in RGC 3 days after ONC. Additionally, melatonin administration partly rescued the decreased RGC number and ganglion cell complex thickness observed 14 days after ONC. Melatonin also suppressed ONC-induced senescence and apoptosis index. Furthermore, p-ERG showed that melatonin improved the amplitude of P50, N95 and N95/P50 following ONC. Importantly, the protective effects of melatonin were reversed when EX-527 was administered. In summary, this study revealed that melatonin attenuated RGC senescence and apoptosis through a SIRT1-dependent pathway after ONC. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of RGC senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 201942, United States
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Sun L, Zheng X, Che Y, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jia L, Zhu Y, Lei W, Guo G, Shao C. Morphological changes in perisynaptic astrocytes induced by dopamine neuronal degeneration in the striatum of rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27637. [PMID: 38510046 PMCID: PMC10950654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The typical functionality of astrocytes was previously shown to be disrupted by Parkinson's disease (PD), which actively regulates synaptic neurotransmission. However, the morphological changes in astrocytes wrapping glutamatergic synapses in the striatum after dopamine (DA) neuronal degeneration is unclear. Methods We utilized a range of methodologies, encompassing the 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced PD model, as well as techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) to delve into the consequences of DA neuronal degeneration on the morphological attributes of perisynaptic astrocytes. Results Our findings demonstrated a notable rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) + astrocyte density and an upregulation in GFAP protein expression within the striatum due to DA neuronal degeneration, coincided with the enlargement, elongation, and thickening of astrocyte protuberances. However, the expression levels of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are related to glutamate-glutamine cycle, were significantly reduced. Double immunofluorescence and IEM results indicated that different proportions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1)+ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) + terminals were wrapped by astrocytes. Additionally, DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage and area of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminals wrapped by GFAP + astrocytes in the striatum. Furthermore, we noted that DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ axo-spinous synapses wrapped by astrocytes but had no effect on axo-dendritic synapses. Conclusion Hence, perisynaptic astrocytes wrapping striatal glutamatergic synapses exhibit substantial morphological and functional alterations following DA neuronal degeneration making them a potential target for therapeutic interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Che
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li WJ, Zhang X, Shen M, Liu HL, Ding LR. Sulforaphane alleviates the meiosis defects induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in mouse oocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114083. [PMID: 37783421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a mycotoxin commonly found in plants and fungi that has been linked to mammalian intoxication. Previously, we found 3-NP treatment exhibited reproductive toxicity by inducing oxidative stress in mouse ovary; however, the toxic effects of 3-NP on mouse oocyte maturation have not been investigated. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally bioactive phytocompound derived from cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to possess cytoprotective properties. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of 3-NP during mouse oocyte maturation and the protective effects of SFN on oocytes challenged with 3-NP. The results showed 3-NP had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on oocyte maturation, and SFN significantly alleviated the defects caused by 3-NP, including failed first polar body extrusion and abnormal spindle assembly. Furthermore, 3-NP caused abnormal mitochondrial distribution in oocytes and disrupted mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial depolarization, decreased ATP levels, and increased mitochondrial-derived ROS. Finally, 3-NP induced oxidative stress in oocytes, leading to increased apoptosis and autophagy, while SFN supplementation had significant cytoprotective effects on these damages. Collectively, our results provide insight on the mechanism of 3-NP toxicity in mouse oocytes and suggest the application of SFN may be a viable intervention strategy to mitigate 3-NP-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li-Ren Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Verma AK, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Therapeutic potential of melatonin and its derivatives in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:183-206. [PMID: 36550377 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increasing impairments in brain homeostasis and represents the main risk factor across most neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates mammalian chronobiology and endocrine functions is well known for its antioxidant potential, exhibiting both cytoprotective and chronobiotic abilities. Age-related decline of melatonin disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and cytosolic DNA-mediated inflammatory reactions in neurons is a major contributory factor in the emergence of neurological abnormalities. There is scattered literature on the possible use of melatonin against neurodegenerative mechanisms in the aging process and its associated diseases. We have searched PUBMED with many combinations of key words for available literature spanning two decades. Based on the vast number of experimental papers, we hereby review recent advancements concerning the potential impact of melatonin on cellular redox balance and mitochondrial dynamics in the context of neurodegeneration. Next, we discuss a broader explanation of the involvement of disrupted redox homeostasis in the pathophysiology of age-related diseases and its connection to circadian mechanisms. Our effort may result in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular and circadian regulatory mechanisms of melatonin to overcome neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, however, these findings need to be confirmed by larger, well-designed clinical trials. This review is also expected to uncover the associated molecular alterations in the aging brain and explain how melatonin-mediated circadian restoration of neuronal homeodynamics may increase healthy lifespan in age-related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah Medical Center - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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Kumar V, Singh C, Singh A. Neuroprotective Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Centella asiatica Against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's Like Symptoms in Adult Zebrafish. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:260-274. [PMID: 36150031 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) causes increased reactive oxygen species production and neuroinflammation. Centella asiatica (CA) is a strong antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of C. asiatica (HA-CA) on 3-NP-induced HD in adult zebrafish. Adult zebrafish (∼5-6 months old) weighing 470 to 530 mg was used and treated with 3-NP (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]). The animals received HA-CA (80 and 100 mg/L) daily for up to 28 days in water. Tetrabenazine (3 mg/kg i.p.) was used as a standard drug. We have done an open field test (for locomotor activity), a novel tank diving test (for anxiety), and a light and dark tank test (for memory), followed by biochemical analysis (acetyl-cholinesterase [AchEs], nitrite, lipid peroxidation [LPO], and glutathione [GSH]) and histopathology to further confirm memory dysfunctions. 3-NP-treated zebrafish exhibit reductions in body weight, progressive neuronal damage, cognition, and locomotor activity. The HA-CA group significantly reduced the 3-NP-induced increase in LPO, AchEs, and nitrite levels while decreasing GSH levels. Oral administration of HA-CA (80 or 100 mg/L) significantly reduces 3-NP-induced changes in body weight and behaviors, in addition to neuroinflammation in the brain by lowering tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels. Moreover, HA-CA significantly decreases the 3-NP-induced neuronal damage in the brain. HA-CA ameliorates neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral deficits in 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
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Zheng X, Sun L, Liu B, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Chen T, Jia L, Li Y, Lei W. Morphological Study of the Cortical and Thalamic Glutamatergic Synaptic Inputs of Striatal Parvalbumin Interneurons in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1659-1673. [PMID: 33770320 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-immunoreactive (Parv+) interneurons is an important component of striatal GABAergic microcircuits, which receive excitatory inputs from the cortex and thalamus, and then target striatal projection neurons. The present study aimed to examine ultrastructural synaptic connection features of Parv+ neruons with cortical and thalamic input, and striatal projection neurons by using immuno-electron microscopy (immuno-EM) and immunofluorescence techniques. Our results showed that both Parv+ somas and dendrites received numerous asymmetric synaptic inputs, and Parv+ terminals formed symmetric synapses with Parv- somas, dendrites and spine bases. Most interestingly, spine bases targeted by Parv+ terminals simultaneously received excitatory inputs at their heads. Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex (M1) induced higher proportion of striatal Parv+ neurons express c-Jun than stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus (PFN), and indicated that cortical- and thalamic-inputs differentially modulate Parv+ neurons. Consistent with that, both Parv + soma and dendrites received more VGlut1+ than VGlut2+ terminals. However, the proportion of VGlut1+ terminal targeting onto Parv+ proximal and distal dendrites was not different, but VGlut2+ terminals tended to target Parv+ somas and proximal dendrites than distal dendrites. These functional and morphological results suggested excitatory cortical and thalamic glutamatergic inputs differently modulate Parv+ interneurons, which provided inhibition inputs onto striatal projection neurons. To maintain the balance between the cortex and thalamus onto Parv+ interneurons may be an important therapeutic target for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Albazal A, Delshad AA, Roghani M. Melatonin reverses cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in the rat through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 112:101902. [PMID: 33276072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to attentional deficits and cognition deterioration. The neurohormone melatonin is an endogenous synchronizer of circadian rhythms with multiple protective properties. This research was designed to assess its effect against learning and memory decline in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were assigned to control, melatonin-treated control, diabetic, and melatonin-treated diabetic groups. Melatonin was administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 47 days. Treatment of diabetic rats with melatonin reversed decline of spatial recognition memory in Y maze, performance of rats in novel object discrimination, and retention and recall in passive avoidance tasks. Furthermore, melatonin appropriately attenuated hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) with no significant effect on nitrite, glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity. Besides, hippocampal level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) decreased following melatonin treatment. There was also a reduction of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of hippocampal CA1 area in diabetic group that was significantly alleviated upon melatonin treatment. Melatonin could ameliorate learning and memory disturbances in diabetic rats through mitigation of cholinesterase activity, astrocytes, oxidative stress and inflammation and also via upregulation of some antioxidants in addition to its prevention of dendritic spine loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Albazal
- School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081158. [PMID: 32784556 PMCID: PMC7464852 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most common cause of death and characterized by progressive impairments in movement or mental functioning in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevention of neurodegenerative disorders has become an emerging public health challenge for our society. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has various physiological functions in the brain, including regulating circadian rhythms, clearing free radicals, inhibiting biomolecular oxidation, and suppressing neuroinflammation. Cumulative evidence indicates that melatonin has a wide range of neuroprotective roles by regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, melatonin levels are decreased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation, molecular mechanisms and biological functions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the clinical application of melatonin in neurodegenerative disorders. This information will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of melatonin in the brain and provide therapeutic options for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
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Zhu Y, Liu B, Zheng X, Wu J, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Lei W. Partial decortication ameliorates dopamine depletion‑induced striatal neuron lesions in rats. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1414-1424. [PMID: 31364729 PMCID: PMC6713435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between glutamate (cortex and thalamus) and dopamine (substantia nigra) inputs on striatal neurons is of vital importance. Dopamine deficiency, which breaks this balance and leads to the domination of cortical glutamatergic inputs, plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact impact on striatal neurons has not been fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the influence of corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs on striatal neurons after decortication due to dopamine depletion in rats. 6-Hydroxydopamine was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle to induce dopamine depletion, and/or ibotenic acid into the primary motor cortex to induce decortication. Subsequently, the grip strength test and Morris water maze task indicated that decortication significantly shortened the hang time and the latency that had been increased in the rats subjected to dopamine depletion. Golgi staining and electron microscopy analysis showed that the total dendritic length and dendritic spine density of the striatal neurons were decreased in the dopamine-depleted rats, whereas decortication alleviated this damage. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that decortication decreased the number of caspase-3-positive neurons in the dopamine-depleted rats. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses showed that decortication offset the upregulation of caspase-3 at both the protein and mRNA levels in the dopamine-depleted rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a relative excess of cortical glutamate inputs had a substantial impact on the pathological processes of striatal neuron lesions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Periodical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jia L, Li Y, Lei W. Increase in Glutamatergic Terminals in the Striatum Following Dopamine Depletion in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1079-1089. [PMID: 30715657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuron degeneration is known to give rise to dendrite injury and spine loss of striatal neurons, however, changes of intrastriatal glutamatergic terminals and their synapses after 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced dopamine (DA)-depletion remains controversial. To confirm the effect of striatal DA-depletion on the morphology and protein levels of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic terminals and synapses, immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscope (EM), western blotting techniques were performed on Parkinson's disease rat models in this study. The experimental results of this study showed that: (1) 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion resulted in a remarkable increase of Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) + and Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2)+ terminal densities at both the light microscope (LM) and EM levels, and VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminal sizes were shown to be enlarged by immuno-EM; (2) Striatal DA-depletion resulted in a decrease in both the total and axospinous terminal fractions of VGlut1+ terminals, but the axodendritic terminal fraction was not significantly different from the control group. However, total, axospinous and axodendritic terminal fractions for VGlut2+ terminals declined significantly after striatal DA-depletion. (3) Western blotting data showed that striatal DA-depletion up-regulated the expression levels of the VGlut1 and VGlut2 proteins. These results suggest that 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion affects corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic synaptic inputs, which are involved in the pathological process of striatal neuron injury induced by DA-depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Peraza AV, Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Olguín HJ, Silva ML, Tapia BJ, Mejía GB. Riboflavin and pyridoxine restore dopamine levels and reduce oxidative stress in brain of rats. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:71. [PMID: 30413185 PMCID: PMC6230234 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also affect the dopaminergic system. The aim of this work was to determine if riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6) provide protection to the brain against free radicals generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) by measuring the levels of dopamine (DA) and selected oxidative stress markers. METHODS Male Fisher rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9%); group 2, 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 3, B2 (10 mg/kg); group 4, B2 (10 mg/kg) + 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 5, B6 (10 mg/kg) and group 6, B6 + 3-NPA. All treatments were administered every 24 h for 5 days by intraperitoneal route. After sacrifice, the brain was obtained to measure DA, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATPase and H2O2. MAIN FINDINGS Levels of dopamine increased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received 3-NPA alone. The lipid peroxidation increased in cortex, striatum, and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, of animals treated with B2 vitamin alone. ATPase dependent on Ca+2, Mg+2 and H2O2 increased in all regions of animals that received 3-NPA alone. CONCLUSION The results confirm the capacity of 3-NPA to generate oxidative stress. Besides, the study suggests that B2 or B6 vitamins restored the levels of DA and reduced oxidative stress in brain of rats. We believe that these results would help in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Lindoro Silva
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belén Juárez Tapia
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Barragán Mejía
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Zheng X, Wu J, Zhu Y, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Wei J, Li Y, Lei W. A Comparative study for striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons to DA depletion-induced lesion in a PD rat model. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:14-22. [PMID: 29674121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-direct and -indirect Pathway Neurons showed different vulnerability in basal ganglia disorders. Therefore, present study aimed to examine and compare characteristic changes of densities, protein and mRNA levels of soma, dendrites, and spines between striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons after DA depletion by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. Experimental results showed that: 1) 6OHDA-induced DA depletion decreased the soma density of striatal-direct pathway neurons (SP+), but no significant changes for striatal-indirect pathway neurons (ENK+). 2) DA depletion resulted in a decline of dendrite density for both striatal-direct (D1+) and -indirect (D2+) pathway neurons, and D2+ dendritic density declined more obviously. At the ultrastructure level, the densities of D1+ and D2+ dendritic spines reduced in the 6OHDA groups compared with their control groups, but the density of D2+ dendritic spines reduced more significant than that of D1. 3) Striatal DA depletion down-regulated protein and mRNA expression levels of SP and D1, on the contrary, ENK and D2 protein and mRNA levels of indirect pathway neurons were up-regulated significantly. Present results suggested that indirect pathway neurons be more sensitive to 6OHDA-induced DA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Periodical Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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13
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Wongprayoon P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin as a mitochondrial protector in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3999-4014. [PMID: 28791420 PMCID: PMC11107580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles as their role in cellular energy production of eukaryotes. Because the brain cells demand high energy for maintaining their normal activities, disturbances in mitochondrial physiology may lead to neuropathological events underlying neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Melatonin is an endogenous compound with a variety of physiological roles. In addition, it possesses potent antioxidant properties which effectively play protective roles in several pathological conditions. Several lines of evidence also reveal roles of melatonin in mitochondrial protection, which could prevent development and progression of neurodegeneration. Since the mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in neurodegeneration, the neuroprotection afforded by melatonin is thereby more effective in early stages of the diseases. This article reviews mechanisms which melatonin exerts its protective roles on mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawaris Wongprayoon
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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14
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Wu JJ, Chen S, Ouyang LS, Jia Y, Liu BB, Mu SH, Ma YX, Wang WP, Wei JY, Li YL, Chen Z, Lei WL. Cortical regulation of striatal projection neurons and interneurons in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Neural Regen Res 2017; 11:1969-1975. [PMID: 28197194 PMCID: PMC5270436 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal neurons can be either projection neurons or interneurons, with each type exhibiting distinct susceptibility to various types of brain damage. In this study, 6-hydroxydopamine was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle to induce dopamine depletion, and/or ibotenic acid was injected into the M1 cortex to induce motor cortex lesions. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay showed that dopaminergic depletion results in significant loss of striatal projection neurons marked by dopamine- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, molecular weight 32 kDa, calbindin, and μ-opioid receptor, while cortical lesions reversed these pathological changes. After dopaminergic deletion, the number of neuropeptide Y-positive striatal interneurons markedly increased, which was also inhibited by cortical lesioning. No noticeable change in the number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons was found in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. Striatal projection neurons and interneurons show different susceptibility to dopaminergic depletion. Further, cortical lesions inhibit striatal dysfunction and damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine, which provides a new possibility for clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Periodical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Si Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Hua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-You Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-Lan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Long Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Chen S, Yang G, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Wang W, Wei J, Li K, Wu J, Chen Z, Li Y, Mu S, OuYang L, Lei W. A Comparative Study of Three Interneuron Types in the Rat Spinal Cord. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162969. [PMID: 27658248 PMCID: PMC5033377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interneurons are involved in the physiological function and the pathomechanism of the spinal cord. Present study aimed to examine and compare the characteristics of Cr+, Calb+ and Parv+ interneurons in morphology and distribution by using immunhistochemical and Western blot techniques. Results showed that 1) Cr-Calb presented a higher co-existence rate than that of Cr-Parv, and both of them were higher in the ventral horn than in the dosal horn; 2) Cr+, Calb+ and Parv+ neurons distributing zonally in the superficial dosal horn were small-sized. Parv+ neuronswere the largest, and Cr+ and Calb+ neurons were higher density among them. In the deep dorsal horn, Parv+ neurons were mainly located in nucleus thoracicus and the remaining scatteredly distributed. Cr+ neuronal size was the largest, and Calb+ neurons were the least among three interneuron types; 3) Cr+, Calb+ and Parv+ neurons of ventral horns displayed polygonal, round and fusiform, and Cr+ and Parv+ neurons were mainly distributed in the deep layer, but Calb+ neurons mainly in the superficial layer. Cr+ neurons were the largest, and distributed more in ventral horns than in dorsal horns; 4) in the dorsal horn of lumbar cords, Calb protein levels was the highest, but Parv protein level in ventral horns was the highest among the three protein types. Present results suggested that the morphological characteristics of three interneuron types imply their physiological function and pathomechanism relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqi Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Keyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youlan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Mu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisi OuYang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: ,
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16
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Dihydromyricetin Ameliorates 3NP-induced Behavioral Deficits and Striatal Injury in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:267-75. [PMID: 27501707 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely involved in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to examine the effect of anti-oxidant DHM (dihydromyricetin) on 3NP (3-nitropropionic acid) -induced behavioral deficits of experimental rats and striatal histopathological injury by using behavioral, imaging, biochemistry, histochemistry and molecular biology technologies. The experimental results showed that both motor dysfunctions and learning and memory impairments induced by 3NP were significantly reduced after DHM treatment. 3NP-induced striatal metabolic abnormality was also remarkably improved by DHM treatment, showed as the increased glucose metabolism in PET/CT scan, decreased MDA (malondialdehyde) and increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in enzyme histochemical staining. In addition, the cell apoptosis was evidently detected in the striatum of the 3NP group, while in the 3NP + DHM group, the number of apoptotic cells was remarkably reduced. 3NP treatment obviously induced down-regulation of Bcl-2, and up-regulations of Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3, while these changes were significantly reversed by DHM treatment. The present results suggested that DHM showed its protective effect by anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis mechanisms.
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17
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Mu S, Liu B, Ouyang L, Zhan M, Chen S, Wu J, Chen J, Wei X, Wang W, Zhang J, Lei W. Characteristic Changes of Astrocyte and Microglia in Rat Striatum Induced by 3-NP and MCAO. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:707-14. [PMID: 26586406 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies had confirmed that both 3-NP and MCAO induced the behavioral defect as well as striatal neuronal injury and loss in experimental rats. This study aimed to examine different response forms of striatal astrocyte and microglia in 3-NP and MCAO rat models. The present results showed that the immunoreaction for GFAP was extremely weak in the lesioned core of striatum, but in the transition zone of 3-NP model and the penumbra zone of MCAO model, GFAP+ cells showed strong hypertrophic and proliferative changes. Statistical analysis for the number, size and integral optical density (IOD) of GFAP+ cells showed significant differences when compared with their controls and compared between the core and the transition zone or the penumbra zone, respectively, but no differences between the 3-NP and MCAO groups. However, Iba-1+ cells showed obvious hypertrophy and proliferation in the injured striatum in the 3-NP and the MCAO models, especially in the transition zone of 3-NP model and the penumbra zone of MCAO model. These Iba-1+ cells displayed two characteristic forms as branching cells with thick processes and amoeboid cells with thin processes. Statistical analysis showed that the number, size and IOD of Iba-1+ cells were significantly increased in the cores and the transition zone of 3-NP group and the penumbra zone of MCAO group than that of the controls, and the immune response of Iba-1 was stronger in the MCAO group than in the 3-NP group. The present results suggested that characteristic responses of astrocyte and microglia in the 3-NP and the MCAO models display their different effects on the pathological process of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisi Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mali Zhan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiachang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xianyou Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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18
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Manchester LC, Coto-Montes A, Boga JA, Andersen LPH, Zhou Z, Galano A, Vriend J, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:403-19. [PMID: 26272235 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is remarkably functionally diverse with actions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, circadian rhythm regulator, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulating molecule, and as an oncostatic agent. We hypothesize that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5-3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant. The evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic-free radicals. The other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution. We also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles. This prediction is made on the basis that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes developed from purple nonsulfur bacteria (which also produce melatonin) and cyanobacteria when they were engulfed by early eukaryotes. Thus, we speculate that the melatonin-synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. That mitochondria are likely sites of melatonin formation is supported by the observation that this organelle contains high levels of melatonin that are not impacted by blood melatonin concentrations. Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage. It, as well as its metabolites, is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro-oxidative enzymes, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage. The actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing/producing enzymes may be mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Beyond its direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant effects, melatonin has a variety of physiological and metabolic advantages that may enhance its ability to limit oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lars Peter H Andersen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MA, Canada
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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