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Kamal R, Awasthi A, Paul P, Mir MS, Singh SK, Dua K. Novel drug delivery systems in colorectal cancer: Advances and future prospects. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155546. [PMID: 39191194 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal proliferation of cells within the colon and rectum, leading to the formation of polyps and disruption of mucosal functions. The disease development is influenced by a combination of factors, including inflammation, exposure to environmental mutagens, genetic alterations, and impairment in signaling pathways. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often used but have limitations, including poor solubility and permeability, treatment resistance, side effects, and post-surgery issues. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have emerged as a superior alternative, offering enhanced drug solubility, precision in targeting cancer cells, and regulated drug release. Thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional therapies and showing promise for more effective CRC management. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, need for NDDS, and application of NDDS against CRC. Additionally, clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials, marketed formulations, and patents on CRC are also covered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, PCTE Group of Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Shabab Mir
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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2
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Malik YG, Benth JŠ, Hamre HM, Færden AE, Schultz JK. Effect of radiotherapy on long-term quality of life in recurrence-free rectal cancer survivors (LaTE study): nationwide inverse probability of treatment-weighted registry-based cohort study and survey. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrae091. [PMID: 39240223 PMCID: PMC11378401 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy reduces local recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer, but may cause harm in patients who do not experience recurrence. The aim was to investigate the impact of radiotherapy on long-term quality of life after curative treatment for rectal cancer, i.e. in patients without a recurrence during the follow-up. METHODS All patients operated on for rectal cancer in Norway under 75 years of age between 30 September 2007 and 1 October 2020 were identified using the Cancer Registry of Norway. Exclusion criteria were distant metastasis, recurrence and dementia. The primary outcome measure was the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index. Secondary outcome measures included the 36-item Short Form Survey. Inverse probability weights based on a multiple logistic regression model were used to balance prechosen covariates between the radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups when assessing differences in outcomes. RESULTS Of 5014 invited patients, 2142 (43%) eligible patients answered the questionnaires. Of these 762 (36%) were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy plus surgery and 1380 (64%) with surgery alone. The mean follow-up time was 6.4 and 7.4 years respectively. After propensity score matching, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index differed significantly between irradiated and non-irradiated patients ((mean(s.d.), mean score 103.8(19.4) versus 110.8(19.6) respectively, mean difference: -6.96 (95% c.i. -8.72 to -5.19); P < 0.001). Among patients without a stoma the mean difference was -8.1 points, whereas it was -5.7 for patients with a stoma. The radiotherapy group also scored significantly lower in 7 of 8 36-item Short Form Survey domains compared with the surgery alone group. CONCLUSION Long-term quality of life was significantly lower in patients without a recurrence during the follow-up who received radiotherapy compared with patients who did not. These findings warrant a critical re-evaluation of the use of radiotherapy both in traditional neoadjuvant treatment and in modern organ-preserving treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir G Malik
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hanne M Hamre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arne E Færden
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Johannes K Schultz
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ahmad Zawawi SS, Salleh EA, Musa M. Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:409-431. [PMID: 38745769 PMCID: PMC11090692 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyn Amiela Salleh
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Shen MZ, Zhang Y, Wu F, Shen MZ, Liang JL, Zhang XL, Liu XJ, Li XS, Wang RS. MicroRNA-298 determines the radio-resistance of colorectal cancer cells by directly targeting human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1453-1464. [PMID: 38660649 PMCID: PMC11037043 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy stands as a promising therapeutic modality for colorectal cancer (CRC); yet, the formidable challenge posed by radio-resistance significantly undermines its efficacy in achieving CRC remission. AIM To elucidate the role played by microRNA-298 (miR-298) in CRC radio-resistance. METHODS To establish a radio-resistant CRC cell line, HT-29 cells underwent exposure to 5 gray ionizing radiation that was followed by a 7-d recovery period. The quantification of miR-298 levels within CRC cells was conducted through quantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression determination was realized through Western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and proliferation by clonogenic assay. Radio-induced apoptosis was discerned through flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS We observed a marked upregulation of miR-298 in radio-resistant CRC cells. MiR-298 emerged as a key determinant of cell survival following radiation exposure, as its overexpression led to a notable reduction in radiation-induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, miR-298 expression exhibited a strong correlation with CRC cell viability. Further investigation unveiled human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) as miR-298's direct target. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings underline the role played by miR-298 in bolstering radio-resistance in CRC cells by means of DYRK1A downregulation, thereby positioning miR-298 as a promising candidate for mitigating radio-resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhu Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun-Lin Liang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin-Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ren-Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Park M, Ha J, Lee Y, Kwon Y, Choi SH, Kim BS, Jeong YK. BR101801 enhances the radiosensitivity of p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells by inducing G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in a p53-independent manner. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5887-5900. [PMID: 38187039 PMCID: PMC10767343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in the non-homologous end-joining repair pathway reportedly increases the radiation sensitivity of cancer cells. We have recently reported that BR101801, a novel triple inhibitor of PI3K-gamma (γ), delta (δ), and DNA-PK, functions as an efficient sensitizer of radiation-induced DNA damage in various human solid cancer cells and a xenograft mouse model. Given that the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in radiotherapeutic efficacy, in the current study, we focused on the impact of the p53 status on BR101801-induced radiosensitization using isogenic HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- human colorectal cancer cell lines. In vitro, HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- human colorectal cancer cells were pretreated with 1 μM BR101801 for 24 h before exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), followed by assays to analyze colony formation, DNA damage, cell cycle changes, senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA damage response-related proteins. Xenograft mouse models were constructed to examine the potential synergistic effects of BR101801 (50 mg/kg, orally administered once daily) and fractionated IR (2 Gy × 3 days) on tumor growth inhibition in vivo. BR101801 inhibited cell proliferation and prolonged DNA damage in both HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- human colorectal cancer cells. Combined treatment with BR101801 and IR robustly induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in HCT116 p53-/- cells when compared with treatment with IR alone. Furthermore, BR101801 synergistically inhibited tumor growth in the HCT116 p53-/- xenograft mouse model. BR101801 enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells regardless of their p53 status. Moreover, BR101801 exerted robust synergistic effects on IR-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition, even in radioresistant HCT116 p53-/- cells. Overall, these findings provide a scientific rationale for combining BR101801 with IR as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome radioresistance induced by p53 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Ha
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Research Team of Medical Physics and Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Jeong
- Radiological and Medical Support Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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Van Dingenen L, Segers C, Wouters S, Mysara M, Leys N, Kumar-Singh S, Malhotra-Kumar S, Van Houdt R. Dissecting the role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in radio- and immunotherapy treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1298264. [PMID: 38035338 PMCID: PMC10687483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1298264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and poses a major burden on the human health worldwide. At the moment, treatment of CRC consists of surgery in combination with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have also been approved for CRC treatment. In addition, recent studies have shown that radiotherapy and ICBs act synergistically, with radiotherapy stimulating the immune system that is activated by ICBs. However, both treatments are also associated with severe toxicity and efficacy issues, which can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of these treatment programs. There's growing evidence pointing to the gut microbiome playing a role in these issues. Some microorganisms seem to contribute to radiotherapy-associated toxicity and hinder ICB efficacy, while others seem to reduce radiotherapy-associated toxicity or enhance ICB efficacy. Consequently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied to reduce radio- and immunotherapy-related toxicity and enhance their efficacies. Here, we have reviewed the currently available preclinical and clinical data in CRC treatment, with a focus on how the gut microbiome influences radio- and immunotherapy toxicity and efficacy and if these treatments could benefit from FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Van Dingenen
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Segers
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Shari Wouters
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Natalie Leys
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Khozooei S, Veerappan S, Bonzheim I, Singer S, Gani C, Toulany M. Fisetin overcomes non-targetability of mutated KRAS induced YB-1 signaling in colorectal cancer cells and improves radiosensitivity by blocking repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109867. [PMID: 37634766 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KRAS is frequently mutated, and the Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutant KRAS (KRASmut) stimulates YB-1 through MAPK/RSK and PI3K/AKT, independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family is a switch-site upstream of AKT and RSK. The flavonoid compound fisetin inhibits RSK-mediated YB-1 signaling. We sought the most effective molecular targeting approach that interferes with DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and induces radiosensitivity of CRC cells, independent of KRAS mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS KRAS activity and KRAS mutation were analyzed by Ras-GTP assay and NGS. Effect of dual targeting of RSK and AKT (DT), the effect of fisetin as well as targeting PAK by FRAX486 and EGFR by erlotinib on YB-1 activity was tested by Western blotting after irradiation in vitro and ex vivo. Additionally, the effect of DT and FRAX486 on DSB repair pathways was tested in cells expressing reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways by flow cytometry analysis. Residual DSBs and clonogenicity were examined by γH2AX- and clonogenic assays, respectively. RESULTS Erlotinib neither blocked DSB repair nor inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation under KRAS mutation condition in vitro and ex vivo. DT and FRAX486 effectively inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation independent of KRAS mutation status and diminished homologous recombination (HR) and alternative non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. DT and FRAX486 inhibited DSB repair in CaCo2 but not in isogenic KRASG12V cells. Fisetin inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation, blocked DSB repair and increased radiosensitivity, independent of KRAS mutation status. CONCLUSION Combination of fisetin with radiotherapy may improve CRC radiation response, regardless of KRASmut status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khozooei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soundaram Veerappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cihan Gani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Najafi A, Keykhaee M, Kazemi MH, Karimi MY, Khorramdelazad H, Aghamohamadi N, Bolouri MR, Ghaffari-Nazari H, Mirsharif ES, Karimi M, Dehghan Manshadi HR, Mahdavi SR, Safari E, Jalali SA, Falak R, Khoobi M. Catalase-gold nanoaggregates manipulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the effect of low-dose radiation therapy by reducing hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115557. [PMID: 37757491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy as a standard method for cancer treatment faces tumor recurrence and antitumoral unresponsiveness. Suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and hypoxia are significant challenges affecting efficacy of radiotherapy. Herein, a versatile method is introduced for the preparation of pH-sensitive catalase-gold cross-linked nanoaggregate (Au@CAT) having acceptable stability and selective activity in tumor microenvironment. Combining Au@CAT with low-dose radiotherapy enhanced radiotherapy effects via polarizing protumoral immune cells to the antitumoral landscape. This therapeutic approach also attenuated hypoxia, confirmed by downregulating hypoxia hallmarks, such as hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits (HIF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and EGF. Catalase stability against protease digestion was improved significantly in Au@CAT compared to the free catalase. Moreover, minimal toxicity of Au@CAT on normal cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) were confirmed in vitro compared with radiotherapy. Using the nanoaggregates combined with radiotherapy led to a significant reduction of immunosuppressive infiltrating cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (T-regs) compared to the other groups. While, this combined therapy could significantly increase the frequency of CD8+ cells as well as M1 to M2 macrophages (MQs) ratio. The combination therapy also reduced the tumor size and increased survival rate in mice models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our results indicate that this innovative nanocomposite could be an excellent system for catalase delivery, manipulating the TME and providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keykhaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Bolouri
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghaffari-Nazari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Milad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center& Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Safari
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Farzam OR, Mehran N, Bilan F, Aghajani E, Dabbaghipour R, Shahgoli GA, Baradaran B. Nanoparticles for imaging-guided photothermal therapy of colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21334. [PMID: 37920521 PMCID: PMC10618772 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. While surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have shown some effectiveness in improving survival rates, they come with drawbacks such as side effects and harm to healthy tissues. The theranostic approach, which integrates the processes of cancer diagnosis and treatment, can minimize biological side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging treatment method that usages light-sensitive agents to generate heat at the tumor site and induce thermal erosion. The development of nanotechnology for CRC treatment using imaging-guided PTT has garnered significant. Nanoparticles with suitable physical and chemical properties can enhance the efficiency of cancer diagnosis and PTT. This approach enables the monitoring of cancer treatment progress and safeguards healthy tissues. In this article, we concisely introduce the application of metal nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon nanoparticles in imaging-guided PTT of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Mehran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Bilan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aghajani
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Dabbaghipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Nazari N, Zandsalimi F, Abdolhosseini M, Ghahremani MH, Motevaseli E. Bacillus subtilis supernatant improves the efficacy of radiation therapy in rat intestinal epithelial cells by upregulation of bax and caspase-3 genes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7639-7647. [PMID: 37528313 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Cancer (CC) is among the most prevalent cancers in elderly persons. Radiotherapy is usually prescribed as CC develops, however, radiation beams indiscriminately affect normal cells. Previous studies nominated that probiotics and their metabolites can be used to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy. Hereby, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable correlation between cell-free supernatant of Bacillus subtilis and radiation response in normal and cancerous cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS IEC-18 and SW-48 cells were treated with different concentrations of B. subtilis supernatant. To evaluate the effect of probiotic treatments under radiation and the normal situation, the cytotoxicity of the treatments was measured using the MTT method. The cell cycle status was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 genes were also determined by real-time (RT) PCR. B. subtilis supernatant increased the viability of normal cells under radiation treatment, although this effect was not significant. 40% v/v of this mixture could amplify the lethal effect of radiation and decreased the viability of cancer cells. SW-48 cells that received 40% v/v of the supernatant had a significantly higher rate of apoptosis. Probiotic supernatant effectively induced the expression of proapoptotic Bax and Caspase 3 genes. CONCLUSION Presented results confirmed that the supernatant of B. subtilis can be supposed as a clue to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy in CC patients as it increased the sensitivity of cancerous cells and protected normal epithelial cells from detrimental effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Nazari
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Zandsalimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoreh Abdolhosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Shi CS, Kuan FC, Chin CC, Li JM. Modulation of mitochondrial apoptosis by β2-adrenergic receptor blockage in colorectal cancer after radiotherapy: an in-vivo and in-vitro study. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3741-3752. [PMID: 37693145 PMCID: PMC10492122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy is often combined with surgery to treat patients with more advanced CRC. Despite impressive initial clinical responses, radiotherapy resistance is the main reason for most treatment failures in colorectal cancer. The G protein-coupled adrenergic receptor (AR) has shown to involve in the development and radiotherapy resistance of CRC. The β2-AR blockage (ICI-118,551) can use to inhibit the progression of CRC through downregulating EGFR-Akt-ERK1/2 signaling. Since catecholamines-activated the G protein-coupled AR activation has been shown to result in radioresistant, co-treatment with both β2-AR blockage and radiation may be improved the clinical outcome of CRC. We demonstrated that selective β2-AR blockage, but not selective β1-AR blockage, significantly enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in CRC cells with wild-type p53 in vitro. The molecular mechanism of the apoptotic pathway was possibly triggered by a change in the mitochondrial membrane permeability and release of cytosolic cytochrome C through phospho-P53 mitochondrial translocation. We also found that a P53 knockout in the HCT116 cells was correlated with reversing β2-AR blockage-mediated apoptosis induction after radiation treatment. Furthermore, the β2-AR blockage significantly inhibited CRC cell-xenograft growth in vivo. Our study suggests that β2-AR blockage may be used as adjunct agent for improving the clinical outcomes of CRC following radiotherapy by inducing apoptosis in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Ming Li
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi UniversityChiayi, Taiwan
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12
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Yue X, Liu T, Wang X, Wu W, Wen G, Yi Y, Wu J, Wang Z, Zhan W, Wu R, Meng Y, Cao Z, Le L, Qiu W, Zhang X, Li Z, Chen Y, Wan G, Bu X, Peng Z, Liu RY. Pharmacological inhibition of BAP1 recruits HERC2 to competitively dissociate BRCA1-BARD1, suppresses DNA repair and sensitizes CRC to radiotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3382-3399. [PMID: 37655321 PMCID: PMC10466008 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinical efficacy is limited by the safe irradiated dose. Sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy via interrupting DNA repair is a promising approach to conquering the limitation. The BRCA1-BARD1 complex has been demonstrated to play a critical role in homologous recombination (HR) DSB repair, and its functions may be affected by HERC2 or BAP1. Accumulated evidence illustrates that the ubiquitination-deubiquitination balance is involved in these processes; however, the precise mechanism for the cross-talk among these proteins in HR repair following radiation hasn't been defined. Through activity-based profiling, we identified PT33 as an active entity for HR repair suppression. Subsequently, we revealed that BAP1 serves as a novel molecular target of PT33 via a CRISPR-based deubiquitinase screen. Mechanistically, pharmacological covalent inhibition of BAP1 with PT33 recruits HERC2 to compete with BARD1 for BRCA1 interaction, interrupting HR repair. Consequently, PT33 treatment can substantially enhance the sensitivity of CRC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings provide a mechanistic basis for PT33-induced HR suppression and may guide an effective strategy to improve therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuecen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gesi Wen
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weixiang Zhan
- Department of Oncology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ruirui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhirui Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liyuan Le
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenyan Qiu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ran-yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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13
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Mohammad Mirzaei N, Hao W, Shahriyari L. Investigating the spatial interaction of immune cells in colon cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106596. [PMID: 37168560 PMCID: PMC10165418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate network of interactions between cells and molecules in the tumor microenvironment creates a heterogeneous ecosystem. The proximity of the cells and molecules to their activators and inhibitors is essential in the progression of tumors. Here, we develop a system of partial differential equations coupled with linear elasticity to investigate the effects of spatial interactions on the tumor microenvironment. We observe interesting cell and cytokine distribution patterns, which are heavily affected by macrophages. We also see that cytotoxic T cells get recruited and suppressed at the site of macrophages. Moreover, we observe that anti-tumor macrophages reorganize the patterns in favor of a more spatially restricted cancer and necrotic core. Furthermore, the adjoint-based sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive model's parameters are directly related to macrophages. The results emphasize the widely acknowledged effect of macrophages in controlling cancer cells population and spatially arranging cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, 01003 MA, USA
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802 PA, USA
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, 01003 MA, USA
- Corresponding author
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14
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Guardamagna I, Iaria O, Lonati L, Mentana A, Previtali A, Uggè V, Ivaldi GB, Liotta M, Tabarelli de Fatis P, Scotti C, Pessino G, Maggi M, Baiocco G. Asparagine and Glutamine Deprivation Alters Ionizing Radiation Response, Migration and Adhesion of a p53 null Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032983. [PMID: 36769302 PMCID: PMC9917910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prominent form of colon cancer for both incidence (38.7 per 100,000 people) and mortality (13.9 per 100,000 people). CRC's poor response to standard therapies is linked to its high heterogeneity and complex genetic background. Dysregulation or depletion of the tumor suppressor p53 is involved in CRC transformation and its capability to escape therapy, with p53null cancer subtypes known, in fact, to have a poor prognosis. In such a context, new therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing CRC proliferation must be investigated. In clinical practice, CRC chemotherapy is often combined with radiation therapy with the aim of blocking the expansion of the tumor mass or removing residual cancer cells, though contemporary targeting of amino acid metabolism has not yet been explored. In the present study, we used the p53null Caco-2 model cell line to evaluate the effect of a possible combination of radiation and L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase), a protein drug that blocks cancer proliferation by impairing asparagine and glutamine extracellular supply. When L-ASNase was administered immediately after IR, we observed a reduced proliferative capability, a delay in DNA-damage response and a reduced capability to adhere and migrate. Our data suggest that a correctly timed combination of X-rays and L-ASNase treatment could represent an advantage in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Guardamagna
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ombretta Iaria
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lonati
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Mentana
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Previtali
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Uggè
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Liotta
- Unit of Medical Physics, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Scotti
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Greta Pessino
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maristella Maggi
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Zeng R, Wu H, Qiu X, Zhuo Z, Sha W, Chen H. Predicting survival and immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer: a STAT signaling-related signature. QJM 2022; 115:596-604. [PMID: 34978566 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research advances, studies on predictive models of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain scarce and none have evaluated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. AIM To develop an effective prognostic signature for and evaluate its association with immune microenvironment. DESIGN Comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases with experimental validation. METHODS Gene expression and clinical profiles of CRC patients were extracted from the databases. Differentially expressed genes with prognostic values were used to construct a signature. Immune cell infiltration and composition were further evaluated by TIMER, single-sample gene set enrichment and CIBERSORT analyses. The impact of the hub gene Caveolin-1 (CAV1) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and tumor angiogenesis was experimentally validated. RESULTS The five-gene-based STAT signaling-related prognostic signature was significantly associated with CRC survival, and the nomogram was with improved prognostic efficacy than the conventional TNM stage. The STAT signaling-related signature was correlated with tumor immune microenvironment. CAV1 was further identified as the hub gene within the signature. CAV1 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis as well as senescence of CRC cells. In addition, the tumor angiogenesis of CRC can be suppressed by CAV1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS The STAT signaling-related signature effectively predicts the prognosis and regulates tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. Our study underscores the role of STAT regulator, CAV1, as an important tumor suppressor in CRC carcinogenesis. Modulating STAT and its regulators could be a promising strategy for CRC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeng
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Jinping District, Guangdong, China
| | - H Wu
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Panyu District, Guangdong, China
| | - X Qiu
- Zhuguang Community Healthcare Center, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Zhuo
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Panyu District, Guangdong, China
| | - W Sha
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Baiyun District, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Panyu District, Guangdong, China
| | - H Chen
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Baiyun District, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Panyu District, Guangdong, China
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16
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MALAT1-related signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:126. [PMID: 35305641 PMCID: PMC8933897 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent solid malignancies worldwide. There is a great need of accelerating the development and diagnosis of CRC. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) as transcribed RNA molecules play an important role in every level of gene expression. Metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript‐1 (MALAT1) is a highly conserved nucleus-restricted lncRNA that regulates genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. High expression of MALAT1 is closely related to numerous human cancers. It is generally believed that MALAT1 expression is associated with CRC cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. MALAT1 by targeting multiple signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a pivotal role in CRC pathogenesis. Therefore, MALAT1 can be a potent gene for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this review, we will demonstrate signaling pathways associated with MALAT1 in CRC.
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17
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Ebrahimpour M, Mohammadian M, Pourheydar B, Moradi Z, Behrouzkia Z. Effects of Radiotherapy in Combination With Irinotecan and 17-AAG on Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 Gene Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e9. [DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the cytotoxic and anti-cancer effects of Irinotecan as a conventional chemotherapeutic agent compared to 17-(allyl amino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) as possible radiosensitizers in the HCT-116 cell line were investigated. Methods: HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of irinotecan and 17-AAG and also irradiated with a 2-Gy of X-ray radiation. Then, the cell viability was examined by a water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay after 24 hours. For single therapies and double and triple combination cases, IC50, 0.5×IC50 and 0.25×IC50 concentrations of each drug were selected respectively for a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and other tests. In treated and untreated cells, the caspase 3 and Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were evaluated by the real-time PCR method. Likewise, caspase 3 activity was detected with a colorimetric assay. Results: In all combined treatments, including 17-AAG- radiation, irinotecan - radiation, irinotecan -17-AAG, and irinotecan-17-AAG-radiation, decreased cellular viability and increased TUNEL positive cells were presented versus the control group (P<0.05). There were increased TUNEL positive cells in the triple combination, in concentrations of 0.25×IC50 of each drug, in comparison with single and double agent treatments. Moreover, in triple combination, the caspase 3 mRNA level and caspase 3 activity increased versus related single treatments. Likewise, in the irinotecan-17-AAG-radiation combined treatment and the 17-AAG-radiation double treatment, the Bcl-2 gene expression level decreased in comparison with single therapies. Conclusion: It can be indicated that the combination of chemo-radiotherapy versus single treatments has significant anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ebrahimpour
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhino Moradi
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Behrouzkia
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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18
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Theyra-Enias H, Tumba N, Popoola OB. Management and outcome of colorectal cancer in a resource-limited setting: Ahmadu Bello university teaching hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:923-930. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1948_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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de Souza JB, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Cavalcanti IMF. Strategies for the treatment of colorectal cancer caused by gut microbiota. Life Sci 2021; 290:120202. [PMID: 34896161 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also named as colon and rectal or bowel cancer, is one of the leading neoplasia diagnosed in the world. Genetic sequencing studies of microorganisms from the intestinal microbiota of patients with CRC revealed that changes in its composition occur with the development of the disease, which can play a fundamental role in its development, being mediated by the production of metabolites and toxins that damage enterocytes. Some microorganisms are frequently reported in the literature as the main agents of this process, such as the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and function of each microorganism in CRC is essential for the development of treatment tools that focus on the gut microbiota. This review verifies current research aimed at evaluating the microorganisms present in the microbiota that can influence the development of CRC, as well as possible forms of treatment that can prevent the initiation and/or spread of this disease. Due to the incidence of CRC, alternatives have been launched considering factors beyond those already known in the disease development, such as diet, fecal microbiota transplantation, use of probiotics and antibiotics, which have been widely studied for this purpose. However, despite being promising, the studies that focus on the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the microorganisms that cause CRC still need to be improved and better developed, involving new techniques to elucidate the effectiveness and safety of these new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Barbosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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20
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Yeoh Y, Low TY, Abu N, Lee PY. Regulation of signal transduction pathways in colorectal cancer: implications for therapeutic resistance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12338. [PMID: 34733591 PMCID: PMC8544255 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anti-cancer treatments is a critical and widespread health issue that has brought serious impacts on lives, the economy and public policies. Mounting research has suggested that a selected spectrum of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to respond poorly to both chemotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic regimens. Drug resistance in tumours can occur in an intrinsic or acquired manner, rendering cancer cells insensitive to the treatment of anti-cancer therapies. Multiple factors have been associated with drug resistance. The most well-established factors are the emergence of cancer stem cell-like properties and overexpression of ABC transporters that mediate drug efflux. Besides, there is emerging evidence that signalling pathways that modulate cell survival and drug metabolism play major roles in the maintenance of multidrug resistance in CRC. This article reviews drug resistance in CRC as a result of alterations in the MAPK, PI3K/PKB, Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeelon Yeoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Guardamagna I, Lonati L, Savio M, Stivala LA, Ottolenghi A, Baiocco G. An Integrated Analysis of the Response of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells to X-Ray Exposure. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688919. [PMID: 34150657 PMCID: PMC8209426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the three top cancer types for incidence and the second in terms of mortality, usually managed with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In particular, radiotherapeutic concepts are crucial for the management of advanced rectal cancer, but patients’ survival remains poor, despite advances in treatment modalities. The use of well-characterized in vitro cell culture systems offers an important preclinical strategy to study mechanisms at the basis of cell response to therapeutic agents, including ionizing radiation, possibly leading to a better understanding of the in vivo response to the treatment. In this context, we present an integrated analysis of results obtained in an extensive measurement campaign of radiation effects on Caco-2 cells, derived from human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cells were exposed to X-rays with doses up to 10 Gy from a radiotherapy accelerator. We measured a variety of endpoints at different post-irradiation times: clonogenic survival after ~ 2 weeks; cell cycle distribution, cell death, frequency of micronucleated cells and atypical mitoses, activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and of different proteins involved in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation at earlier time points, up to 48 h post-exposure. Combined techniques of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, gelatin zymography and western blotting were used. For selected endpoints, we also addressed the impact of the irradiation protocol, comparing results obtained when cells are plated before irradiation or first-irradiated and then re-plated. Caco-2 resistance to radiation, previously assessed up to 72 h post exposure in terms of cell viability, does not translate into a high clonogenic survival. Survival is not affected by the irradiation protocol, while endpoints measured on a shorter time frame are. Radiation mainly induces a G2-phase arrest, confirmed by associated molecular markers. The activation of death pathways is dose- and time-dependent, and correlates with a dose-dependent inhibition of MMPs. Genomic aberrations are also found to be dose-dependent. The phosphorylated forms of several proteins involved in cell cycle regulation increase following exposure; the key regulator FoxM1 appears to be downregulated, also leading to inhibition of MMP-2. A unified molecular model of the chain of events initiated by radiation is proposed to interpret all experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Guardamagna
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lonati
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Savio
- Immunology and General Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia A Stivala
- Immunology and General Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ottolenghi
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Hani U, Honnavalli YK, Begum MY, Yasmin S, Osmani RAM, Ansari MY. Colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review based on the novel drug delivery systems approach and its management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Tang RZ, Li ZZ, Hu D, Kanwal F, Yuan CB, Mustaqeem M, Batool AI, Rehman MFU. Sanjie Yiliu Formula Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth by Suppression of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7761-7770. [PMID: 33778287 PMCID: PMC7992181 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. As current therapies toward CRC, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, pose limitations, such as multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as the intrinsic and potential cytotoxic effects, necessitating to find more effective treatment options with fewer side effects, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an advantage in complementary therapies. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assays), trypan blue staining, colony formation, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, cell cycle determination, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to examine the efficacy of Sanjie Yiliu Formula (SJYLF) against CRC proliferation and to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms through protein expression of various proapoptotic factors by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and Western blotting. This four-herb-TCM SJYLF can be suggested as one of the decoctions clinically effective in late-stage cancer treatment. Our results suggest that SJYLF robustly decreased the viability of only CRC cell lines (HCT-8, SW-480, HT-29, and DLD-1) and not the normal human kidney cells (HK-2). Moreover, SJYLF significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT-8 and downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4, and BCL-2, while Bax expression was upregulated at both mRNA and protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu Tang
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Seventh People’s
Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.358, Datong Road, Pudong New
Area, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Zhi Li
- Department
of Hematology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated
to the Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department
of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei 432100, P. R. China
| | - Fariha Kanwal
- Med-X
Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P. R.
China
| | - Cheng Bin Yuan
- Department
of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General
Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
- School
of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Bhakkar, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department
of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Kana SI, Essani K. Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:301-313. [PMID: 33713031 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. A safer and more effective therapeutic intervention against this malignant carcinoma is called for given the limitations and toxicities associated with the currently available treatment modalities. Immuno-oncolytic or oncolytic virotherapy, the use of viruses to selectively or preferentially kill cancer cells, has emerged as a potential anticancer treatment modality. Oncolytic viruses act as double-edged swords against the tumors through the direct cytolysis of cancer cells and the induction of antitumor immunity. A number of such viruses have been tested against colorectal cancer, in both preclinical and clinical settings, and many have produced promising results. Oncolytic virotherapy has also shown synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with conventional treatment regimens. In this review, we describe the status of this therapeutic approach against colorectal cancer at both preclinical and clinical levels. Successes with and the challenges of using oncolytic viruses, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Islam Kana
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA
| | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA.
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25
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Liu B, Ge L, Wang J, Chen YQ, Ma SX, Ma PL, Zhang YQ, Yang KH, Cai H. Efficacy and safety of intraoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:69-86. [PMID: 33510850 PMCID: PMC7805273 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has been increasingly used for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, the efficacy and safety of IORT for the treatment of rectal cancer are still controversial.
AIM To evaluate the value of IORT for patients with rectal cancer.
METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, and conference abstracts and included randomized controlled trials and observational studies on IORT vs non-IORT for rectal cancer. Dichotomous variables were evaluated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI was used as a summary statistic of survival outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS In this study, 3 randomized controlled studies and 12 observational studies were included with a total of 1460 patients, who are mainly residents of Europe, the United States, and Asia. Our results did not show significant differences in 5-year overall survival (HR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.60-1.06; P = 0.126); 5-year disease-free survival (HR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.73-1.22; P = 0.650); abscess (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.67-1.80; P = 0.713), fistulae (OR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.33-1.89; P = 0.600); wound complication (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.62-2.36; P = 0.575); anastomotic leakage (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.59-2.02; P = 0.775); and neurogenic bladder dysfunction (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.31-1.55; P = 0.369). However, the meta-analysis of 5-year local control was significantly different (OR = 3.07, 95%CI = 1.66-5.66; P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION The advantage of IORT is mainly reflected in 5-year local control, but it is not statistically significant for 5-year overall survival, 5-year disease-free survival, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Ge
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Chen
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Pei-Lan Ma
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ke-Hu Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Nath J, Sarma G. Preoperative radiotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer management: So far, so good. JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CANCER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_20_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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27
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Lewis S, Talapatra K. Radiotherapy management of rectal cancer in the backdrop of the COVID pandemic. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 4:e1320. [PMID: 33295140 PMCID: PMC7883038 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 outbreak was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Over the last 3 months, the pandemic has challenged the diagnosis and treatment of all cancer, including rectal cancer. Constraints in resources call for a change in the treatment strategy without compromising efficacy. Recent Findings Delivery of shorter treatment schedules for radiotherapy offers advantages like short overall treatment time, improved throughput on the machine, improved compliance and reduced risk of transmission of COVID 19. Other strategies include delaying surgery, reducing the intensity of chemotherapy and adoption of organ preservation approach. Conclusion The curative treatment of rectal cancer should not be hindered during the COVID pandemic, and modifications in the multi‐modality treatment will help achieve quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kaustav Talapatra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Wathoni N, Nguyen AN, Rusdin A, Umar AK, Mohammed AFA, Motoyama K, Joni IM, Muchtaridi M. Enteric-Coated Strategies in Colorectal Cancer Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4387-4405. [PMID: 33116423 PMCID: PMC7585804 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s273612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases with the increase of cases prevalence >5% every year. Multidrug resistance mechanisms and non-localized therapy become primary problems of chemotherapy drugs for curing colorectal cancer disease. Therefore, the enteric-coated nanoparticle system has been studied and proved to be able to resolve those problems with good performance for colorectal cancer. The highlight of our review aims to summarize and discuss the enteric-coated nanoparticle drug delivery system specific for colorectal cancer disease. The main and supporting literatures were collected from published research articles of journals indexed in Scopus and PubMed databases. In the oral route of administration, Eudragit pH-sensitive copolymer as a coating agent prevents the degradation of the nanoparticle system from the gastric fluid and releases drug to intestinal-colon track. Therefore, it provides a colon-specific targeting ability. Impressively, enteric-coated nanoparticles having a sustained release profile significantly increase the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and achieve cell-specific target delivery. The enteric-coated nanoparticle drug delivery system represents an excellent modification to improve the effectiveness and performance of anticancer drugs for colorectal cancer disease in terms of the oral route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - An Ny Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Germany
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto862-0973, Japan
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
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29
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Spiegelberg D, Mortensen ACL, Palupi KD, Micke P, Wong J, Vojtesek B, Lane DP, Nestor M. The Novel Anti-cMet Antibody seeMet 12 Potentiates Sorafenib Therapy and Radiotherapy in a Colorectal Cancer Model. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1717. [PMID: 33014851 PMCID: PMC7516085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational cMet is abnormally regulated in gastrointestinal cancer, and is associated with increased invasiveness of the disease and poor overall survival. There are indications that targeted therapy against cMet, alone or in combination with additional cancer therapies, can help improve treatment outcome. Thus, in the present study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel cMet-targeting antibody therapy in gastrointestinal cancer models, and assessed potential augmenting effects in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted therapy or radiotherapy. Methods Three different cMet-targeting antibodies were first characterized with respect to antigen binding and effects on cell viability in vitro. The best performing candidate seeMet 12 was then further assessed for effects on colorectal cancer cell growth, proliferation and migration. Combinations with the TKI-inhibitor sorafenib or external beam radiotherapy were then evaluated for potential additive or synergistic effects in vitro using monolayer- and multicellular tumor spheroid assays. Finally, the combination of seeMet 12 and radiotherapy was evaluated in vivo in a proof-of-concept colorectal cancer xenograft study. Results Dose-dependent therapeutic effects were demonstrated for all three cMet-targeting antibodies. Monotherapy using seeMet 12 resulted in impaired cellular migration/proliferation and reduced tumor spheroid growth. Moreover, seeMet 12 was able to potentiate therapeutic effects in vitro for both sorafenib and radiotherapy treatments. Finally, the in vivo therapy study demonstrated promising results, where a combination of seeMet 12 and fractionated radiotherapy increased median survival by 79% compared to radiotherapy alone, and tripled maximum survival. Conclusion The novel anti-cMet antibody seeMet 12 demonstrated therapeutic effects in cMet positive gastrointestinal cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, the addition of seeMet 12 augmented the effects of sorafenib and radiotherapy. An in vivo proof-of-concept study of seeMet 12 and radiotherapy further validated the results. Thus, cMet-targeted therapy should be further explored as a promising approach to increase therapeutic effects, circumvent treatment resistance, and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kartika Dyah Palupi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julin Wong
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - David Philip Lane
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Kawashima S, Kawaguchi N, Taniguchi K, Tashiro K, Komura K, Tanaka T, Inomata Y, Imai Y, Tanaka R, Yamamoto M, Inoue Y, Lee SW, Kawai M, Tanaka K, Okuda J, Uchiyama K. γ-H2AX as a potential indicator of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2331-2337. [PMID: 32782550 PMCID: PMC7400563 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative radiotherapy improves local disease control and disease-free survival in patients with advanced rectal cancer; however, a reliable predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of irradiation has yet to be elucidated. Phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX) to γ-H2AX is induced by DNA double-strand breaks and is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between γ-H2AX expression and CRC radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. H2AX levels were analyzed in datasets obtained from cohort studies and γ-H2AX expression was investigated by performing immunohistochemistry and western blotting using clinical CRC samples from patients without any preoperative therapy. In addition, the CRC cell lines WiDr and DLD-1 were subjected to irradiation and/or small interfering RNA-H2AX, after which the protein levels of γ-H2AX were examined in samples obtained from patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. To quantify the observable effect of treatment on cancer cells, outcomes were graded as follows: 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, marked, with defined signatures of cellular response. Datasets obtained from cohort studies demonstrated that H2AX mRNA levels were significantly upregulated and associated with distal metastasis and microsatellite instability in CRC tissues, in contrast to that of normal tissues. In addition, γ-H2AX was overexpressed in clinical samples. In vitro, following irradiation, γ-H2AX expression levels increased and cell viability decreased in a time-dependent manner. Combined irradiation and γ-H2AX knockdown reduced the viability of each cell line when compared with irradiation or γ-H2AX knockdown alone. Furthermore, among clinical CRC samples from patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy, levels of γ-H2AX in the grade 1 group were significantly higher than those in grade 2 or grade 3. In conclusion, γ-H2AX may serve as a novel predictive marker and target for preoperative radiotherapy effectiveness in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawashima
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Nao Kawaguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.,Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tashiro
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanaka
- Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inomata
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Imai
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sang-Woong Lee
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masaru Kawai
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Junji Okuda
- Department of Advanced Medical Development, Osaka Medical College Hospital Cancer Center, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Wu PH, Zhong QH, Ma TH, Qin QY, Huang XY, Kuang YY, Wang HM, Yuan ZX, Wang L, Chen DC. To what extent should the intestinal be resected proximally after radiotherapy: hint from a pathological view. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:277-285. [PMID: 32843974 PMCID: PMC7434582 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is associated with post-operative anastomotic complications in rectal-cancer patients. Anastomosis involving at least one non-irradiated margin reportedly significantly reduces the risk of post-operative anastomotic complications in radiation enteritis. However, the exact scope of radiotherapy on the remaining sigmoid colon remains unknown. METHODS We evaluated the radiation damage of proximally resected colorectal segments in 44 patients with rectal cancer, who received nCRT followed by conventional resection (nCRT-C, n = 21) or proximally extended resection (nCRT-E, n = 23). The segments from another 13 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) were used as control. We dissected these samples at a distance of 2 cm between the two adjacent sections. Radiation damage in proximally resected colorectal segments was evaluated using the radiation injury score (RIS) and the concentration and distribution patterns of angiostatin. RESULTS Compared to those in the nCT group, the nCRT group showed higher RIS, levels of angiostatin, and proportion of diffuse pattern of angiostatin. With increasing distance from the tumor site, these parameters all gradually decreased; and the differences came to be not significant at the site that is over 20 cm from the tumor. The nCRT-E group showed lower RIS (median: 2 vs 4, P = 0.002) and a greater proportion of non-diffuse angiostatin (87% vs 55%, P = 0.039) at the proximal margins compared with the nCRT-C group. CONCLUSIONS The severity of the radiation damage of the proximal colon is inversely proportional to the proximal-resection margin length. Little damage was left on the proximal margin that was over 20 cm from the tumor. Removal of an initial length of ≥20 cm from the tumor may be beneficial for rectal-cancer patients after nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Huang Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Teng-Hui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Ying-Yi Kuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Huai-Ming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zi-Xu Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Dai-Ci Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
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Malyarenko OS, Imbs TI, Ermakova SP. In Vitro Anticancer and Radiosensitizing Activities of Phlorethols from the Brown Alga Costaria costata. Molecules 2020; 25:E3208. [PMID: 32674415 PMCID: PMC7396992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer and radiosensitizing effects of high-molecular-weight phlorethols CcPh (Mw = 2520 Da) isolated from the brown algae of Costaria costata on human colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 and HT-29 cells were investigated. Phlorethols CcPh possessed cytotoxic activity against HT-29 (IC50 = 92 μg/mL) and HCT 116 (IC50 = 94 μg/mL) cells. CcPh at non-toxic concentrations inhibited the colony formation in colon cancer cells and significantly enhanced their sensitivity to low non-toxic X-ray irradiation. The combinatory effect of radiation and CcPh was synergistic (Combination index < 0.7). Algal phlorethols might be prospective candidates as radiosensitizers to improve the scheme of radiotherapy.
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Ofshteyn A, Bingmer K, Dorth J, Dietz D, Steinhagen E, Stein SL. Adding Boost to Standard Neoadjuvant Radiation for Rectal Cancer Improves Likelihood of Complete Response. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1655-1662. [PMID: 32323253 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic tumor response is a prognostic factor for survival in patients with rectal cancer. Standard neoadjuvant radiation (nRT) dosing for locally advanced rectal cancer ranges from 4500 to 5400 centigray (cGy), but it is unknown if tumor regression differs as a consequence adding a boost to the tumor bed. METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) 2006-2016 was used to identify patients 18 years of age and older with clinical stage II and III rectal cancer who received pelvic nRT dosed between 4500 and 5400 cGy. Standard nRT dose (no boost, NB) and dose with boost (DWB) were defined respectively as 4500 and 5040-5400 cGy. Complete pathologic response (pCR) was defined as postoperative pathologic stage of zero. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between radiation dosing and pCR. RESULTS The study cohort was 28,841 patients; the majority received DWB 22,701 (78.7%), while 6140 (21.3%) received NB. pCR was achieved in 3135 (14.4%) patients. On multivariate analysis, patients who received NB were significantly less likely to have complete tumor response (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.2-1.66, p < 0.001). Other factors significantly associated with pCR included insurance, facility type, tumor characteristics, clinical stage, and time between radiation and surgery. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation demonstrating that standard dose neoadjuvant radiation for rectal cancer was associated with a lower likelihood of pCR compared with standard dose with boost. Past studies demonstrate that rectal cancer patient survival is strongly correlated with pCR. Prospective trials should focus on examining neoadjuvant radiation dosing to evaluate if DWB improves outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Ofshteyn
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Katherine Bingmer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer Dorth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Dietz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emily Steinhagen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sharon L Stein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Salari H, Afkhami-Poostchi A, Soleymanifard S, Nakhaei-Rad S, Merajifar E, Iranshahi M, Matin MM, Rassouli FB. Coadministration of auraptene and radiotherapy; a novel modality against colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1051-1059. [PMID: 32412318 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1770359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Use of ionizing radiation (IR) is a common therapeutic modality for patients with colon carcinoma, although resistance of cancer cells and unintended toxicity reduce clinical outcomes.Purpose: To enhance radioresponse of colon cancer cells, we designed a novel approach using auraptene (AUR) in combination with ionizing radiation (IR).Methods: For in vitro studies, CT26 cells were pretreated with AUR and irradiated at different doses. Then, cell viability was evaluated by alamarBlue assay, and the mechanism of cell death was elucidated using annexin V-PI. To determine efficacy of our combined therapeutic modality in vivo, AUR was injected intraperitoneally to murine models of colon carcinoma followed by IR, and then quantitative measurements and histopathological examinations were performed. For molecular analyses, real time PCR and Western blot were carried out.Results: Assessment of cell viability indicated significant enhancement of IR effects by AUR that was also confirmed by increased number of apoptotic cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated improved outcome in IR, since significant regression in tumor size was observed after administration of AUR + IR. Molecular analyses revealed down regulation of Cyclin D1 and CD44, along with involvement of PI3K-AKT-mTORC signaling pathway and Caspase-3 in observed combinatorial effects.Conclusion: Taken together, current findings support our previous reports on sensitizing effects of AUR and that AUR could be used as a promising adjunct to IR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Salari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Afkhami-Poostchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Merajifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B Rassouli
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Osorio M, Martinez E, Naranjo T, Castro C. Recent Advances in Polymer Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery of Adjuvants in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Scientific-Technological Analysis and Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2270. [PMID: 32408538 PMCID: PMC7288015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the type with the second highest morbidity. Recently, a great number of bioactive compounds and encapsulation techniques have been developed. Thus, this paper aims to review the drug delivery strategies for chemotherapy adjuvant treatments for CRC, including an initial scientific-technological analysis of the papers and patents related to cancer, CRC, and adjuvant treatments. For 2018, a total of 167,366 cancer-related papers and 306,240 patents were found. Adjuvant treatments represented 39.3% of the total CRC patents, indicating the importance of adjuvants in the prognosis of patients. Chemotherapy adjuvants can be divided into two groups, natural and synthetic (5-fluorouracil and derivatives). Both groups can be encapsulated using polymers. Polymer-based drug delivery systems can be classified according to polymer nature. From those, anionic polymers have garnered the most attention, because they are pH responsive. The use of polymers tailors the desorption profile, improving drug bioavailability and enhancing the local treatment of CRC via oral administration. Finally, it can be concluded that antioxidants are emerging compounds that can complement today's chemotherapy treatments. In the long term, encapsulated antioxidants will replace synthetic drugs and will play an important role in curing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Osorio
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (M.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Estefanía Martinez
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (M.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Tonny Naranjo
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín 050034, Colombia;
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72 A # 78 B-141, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Cristina Castro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (M.O.); (E.M.)
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Zhirnik AS, Semochkina YP, Moskaleva EY. Inhibition of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Niclosamide in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Curtis JJ, Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 3 receptors contribute to the exacerbation of targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation-induced cell death in human colon carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:482-490. [PMID: 31846381 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in the underlying mechanisms which mediate cell death following ionizing radiation exposure, however, effects appear to be cell type-dependent. We sought to further characterize the role of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) in the exacerbation of cell death following ionizing radiation exposure in human colon carcinoma cells.Materials and methods: We examined the clonogenic survival of colon carcinoma HCT116 cells treated with 5-HT and the selective 5-HTR antagonists ketanserin (5-HT2A) and ondansetron (5-HT3), following exposure to direct ionizing radiation and irradiated cell-conditioned medium (ICCM). The relative expression of these target receptors was measured using western blotting.Results: Western blotting results revealed that relative protein levels of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors were similar. 5-HT concentration-dependent increases in cell death that occurred following direct ionizing radiation exposure were abolished by both 5-HTR antagonists. Death of nonirradiated cells recipient of ICCM was increased in a concentration-dependent manner by 5-HT when present during donor cell irradiation. Both 5-HTR antagonists completely abolished the increases in bystander-induced cell death generated by 5-HT. Finally, we show that exposure of cells to 5-HT prior to receipt of ICCM can also dictate the degree of bystander-induced cell death.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a definitive role for 5-HT in the exacerbation of cell death following ionizing radiation exposure in colon carcinoma cells and highlight 5-HTRs as potential markers for predicting cellular radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Curtis
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Kefayat A, Ghahremani F, Safavi A, Hajiaghababa A, Moshtaghian J. C-phycocyanin: a natural product with radiosensitizing property for enhancement of colon cancer radiation therapy efficacy through inhibition of COX-2 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19161. [PMID: 31844085 PMCID: PMC6915779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different chemical and nanomaterial agents have been introduced for radiosensitizing purposes. However, many researchers believe these agents are far away from clinical application due to side effects and limited knowledge about their behavior in the human body. In this study, C-phycocyanin (C-PC) was used as a natural radiosensitizer for enhancement of radiation therapy (RT) efficacy. C-PC treatment's effect on the COX-2 expression of cancer cells was investigated by flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR analyses in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the radiosensitizing effect of C-PC treatment was investigated by MTT and clonogenic cell survival assays for CT-26, DLD-1, HT-29 colon cancer cell lines and the CRL-1831 as normal colonic cells. In addition, the C-PC treatment effect on the radiation therapy efficacy was evaluated according to CT-26 tumor's growth progression and immunohistochemistry analyses of Ki-67 labeling index. C-PC treatment (200 µg/mL) could significantly enhance the radiation therapy efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic interaction was detected at C-PC and radiation beams co-treatment based on Chou and Talalay formula (combination index <1), especially at 200 µg/mL C-PC and 6 Gy radiation dosages. The acquired DEF of C-PC treatment was 1.39, 1.4, 1.63, and 1.05 for CT-26, DLD-1, HT-29, and CRL-1831 cells, respectively. Also, C-PC + RT treated mice exhibited 35.2% lower mean tumors' volume and about 6 days more survival time in comparison with the RT group (P < 0.05). In addition, C-PC + RT group exhibited 54% lower Ki-67 index in comparison with the RT group. Therefore, C-PC can exhibit high radiosensitizing effects. However, the potential cardiovascular risks of C-PC as a COX-2 inhibitor should be evaluated with extensive preclinical testing before developing this agent for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 38481-76941, Iran.
| | - Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Moshtaghian
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Malyarenko OS, Malyarenko TV, Kicha AA, Ivanchina NV, Ermakova SP. Effects of Polar Steroids from the Starfish Patiria (=Asterina) pectinifera in Combination with X-Ray Radiation on Colony Formation and Apoptosis Induction of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173154. [PMID: 31470638 PMCID: PMC6749381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of cancer, the disease continues to affect millions of people worldwide. Chemoradiation therapy is a rational approach that has already proven beneficial for several malignancies. However, the existence of toxicity to normal tissue is a serious limitation of this treatment modality. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of polar steroids from starfish Patiria (=Asterina) pectinifera to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy in colorectal carcinoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of polar steroids and X-ray radiation against DLD-1, HCT 116, and HT-29 cells was determined by an MTS assay. The effect of compounds, X-ray, and their combination on colony formation was studied using the soft agar method. The molecular mechanism of the radiosensitizing activity of asterosaponin P1 was elucidated by western blotting and the DNA comet assay. Polar steroids inhibited colony formation in the tested cells, and to a greater extent in HT-29 cells. Asterosaponin P1 enhanced the efficacy of radiation and, as a result, reduced the number and size of the colonies of colorectal cancer cells. The radiosensitizing activity of asterosaponin P1 was realized by apoptosis induction through the regulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic protein expression followed by caspase activation and DNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Timofey V Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Bioorganic chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla A Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalia V Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Rezapour S, Hosseinzadeh E, Marofi F, Hassanzadeh A. Epigenetic-based therapy for colorectal cancer: Prospect and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19366-19383. [PMID: 31020647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable variations in gene expression not encoded by the DNA sequence. According to reports, a large number of studies have been performed to characterize epigenetic modification during normal development and also in cancer. Epigenetics can be regarded more widely to contain all of the changes in expression of genes that make by adjusted interactions between the regulatory portions of DNA or messenger RNAs that lead to indirect variation in the DNA sequence. In the last decade, epigenetic modification importance in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis was demonstrated powerfully. Although developments in CRC therapy have been made in the last years, much work is required as it remains the second leading cause of cancer death. Nowadays, epigenetic programs and genetic change have pivotal roles in the CRC incidence as well as progression. While our knowledge about epigenetic mechanism in CRC is not comprehensive, selective histone modifications and resultant chromatin conformation together with DNA methylation most likely regulate CRC pathogenesis that involved genes expression. Undoubtedly, the advanced understanding of epigenetic-based gene expression regulation in the CRC is essential to make epigenetic drugs for CRC therapy. The major aim of this review is to deliver a summary of valuable results that represent evidence of principle for epigenetic-based therapeutic approaches employment in CRC with a focus on the advantages of epigenetic-based therapy in the inhibition of the CRC metastasis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Rezapour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Epsilon-Globin HBE1 Enhances Radiotherapy Resistance by Down-Regulating BCL11A in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040498. [PMID: 30965648 PMCID: PMC6521047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy is considered an important obstacle in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms that enable tumor cells to tolerate the effects of radiation remain unclear. Moreover, radiotherapy causes accumulated mutations in transcription factors, which can lead to changes in gene expression and radiosensitivity. This phenomenon reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy towards cancer cells. In the present study, radiation-resistant (RR) cancer cells were established by sequential radiation exposure, and hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 (HBE1) was identified as a candidate radiation resistance-associated protein based on RNA-sequencing analysis. Then, compared to radiosensitive (RS) cell lines, the overexpression of HBE1 in RR cell lines was used to measure various forms of radiation-induced cellular damage. Consequently, HBE1-overexpressing cell lines were found to exhibit decreased radiation-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell mortality. Conversely, HBE1 deficiency in RR cell lines increased intracellular ROS production, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis, and decreased clonogenic survival rate. These effects were reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Moreover, HBE1 overexpression was found to attenuate radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via an inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In addition, increased HBE1 expression induced by γ-irradiation in RS cells attenuated expression of the transcriptional regulator BCL11A, whereas its depletion in RR cells increased BCL11A expression. Collectively, these observations indicate that the expression of HBE1 during radiotherapy might potentiate the survival of radiation-exposed colorectal cancer cells.
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Ju F, Li N, Wang W, Yuan H. Effects of varying radiation dosages on MMP1 expression, and MMP1 knockdown on the viability and migration of SW620 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2503-2508. [PMID: 30720073 PMCID: PMC6423606 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide at present. The aim of the present study was to detect the effects of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) on the viability and migration of a CRC cell line in the presence or absence of variation X-ray radiation doses. The CRC cell line, SW620, was cultured and treated with different X-ray doses (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 Gy). MMP1 expression was downregulated via the application of a specific small interfering (si)-RNA. The viability and migration of SW620 cells prior to and following transfection were detected with MTT and Transwell chamber assays, respectively. The application of siRNA transfection to silence MMP1 in SW620 cells resulted in reduced cell viability and migration (P<0.05). Compared with the control, the cell viability and migration of cells were significantly reduced when exposed to 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation (P<0.05). In SW620 cells treated with different X-ray doses, the mRNA expression levels of MMP1 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Cells treated with 0.5 Gy X-ray exposure exhibited the lowest mRNA expression levels of MMP1 when compared with other doses of X-ray radiation. The expression of MMP1 was associated with the promotion of the viability and migration of SW620 cells. X-ray radiation with 6 Gy dosages significantly reduced cell viability when compared with the control. Thus, MMP1-targeted therapy combined with radiotherapy could be used for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ju
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
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Xiao C, Wang Y, Zheng M, Chen J, Song G, Zhou Z, Zhou C, Sun X, Zhong L, Ding E, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wu G, Xu S, Zhang H, Wang X. RBBP6 increases radioresistance and serves as a therapeutic target for preoperative radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1075-1087. [PMID: 29369481 PMCID: PMC5891205 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) can be used as preoperative treatment to downstage initially unresectable locally rectal carcinoma, but radioresistance and recurrence remain significant problems. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated whether the inhibition of RBBP6 expression would improve radiosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells. After SW620 and HT29 cells were exposed to radiation, the levels of RBBP6 mRNA and protein increased over time in both cells. Moreover, a significant reduction in clonogenic survival and a decrease in cell viability in parallel with an obvious increase in cell apoptosis were demonstrated in irradiated RBBP6‐knockdown cells. Transfection with RBBP6 shRNA improved the levels of G2‐M phase arrest, which blocked the cells in a more radiosensitive period of the cell cycle. These observations indicated that cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms may be connected with tumor cell survival following radiotherapy. In vivo, the tumor growth rate of nude mice in the RBBP6‐knockdown group was significantly slower than that in other groups. These results indicated that RBBP6 overexpression could resist colorectal cancer cells against radiation by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis pathways, and inhibition of RBBP6 could enhance radiosensitivity of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erxun Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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He Z, Chen G, Ouyang B, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang Y, Yan S, Pan W. Conformal Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Institutional Experience in the Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases by Radiation Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018. [PMCID: PMC6295685 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818816080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin He
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yehuang Wang
- National Chinese Medical Center of Colorectal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Jarosch A, Sommer U, Bogner A, Reißfelder C, Weitz J, Krause M, Folprecht G, Baretton GB, Aust DE. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy decreases the total amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but increases the number of CD8+/Granzyme B+ (GrzB) cytotoxic T-cells in rectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1393133. [PMID: 29308324 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1393133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCTx) is an established oncological treatment in patients with advanced rectal cancer, little is known about its effects on the tumor microenvironment. Quantity and composition of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to influence patients' prognosis but nRCTx-induced modifications are still unclear. We determined the composition of the immune cell infiltrate in rectal cancer after nRCTx and its influence on tumor regression, local recurrence rate and survival. We investigated density and composition of tumor infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells and the quantity and ratio of CD8+/GrzB+ T-cells to CD8+ T-cells in 130 rectal cancers after nRCTx compared to a cohort of 30 primarily resected rectal cancers. Furthermore, we analyzed 22 pretherapeutic rectal cancer biopsies, later treated with nRCTx and surgery to evaluate nRCTx-induced modifications of the tumor microenvironment. The total numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells in tumor stroma (p < 0.001) and tumor epithelium (p < 0.001 CD3; 0.002 CD8) were significantly lower in rectal cancers after nRCTx compared to primarily resected cases, while the ratio of CD8+/GrzB+ T-cells to CD8+ T-cells was significantly increased in the nRCTx cohort (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, CD8+/GrzB+ T-cells in the tumor stroma were significantly associated with high regression grade and a lower likelihood of local recurrence (p = 0.029). nRCTx modifies the tumor microenvironment of rectal cancer leading to a total decrease of TILs, but a relative increase in CD8+/GrzB+ T-cells in the tumor stroma. CD8+/GrzB+ T-cells may contribute to local tumor control and the better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Jarosch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden
| | - Andreas Bogner
- Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunnar Folprecht
- Medical Department I, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,Tumor and normal tissue bank of Universitäts KrebsCentrum (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela E Aust
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) partner site Dresden.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,Tumor and normal tissue bank of Universitäts KrebsCentrum (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Lee KC, Chung KC, Chen HH, Liu CC, Lu CC. Prognostic factors of overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with resected early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma: a SEER-based study. J Investig Med 2017; 65:1148-1154. [PMID: 28735257 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of radiotherapy for colorectal cancer are well documented, but the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with stage II rectal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy. Patients with early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma in the postoperative state were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The primary endpoints were OS and overall CSS. Stage IIA patients without radiotherapy had significantly lower OS and CSS compared with those who received radiation before or after surgery. Stage IIB patients with radiotherapy before surgery had significantly higher OS and CSS compared with patients in the postoperative or no radiotherapy groups. Patients with signet ring cell carcinoma had the poorest OS among all the groups. Multivariable analysis showed that ethnicity (HR, 0.388, p=0.006) and radiation before surgery (HR, 0.614, p=0.006) were favorable prognostic factors for OS, while age (HR, 1.064, p<0.001), race (HR, 1.599, p=0.041), stage IIB (HR, 3.011, p=0.011), and more than one tumor deposit (TD) (HR, 2.300, p=0.001) were unfavorable prognostic factors for OS. Old age (HR, 1.047, p<0.00 L), stage IIB (HR, 8.619, p=0.005), circumferential resection margin between 0.1 mm and 10 mm (HR, 1.529, p=0.039), and more than one TD (HR, 2.688, p=0.001) were unfavorable prognostic factors for CSS. This population-based study identified predictors of OS and CSS in patients with early-stage resected rectal adenocarcinoma, which may help to guide future management of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Yin D. Intermittent low dose irradiation enhances the effectiveness of radio- and chemo-therapy for human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:591-597. [PMID: 28560404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose irradiation (LDIR) induces hormesis and adaptive response in organism and mammalian cell lines. Notably, LDIR generates distinct biological effects in cancer cells from normal cells, e.g., it may affect the growth of cancer cells via the activation of certain cell signaling pathway, which does not exist in normal cells. Therefore, LDIR is considered as a promising assistant method of clinical cancer therapy. In this study, we chose human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 as the experimental model, and investigated the differential biological effects between 250 mGy single dose LDIR and 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatments in high dose irradiation (HDIR) radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy. Through the cell growth assays, we observed that 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatment significantly increased the killing effect of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Western blotting results showed that intermittent LDIR pretreatment apparently activated the ATM/p53 (ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ATM) pathway in radiotherapy; it also activated ERK and p38MAPK pathways in chemotherapy. When we used chemical inhibitors to block the ATM/p53 or p38MAPK pathways, the intermittent LDIR induced cell growth inhibitions were reversed. However, blockage of ERK pathway could not affect the cell growth inhibiton in chemotherapy. Taken together, our findings evaluated the intermittent LDIR as a potential valuable method that can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially in the radio- or chemo-resistant tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Yezhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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