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Martins IRR, de Melo Medeiros M, Vasconcelos LHC, Silva MDCC, Queiroga FR, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, da Costa Nunes IK, Lima LM, da Silva PM, Silva BAD. New phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors present airways relaxant activity in a guinea pig acute asthma model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4419-4434. [PMID: 38108836 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and hyper responsiveness of airways. We aimed to assess the relaxant potential of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives on non-asthmatic and asthmatic guinea pig trachea. Firstly, guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, and then morphological, and contractile changes were evaluated resulting from asthma, followed by evaluation of relaxant effect of derivatives on guinea pig trachea and the cAMP levels measurement by ELISA. It has been evidenced hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, inflammatory infiltrate, and vascular abnormalities. Moreover, only sensitized tracheal rings were responsive to OVA. Contractile response to histamine, but not to carbachol, was greater in sensitized animals, however the relaxant response to aminophylline and isoprenaline were the same in non-asthmatics and asthmatics. N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives presented equipotent relaxant action independent of epithelium, with exception of LASSBio-1850 that presented a low efficacy (< 50%) and LASSBio-1847 with a 4-fold higher potency on asthmatics. LASSBio-1847 relaxant curve was impaired in the presence of propranolol and potentiated by isoprenaline in both groups. Furthermore, relaxation was potentiated 54- and 4-fold by forskolin in non-asthmatics and asthmatics, respectively. Likewise, LASSBio-1847 potentiated relaxant curve of aminophylline 147- and 4-fold in both groups. The PKA inhibitor H-89 impaired the relaxant potency of the derivative. Finally, LASSBio-1847 increased tracheal intracellular cAMP levels similarly to rolipram, selective PDE4 inhibitor, in both animals. LASSBio-1847 showed to be promising to relax guinea pig trachea from non-sensitized and sensitized guinea pigs by activation of β2-adrenergic receptors/AC/cAMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rossi Roseno Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
- Departamento de Medicina, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI, 64607-670, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Millena de Melo Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Correia Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- PostDoc Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio ®), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio ®), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Borsi SH, Fakhr Mousavi SAAFM, Dargahi Mal-Amir M, Tavakol H, Raji H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Tadalafil on improving pulmonary function and asthma severity in severe asthmatic patients: a randomized controlled trial study. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2024. [PMID: 38213275 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2024.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors elevate the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which have been associated with various anti-inflammatory effects that can help alleviate asthma symptoms. This study aims to assess the impact of Tadalafil, a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on pulmonary function in patients with asthma. This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted in 2021 at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. The study enrolled 44 patients with severe asthma, who were divided equally into a Tadalafil group and a placebo group. The Tadalafil group received 20 mg/day of Tadalafil, while the placebo group received a placebo at the same dose. The patients' spirometry tests, asthma quality of life questionnaire, 6-minute walk distance, and quality of life were measured at the beginning of the study and one month later. The study results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the Tadalafil group and the placebo group in terms of pulmonary parameters (p>0.05). Furthermore, the scores for patients' quality of life (p=0.167) and the 6-minute walk test (p=0.148) at the end of the study did not show any statistically significant improvement compared to the placebo group. Results showed that the use of Tadalafil (20 mg) once daily for one month in patients with severe asthma did not affect clinical and laboratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Borsi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Dargahi Mal-Amir
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Heshmatollah Tavakol
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Raji
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran.
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Rana N, Grover P, Singh H. Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Purine Derivatives as a Promising Scaffold in Drug Discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:541-579. [PMID: 38288806 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266290152240110074034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Numerous purine-containing compounds have undergone extensive investigation for their medical efficacy across various diseases. The swift progress in purine-based medicinal chemistry has brought to light the therapeutic capabilities of purine-derived compounds in addressing challenging medical conditions. Defined by a heterocyclic ring comprising a pyrimidine ring linked with an imidazole ring, purine exhibits a diverse array of therapeutic attributes. This review systematically addresses the multifaceted potential of purine derivatives in combating various diseases, including their roles as anticancer agents, antiviral compounds (anti-herpes, anti-HIV, and anti-influenzae), autoimmune and anti-inflammatory agents, antihyperuricemic and anti-gout solutions, antimicrobial agents, antitubercular compounds, anti-leishmanial agents, and anticonvulsants. Emphasis is placed on the remarkable progress made in developing purine-based compounds, elucidating their significant target sites. The article provides a comprehensive exploration of developments in both natural and synthetic purines, offering insights into their role in managing a diverse range of illnesses. Additionally, the discussion delves into the structure-activity relationships and biological activities of the most promising purine molecules. The intriguing capabilities revealed by these purine-based scaffolds unequivocally position them at the forefront of drug candidate development. As such, this review holds potential significance for researchers actively involved in synthesizing purine-based drug candidates, providing a roadmap for the continued advancement of this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- School of Pharmacy (SOP), Noida International University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Budh Nagar, 203201, India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, India
| | - Hridayanand Singh
- Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cazzola M, Page C, Calzetta L, Singh D, Rogliani P, Matera MG. What role will ensifentrine play in the future treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? Implications from recent clinical trials. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1511-1519. [PMID: 37779474 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from the phase III ENHANCE clinical trials provide compelling evidence that ensifentrine, an inhaled 'bifunctional' dual phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor, can provide additional benefit to existing treatments in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and represents a 'first-in-class' drug having bifunctional bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activity in a single molecule. Ensifentrine, generally well tolerated, can provide additional bronchodilation when added to muscarinic receptor antagonists or β2-agonists and reduce the exacerbation risk. This information allows us to consider better the possible inclusion of ensifentrine in the future treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there is less information on whether it provides additional benefit when added to inhaled corticosteroid or 'triple therapy' and, therefore, when this drug is best utilized in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Clive Page
- Pulmonary Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Diseases & Lung Function, Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester & Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M23 9QZ, Manchester, UK
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138, Naples, Italy
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5
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Cazzola M, Hanania NA, Page CP, Matera MG. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1333-1352. [PMID: 37408603 PMCID: PMC10318108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key players in this process, although the extent of their participation varies according to the patient's endotype. Anti-inflammatory medications may modify the natural history and progression of COPD. However, since airway inflammation in COPD is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy, innovative pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are required. The heterogeneity of inflammatory cells and mediators in annethe different COPD endo-phenotypes requires the development of specific pharmacologic agents. Indeed, over the past two decades, several mechanisms that influence the influx and/or activity of inflammatory cells in the airways and lung parenchyma have been identified. Several of these molecules have been tested in vitro models and in vivo in laboratory animals, but only a few have been studied in humans. Although early studies have not been encouraging, useful information emerged suggesting that some of these agents may need to be further tested in specific subgroups of patients, hopefully leading to a more personalized approach to treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Stolfa I, Page C. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and lung diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:55-81. [PMID: 37524492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) have long been known as regulators of cAMP and cGMP, second messengers involved in various signaling pathways and expressed in a variety of cell types implicated in respiratory diseases such as airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells making them a key target for the treatment of lung diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The first reported PDE inhibitor was the xanthine, theophylline, described as a non-specific PDE inhibitor and whilst this drug is effective, it also has a range of unwanted side effects. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic window of xanthines, a number of selective PDE inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of respiratory diseases with only the selective PDE 4 inhibitor, roflumilast, being approved for the treatment of severe COPD. However, roflumilast also has a very narrow therapeutic window due to a number of important doses limiting side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there continues to be research carried out in this field to identify improved selective PDE inhibitors, both by targeting other PDE subtypes (e.g., PDE 7 found in a number of inflammatory and immune cells) and through development of selective PDE inhibitors for pulmonary administration to reduce systemic exposure and improve the side effect profile. This approach has been exemplified by the development of ensifentrine, a dual PDE 3-PDE 4 inhibitor, an inhaled drug that has recently completed two successful Phase III clinical trials in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stolfa
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Pociecha K, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Plutecka H, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Pękala E, Gosens R, Wyska E. Inhaled pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitors ameliorate ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110264. [PMID: 37159965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent one of the intensively studied groups of potential anti-asthmatic agents due to their affecting both airway inflammation and remodeling. However, the effect of inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors on allergen induced asthma has not been reported to date. In this study we investigated the impact of two, representative strong pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione: compound 38 and 145, on airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma. Female Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, 38 and 145 were administrated by inhalation, before each OVA challenge. The inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors markedly reduced the OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil recruitment, Th2 cytokine level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as both, total and OVA-specific IgE levels in plasma. In addition, inhaled 38 and 145 decreased many typical features of airway remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen overproduction and deposition, as well as Tgfb1, VEGF, and α-SMA expression in airways of allergen challenged mice. We also demonstrated that both 38 and 145 alleviate airway inflammation and remodelling by inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activated in OVA-challenged mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the investigated pan-PDE inhibitors administered by inhalation are dual acting agents targeting both airway inflammation and remodeling in OVA-challenged allergic asthma and may represent promising, anti-asthmatic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Roy D, Balasubramanian S, Krishnamurthy PT, Sola P, Rymbai E. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01349-1. [PMID: 37074485 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers are exploring safer and novel treatment strategies for treating the ever-prevalent Parkinson's disease (PD) across the globe. Several therapeutic strategies are used clinically for PD, including dopamine replacement therapy, DA agonists, MAO-B blockers, COMT blockers, and anticholinergics. Surgical interventions such as pallidotomy, particularly deep brain stimulation (DBS), are also employed. However, they only provide temporal and symptomatic relief. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the secondary messengers involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates cAMP and cGMP intracellular levels. PDE enzymes are subdivided into families and subtypes which are expressed throughout the human body. PDE4 isoenzyme- PDE4B subtype is overexpressed in the substantia nigra of the brain. Various studies have implicated multiple cAMP-mediated signaling cascades in PD, and PDE4 is a common link that can emerge as a neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying target. Furthermore, a mechanistic understanding of the PDE4 subtypes has provided perceptivity into the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4Is). The repositioning and development of efficacious PDE4Is for PD have gained much attention. This review critically assesses the existing literature on PDE4 and its expression. Specifically, this review provides insights into the interrelated neurological cAMP-mediated signaling cascades involving PDE4s and the potential role of PDE4Is in PD. In addition, we discuss existing challenges and possible strategies for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivaramakrishnan Balasubramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Qiu ZE, Chen L, Hou XC, Sheng J, Xu JB, Xu JW, Gao DD, Huang ZX, Lei TL, Huang ZY, Peng L, Yang HL, Lin QH, Zhu YX, Guan WJ, Lun ZR, Zhou WL, Zhang YL. Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers ongoing inflammation mediated by increased intracellular Cl - concentration in airway epithelium. J Infect 2023; 86:47-59. [PMID: 36334726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic protozoan causing toxoplasmosis including pulmonary toxoplasmosis. As the first line of host defense, airway epithelial cells play critical roles in orchestrating pulmonary innate immunity. However, the mechanism underlying the airway inflammation induced by the T. gondii infection remains largely unclear. This study demonstrated that after infection with T. gondii, the major anion channel located in the apical membranes of airway epithelial cells, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), was degraded by the parasite-secreted cysteine proteases. The intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was consequently elevated, leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1. Furthermore, the heightened [Cl-]i and activated NF-κB signaling could be sustained in a positive feedback regulatory manner resulting from decreased intracellular cAMP level through NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of phosphodiesterase 4. Conversely, the sulfur-containing compound allicin conferred anti-inflammatory effects on pulmonary toxoplasmosis by decreasing [Cl-]i via activation of CFTR. These results suggest that the intracellular Cl- dynamically modulated by T. gondii mediates sustained airway inflammation, which provides a potential therapeutic target against pulmonary toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Lun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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Bai F, Chen Z, Xu S, Han L, Zeng X, Huang S, Zhu Z, Zhou L. Wogonin attenuates neutrophilic inflammation and airway smooth muscle proliferation through inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibiting MAPK/Akt signaling in allergic airways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Pan-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Attenuate TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells by Downregulating Smad-2 Phosphorylation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040423. [PMID: 35455420 PMCID: PMC9024446 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a pathological process that accompanies many chronic lung diseases. One of the important players in this process are epithelial cells, which under the influence of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors present in the airway niche, actively participate in the remodeling process by increasing extracellular matrix secretion, acquiring migration properties, and overproducing pro-fibrotic transducers. Here, we investigated the effect of three new 8-arylalkylamino- and 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl-N-(5-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)butanamides (1, 2, and 3), representing prominent pan-phosphodiesterase (pan-PDE) inhibitors on transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β)-induced alveolar epithelial type II cells (A549 cell line) of a pro-fibrotic phenotype. Our results demonstrate for the first time the strong activity of pan-PDE inhibitors in the prevention of TGF-β-induced mesenchymal markers’ expression and A549 cells’ migration. We also showed an increased p-CREB and decreased p-Smad-2 phosphorylation in TGF-β-induced A549 cells treated with 1, 2, and 3 derivatives, thereby confirming a pan-PDE inhibitor mesenchymal phenotype reducing effect in alveolar epithelial type II cells via suppression of the canonical Smad signaling pathway. Our observations confirmed that PDE inhibitors, and especially those active against various isoforms involved in the airway remodeling, constitute an interesting group of compounds modulating the pro-fibrotic response of epithelial cells.
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Potent In Vitro Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibition of Flavone Isolated from Pistacia integerrima Galls. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6116003. [PMID: 35083331 PMCID: PMC8786535 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To prospect an isozyme-specific, effective inhibitor against the physiologically-crucial enzyme phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), phytochemicals from Pistacia integerrima galls were screened. The chloroform fraction of gall extract was subjected to column chromatographic which led to the isolation of compound 1, elucidated to be 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (a flavone). In vitro and in silico PDE1 inhibitory activity of the compound 1 was investigated. EDTA, a known PDE1 inhibitor, was used as the reference. The flavone exhibited in vitro attenuation towards snake venom PDE1. IC50 response was superior to the standard chelator. An in silico molecular docking study was carried out using 3D structure of PDE1 to study the binding interactions of compound 1. The docking study predicted that flavone had a lower binding affinity (-7.6 kcal/mol) and total energy (-95 kcal/mol) score compared to EDTA. The minimal energy associated with the ligand-protein complex implied that isolated compound 1 can serve as a therapeutic agent against PDE1 enzyme-provoked ailments like asthma, hypertension, schizophrenia, and erectile dysfunction.
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Liu Z, Liu M, Cao Z, Qiu P, Song G. Phosphodiesterase‑4 inhibitors: a review of current developments (2013-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:261-278. [PMID: 34986723 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2026328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is responsible for the hydrolysis of cAMP, which has become an attractive therapeutic target for lung, skin, and severe neurological diseases. Here, we review the current status of development of PDE4 inhibitors since 2013 and discuss the applicability of novel medicinal-chemistry strategies for identifying more efficient and safer inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors from 2013 to 2021, focused on their pharmacophores, the strategies to reduce the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and the development of subfamily selective PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION To date, great efforts have been made in the development of PDE4 inhibitors, and researchers have established a comprehensive preclinical database and collected some promising data from clinical trials. Although four small-molecule PDE4 inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of human diseases up to now, further development of other reported PDE4 inhibitors with strong potency has been hampered due to the occurrence of severe side effects. There are currently three main strategies for overcoming the dose limitation and systemic side effects, which provide new opportunities for the clinical development of new PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengsen Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim HJ, Song JY, Park TI, Choi WS, Kim JH, Kwon OS, Lee JY. The effects of BRL-50481 on ovalbumin-induced asthmatic lung inflammation exacerbated by co-exposure to Asian sand dust in the murine model. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:51-62. [PMID: 34984603 PMCID: PMC8726530 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asian sand dust (ASD), which mainly originates in China and Mongolia in the spring and blows into Korea, can exacerbate respiratory and immunological diseases. This study aims to observe effects of co-exposure to ASD on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic lung inflammation and of treatment with a phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitor in a mouse model. The challenge with OVA increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue. Interleukin (IL)-13, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte-protein-1, mucin, and antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 production increased in mouse serum. The co-exposure of ASD significantly exacerbated these effects in this asthma model. Notably, the administration of a PDE7 inhibitor, BRL-50481 (BRL), significantly reduced AHR, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs, and the levels of type 2 T helper cell-related cytokines, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and mucin. Thus, the administration of BRL ameliorated OVA-induced allergic asthmatic responses exacerbated by co-exposure to ASD. This study suggests that PDE7 inhibition can be a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory lung diseases and asthma via the regulation of T lymphocytes and reduction of IL-13, and, consequently, mucin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
- Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects of new 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione-based phosphodiesterase inhibitors as promising anti-asthmatic agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105409. [PMID: 34749117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are currently an extensively studied group of compounds that can bring many benefits in the treatment of various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including asthma. Herein, we describe a series of novel N'-phenyl- or N'-benzylbutanamide and N'-arylidenebutanehydrazide derivatives of 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione (27-43) and characterized them as prominent pan-PDE inhibitors. Most of the compounds exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophages RAW264.7. The most active compounds (32-35 and 38) were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) derived from asthmatics. To better map the bronchial microenvironment in asthma, HBECs after exposure to selected 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione derivatives were incubated in the presence of two proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors: transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). Compounds 32-35 and 38 significantly reduced both IL-13- and TGF-β-induced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, respectively. Detailed analysis of their inhibition preferences for selected PDEs showed high affinity for isoenzymes important in the pathogenesis of asthma, including PDE1, PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8. The presented data confirm that structural modifications within the 7 and 8 positions of the purine-2,6-dione core result in obtaining preferable pan-PDE inhibitors which in turn exert an excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in the bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatic patients. This dual-acting pan-PDE inhibitors constitute interesting and promising lead structures for further anti-asthmatic agent discovery.
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16
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Thapa K, Singh TG, Kaur A. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 282:119843. [PMID: 34298037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in renal artery stenosis, partial nephrectomy and most commonly during kidney transplantation. It brings serious consequences such as DGF (Delayed Graft Function) or organ dysfunction leading to renal failure and ultimate death. There is no effective therapy to handle the consequences of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP are the important second messengers that stimulate intracellular signal transduction for cell survival in response to growth factors and peptide hormones in normal tissues and in kidneys plays significant role that involves vascular tone regulation, inflammation and proliferation of parenchymal cells. Renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury stimulate signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, alteration in renal blood flow leading to necrosis and apoptosis of renal cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out. To understand the functioning of Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and its pharmacological modulation in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to treat renal I/R injury in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the general characteristics and physiology of PDEs and preclinical-studies defining the relationship between PDEs expression in renal injury due to I/R and its outcome on renal function. SIGNIFICANCE The role of PDE inhibitors in renal I/R injury and the clinical status of drugs for various renal diseases have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
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Chetty A, Nielsen HC. Targeting Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy in Asthma: An Approach Whose Time Has Come. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:539-556. [PMID: 34079293 PMCID: PMC8164696 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell dysfunction is an important component of several obstructive pulmonary diseases, particularly asthma. External stimuli such as allergens, dust, air pollutants, and change in environmental temperatures provoke ASM cell hypertrophy, proliferation, and migration without adequate mechanistic controls. ASM cells can switch between quiescent, migratory, and proliferative phenotypes in response to extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and other soluble mediators. While some aspects of airway hypertrophy and remodeling could have beneficial effects, in many cases these contribute to a clinical phenotype of difficult to control asthma. In this review, we discuss the factors responsible for ASM hypertrophy and proliferation in asthma, focusing on cytokines, growth factors, and ion transporters, and discuss existing and potential approaches that specifically target ASM hypertrophy to reduce the ASM mass and improve asthma symptoms. The goal of this review is to highlight strategies that appear ready for translational investigations to improve asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chetty
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1β inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251012. [PMID: 33914833 PMCID: PMC8084130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a well-known bronchial disease that causes bronchial inflammation, narrowing of the bronchial tubes, and bronchial mucus secretion, leading to bronchial blockade. In this study, we investigated the association between phosphodiesterase (PDE), specifically PDE1, and asthma using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a non-specific PDE inhibitor) and vinpocetine (Vinp; a PDE1 inhibitor). Balb/c mice were randomized to five treatment groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), OVA + IBMX, OVA + Vinp, and OVA + dexamethasone (Dex). All mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, except for the control group. IBMX, Vinp, or Dex was intraperitoneally administered 1 h before the challenge. Vinp treatment significantly inhibited the increase in airway hyper-responsiveness (P<0.001) and reduced the number of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in the lungs (P<0.01). It also ameliorated the damage to the bronchi and alveoli and decreased the OVA-specific IgE levels in serum, an indicator of allergic inflammation increased by OVA (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increase in interleukin-13, a known Th2 cytokine, was significantly decreased by Vinp (P<0.05), and Vinp regulated the release and mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) increased by OVA (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that PDE1 is associated with allergic lung inflammation induced by OVA. Thus, PDE1 inhibitors can be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
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Matera MG, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. New Avenues for Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Asthma. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:291-302. [PMID: 33758554 PMCID: PMC7979323 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s242961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are isoenzymes ubiquitously expressed in the lungs where they catalyse cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), which are fundamental second messengers in asthma, thereby regulating the intracellular concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides, their signaling pathways and, consequently, myriad biological responses. The superfamily of PDEs is composed of 11 families with a distinct substrate specificity, molecular structure and subcellular localization. Experimental studies indicate a possible role in asthma mainly for PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 and PDE7. Consequently, drugs that inhibit PDEs may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease. Areas Covered In this article, we describe the progress made in recent years regarding the possibility of using PDE inhibitors in the treatment of asthma. Expert Opinion Many data indicate the potential benefits of PDE inhibitors as an add-on treatment especially in severe asthma due to their bronchodilator and/or anti-inflammatory activity, but no compound has yet reached the market as asthma treatment mainly because of their limited tolerability. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing new PDE inhibitors with an improved safety profile. In particular, the research is focused on the development of drugs capable of interacting simultaneously with different PDEs, or to be administered by inhalation. CHF 6001 and RPL554 are the only molecules that currently are under clinical development but there are several new agents with interesting pharmacological profiles. It will be stimulating to assess the impact of such agents on individual treatable traits in specially designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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20
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Turner MJ, Dauletbaev N, Lands LC, Hanrahan JW. The Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Ensifentrine Reduces Production of Proinflammatory Mediators in Well Differentiated Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting PDE4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:414-429. [PMID: 33012706 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel that impair airway salt and fluid secretion. Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by CF bronchial epithelium during airway infection leads to chronic inflammation and a slow decline in lung function; thus, there is much interest in finding safe and effective treatments that reduce inflammation in CF. We showed previously that the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor ensifentrine (RPL554; Verona Pharma) stimulates the channel function of CFTR mutants with abnormal gating and also those with defective trafficking that are partially rescued using a clinically approved corrector drug. PDE inhibitors also have known anti-inflammatory effects; therefore, we examined whether ensifentrine alters the production of proinflammatory cytokines in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Ensifentrine reduced the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during challenge with interleukin-1β Comparing the effect of ensifentrine with milrinone and roflumilast, selective PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors, respectively, demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of ensifentrine was mainly due to inhibition of PDE4. Beneficial modulation of GM-CSF was further enhanced when ensifentrine was combined with low concentrations of the β 2-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or the corticosteroid dexamethasone. The results indicate that ensifentrine may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in CF airways particularly when used in combination with β 2-adrenergic agonists or corticosteroids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Airway inflammation that is disproportionate to the burden of chronic airway infection causes much of the pathology in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. We show here that ensifentrine beneficially modulates the release of proinflammatory factors in well differentiated CF bronchial epithelial cells that is further enhanced when combined with β2-adrenergic agonists or low-concentration corticosteroids. The results encourage further clinical testing of ensifentrine, alone and in combination with β2-adrenergic agonists or low-concentration corticosteroids, as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Turner
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - Nurlan Dauletbaev
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - Larry C Lands
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
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Lo Bello F, Hansbro PM, Donovan C, Coppolino I, Mumby S, Adcock IM, Caramori G. New drugs under development for COPD. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:419-431. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1819982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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22
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Role of Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) in T Cell Activity. Effects of Selective PDE7 Inhibitors and Dual PDE4/7 Inhibitors on T Cell Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176118. [PMID: 32854348 PMCID: PMC7504236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), a cAMP-specific PDE family, insensitive to rolipram, is present in many immune cells, including T lymphocytes. Two genes of PDE7 have been identified: PDE7A and PDE7B with three or four splice variants, respectively. Both PDE7A and PDE7B are expressed in T cells, and the predominant splice variant in these cells is PDE7A1. PDE7 is one of several PDE families that terminates biological functions of cAMP—a major regulating intracellular factor. However, the precise role of PDE7 in T cell activation and function is still ambiguous. Some authors reported its crucial role in T cell activation, while according to other studies PDE7 activity was not pivotal to T cells. Several studies showed that inhibition of PDE7 by its selective or dual PDE4/7 inhibitors suppresses T cell activity, and consequently T-mediated immune response. Taken together, it seems quite likely that simultaneous inhibition of PDE4 and PDE7 by dual PDE4/7 inhibitors or a combination of selective PDE4 and PDE7 remains the most interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of some immune-related disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, or selected respiratory diseases. An interesting direction of future studies could also be using a combination of selective PDE7 and PDE3 inhibitors.
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23
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Giorgi M, Cardarelli S, Ragusa F, Saliola M, Biagioni S, Poiana G, Naro F, Massimi M. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Could They Be Beneficial for the Treatment of COVID-19? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155338. [PMID: 32727145 PMCID: PMC7432892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to be a pandemic disease. SARS-CoV2 was first identified in China and, despite the restrictive measures adopted, the epidemic has spread globally, becoming a pandemic in a very short time. Though there is growing knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 infection and its clinical manifestations, an effective cure to limit its acute symptoms and its severe complications has not yet been found. Given the worldwide health and economic emergency issues accompanying this pandemic, there is an absolute urgency to identify effective treatments and reduce the post infection outcomes. In this context, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), evolutionarily conserved cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) hydrolyzing enzymes, could emerge as new potential targets. Given their extended distribution and modulating role in nearly all organs and cellular environments, a large number of drugs (PDE inhibitors) have been developed to control the specific functions of each PDE family. These PDE inhibitors have already been used in the treatment of pathologies that show clinical signs and symptoms completely or partially overlapping with post-COVID-19 conditions (e.g., thrombosis, inflammation, fibrosis), while new PDE-selective or pan-selective inhibitors are currently under study. This review discusses the state of the art of the different pathologies currently treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, highlighting the numerous similarities with the disorders linked to SARS-CoV2 infection, to support the hypothesis that PDE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Federica Ragusa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Poiana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (M.M.)
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Ohadian Moghadam S. A Review on Currently Available Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:443-467. [PMID: 32801840 PMCID: PMC7387864 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s263666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of unexplained pneumonia cases currently were first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Official names have been announced for the virus responsible, previously known as "2019 novel coronavirus" and the diseases it causes are, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), respectively. Despite great efforts worldwide to control SARS-CoV-2, the spread of the virus has reached a pandemic. Infection prevention and control of this virus is the primary concern of public health officials and professionals. Currently, several therapeutic options for COVID-19 are proposed and vaccine development has been initiated for prevention purposes. In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence about the current potential treatment options including anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, nucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy. Some other agents such as vitamin D and melatonin, which were recommended as potential adjuvant treatments for COVID-19 infection are also presented. Moreover, the potential use of convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19 infection was described. Furthermore, in the next part of the current review, various vaccination approaches against COVID-19 including whole virus vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccine, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines are discussed.
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Nunes IKDC, de Souza ET, Martins IRR, Barbosa G, Moraes Junior MOD, Medeiros MDM, Silva SWD, Balliano TL, da Silva BA, Silva PMR, Carvalho VDF, Martins MA, Lima LM. Discovery of sulfonyl hydrazone derivative as a new selective PDE4A and PDE4D inhibitor by lead-optimization approach on the prototype LASSBio-448: In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112492. [PMID: 32717478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have emerged as a new strategy to treat asthma and other lung inflammatory diseases. Searching for new PDE4 inhibitors, we previously reported the discover of LASSBio-448, a sulfonamide with potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of asthma. In this paper, two novel series of sulfonamide (6a-6m) and sulfonyl hydrazone (7a-7j) analogues of LASSBio-448 have been synthetized and evaluated for selective inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific PDE4 isoforms. From these studies, we have identified 7j (LASSBio-1632) as a new anti-asthmatic lead-candidate associated with selective inhibition of PDE4A and PDE4D isoenzymes and blockade of airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and TNF-α production in the lung tissue. In addition, it was able to relax guinea pig trachea on non-sensitized and sensitized animals and showed great TGI permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Apoio Ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico-LADETEC. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everton Tenório de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Rossi Roseno Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Picos, Brazil
| | - Gisele Barbosa
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manoel Oliveira de Moraes Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Millena de Melo Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Welma Duarte Silva
- Laboratório de Cristalografia Bioprocessos e Modelagem Molecular - LaBioCriMM. Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Luciano Balliano
- Laboratório de Cristalografia Bioprocessos e Modelagem Molecular - LaBioCriMM. Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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26
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A Novel, Pan-PDE Inhibitor Exerts Anti-Fibrotic Effects in Human Lung Fibroblasts via Inhibition of TGF-β Signaling and Activation of cAMP/PKA Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114008. [PMID: 32503342 PMCID: PMC7312375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are currently a widespread and extensively studied group of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic compounds which may find use in the treatment of numerous lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several PDE inhibitors are currently in clinical development, and some of them, e.g., roflumilast, are already recommended for clinical use. Due to numerous reports indicating that elevated intracellular cAMP levels may contribute to the alleviation of inflammation and airway fibrosis, new and effective PDE inhibitors are constantly being sought. Recently, a group of 7,8-disubstituted purine-2,6-dione derivatives, representing a novel and prominent pan-PDE inhibitors has been synthesized. Some of them were reported to modulate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels as well. In this study, we investigated the effect of selected derivatives (832—a pan-PDE inhibitor, 869—a TRPA1 modulator, and 145—a pan-PDE inhibitor and a weak TRPA1 modulator) on cellular responses related to airway remodeling using MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts. Compound 145 exerted the most considerable effect in limiting fibroblast to myofibroblasts transition (FMT) as well as proliferation, migration, and contraction. The effect of this compound appeared to depend mainly on its strong PDE inhibitory properties, and not on its effects on TRPA1 modulation. The strong anti-remodeling effects of 145 required activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway leading to inhibition of transforming growth factor type β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad-dependent signaling in MRC-5 cells. These data suggest that the TGF-β pathway is a major target for PDE inhibitors leading to inhibitory effects on cell responses involved in airway remodeling. These potent, pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted purine-2,6-dione derivatives, thus represent promising anti-remodeling drug candidates for further research.
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Phillips JE. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitors for Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:259. [PMID: 32226383 PMCID: PMC7080983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors can suppress a variety of inflammatory cell functions that contribute to their anti-inflammatory actions in respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has been approved for use in a subset of patients with severe COPD with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. Use of systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitors has been limited by systemic side effects. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors have been considered as a viable alternative to increase tolerability and determine the maximum therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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28
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Novel phosphodiesterases inhibitors from the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as potent modulators of airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172779. [PMID: 31705904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodelling (AR) is an important pathological feature of chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The etiology of AR is complex and involves both lung structural and immune cells. One of the main contributors to airway remodelling is the airway smooth muscle (ASM), which is thickened by asthma, becomes more contractile and produces more extracellular matrix. As a second messenger, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) has been shown to contribute to ASM cell (ASMC) relaxation as well as to anti-remodelling effects in ASMC. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have drawn attention as an interesting new group of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling drugs. Recently, new hydrazide and amide purine-2,6-dione derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties have been synthesized by our team (compounds 1 and 2). We expanded our study of their PDE selectivity profile, ability to increase intracellular cAMP levels, metabolic stability and, above all, their capacity to modulate cell responses associated with ASMC remodelling. The results show that both compounds have subtype specificity for several PDE isoforms (including inhibition of PDE1, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE7). Interestingly, such combined PDE subtype inhibition exerts improved anti-remodelling efficacies against several ASMC-induced responses such as proliferation, contractility, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression and migration when compared to other non-selective and selective PDE inhibitors. Our findings open novel perspectives in the search for new chemical entities with dual anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling profiles in the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as broad-spectrum PDE inhibitors.
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Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Rogliani P, Matera MG. Ensifentrine (RPL554): an investigational PDE3/4 inhibitor for the treatment of COPD. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:827-833. [PMID: 31474120 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1661990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A compound that simultaneously inhibits PDE3 and PDE4 should increase airway caliber by relaxing the smooth muscle and, simultaneously, suppress airway inflammatory responses. Ensifentrine (RPL554) is considered a PDE3/4 inhibitor, although its affinity for PDE3 is 3,440 times higher than that for PDE4, that is under clinical development for the treatment of asthma and COPD and, potentially, cystic fibrosis. Areas covered: We analyze the development of this molecule from its basic pharmacology to the present clinical Phase II studies. Expert opinion: Ensifentrine is an interesting drug but there is a lack of solid studies that still does not allow us to correctly allocate this molecule in the current COPD and even asthma therapeutic armamentarium. Furthermore, apparently ensifentrine has not yet entered Phase III clinical development and, in any case, there is no reliable evidence of its ability to elicit an anti-inflammatory activity in patients with COPD or asthma. Therefore, the real anti-inflammatory profile of ensifentrine must be clarified with new studies of basic pharmacology and adequate clinical studies specifically designed. However, at present the most intriguing perspective is linked to its possible use in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, also considering the lack of valid therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
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30
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Gauderman WJ, Kim A, Conti DV, Morrison J, Thomas DC, Vora H, Lewinger JP. A Unified Model for the Analysis of Gene-Environment Interaction. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:760-767. [PMID: 30649161 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment (G × E) interaction is important for many complex traits. In a case-control study of a disease trait, logistic regression is the standard approach used to model disease as a function of a gene (G), an environmental factor (E), G × E interaction, and adjustment covariates. We propose an alternative model with G as the outcome and show how it provides a unified framework for obtaining results from all of the common G × E tests. These include the 1-degree-of-freedom (df) test of G × E interaction, the 2-df joint test of G and G × E, the case-only and empirical Bayes tests, and several 2-step tests. In the context of this unified model, we propose a novel 3-df test and demonstrate that it provides robust power across a wide range of underlying G × E interaction models. We demonstrate the 3-df test in a genome-wide scan of G × sex interaction for childhood asthma using data from the Children's Health Study (Southern California, 1993-2001). This scan identified a strong G × sex interaction at the phosphodiesterase gene 4D locus (PDE4D), a known asthma-related locus, with a strong effect in males (per-allele odds ratio = 1.70; P = 3.8 × 10-8) and virtually no effect in females. We describe a software program, G×EScan (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California), which can be used to fit standard and unified models for genome-wide G × E studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andre Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V Conti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hita Vora
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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31
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Zuo H, Cattani-Cavalieri I, Musheshe N, Nikolaev VO, Schmidt M. Phosphodiesterases as therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 197:225-242. [PMID: 30759374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, affect millions of people all over the world. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which is one of the most important second messengers, plays a vital role in relaxing airway smooth muscles and suppressing inflammation. Given its vast role in regulating intracellular responses, cAMP provides an attractive pharmaceutical target in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and help control cyclic nucleotide signals in a compartmentalized manner. Currently, the selective PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, is used as an add-on treatment for patients with severe COPD associated with bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. In addition, other novel PDE inhibitors are in different phases of clinical trials. The current review provides an overview of the regulation of various PDEs and the potential application of selective PDE inhibitors in the treatment of COPD and asthma. The possibility to combine various PDE inhibitors as a way to increase their therapeutic effectiveness is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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32
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Tsai MJ, Tsai YC, Chang WA, Lin YS, Tsai PH, Sheu CC, Kuo PL, Hsu YL. Deducting MicroRNA-Mediated Changes Common in Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-A Next-Generation Sequencing-Guided Bioinformatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030553. [PMID: 30696075 PMCID: PMC6386886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic airway inflammatory diseases that share some common features, although these diseases are somewhat different in etiologies, clinical features, and treatment policies. The aim of this study is to investigate the common microRNA-mediated changes in bronchial epithelial cells of asthma and COPD. The microRNA profiles in primary bronchial epithelial cells from asthma (AHBE) and COPD (CHBE) patients and healthy subjects (NHBE) were analyzed with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the significant microRNA changes common in AHBE and CHBE were extracted. The upregulation of hsa-miR-10a-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p in both AHBE and CHBE was confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Using bioinformatic methods, we further identified putative targets of these microRNAs, which were downregulated in both AHBE and CHBE: miR-10a-5p might suppress BCL2, FGFR3, FOXO3, PDE4A, PDE4C, and PDE7A; miR-146a-5p might suppress BCL2, INSR, PDE4D, PDE7A, PDE7B, and PDE11A. We further validated significantly decreased expression levels of FOXO3 and PDE7A in AHBE and CHBE than in NHBE with qPCR. Increased serum miR-146a-5p level was also noted in patients with asthma and COPD as compared with normal control subjects. In summary, our study revealed possible mechanisms mediated by miR-10a-5p and miR-146a-5p in the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. The findings might provide a scientific basis for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shiuan Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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33
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Kertys M, Urbanova A, Mokry J. Determination of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Tadalafil, Roflumilast and Roflumilast N-Oxide Using LC-MS in Guinea Pig Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:948-954. [PMID: 29992297 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are known as a super-family of 11 isoenzymes, which can exert various functions based on their organ distribution. In this work, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of tadalafil (phosphodiesterase five inhibitor), roflumilast (RF) (phosphodiesterase four inhibitor) and its active metabolite, RF N-oxide in guinea pig plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min, using 0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid in water as mobile phases within 4 min. Detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization operated in positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method utilized deuterium labeled internal standards, and was validated according to European Medicines Agency guidelines. It showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.5-500.0 ng/mL for all analytes with coefficient of determination >0.99. The intra- and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviation %) were within 6.7%, and the recoveries were greater than 73.4%. Using this method, plasma samples from experiments of phosphodiesterase four, and five inhibitors in a model of ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation in guinea pigs were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kertys
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Urbanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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34
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Li H, Zuo J, Tang W. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1048. [PMID: 30386231 PMCID: PMC6199465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune cells, epithelial cells, and brain cells, manifests as an intracellular non-receptor enzyme that modulates inflammation and epithelial integrity. Inhibition of PDE4 is predicted to have diverse effects via the elevation of the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the subsequent regulation of a wide array of genes and proteins. It has been identified that PDE4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diverse pulmonary, dermatological, and severe neurological diseases. Over the past decades, numerous PDE4 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, among which roflumilast, apremilast, and crisaborole were approved for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis, respectively. It is regrettable that the dramatic efficacies of a drug are often accompanied by adverse effects, such as nausea, emesis, and gastrointestinal reactions. However, substantial advances have been made to mitigate the adverse effects and obtain better benefit-to-risk ratio. This review highlights the dialectical role of PDE4 in drug discovery and the disquisitive details of certain PDE4 inhibitors to provide an overview of the topics that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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35
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Proteases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090244. [PMID: 30154365 PMCID: PMC6162857 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite much development in the area of drug development, currently there are no effective medicines available for the treatment of this disease. An imbalance in the protease: Antiprotease ratio in the COPD lung remains an important aspect of COPD pathophysiology and several studies have shown the efficacy of antiprotease therapy in both in vitro and in vivo COPD models. However more in-depth studies will be required to validate the efficacy of lead drug molecules targeting these proteases. This review discusses the current status of protease-directed drugs used for treating COPD and explores the future prospects of utilizing the potential of antiprotease-based therapeutics as a treatment for this disease.
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36
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Zuo H, Han B, Poppinga WJ, Ringnalda L, Kistemaker LEM, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Nikolaev VO, Schmidt M. Cigarette smoke up-regulates PDE3 and PDE4 to decrease cAMP in airway cells. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2988-3006. [PMID: 29722436 PMCID: PMC6016635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE cAMP is a central second messenger that broadly regulates cell function and can underpin pathophysiology. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a lung disease primarily provoked by cigarette smoke (CS), the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways, via inhibition of hydrolyzing PDEs, is a major therapeutic strategy. Mechanisms that disrupt cAMP signalling in airway cells, in particular regulation of endogenous PDEs, are poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based cAMP biosensor in mice in vivo, ex vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and in human cell models, in vitro, to track the effects of CS exposure. KEY RESULTS Under fenoterol stimulation, FRET responses to cilostamide were significantly increased in in vivo, ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS and in human airway smooth muscle cells exposed to CS extract. FRET signals to rolipram were only increased in the in vivo CS model. Under basal conditions, FRET responses to cilostamide and rolipram were significantly increased in in vivo, ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS. Elevated FRET signals to rolipram correlated with a protein up-regulation of PDE4 subtypes. In ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS extract, rolipram reversed down-regulation of ciliary beating frequency, whereas only cilostamide significantly increased airway relaxation of methacholine pre-contracted airways. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Exposure to CS, in vitro or in vivo, up-regulated expression and activity of both PDE3 and PDE4, which affected real-time cAMP dynamics. These mechanisms determine the availability of cAMP and can contribute to CS-induced pulmonary pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred J Poppinga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Ringnalda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Johnstone TB, Smith KH, Koziol-White CJ, Li F, Kazarian AG, Corpuz ML, Shumyatcher M, Ehlert FJ, Himes BE, Panettieri RA, Ostrom RS. PDE8 Is Expressed in Human Airway Smooth Muscle and Selectively Regulates cAMP Signaling by β 2-Adrenergic Receptors and Adenylyl Cyclase 6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:530-541. [PMID: 29262264 PMCID: PMC5894499 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0294oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cAMP signaling compartments centered on adenylyl cyclase (AC) exist in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells, one containing β2-adrenergic receptor AC6 and another containing E prostanoid receptor AC2. We hypothesized that different PDE isozymes selectively regulate cAMP signaling in each compartment. According to RNA-sequencing data, 18 of 24 PDE genes were expressed in primary HASM cells derived from age- and sex-matched donors with and without asthma. PDE8A was the third most abundant of the cAMP-degrading PDE genes, after PDE4A and PDE1A. Knockdown of PDE8A using shRNA evoked twofold greater cAMP responses to 1 μM forskolin in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Overexpression of AC2 did not alter this response, but overexpression of AC6 increased cAMP responses an additional 80%. We examined cAMP dynamics in live HASM cells using a fluorescence sensor. PF-04957325, a PDE8-selective inhibitor, increased basal cAMP concentrations by itself, indicating a significant basal level of cAMP synthesis. In the presence of an AC inhibitor to reduce basal signaling, PF-04957325 accelerated cAMP production and increased the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by isoproterenol, but it had no effect on cAMP concentrations or cell proliferation regulated by prostaglandin E2. Lipid raft fractionation of HASM cells revealed PDE8A immunoreactivity in buoyant fractions containing caveolin-1 and AC5/6 immunoreactivity. Thus, PDE8 is expressed in lipid rafts of HASM cells, where it specifically regulates β2-adrenergic receptor AC6 signaling without effects on signaling by the E prostanoid receptors 2/4-AC2 complex. In airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PDE8 may represent a novel therapeutic target to modulate HASM responsiveness and airway remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Airway Remodeling
- Asthma/enzymology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/pathology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Humans
- Membrane Microdomains/enzymology
- Membrane Microdomains/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Respiratory System/enzymology
- Respiratory System/pathology
- Respiratory System/physiopathology
- Second Messenger Systems
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Johnstone
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Kaitlyn H. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cynthia J. Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Austin G. Kazarian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Maia L. Corpuz
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Frederick J. Ehlert
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Rennolds S. Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
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38
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Chłoń-Rzepa G, Jankowska A, Ślusarczyk M, Świerczek A, Pociecha K, Wyska E, Bucki A, Gawalska A, Kołaczkowski M, Pawłowski M. Novel butanehydrazide derivatives of purine-2,6-dione as dual PDE4/7 inhibitors with potential anti-inflammatory activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:381-394. [PMID: 29407965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel butanehydrazide derivatives of purine-2,6-dione designed using a ligand-based approach were synthesized and their in vitro activity against both PDE4B and PDE7A isoenzymes was assessed. The 7,8-disubstituted purine-2,6-dione derivatives 31, 34, 37, and 40 appeared to be the most potent PDE4/7 inhibitors with IC50 values in the range of that of the reference rolipram and BRL-50481, respectively. Moreover, docking studies explained the importance of N-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene)butanehydrazide substituent in position 7 of purine-2,6-dione core for dual PDE4/7 inhibitory properties. The inhibition of both the cAMP-specific PDE isoenzymes resulted in a strong anti-TNF-α effect. Compounds 31, 34, and 37 in the in vivo study in rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia decreased the maximum concentration of this proinflammatory cytokine by 53, 84 and 88%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marietta Ślusarczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Świerczek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Gawalska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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39
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Mokry J, Urbanova A, Kertys M, Mokra D. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterases in the treatment of cough. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 257:107-114. [PMID: 29337269 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A group of 11 enzyme families of metalophosphohydrolases called phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is responsible for a hydrolysis of intracellular cAMP and cGMP. Xanthine derivatives (methylxanthines) inhibit PDEs without selective action on their single isoforms and lead to many pharmacological effects, e.g. bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, and thus they can modulate the cough reflex. Contrary, selective PDE inhibitors have been developed to inhibit PDE isoforms with different pharmacological effects based on their tissue expression. In this paper, effects of non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g. theophylline) are discussed, with a description of other putative mechanisms in their effects on cough. Antitussive effects of selective inhibitors of several PDE isoforms are reviewed, focusing on PDE1, PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 and PDE7. The inhibition of PDEs suggests participation of bronchodilation, suppression of TRPV channels and anti-inflammatory action in cough suppression. Selective PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors have demonstrated the most significant cough suppressive effects, confirming their benefits in chronic inflammatory airway diseases associated with bronchoconstriction and cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Urbanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kertys
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Biomedical Center Martin (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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40
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Yan Y, Jiang W, Liu J, Xu W, Qian H. Expression of Recombinant Phosphodiesterases 3A and 3B Using Baculovirus Expression System. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 14:236-242. [PMID: 28959341 PMCID: PMC5434993 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) play a critical role in the regulation of intracellular level of adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) and guanosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP). Subsequently PDE3 inhibitors have shown to relax vascular and inhibit platelet aggregation in cardiovascular disease.
Objectives
In this study, our aim was to establish a method of expression for the recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B proteins in insect cells using baculovirus expression system in order to investigate the activity of the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins.
Materials and Methods
The full length human PDE3A and PDE3B cDNA were cloned into recombinant baculovirus and transfected into the SF9 insect cells. Recombinant proteins were collected at 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, and 84 h post transfection. Transfection of recombinant baculovirus was verified by the morphological changes of the SF9 cells. Expression of human PDE3A and PDE3B was detected by using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The 125I RIA method was used to determine the level of adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate cAMP and cGMP, correspondingly. The activity of the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins were investigated by cAMP and cGMP dsgradation with or without addition of milrinone, a potent and selective PDE inhibitor.
Results
Recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B proteins were stably expressed in SF9 cells and could be detected by distinct morphological changes in the SF9 cells, RT-PCR, and western blot at 48 h post-transfection. The molecular weights of the recombinant PDE3A and PDE3B molecular weights proteins were about 120 KDa and 135 KDa, respectively. Results of 125I RIA assay showed that the levels of cAMP and cGMP were significantly decreased after incubation with the expressed PDE3A and PDE3B proteins. Furthermore, degradation of cAMP and cGMP through the activity of PDE3A and PDE3B was suppressed following to the addition of milrinone.
Conclusions
Recombinant human PDE3A and PDE3B could be expressed in SF9 cells using baculovirus expression system, and thus provides the basic material for studying human PDE3A and PDE3B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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41
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Page C, Cazzola M. Bifunctional Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 237:197-212. [PMID: 27787715 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the use of fixed dose combinations for the treatment of a range of diseases, including cancer, AIDS, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. It is now evident that patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can also benefit from the use of fixed dose combinations, including combinations of a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and combinations of LABAs and long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs). There are now also "triple inhaler" fixed dose combinations (containing a LABA, LAMA and ICS) under development and already being made available in clinical practice, with the first such triple combination having been approved in India. The use of combinations containing drugs with complementary pharmacological actions in the treatment of patients with asthma or COPD has led to the discovery and development of drugs having two different primary pharmacological actions in the same molecule that we have called "bifunctional drugs". In this review we have discussed the state of the art of bifunctional drugs that can be categorized as bifunctional bronchodilators, bifunctional bronchodilator/anti-inflammatory drugs, bifunctional anti-inflammatory drugs and bifunctional mucolytic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Research Unit of Respiratory Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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42
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Tavares LP, Garcia CC, Vago JP, Queiroz-Junior CM, Galvão I, David BA, Rachid MA, Silva PMR, Russo RC, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 during Pneumococcal Pneumonia Reduces Inflammation and Lung Injury in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:24-34. [PMID: 26677751 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0083oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The inflammatory response to bacteria is necessary to control infection, but it may also contribute to tissue damage. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, such as rolipram (ROL), effectively reduce inflammation. Here, we examined the impact of ROL in a pneumococcal pneumonia murine model. Mice were infected intranasally with 10(5)-10(6) CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae, treated with ROL in a prophylactic or therapeutic schedule in combination, or not, with the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Inflammation and bacteria counts were assessed, and ex vivo phagocytosis assays were performed. ROL treatment during S. pneumoniae infection decreased neutrophil recruitment into lungs and airways and reduced lung injury. Prophylactic ROL treatment also decreased cytokine levels in the airways. Although modulation of inflammation by ROL ameliorated pneumonia, bacteria burden was not reduced. On the other hand, antibiotic therapy reduced bacteria without reducing neutrophil infiltration, cytokine level, or lung injury. Combined ROL and ceftriaxone treatment decreased lethality rates and was more efficient in reducing inflammation, by increasing proresolving protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) expression, and bacterial burden by enhancing phagocytosis. Lack of AnxA1 increased inflammation and lethality induced by pneumococcal infection. These data show that immunomodulatory effects of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors are useful during severe pneumococcal pneumonia and suggest their potential benefit as adjunctive therapy during infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- 2 Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Vago
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,3 Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,4 Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- 4 Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna A David
- 4 Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milene A Rachid
- 5 Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M R Silva
- 6 Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| | - Remo C Russo
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,7 Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- 1 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,3 Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,4 Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Sicinska P, Bukowska B, Pajak A, Koceva-Chyla A, Pietras T, Nizinkowski P, Gorski P, Koter-Michalak M. Decreased activity of butyrylcholinesterase in blood plasma of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:645-651. [PMID: 28507582 PMCID: PMC5420625 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is involved in the metabolism of endogenous lipids and xenobiotics, such as esters of carboxylic or phosphoric acids. Butyrylcholinesterase activity is associated with both inflammation and oxidative stress. Changes in the activity of this enzyme have been observed in various diseases such as liver cirrhosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease and others. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 18 healthy subjects. The COPD patients were divided according to the severity of the disease by applying the classification of COPD based on GOLD standards for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the FEV1/forced expiratory volume (FVC) ratio. The control group comprised blood samples collected from healthy subjects without concomitant diseases related to the respiratory system. Butyrylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in the blood plasma. RESULTS A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activity of BChE, associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity, was observed in blood plasma of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS The study shows for the first time that activity of BChE in the blood plasma of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is considerably reduced compared with healthy subjects. These changes were accompanied by a decrease of TAC and an increase of lipid peroxidation, which suggests that they may be related to the oxidative stress induced by COPD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sicinska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bozena Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Pajak
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Koceva-Chyla
- Department of Thermobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Nizinkowski
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Gorski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Koter-Michalak
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Murad HA, Habib HS, Rafeeq MM, Sulaiman MI, Abdulrahman AS, Khabaz MN. Co-inhalation of roflumilast, rather than formoterol, with fluticasone more effectively improves asthma in asthmatic mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:516-526. [PMID: 28056550 PMCID: PMC5367656 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roflumilast is approved as an add-on therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly neutrophilic, while in asthma it is mainly eosinophilic, studies addressing role of roflumilast in eosinophilic inflammation are recommended. Also in severe asthma, the dominant inflammatory cells are neutrophils. Thus, roflumilast has a potential off-label use in the treatment of asthma. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of co-inhalation of roflumilast and fluticasone compared to that of formoterol and fluticasone in ovalbumin-sensitized and-challenged BALB/c mice. Besides normal control group, the ovalbumin-asthmatic mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8): positive control, vehicle-treated, and five drug-treated groups. Treatments (µg/kg) were given as 15 min-inhalation once/day for five days as follows: roflumilast (500), formoterol (50), fluticasone (1000), roflumilast + fluticasone (500 + 1000), and formoterol + fluticasone (50 + 1000). Penh values were measured in conscious unrestrained mice using the single-chamber whole-body plethysmography. Airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine was evaluated. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was used for the measurements of levels of IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, OVA-specific IgE, and total and differential white cells. Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff. The asthmatic mice showed significant increases in airway hyperreactivity which were significantly reversed by the combination treatments. The asthmatic mice showed significant increases in levels of IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, ovalbumin-specific IgE, and total and differential white cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. All treatments (except formoterol) significantly reversed these changes mainly with roflumilast + fluticasone. The asthmatic mice showed severe inflammatory infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia which were maximally reversed by roflumilast + fluticasone, while minimally reversed by formoterol. In conclusion, co-inhalation of roflumilast + fluticasone more significantly improved inflammation and histopathological changes than co-inhalation of formoterol + fluticasone in ovalumin-asthmatic mice. Further studies are needed to help confirm the potential off-label add-on use of roflumilast in typical and atypical asthma and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Impact statement Roflumilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, was approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study showed that co-inhalation of roflumilast and fluticasone significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalumin-asthmatic mice. Also, it more significantly improved inflammation and histopathological changes than co-inhalation of formoterol and fluticasone. The current results showed that inhaled roflumilast reduced counts of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Consequently, inhaled roflumilast might be of potential off-label benefit in treatment of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). These results could also support other experimental and clinical studies addressing the same issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hamed S Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour I Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer S Abdulrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Thomson NC. New and developing non-adrenoreceptor small molecule drugs for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:283-293. [PMID: 28099820 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1284794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with an inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) are the preferred long-term treatment for adults and adolescents with symptomatic asthma. Additional drugs include leukotriene-receptor antagonists, slow-release theophylline and the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium (approved in 2015). There is a need for more effective therapies, as many patients continue to have poorly controlled asthma. Areas covered: New and developing long-acting non-adrenoreceptor synthetic drugs for the treatment of symptomatic chronic asthma despite treatment with an ICS alone or combined with a LABA. Data was reviewed from studies published up until November 2016. Expert opinion: Tiotropium improves lung function and has a modest effect in reducing exacerbations when added to ICS alone or ICS and LABA. The LAMAs umeclidinium and glycopyrronium are under development in fixed dose combination with ICS and LABA. Novel small molecule drugs, such as CRTH2 receptor antagonists, PDE4 inhibitors, protein kinase inhibitors and nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonists and 'off-label' use of licensed drugs, such as macrolides and statins are under investigation for asthma, although their effectiveness in clinical practice is not established. To better achieve the goal of developing effective novel small molecule drugs for asthma will require greater understanding of mechanisms of disease and the different phenotypes and endotypes of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- a Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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46
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Thomson NC. New and developing non-adrenoreceptor small molecule drugs for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.10.1080/14656566.2017.1284794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Theophylline is an orally acting xanthine that has been used since 1937 for the treatment of respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, in most treatment guidelines, xanthines have now been consigned to third-line therapy because of their narrow therapeutic window and propensity for drug-drug interactions. However, lower than conventional doses of theophylline considered to be bronchodilator are now known to have anti-inflammatory actions of relevance to the treatment of respiratory disease. The molecular mechanism(s) of action of theophylline are not well understood, but several potential targets have been suggested including non-selective inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE), inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, adenosine receptor antagonism and increased activity of certain histone deacetylases. Although theophylline has a narrow therapeutic window, other xanthines are in clinical use that are claimed to have a better tolerability such as doxofylline and bamifylline. Nonetheless, xanthines still play an important role in the treatment of asthma and COPD as they can show clinical benefit in patients who are refractory to glucocorticosteroid therapy, and withdrawal of xanthines from patients causes worsening of disease, even in patients taking concomitant glucocorticosteroids.More recently the orally active selective PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, has been introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of severe COPD on top of gold standard treatment. This drug has been shown to improve lung function in patients with severe COPD and to reduce exacerbations, but is dose limited by a range side effect, particularly gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spina
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - C P Page
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Huang WC, Tu RS, Chen YL, Tsai YY, Lin CF, Liou CJ. Conjugated linoleic acids suppress inflammatory response and ICAM-1 expression through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:2025-33. [PMID: 27007063 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) comprise a group of natural unsaturated fatty acids. CLA was reported to have anti-asthma, anti-adiposity, and anti-tumor effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effects of cis-9, trans-11-CLA (c9,t11-CLA) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in TNF-α-stimulated human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. After treating with various doses of c9,t11-CLA (12.5-100 μg ml(-1)), BEAS-2B cells were induced into an inflamed state by adding TNF-α or TNF-α/IL-4. The presence of c9,t11-CLA significantly suppressed the secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, CCL5, and MCP-1. We also found that c9,t11-CLA inhibited ICAM-1 expression, and decreased monocyte adhesion to inflamed bronchial epithelial cells. Interestingly, c9,t11-CLA attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and down-regulated the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of c9,t11-CLA were mediated by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ICAM-1 expression by blocking NF-κB transcription regulation and by attenuating MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan and Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Syuan Tu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan and Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, No. 70, Dazhi St., Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City 104, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan. and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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Nunes IKDC, de Souza ET, Cardozo SVS, Carvalho VDF, Romeiro NC, Silva PMRE, Martins MA, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Synthesis, Pharmacological Profile and Docking Studies of New Sulfonamides Designed as Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162895. [PMID: 27695125 PMCID: PMC5047629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations showed that increased levels of cyclic AMP down-regulate lung inflammatory changes, stimulating the interest in phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 as therapeutic target. Here, we described the synthesis, pharmacological profile and docking properties of a novel sulfonamide series (5 and 6a-k) designed as PDE4 inhibitors. Compounds were screened for their selectivity against the four isoforms of human PDE4 using an IMAP fluorescence polarized protocol. The effect on allergen- or LPS-induced lung inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) was studied in A/J mice, while the xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia test was employed as a behavioral correlate of emesis in rodents. As compared to rolipram, the most promising screened compound, 6a (LASSBio-448) presented a better inhibitory index concerning PDE4D/PDE4A or PDE4D/PDE4B. Accordingly, docking analyses of the putative interactions of LASSBio-448 revealed similar poses in the active site of PDE4A and PDE4C, but slight unlike orientations in PDE4B and PDE4D. LASSBio-448 (100 mg/kg, oral), 1 h before provocation, inhibited allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation in BAL fluid and lung tissue samples. Under an interventional approach, LASSBio-448 reversed ongoing lung eosinophilic infiltration, mucus exacerbation, peribronchiolar fibrosis and AHR by allergen provocation, in a mechanism clearly associated with blockade of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin-2. LASSBio-448 (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) also prevented inflammation and AHR induced by LPS. Finally, the sulfonamide derivative was shown to be less pro-emetic than rolipram and cilomilast in the assay employed. These findings suggest that LASSBio-448 is a new PDE4 inhibitor with marked potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of diseases characterized by lung inflammation, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Everton Tenório de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Suzana Vanessa S. Cardozo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
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50
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Pera T, Penn RB. Bronchoprotection and bronchorelaxation in asthma: New targets, and new ways to target the old ones. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:82-96. [PMID: 27113408 PMCID: PMC4942340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite over 50years of inhaled beta-agonists and corticosteroids as the default management or rescue drugs for asthma, recent research suggests that new therapeutic options are likely to emerge. This belief stems from both an improved understanding of what causes and regulates airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction, and the identification of new targets whose inhibition or activation can relax ASM. In this review we discuss the recent findings that provide new insight into ASM contractile regulation, a revolution in pharmacology that identifies new ways to "tune" G protein-coupled receptors to improve therapeutic efficacy, and the discovery of several novel targets/approaches capable of effecting bronchoprotection or bronchodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Pera
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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