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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Piñeiro-Ramos JD, Soláz-García Á, Lara-Cantón I, Izquierdo I, Llorens R, Marin P, Torres-Martínez E, Molitor C, Mohareb F, Boronat N, Quintás G, Kuligowski J, Vento M. Searching molecular biomarkers correlating with BSID-III at 24 months in infants with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05652-x. [PMID: 38916739 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An early prediction of outcomes of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NE) is of key importance in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objectives were (i) to analyze the characteristics of miRNA expression and metabolic patterns of neonates with NE and (ii) to assess their predictive performance for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Plasma samples from moderate/severe NE patients (N = 92) of the HYPOTOP study were collected before, during, and after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and compared to a control group (healthy term infants). The expression of miRNAs and concentrations of metabolites (hypoxia-related and energy, steroid, and tryptophan metabolisms) were analyzed. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated at 24 months postnatal age using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, ed. III, BSID-III. Differences in miRNA and metabolic profiles were found between NE vs. control infants, abnormal (i.e., mildly and moderately abnormal and severe) vs. normal, and severe vs. non-severe (i.e., normal and mildly and moderately abnormal) BSID-III. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione, testosterone, betaine, xanthine, and lactate were suitable for BSID-III outcome prediction (receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.6), as well as 68 miRNAs (AUCs of 0.5-0.9). Significant partial correlations of xanthine and betaine levels and the expression of several miRNAs with BSID-III sub-scales were found. Conclusion: We have identified metabolites/miRNAs that might be useful to support the prediction of middle-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of NE. What is known and what is new: • The early prediction of outcomes of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NE) is of key importance in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity. • Alterations of the metabolome and miRNAs had been observed in NE. • We performed miRNA sequencing and quantified selected metabolites (i.e., lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, Krebs cycle intermediates, tryptophan pathway, hypoxia-related metabolites, and steroids) by GC- and LC-MS. • Specific miRNAs and metabolites that allow prediction of middle-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of newborns with NE undergoing hypothermia treatment were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Álvaro Soláz-García
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Izquierdo
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Llorens
- Division of Radiology and Imaging, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Marin
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Corentin Molitor
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
| | - Fady Mohareb
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
| | - Nuria Boronat
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Shevtsova Y, Eldarov C, Starodubtseva N, Goryunov K, Chagovets V, Ionov O, Plotnikov E, Silachev D. Identification of Metabolomic Signatures for Ischemic Hypoxic Encephalopathy Using a Neonatal Rat Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1693. [PMID: 37892356 PMCID: PMC10605414 DOI: 10.3390/children10101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed to determine early metabolomic markers of ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy (HIE) using a Rice-Vannucci model for newborn rats. Dried blood spots from 7-day-old male and female rat pups, including 10 HIE-affected animals and 16 control animals, were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in positive and negative ion recording modes. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed two distinct clusters of metabolites in both HPLC-MS modes. Subsequent univariate statistical analysis identified 120 positive and 54 negative molecular ions that exhibited statistically significant change in concentration, with more than a 1.5-fold difference after HIE. In the HIE group, the concentrations of steroid hormones, saturated mono- and triglycerides, and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were significantly decreased in positive mode. On the contrary, the concentration of unsaturated PCs was increased in the HIE group. Among negatively charged molecular ions, the greatest variations were found in the categories of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and triglycerides. The major metabolic pathways associated with changed metabolites were analyzed for both modes. Metabolic pathways such as steroid biosynthesis and metabolism fatty acids were most affected. These results underscored the central role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in triggering systemic responses in HIE. Therefore, lipid biomarkers' evaluation by targeted HPLC-MS research could be a promising approach for the early diagnosis of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Chupalav Eldarov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Starodubtseva
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Kirill Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Vitaliy Chagovets
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Oleg Ionov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Egor Plotnikov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (C.E.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (V.C.); (O.I.); (E.P.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Myrhaug HT, Kaasen A, Pay ASD, Henriksen L, Smedslund G, Saugstad OD, Blix E. Umbilical cord blood acid-base analysis at birth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37041099 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood acid-base sampling is routinely performed at many hospitals. Recent studies have questioned this practice and the association of acidosis with cerebral palsy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between the results of umbilical cord blood acid-base analysis at birth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality in children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched six databases using the search strategy: umbilical cord AND outcomes. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, cohorts and case-control studies from high-income countries that investigated the association between umbilical cord blood analysis and neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality from 1 year after birth in children born at term. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We critically assessed the included studies, extracted data and conducted meta-analyses comparing adverse outcomes between children with and without acidosis, and the mean proportions of adverse outcomes. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. MAIN RESULTS We have very low confidence in the following findings: acidosis was associated with higher cognitive development scores compared with non-acidosis (mean difference 5.18, 95% CI 0.84-9.52; n = two studies). Children with acidosis also showed a tendency towards higher risk of death (relative risk [RR] 5.72, 95% CI 0.90-36.27; n = four studies) and CP (RR 3.40, 95% CI 0.86-13.39; n = four studies), although this was not statistically significant. The proportion of children with CP was 2.39/1000 across the studies, assessed as high certainty evidence. CONCLUSION Due to low certainty of evidence, the associations between umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Myrhaug
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Kaasen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - A S D Pay
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Smedslund
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - O D Saugstad
- Department of Paediatric Research, University of Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Blix
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Longitudinal perturbations of plasma nuclear magnetic resonance profiles in neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02464-x. [PMID: 36639516 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a major cause of mortality and severe neurological disability in the neonatal period and beyond. We hypothesized that the degree of brain injury is reflected in the molecular composition of peripheral blood samples. METHODS A sub-cohort of 28 newborns included in the HYPOTOP trial was studied. Brain injury was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) once per patient and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profile of 60 plasma samples collected before, during, and after cooling was recorded. RESULTS In total, 249 molecular features were quantitated in plasma samples from newborns and postnatal age showed to affect detected NMR profiles. Lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, and three triglyceride biomarkers showed the ability to discern between different degrees of brain injury according to MRI scores. The prediction performance of lactate was superior as compared to other clinical and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study of an ample compound panel recorded by NMR spectroscopy in plasma from NE infants. The serial determination of lactate confirms its solid position as reliable candidate biomarker for predicting the severity of brain injury. IMPACT The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the simultaneous quantitation of 249 compounds in a small volume (i.e., 100 μL) of plasma. Longitudinal perturbations of plasma NMR profiles were linked to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE). Lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, and three triglyceride biomarkers showed the ability to discern between different degrees of brain injury according to MRI scores. Lactate is a minimally invasive candidate biomarker for early staging of MRI brain injury in NE infants that might be readily implemented in clinical guidelines for NE outcome prediction.
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Valerio E, Mardegan V, Stocchero M, Cavicchiolo ME, Pirillo P, Poloniato G, D’Onofrio G, Bonadies L, Giordano G, Baraldi E. Urinary metabotypes of newborns with perinatal asphyxia undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273175. [PMID: 35972970 PMCID: PMC9380923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) still occurs in about three to five per 1,000 deliveries in developed countries; 20% of these infants show hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of our study was to apply metabolomic analysis to newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after PA to identify a distinct metabotype associated with the development of HIE on brain MRI. We enrolled 53 infants born at >35 weeks of gestation with PA: 21 of them showed HIE on brain MRI (the “HIE” group), and 32 did not (the “no HIE” group). Urine samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours of TH. Metabolomic data were acquired using high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. Considering the first urines collected during TH, untargeted analysis found 111 relevant predictors capable of discriminating between the two groups. Of 35 metabolites showing independent discriminatory power, four have been well characterized: L-alanine, Creatine, L-3-methylhistidine, and L-lysine. The first three relate to cellular energy metabolism; their involvement suggests a multimodal derangement of cellular energy metabolism during PA/HIE. In addition, seven other metabolites with a lower annotation level (proline betaine, L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine, 2-methyl-dodecanedioic acid, S-(2-methylpropionyl)-dihydrolipoamide-E, 2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine, Octanoylglucuronide, 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione) showed biological consistency with the clinical picture of PA. Moreover, 4 annotated metabolites (L-lysine, L-3-methylhistidine, 2-methyl-dodecanedioic acid, S-(2-methylpropionyl)-dihydrolipoamide-E) retained a significant difference between the “HIE” and “no HIE” groups during all the TH treatment. Our analysis identified a distinct urinary metabotype associated with pathological findings on MRI, and discovered 2 putative markers (L-lysine, L-3-methylhistidine) which may be useful for identifying neonates at risk of developing HIE after PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Valerio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica Mardegan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cavicchiolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Poloniato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca D’Onofrio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Womens’ and Childrens’ Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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6
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Noninvasive monitoring of evolving urinary metabolic patterns in neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:598-605. [PMID: 33953355 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE) frequently suffer from long-term adverse outcomes. We hypothesize that the urinary metabolome of newborns with NE reflects the evolution of injury patterns observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Eligible patients were newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia evolving to NE and qualifying for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) included in the HYPOTOP trial. MRI was employed for characterizing brain injury. Urine samples of 55 infants were collected before, during, and after TH. Metabolic profiles of samples were recorded employing three complementary mass spectrometry-based assays, and the alteration of detected metabolic features between groups was assessed. RESULTS The longitudinal assessment revealed significant perturbations of the urinary metabolome. After 24 h of TH, a stable disease pattern evolved characterized by the alterations of 4-8% of metabolic features related to lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Characteristic metabolomic fingerprints were observed for different MRI injury patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the potential of urinary metabolic profiles for the noninvasive monitoring of brain injury of infants with NE during TH. IMPACT A comprehensive approach for the study of the urinary metabolome was employed involving a semi-targeted capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) assay, an untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-quadrupole TOFMS assay, and a targeted UPLC-tandem MS-based method for the quantification of amino acids. The longitudinal study of the urinary metabolome identified dynamic metabolic changes between birth and until 96 h after the initiation of TH. The identification of altered metabolic pathways in newborns with pathologic MRI outcomes might offer the possibility of developing noninvasive monitoring approaches for personalized adjustment of the treatment and for supporting early outcome prediction.
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Solevåg AL, Zykova SN, Thorsby PM, Schmölzer GM. Metabolomics to Diagnose Oxidative Stress in Perinatal Asphyxia: Towards a Non-Invasive Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111753. [PMID: 34829624 PMCID: PMC8615205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for feasible and non-invasive diagnostics in perinatal asphyxia. Metabolomics is the study of small molecular weight products of cellular metabolism that may, directly and indirectly, reflect the level of oxidative stress. Saliva analysis is a novel approach that has a yet unexplored potential in metabolomics in perinatal asphyxia. The aim of this review was to give an overview of metabolomics studies of oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia, particularly searching for studies analyzing non-invasively collected biofluids including saliva. We searched the databases PubMed/Medline and included 11 original human and 4 animal studies. In perinatal asphyxia, whole blood, plasma, and urine are the most frequently used biofluids used for metabolomics analyses. Although changes in oxidative stress-related salivary metabolites have been reported in adults, the utility of this approach in perinatal asphyxia has not yet been explored. Human and animal studies indicate that, in addition to antioxidant enzymes, succinate and hypoxanthine, as well acylcarnitines may have discriminatory diagnostic and prognostic properties in perinatal asphyxia. Researchers may utilize the accumulating evidence of discriminatory metabolic patterns in perinatal asphyxia to develop bedside methods to measure oxidative stress metabolites in perinatal asphyxia. Although only supported by indirect evidence, saliva might be a candidate biofluid for such point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lee Solevåg
- The Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Nydalen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-4146-9314
| | - Svetlana N. Zykova
- Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, The Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Nydalen, Norway; (S.N.Z.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, The Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Nydalen, Norway; (S.N.Z.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Georg M. Schmölzer
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB 23821, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB 23821, Canada
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Neonatal encephalopathy: Focus on epidemiology and underexplored aspects of etiology. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101265. [PMID: 34305025 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a neurologic syndrome in term and near-term infants who have depressed consciousness, difficulty initiating and maintaining respiration, and often abnormal tone, reflexes and neonatal seizures in varying combinations. Moderate/severe NE affects 0.5-3/1000 live births in high-income countries, more in low- and middle-income countries, and carries high risk of mortality or disability, including cerebral palsy. Reduced blood flow and/or oxygenation around the time of birth, as with ruptured uterus, placental abruption or umbilical cord prolapse can cause NE. This subset of NE, with accompanying low Apgar scores and acidemia, is termed Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Other causes of NE that can present similarly, include infections, inflammation, toxins, metabolic disease, stroke, placental disease, and genetic disorders. Aberrant fetal growth and congenital anomalies are strongly associated with NE, suggesting a major role for maldevelopment. As new tools for differential diagnosis emerge, their application for prevention, individualized treatment and prognostication will require further systematic studies of etiology of NE.
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9
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Improvement in the Prediction of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy with the Integration of Umbilical Cord Metabolites and Current Clinical Makers. J Pediatr 2021; 229:175-181.e1. [PMID: 33039387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate our previously identified candidate metabolites, and to assess the ability of these metabolites to predict hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) both individually and combined with clinical data. STUDY DESIGN Term neonates with signs of perinatal asphyxia, with and without HIE, and matched controls were recruited prospectively at birth from 2 large maternity units. Umbilical cord blood was collected for later batch metabolomic analysis by mass spectroscopy along with clinical details. The optimum selection of clinical and metabolites features with the ability to predict the development of HIE was determined using logistic regression modelling and machine learning techniques. Outcome of HIE was determined by clinical Sarnat grading and confirmed by electroencephalogram grade at 24 hours. RESULTS Fifteen of 27 candidate metabolites showed significant alteration in infants with perinatal asphyxia or HIE when compared with matched controls. Metabolomic data predicted the development of HIE with an area under the curve of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.62-0.71). Lactic acid and alanine were the primary metabolite predictors for the development of HIE, and when combined with clinical data, gave an area under the curve of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-0.95). CONCLUSIONS By combining clinical and metabolic data, accurate identification of infants who will develop HIE is possible shortly after birth, allowing early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Debuf MJ, Carkeek K, Piersigilli F. A Metabolomic Approach in Search of Neurobiomarkers of Perinatal Asphyxia: A Review of the Current Literature. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:674585. [PMID: 34249811 PMCID: PMC8267248 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.674585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia and the possible sequelae of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) commencing within the first 6 h of life-currently the only treatment validated for the management of HIE-has been proven to reduce the mortality rate and disability seen at follow up at 18 months. Although there have been attempts to identify neurobiomarkers assessing the severity levels in HIE; none have been validated in clinical use to date, and the lack thereof limits the optimal treatment for these vulnerable infants. Metabolomics is a promising field of the "omics technologies" that may: identify neurobiomarkers, help improve diagnosis, identify patients prone to developing HIE, and potentially improve targeted neuroprotection interventions. This review focuses on the current evidence of metabolomics, a novel tool which may prove to be a useful in the diagnosis, management and treatment options for this multifactorial complex disease. Some of the most promising metabolites analyzed are the group of acylcarnitines: Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (Malonylcarnitine) [C3-DC (C4-OH)], Tetradecanoylcarnitine [C14], L-Palmitoylcarnitine [C16], Hexadecenoylcarnitine [C16:1], Stearoylcarnitine [C18], and Oleoylcarnitine [C18:1]. A metabolomic "fingerprint" or "index," made up of 4 metabolites (succinate × glycerol/(β-hydroxybutyrate × O-phosphocholine)), seems promising in identifying neonates at risk of developing severe HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Julie Debuf
- Division of Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Katherine Carkeek
- Division of Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Division of Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Li D, Huang W, Yang F, Li B, Cai S. Study of the modulatory mechanism of the miR-182-Clock axis in circadian rhythm disturbance after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220929159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates can lead to severe chronic neurological deficit, including mental retardation, epilepsy, and sleep–wake cycle (SWC) disorder. Among these defects, little is known about the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm disorder after HIE. Therefore, further study of sleep problems and its mechanism in HIE children will provide new ideas for clinical treatment of HIE children. For pediatric patients with cerebral ischemia, somnipathy often occurs due to visual and airway abnormalities. From May 2010 to August 2013, 128 newborns with history of HIE were followed up. Meanwhile, 88 normal full-term newborns in the same period were taken as the control group. The clinical data of the patients were collected and the sleep status was assessed by questionnaire. To establish the hypoxic–ischemic brain injury model of neonatal rats and analyze the mechanism of mir-182 in the circadian rhythm disorder caused by pineal function injury. The core clock genes during the regulation of the circadian clock were explored by bioinformatics methods. Patients’ sleep quality was affected by the circadian rhythm and respiratory problems; the pineal gland can regulate the core clock genes in the circadian clock during regulation. miR-182 was highly expressed in the pineal gland after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Children with mild and moderate HIE showed significant sleep disorders in varying degrees, which provided a clinical basis for improving the long-term prognosis of children with HIE through targeted treatment of sleep disorders. MiR-182 is highly expressed in the pineal gland and is related to the expression of CLOCK protein. CLOCK gene is the target gene of miR-182, which provides a new target for the treatment of rhythm disorder related to the damage of pineal function caused by HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang S, Li B, Zhang X, Zhu C, Wang X. Birth Asphyxia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:704. [PMID: 32765409 PMCID: PMC7381116 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the association between birth asphyxia—as defined by the pH of umbilical cord blood—and cerebral palsy in asphyxiated neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation. Methods: Two reviewers independently selected English-language studies that included data on the incidence of cerebral palsy in asphyxiated neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation. Studies were searched from the Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 December 2019, and the references in the retrieved articles were screened. Results: We identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis, including 8 randomized controlled trials and 2 observational studies. According to a random effects model, the pooled rate of cerebral palsy in the randomized controlled trials was 20.3% (95% CI: 16.0–24.5) and the incidence of cerebral palsy in the observational studies was 22.2% (95% CI: 8.5–35.8). Subgroup analysis by treatment for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in asphyxiated neonates showed that the pooled rates of cerebral palsy were 17.3% (95% CI: 13.3–21.2) and 23.9% (95% CI: 18.1–29.7) for the intervention group and non-intervention group, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the incidence of cerebral palsy in neonates (≥35 weeks' gestation) with perinatal asphyxia is significantly higher compared to that in the healthy neonate population. With the growing emphasis on improving neonatal neurodevelopment and reducing neurological sequelae, we conclude that the prevention and treatment of perinatal asphyxia is essential for preventing the development of cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Exploring Perinatal Asphyxia by Metabolomics. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040141. [PMID: 32260446 PMCID: PMC7240960 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain damage related to perinatal asphyxia is the second cause of neuro-disability worldwide. Its incidence was estimated in 2010 as 8.5 cases per 1000 live births worldwide, with no further recent improvement even in more industrialized countries. If so, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is still an issue of global health concern. It is thought that a consistent number of cases may be avoided, and its sequelae may be preventable by a prompt and efficient physical and therapeutic treatment. The lack of early, reliable, and specific biomarkers has up to now hampered a more effective use of hypothermia, which represents the only validated therapy for this condition. The urge to unravel the biological modifications underlying perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy needs new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Metabolomics for its own features is a powerful approach that may help for the identification of specific metabolic profiles related to the pathological mechanism and foreseeable outcome. The metabolomic profiles of animal and human infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia or developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have so far been investigated by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography, leading to the identification of promising metabolomic signatures. In this work, an extensive review of the relevant literature was performed.
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14
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Abstract
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most deleterious conditions in the perinatal period and the access to small molecule biomarkers aiding accurate diagnosis and disease staging, progress monitoring, and early outcome prognosis could provide relevant advances towards the development of personalized therapies. The emergence of metabolomics, the "omics" technology enabling the holistic study of small molecules, for biomarker discovery employing different analytical platforms, animal models and study populations has drastically increased the number and diversity of small molecules proposed as candidate biomarkers. However, the use of very few compounds has been implemented in clinical guidelines and authorized medical devices. In this work we review different approaches employed for discovering HIE-related small molecule biomarkers. Their role in associated biochemical disease mechanisms as well as the way towards their translation into the clinical practice are discussed.
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15
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Metabolic Phenotypes of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy with Normal vs. Pathologic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030109. [PMID: 32183365 PMCID: PMC7143850 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most relevant contributors to neurological disability in term infants. We hypothesized that clinical outcomes of newborns with (HIE) can be associated with changes at plasma metabolic level enabling the detection of brain injury. Plasma samples of a cohort of 55 asphyxiated infants who evolved to moderate/severe HIE were collected between birth and completion of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Samples were analyzed employing a quantitative gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the determination of lactate and pyruvate and an untargeted liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for metabolic fingerprinting. Brain injury was assessed employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A critical assessment of the usefulness of lactate, pyruvate, and pyruvate/lactate for outcome prediction was carried out. Besides, metabolic fingerprinting identified a dynamic perturbation of eleven metabolic pathways, including amino acid and purine metabolism, and the steroid hormone biosynthesis, in newborns with pathologic MRI outcomes. Although data suggest the usefulness of lactate and pyruvate monitoring during 72 h for discerning outcomes, only the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered in early plasma samples (i.e., before the initiation of TH). This study highlights pathways that might potentially be targeted for biomarker discovery or adjuvant therapies to be combined with TH.
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16
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Mazzella M, Sumner SJ, Gao S, Su L, Diao N, Mostofa G, Qamruzzaman Q, Pathmasiri W, Christiani DC, Fennell T, Gennings C. Quantitative methods for metabolomic analyses evaluated in the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:16-27. [PMID: 31548623 PMCID: PMC8041023 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With advances in technologies that facilitate metabolome-wide analyses, the incorporation of metabolomics in the pursuit of biomarkers of exposure and effect is rapidly evolving in population health studies. However, many analytic approaches are limited in their capacity to address high-dimensional metabolomics data within an epidemiologic framework, including the highly collinear nature of the metabolites and consideration of confounding variables. In this Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR) network study, we showcase various analytic approaches that are established as well as novel in the field of metabolomics, including univariate single metabolite models, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, weighted quantile sum (WQSRS) regression, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and latent class analysis (LCA). Here, in a Bangladeshi birth cohort (n = 199), we illustrate research questions that can be addressed by each analytic method in the assessment of associations between cord blood metabolites (1H NMR measurements) and birth anthropometric measurements (birth weight and head circumference).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazzella
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shangzhi Gao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Su
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nancy Diao
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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17
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Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a subtype of neonatal encephalopathy and a major contributor to global neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care there are still challenges in accurate determination of etiology of neonatal encephalopathy. Thus, identification of intrapartum risk factors and comprehensive evaluation of the neonate is important to determine the etiology and severity of neonatal encephalopathy. In developed countries, therapeutic hypothermia as a standard of care therapy for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has proven to decrease incidence of death and neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy in surviving children. Advances in neuroimaging, brain monitoring modalities, and biomarkers of brain injury have improved the ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat newborns with encephalopathy. However, challenges remain in early identification of neonates at risk for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and determination of the timing and extent of brain injury. Using imaging studies such as Neonatal MRI and MR spectroscopy have proven to be most useful in predicting outcomes in infants with encephalopathy within the first week of life, although comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments still remains the gold standard for determining long term outcomes. Future studies are needed to identify other newborns with encephalopathy that might benefit from therapeutic hypothermia and to determine the efficacy of other adjunctive neuroprotective strategies. This review focuses on newer evidence and advances in diagnoses and management of infants with neonatal encephalopathy, including novel therapies, as well as prognostication of outcomes to childhood.
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18
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Boruczkowski D, Pujal JM, Zdolińska-Malinowska I. Autologous cord blood in children with cerebral palsy: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2433. [PMID: 31100943 PMCID: PMC6566649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to report on the current knowledge regarding the clinical use of umbilical cord blood (CB) based on articles from PubMed and clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that CB may be used for both early diagnostics and treatment of cerebral palsy. The acidity of CB and its biochemical parameters, including dozens of cytokines, growth factors, and other metabolites (such as amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, succinate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and O-phosphocholine) are predictors of future neurodevelopment. In addition, several clinical studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of CB administration in both autologous and allogeneic models, including a meta-analysis of five clinical trials involving a total of 328 participants. Currently, nine clinical trials assessing the use of autologous umbilical CB in children diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or cerebral palsy are in progress. The total population assessed in these trials exceeds 2500 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Polski Bank Komórek Macierzystych S.A. (FamiCord Group), Jana Pawła II 29, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Josep-Maria Pujal
- Sevibe Cells, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG, C/Pic de Peguera No. 11, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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19
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Wood TR, Stubbs BJ, Juul SE. Exogenous Ketone Bodies as Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Developmental Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:451-462. [PMID: 31085911 DOI: 10.1159/000499563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are a promising area of neuroprotection research that may be ideally suited to the injured newborn. During normal development, the human infant is in significant ketosis for at least the first week of life. Ketone uptake and metabolism is upregulated in the both the fetus and neonate, with ketone bodies providing at least 10% of cerebral metabolic energy requirements, as well as being the preferred precursors for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. At the same time, ketone bodies have been shown to have multiple neuroprotective effects, including being anticonvulsant, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, and epigenetically upregulating the production of neurotrophic factors. While ketogenic diets and exogenous ketosis are largely being investigated in the setting of adult brain injury, the adaptation of the neonate to ketosis suggests that developmental brain injury may be the area most suited to the use of ketones for neuroprotection. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which ketone bodies exert their neuroprotective effects, and how these may translate to benefits within each of the phases of neonatal asphyxial brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, .,Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA,
| | - Brianna J Stubbs
- HVMN Inc., San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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20
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Nuñez A, Benavente I, Blanco D, Boix H, Cabañas F, Chaffanel M, Fernández-Colomer B, Fernández-Lorenzo JR, Loureiro B, Moral MT, Pavón A, Tofé I, Valverde E, Vento M. Oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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21
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Parikh P, Juul SE. Neuroprotective Strategies in Neonatal Brain Injury. J Pediatr 2018; 192:22-32. [PMID: 29031859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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22
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Nuñez A, Benavente I, Blanco D, Boix H, Cabañas F, Chaffanel M, Fernández-Colomer B, Fernández-Lorenzo JR, Loureiro B, Moral MT, Pavón A, Tofé I, Valverde E, Vento M. [Oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017. [PMID: 28648366 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth asphyxia is one of the principal causes of early neonatal death. In survivors it may evolve to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and major long-term neurological morbidity. Prolonged and intense asphyxia will lead to energy exhaustion in tissues exclusively dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as the central nervous system. Energy deficit leads to ATP-dependent pumps blockage, with the subsequent loss of neuronal transmembrane potential. The most sensitive areas of the brain will die due to necrosis. In more resistant areas, neuronal hyper-excitability, massive entrance of ionic calcium, activation of NO-synthase, free radical generation, and alteration in mitochondrial metabolism will lead to a secondary energy failure and programmed neuronal death by means of the activation of the caspase pathways. A third phase has recently been described that includes persistent inflammation and epigenetic changes that would lead to a blockage of oligodendrocyte maturation, alteration of neurogenesis, axonal maturation, and synaptogenesis. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a critical role causing direct damage to the central nervous system and activating metabolic cascades leading to apoptosis and inflammation. Moderate whole body hypothermia to preserve energy stores and to reduce the formation of oxygen reactive species attenuates the mechanisms that lead to the amplification of cerebral damage upon resuscitation. The combination of hypothermia with coadjuvant therapies may contribute to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nuñez
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | | | | | - Héctor Boix
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Fernando Cabañas
- Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | - Begoña Loureiro
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, España
| | | | - Antonio Pavón
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - Inés Tofé
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | | | - Máximo Vento
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
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23
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Kuligowski J, Solberg R, Sánchez-Illana Á, Pankratov L, Parra-Llorca A, Quintás G, Saugstad OD, Vento M. Plasma metabolite score correlates with Hypoxia time in a newly born piglet model for asphyxia. Redox Biol 2017; 12:1-7. [PMID: 28209514 PMCID: PMC5310173 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) secondary to perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of mortality and acquired long-term neurologic co-morbidities in the neonate. The most successful intervention for the treatment of moderate to severe HIE is moderate whole body hypothermia initiated within 6 h from birth. The objective and prompt identification of infants who are at risk of developing moderate to severe HIE in the critical first hours still remains a challenge. This work proposes a metabolite score calculated based on the relative intensities of three metabolites (choline, 6,8-dihydroxypurine and hypoxanthine) that showed maximum correlation with hypoxia time in a consolidated piglet model for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. The metabolite score's performance as a biomarker for perinatal hypoxia and its usefulness for clinical grading and decision making have been assessed and compared to the performance of lactate which is currently considered the gold standard. For plasma samples withdrawn before and directly after a hypoxic insult, the metabolite score performed similar to lactate. However, it provided an enhanced predictive capacity at 2 h after resuscitation. The present study evidences the usefulness of the metabolite score for improving the early assessment of the severity of the hypoxic insult based on serial determinations in a minimally invasive biofluid. The applicability of the metabolite score for clinical diagnosis and patient stratification for hypothermia treatment has to be confirmed in multicenter trials involving newborns suffering from HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rønnaug Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Ángel Sánchez-Illana
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonid Pankratov
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety (HEHS), Leitat Technological Center, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Analítica, Health Research Institute La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain.
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