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Shao L, Jin J, Yu G. Childhood environmental risk and youth bedtime procrastination: A path model with life history strategy and sense of control as mediators. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106137. [PMID: 36907784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedtime procrastination is a serious threat to youths' sleep quality and physical and mental health. It is affected by various psychological and physiological factors, but few studies focused on the impact and internal mechanism of childhood experience on bedtime procrastination in adulthood from the evolutionary and developmental perspective. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the distal factors of bedtime procrastination among young people, that is, the association between childhood environmental risk (harshness and unpredictability) and bedtime procrastination, as well as the mediating roles of life history (LH) strategy and sense of control. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING By convenience sampling, 453 Chinese college students aged 16 to 24 (55.2 % males, Mage = 21.21 years) completed questionnaires regarding demographics, childhood environmental harshness (from neighborhood, school, and family), and unpredictability (parental divorce, household moves, and parental employment changes), LH strategy, sense of control, and bedtime procrastination. METHODS Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis model. RESULTS The results showed that childhood environmental harshness and unpredictability were both positively associated with bedtime procrastination. Sense of control had a partial mediating role between harshness and bedtime procrastination (B = 0.02, 95%CI = [0.004, 0.042]), and between unpredictability and bedtime procrastination (B = 0.01, 95%CI = [0.002, 0.031]), respectively. LH strategy and sense of control had a serial mediating role between harshness and bedtime procrastination (B = 0.04, 95%CI = [0.010, 0.074]), and between unpredictability and bedtime procrastination (B = 0.01, 95%CI = [0.003, 0.029]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that childhood environmental harshness and unpredictability are potential predictors of youths' bedtime procrastination. Young people can reduce bedtime procrastination problems by slowing LH strategies and improving their sense of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Jin
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Yu
- Institute of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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Gómez-Soria I, Cuenca-Zaldívar JN, Rodriguez-Roca B, Subirón-Valera AB, Salavera C, Marcén-Román Y, Andrade-Gómez E, Calatayud E. Cognitive Effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Programme on Trained Domains in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3636. [PMID: 36834329 PMCID: PMC9967658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-related subjective memory complaints (SMC) are a common concern among older adults. However, little is known about the effects of cognitive stimulation (CS) interventions on subjective memory complaints. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of a CS programme on global cognition and cognitive functions of older adults with SMC. A randomised clinical trial was conducted on older adults with SMC, including 308 participants ≥65 years of age assessed 6 and 12 months after the intervention. The assessment instrument was the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35), and all domains of the instrument were assessed. For statistical analysis, the data were analysed using robust ANOVA with means truncated at 20% utilising a two-way repeated measures model, with between (groups) and within (measurements) factors. In post hoc tests, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of exact permutations between groups and Bonferroni correction were applied. In post hoc between-group tests, significant differences were found: (1) post-treatment in MEC-35, temporal orientation, short-term memory (STM), global language and praxis, and language and praxis (p ≤ 0.005); (2) at 6 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, and STM (p = 0.005); (3) at 12 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, STM, global language and praxis, and language (p = 0.005). This study shows benefits in global cognition and orientation, temporal orientation, STM, and language in older adults with SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisioterapia y Dolor, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Group in Nursing and Health Care, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Physical Therapy Unit, Primary Health Care Center “El Abajón”, Las Rozas de Madrid, 28231 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Salavera
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Education Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Marcén-Román
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Andrade-Gómez
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Stinchcombe A, Hammond NG. Social determinants of memory change: A three-year follow-up of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104830. [PMID: 36257162 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in memory can interfere with activities of daily living and may be indicative of serious health concerns such as mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia have been shown to cluster around inequalities, suggesting that minority groups may be at an increased risk for cognitive decline. We sought to clarify the relationship between social determinants and change in memory function over a 3-year follow-up period, after accounting for demographic and health variables. METHODS We used baseline and first follow-up data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Our primary analysis consisted of a multivariable linear regression model (n = 30,475). Demographic, health, education and occupation, social support, social identity, and social positioning variables (predictors) were measured at baseline. We computed a reliable change index (outcome) using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). RESULTS Older age and some health considerations (e.g., higher body mass index, low hearing) were associated with a greater decline in memory over the three-year period. In contrast, some physical activity and better self-rated general health were associated with improvements in memory. Having a hobby and better perceived social standing were associated with greater memory improvement. Social identities who experience minority stress (sexual orientation, gender identity, and race) did not predict change in memory. DISCUSSION Altogether, these results contribute to a growing body of evidence that points to older members of minoritized communities exhibiting initial differences in cognitive functioning (i.e., cross-sectional differences) but not more rapid cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stinchcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nicole G Hammond
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chamberlain JD, Sprague BN, Ross LA. Age- and time-varying associations between subjective health and episodic memory in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:673-682. [PMID: 34329436 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are positive correlations between subjective health reports and episodic memory performance in older adults. However, previous studies have not evaluated the scope of such complex relationships, nor the potentially nonlinear magnitude of these correlations across age and time. We employed multiple subjective heath indices to evaluate the scope and nonlinearity of such relationships with memory performance. METHOD We utilized a cross-sectional (N = 2,783 at baseline) and longitudinal sample (N = 311) of healthy older adults aged 65 and older from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study. We used time-varying effects modeling (TVEM) to assess potential differences in relationship magnitudes between memory and three subjective health subscales (general health, role physical function, and physical function, from the Short Form Health Survey; SF-36) across five years. RESULTS Episodic memory positively predicted all subjective health measures cross-sectionally and longitudinally in our sample. TVEM revealed the relationships between all subjective health measures and episodic memory were stable across age. While role physical function and physical function maintained stable relationships with episodic memory across time, general health became increasingly coupled with memory five years following baseline. DISCUSSION Together, our findings highlight stable and varying relationships between episodic memory and multiple subjective health indicators across metrics of time in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Chamberlain
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Briana N Sprague
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lesley A Ross
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Farrell MT, Jia Y, Berkman LF, Wagner RG. Do You See What Eye See? Measurement, Correlates, and Functional Associations of Objective and Self-Reported Vision Impairment in Aging South Africans. J Aging Health 2021; 33:803-816. [PMID: 34029165 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211012839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Our study investigates measurement, correlates, and functional associations of vision impairment (VI) in an aging population in rural South Africa. Methods: 1582 participants aged 40-69 reported on near (NVI) and distance vision impairment (DVI) and completed objective vision tests. Logistic and linear regression were used to evaluate sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial correlates of VI and assess relationships between VI and cognitive and physical function. Results: VI prevalence was considerably higher according to objective testing (56%) versus self-reports (18%). Older adults were especially likely to underreport impairment. Objective VI was associated with age, education, cardiometabolic disease, and female sex. Conversely, self-reported VI was associated with psychosocial factors. Objective NVI and both types of DVI were associated with worse visual cognition and slower gait speed, respectively. Discussion: Self-reported and objective VI measures should not be used interchangeably in this context. Our findings highlight extensive burden of untreated VI in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan T Farrell
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Del Pozo Cruz B, Del Pozo-Cruz J. Associations between activity fragmentation and subjective memory complaints in middle-aged and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 148:111288. [PMID: 33667619 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are often considered a clinical marker of mild cognitive impairment and dementia and could manifest as shortening of activity bouts throughout the day causing daily activity to accumulate in a more fragmented pattern. In the current study we explored the association between activity fragmentation and SMC in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We used data from 3820 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006) with valid accelerometer SMC data. The analyses were conducted in 2020. To calculate activity fragmentation, an active-to-sedentary transition probability was calculated as the number of physical activity bouts (i.e., consecutive minutes registering 100+ counts/min) divided by the total sum of minutes spent in physical activity. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was conducted to examine the association between activity fragmentation (scaled) and SMC (yes/no). RESULTS Higher activity fragmentation was associated with an increased likelihood of self-reported SMC in the study population (Odd Ratio [95% Confidence Interval] = 1.335 [1.067, 1.669]; Average Marginal Effect [95%CI] = 0.029 [0.006, 0.052]; p-value = 0.021). This association was independent of total physical activity volume. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support that studying fragmented activity patterns can be useful in identifying those at risk for SMC, over and above total volume of physical activity. Future longitudinal studies are required to establish causality and the temporal order of the observed association. Nevertheless, activity fragmentation in middle-aged and older adults may reflect pre-clinical signs of future neurodegenerative processes indicating potential targets for modification through intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Motivation and Behavior Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jesus Del Pozo-Cruz
- Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across the Lifespan Research Group, Departament of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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McDougall GJ, McDonough IM, LaRocca M. Memory training for adults with probable mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1433-1441. [PMID: 30303394 PMCID: PMC6458094 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1484884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of memory training and health training intervention over a 24-month period in people with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research Design & Methods: Based on the accepted criteria, and the neuropsychiatric measures used in the trial, MCI was defined as a subjective change in cognition, impairment in episodic memory, preservation of independence of functional abilities, and no dementia. Without a neurological assessment, laboratory tests, and psychometric evaluation combined, some of our participants may have had dementia that we were unable to detect through neuropsychological testing. Of the 263 total participants, 39 met criteria for a diagnosis of MCI. There were 19 adults in the memory and 20 in health training conditions. Both groups received twenty hours of classroom content that included eight hours of booster sessions at three months post intervention. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) and standardized regression-based (SBR) analyses were used to test the efficacy of the intervention on immediate recall, delayed recall, subjective memory complaints, and memory self-efficacy. Age, education, depression, racial group, ethnic group, MMSE score, and baseline performance were included as covariates. Results: Over 24 months, the MCI group in the memory training condition showed better objective and subjective memory outcomes compared with the MCI group in the health training condition. Conclusions: Senior WISE Memory training delivered to individuals with MCI was able to forestall the participants' declining cognitive ability and sustain the benefit over two years in both subjective and objective memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael LaRocca
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center
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de Almeida ML, Dalpubel D, Ribeiro EB, de Oliveira ESB, Ansai JH, Vale FAC. Subjective cognitive impairment, cognitive disorders and self-perceived health: The importance of the informant. Dement Neuropsychol 2019; 13:335-342. [PMID: 31555407 PMCID: PMC6753912 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great divergence of results in the literature regarding the clinical relevance and etiology of subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Currently, SCI is studied as a pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease, before establishing a possible diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The hypothesis was that SCI is associated with low cognitive performance and poor self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luciano de Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil MSc, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dalpubel
- Universidade de São Paulo Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil MSc, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Barbosa Ribeiro
- Federal University of São Carlos Nursing Department São CarlosSP Brazil MSc, Nursing Department - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schneider Bueno de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo Federal University of São Carlos Statistic Department São CarlosSP Brazil MSc, Statistic Department - Federal University of São Carlos/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hotta Ansai
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo GrandeMS Brazil PhD, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Carvalho Vale
- Federal University of São Carlos Medicine Department São CarlosSP Brazil PhD, Medicine Department - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Maggio C, Soubelet A, Faure S, Fort I. The relationships between perceived control and episodic memory in adulthood: a review. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:222-243. [PMID: 29303030 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1423022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current paper is to review the literature on the relationships between perceived control and episodic memory throughout adulthood. More specifically, three major questions are pursued: (1) Are higher levels of perceived control related to better memory performance? (2) Is the relationship between perceived control and memory similar or different as a function of age? (3) Does perceived control moderate memory decline? Although there is a great deal of evidence that perceived control and episodic memory are positively related in adulthood, the current review showed that very few studies have investigated whether age moderated this relationship. Moreover, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of perceived control in memory decline, and the results are inconsistent. We suggest some avenues for future research that could help understand by which mechanisms, and under what circumstances, perceived control and episodic memory are related across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Maggio
- a Department of Psychology , University of Côte d'Azur , Nice , Cedex 4 , France
| | - Andrea Soubelet
- b Department of Psychology , University of Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
| | - Sylvane Faure
- a Department of Psychology , University of Côte d'Azur , Nice , Cedex 4 , France
| | - Isabelle Fort
- c Department of Psychology , Aix-Marseille University , Aix-en-Provence , Cedex 01 , France
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Cosentino S, Devanand D, Gurland B. A Link between Subjective Perceptions of Memory and Physical Function: Implications for Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1387-1398. [PMID: 29376850 PMCID: PMC6436538 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Subjective impairment in memory is a frequently defining feature of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a state hypothesized to precede objectively apparent cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to hold promise as a non-invasive, inexpensive, preclinical indicator of AD. However, a full model of the factors that contribute to subjective memory (SM), and therefore to SCD, has yet to be articulated. While SM impairment is widely known to be associated with negative affect, the extent to which SM functioning may also reflect other factors, particularly subjective beliefs or perceptions about one's health, is not known. To examine the extent to which SM is associated with subjective perceptions of health more broadly, the current study investigated the link between SM and subjective physical functioning (independent of depressive affect, and objective cognitive and physical function) in an ethnically diverse sample of 471 older adults enrolled in the population-based Northern Manhattan Aging Project. 199 (42%) participants endorsed no difficulty on a 5-point SM index while 272 (58%) endorsed some degree of difficulty. As hypothesized, SM correlated with both depression and subjective physical function, but not with age, education, global cognition, or objective physical function. When objective and subjective physical function were entered in two separate, adjusted linear regressions predicting SM, only subjective physical function and depressive affect independently predicted SM. Subjective perceptions of memory appear to reflect individuals' broader health perceptions in part. Articulating the various correlates of SM will improve identification of SCD specific to preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Morris W. Stroud III Center for the Study of Quality of Life, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Davangere Devanand
- Morris W. Stroud III Center for the Study of Quality of Life, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Gurland
- Morris W. Stroud III Center for the Study of Quality of Life, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Curtis RG, Windsor TD, Luszcz MA. Perceived Control Moderates the Effects of Functional Limitation on Older Adults' Social Activity: Findings From the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:571-581. [PMID: 26424833 PMCID: PMC5926994 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has shown that functional limitation is related to reduced social activity in older adults; however, individuals with high perceived control have greater confidence in their ability to achieve outcomes and are more likely to show persistence and employ strategies to overcome challenges. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceived control protects against the negative effects of functional limitation on older adults' social activity. METHOD Participants were 835 older adults aged 69 to 103 years at baseline from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Multilevel modeling was used to examine baseline and within-person change in functional limitation and perceived control as predictors of 18-year trajectories of social activity. RESULTS An interaction between baseline functional limitation and perceived control indicated that having greater functional limitation was associated with less social activity and greater decline over time for those with lower perceived control, but not for those with higher control. Within-person change in functional limitation was not reliably associated with social activity. DISCUSSION This study highlights the importance of perceived control as a protective psychological resource and may have implications for developing interventions aimed at enabling older adults to maintain their social activity as they experience functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Curtis
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim D Windsor
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary A Luszcz
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hülür G, Gerstorf D. Editorial: subjective perceptions of memory functioning in old age - nature, correlates, and developmental trajectories. Gerontology 2015; 61:218-22. [PMID: 25790841 DOI: 10.1159/000371757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective memory complaints are often used as diagnostic criteria for several neurocognitive disorders. Although a number of studies have examined subjective memory and its associations with memory functioning in adulthood and old age, it is still an open question whether subjective perceptions of one's memory indicate actual memory functioning or whether they are rather derived from factors other than memory, such as depressive symptoms. The studies in this special section examine subjective perceptions of memory functioning and their associations with objectively measured memory performance in general and in clinical populations. The four articles adopt cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies and offer key insights into the nature, correlates, and developmental trajectories of subjective memory. To begin with, the studies compiled in this special section demonstrate that changes in subjective memory perceptions are indeed associated with changes in memory performance [Zimprich and Kurtz, this issue, pp. 223-231], but the size of associations between levels of and changes in subjective memory and memory performance is in part modulated by personality characteristics and depressive symptoms [Hülür et al., this issue, pp. 232-240]. Second, the studies compiled here show that factors other than memory are also closely associated with memory perceptions, including functional health as well as domain-general and health-specific control beliefs [Luszcz et al., this issue, pp. 241-250]. Third, the study by Thompson et al. [this issue, pp. 251-257] shows that self- and informant-reports of retrospective and prospective memory difficulties are not associated with performance-based measures and does not sufficiently differentiate between healthy controls and patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. In our editorial, we put these findings in perspective and discuss implications for research and practice. To extend our knowledge, we conclude by outlining two key avenues for future research: (i) longitudinal multivariate studies of the construct space surrounding subjective memory and (ii) the viability of experience sampling studies with daily or hourly measurements to tackle some of the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Hülür
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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