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Wu B, Wu B, Benkaci S, Shi L, Lu P, Park T, Morrow BE, Wang Y, Zhou B. Crk and Crkl Are Required in the Endocardial Lineage for Heart Valve Development. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029683. [PMID: 37702066 PMCID: PMC10547300 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Endocardial cells are a major progenitor population that gives rise to heart valves through endocardial cushion formation by endocardial to mesenchymal transformation and the subsequent endocardial cushion remodeling. Genetic variants that affect these developmental processes can lead to congenital heart valve defects. Crk and Crkl are ubiquitously expressed genes encoding cytoplasmic adaptors essential for cell signaling. This study aims to explore the specific role of Crk and Crkl in the endocardial lineage during heart valve development. Methods and Results We deleted Crk and Crkl specifically in the endocardial lineage. The resultant heart valve morphology was evaluated by histological analysis, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms were investigated by immunostaining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that the targeted deletion of Crk and Crkl impeded the remodeling of endocardial cushions at the atrioventricular canal into the atrioventricular valves. We showed that apoptosis was temporally increased in the remodeling atrioventricular endocardial cushions, and this developmentally upregulated apoptosis was repressed by deletion of Crk and Crkl. Loss of Crk and Crkl also resulted in altered extracellular matrix production and organization in the remodeling atrioventricular endocardial cushions. These morphogenic defects were associated with altered expression of genes in BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), connective tissue growth factor, and WNT signaling pathways, and reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling activities. Conclusions Our findings support that Crk and Crkl have shared functions in the endocardial lineage that critically regulate atrioventricular valve development; together, they likely coordinate the morphogenic signals involved in the remodeling of the atrioventricular endocardial cushions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Brian Wu
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Sonia Benkaci
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Lijie Shi
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Taeju Park
- Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City and Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of MedicineKansas CityMO
| | | | - Yidong Wang
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
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2
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Baker EK, Brewer CJ, Ferreira L, Schapiro M, Tenney J, Wied HM, Kline-Fath BM, Smolarek TA, Weaver KN, Hopkin RJ. Further expansion and confirmation of phenotype in rare loss of YWHAE gene distinct from Miller-Dieker syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:526-539. [PMID: 36433683 PMCID: PMC10099970 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of 17p13.3 has varying degrees of severity on brain development based on precise location and size of the deletion. The most severe phenotype is Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) which is characterized by lissencephaly, dysmorphic facial features, growth failure, developmental disability, and often early death. Haploinsufficiency of PAFAH1B1 is responsible for the characteristic lissencephaly in MDS. The precise role of YWHAE haploinsufficiency in MDS is unclear. Case reports are beginning to elucidate the phenotypes of individuals with 17p13.3 deletions that have deletion of YWHAE but do not include deletion of PAFAH1B1. Through our clinical genetics practice, we identified four individuals with 17p13.3 deletion that include YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1. These patients have a similar phenotype of dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, and leukoencephalopathy. In a review of the literature, we identified 19 patients with 17p13.3 microdeletion sparing PAFAH1B1 but deleting YWHAE. Haploinsufficiency of YWHAE is associated with brain abnormalities including cystic changes. These individuals have high frequency of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features including prominent forehead, epicanthal folds, and broad nasal root. We conclude that deletion of 17p13.3 excluding PAFAH1B1 but including YWHAE is associated with a consistent phenotype and should be considered a distinct condition from MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Baker
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Casey J Brewer
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leonardo Ferreira
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Schapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tenney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather M Wied
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Division of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Teresa A Smolarek
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Clinical findings and genetic analysis of patients with copy number variants involving 17p13.3 using a single nucleotide polymorphism array: a single-center experience. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:268. [PMID: 36544138 PMCID: PMC9773569 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17p13.3 microdeletions or microduplications (collectively known as copy number variants or CNVs) have been described in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, 17p13.3 CNVs were rarely reported in fetuses. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of 17p13.3 CNVs with varied sizes and gene content in prenatal and postnatal samples. METHODS Eight cases with 17p13.3 CNVs out of 8806 samples that had been subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis were retrospectively analyzed, along with karyotyping, clinical features, and follow-up. RESULTS Eight cases with 17p13.3 CNVs consisted of five fetuses, one aborted embryo and two probands manifested severe congenital defects. The indications of prenatal testing varied considerably for the five fetuses, including ultrasound abnormalities (n = 3), segmental deletions indicated by non-invasive prenatal testing (n = 1), and intellectual disability in the mother of one fetus (n = 1). Of them, two and six harbored copy number gains and losses involving 17p13.3, respectively. The size of the detected 17p13.3 CNVs ranged from 576 kb to 5.7 Mb. Case 1 was diagnosed with 17p13.3 duplication syndrome, and cases 4, 6, and 7 with Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Microdeletions of the 17p13.3 region in two cases (cases 5 and 8) involving YWHAE and CRK, sparing PAFAH1B1, were classified as pathogenic. Case 2 harbored a 576 kb microduplication, encompassing YWHAE and CRK but not PAFAH1B1, which was of maternal origin and considered a variant of uncertain significance. Case 3 carried one 74.2 Mb mosaic duplication of approximately 3.5 on chromosome 17p13.2q25.3, and two deletions at 17p13.3p13.2 and 17q25.3. The karyotype of case 3 was 46,XY,r(17)(p13q25). For five fetuses, only case 2 continued gestation and showed normal development at the age of 15 months; the others were subjected to termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION The clinical findings of 17p13.3 microdeletions or microduplications varied among subjects, and 17p13.3 CNVs often differ in size and gene content. Microdeletions or microduplications containing the typical MDS region, as well as the microdeletions involving YWHAE and CRK, could be classified as pathogenic. The clinical significance of small duplications including YWHAE and CRK but not PAFAH1B1 remains uncertain, for which parental testing and clinical heterogeneity should be considered in genetic counseling.
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4
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Zhang YL, Jing XY, Zhen L, Pan M, Han J, Li DZ. Prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly: Ultrasonography and genetically investigative results. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 274:28-32. [PMID: 35567955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the experience on prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS)/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly to further determine fetal phenotypes of this syndrome. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of ten pregnancies with fetal MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly identified by chromosomal microarray (CMA)/exome sequencing (ES). Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, CMA or ES results and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Two cases were diagnosed in the first trimester because of an increased nuchal translucency. The remaining eight cases were identified at late gestation, including four in the second trimester because of fetal cardiac anomalies or ventriculomegaly, and four in the third trimester because of ventriculomegaly. CMA revealed 17p13.3 deletions in nine cases, and ES detected a de novo PAFAH1B1 missense mutation in one case. CONCLUSION The prenatal presentation of MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly depended on the gestational age when the diagnosis was made. Mild ventriculomegaly was the most common prenatal sonographic sign identified in cases of MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly. It is important that fetal MRI and invasive testing with CMA should be considered in fetuses with apparently 'isolated' mild ventriculomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ling Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Jing
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Pan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Han
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Yang YY, Liu CT, Pai LF, Hu CF, Chen SJ, Hsu WF. Case Report: First Case of Non-restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect With Congestive Heart Failure in a Chinese Han Male Infant Carrying a Class II Chromosome 17p13.3 Microduplication. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:825298. [PMID: 35311053 PMCID: PMC8926061 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.825298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is considered a multisystem disorder that results in a wide variety of clinical manifestations including dysmorphic facial characteristics, brain structural malformations, developmental restriction, growth restriction, and neurocognitive disorders. The two major classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication, which have different clinical presentations, are associated with specific genetic regions. Among the various known phenotypes, scattered cases with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been reported for both classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Unfortunately, there is insufficient understanding of the correlation between chromosome anomaly induced alterations in gene expression and aberrant cardiac development, and thus early diagnosis of CHD among patients with chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication is difficult without routine prenatal cardiac assessment. One such congenital heart anomalies known to affect a substantial number of newborns worldwide is ventricular septal defect (VSD), which has been found in 17p13.3 microduplication carriers, and seems to sometimes undergo spontaneous closure. We report an unprecedented case of moderate sized perimembranous-outlet VSD and congestive heart failure (CHF) in a Chinese Han male infant with a class II chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication. Despite the fact that cytogenic testing and fetal echocardiography confirmed a 249-Kb chromosome duplication within 17p13.3 that encompassed the PAFAH1B1 gene and showed the presence of VSD during prenatal period, this patient still developed a range of symptoms including sustained prolonged feeding, dyspnea, diaphoresis and retarded growth. A physical examination indicated hepatomegaly and a grade III/VI pan-systolic murmur along the left upper sternal border. Laboratory testing showed a high serum pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP). Imaging studies revealed cardiomegaly and a persistent VSD with related pulmonary stenosis. Since the clinical findings were compatible with CHF, we provided mainline treatment with digoxin, captopril, and furosemide, as well as fluid restriction. Despite sustained poor weight gain, the feeding behavior and the respiratory conditions of the patient improved gradually. This case report and literature review suggest that patients carrying chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication who have VSD may have an increased risk of developing CHF as young infants and hence a comprehensive cardiac evaluation is warranted to allow the early diagnosis and management of any severe heart anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Lustosa-Mendes E, Santos APD, Vieira TP, Ribeiro EM, Rezende AA, Fett-Conte AC, Cavalcanti DP, Félix TM, Monlleó IL, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL. Identification of genomic imbalances in oral clefts. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97:321-328. [PMID: 32707036 PMCID: PMC9432012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article presents a clinical and cytogenomic approach that focuses on the diagnosis of syndromic oral clefts (OCs). METHODS The inclusion criteria were individuals with OC presenting four or more minor signs and no major defects (non-syndromic oral clefts [NSOCs]) as well as individuals with OC presenting at least another major defect, regardless of the number of minor signs (syndromic oral clefts [SOCs]). The exclusion criteria included NSOC with less than four minor signs, SOC with known etiology, as well as atypical oral clefts. RESULTS Of 1647 individuals with OC recorded in the Brazilian Database of Craniofacial Anomalies, 100 individuals were selected for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). Among these, 44 individuals were clinically classified as NSOC and 56 as SOC. CMA was performed for both groups, and abnormal CMA was identified in 9%, all previously classified as SCO. The clinical and CMA data analyses showed a significant predominance of abnormal CMA in individuals classified as SOC (p = 0.0044); prematurity, weight, length, and head circumference at birth were significantly lower in the group with abnormal CMA. Besides, minor signs were significantly higher in this group (p = 0.0090). CONCLUSION The rigorous selection of cases indicates that the significant variables could help in early recognition of SOC. This study reinforces the importance of applying the CMA technique to establish the diagnosis of SOC. This is an important and universal issue in clinical practice for intervention, care, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lustosa-Mendes
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Labio-Palatal, Hospital do Trabalhador (CAIF-HT), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana P Dos Santos
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Társis P Vieira
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erlane M Ribeiro
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS), Serviço de Genética Médica, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Rezende
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Agnes C Fett-Conte
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP/FUNFARME), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Programa Genético Perinatal, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Têmis M Félix
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Serviço de Genética Médica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabella L Monlleó
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Medicina, Setor de Genética Médica, Hospital Universitário, Serviço de Genética Clínica, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Tacla MA, Sgardioli IC, Vieira TP, Monlleó IL. Brazil's Craniofacial Project: Different approaches on orofacial clefts and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:912-927. [PMID: 33166033 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the present situation of Brazilian health care in genetics for Orofacial Cleft (OFC) and 22q11.2 Deletions Syndrome (22q11.2 DS) based on research conducted by Brazil's Craniofacial Project (BCFP). Established in 2003, BCFP is a voluntary and cooperative network aiming to investigate the health care of people with these diseases and other craniofacial anomalies. The initiatives and research results are presented in four sections: (a) a comprehensive report of the Brazilian public health system in craniofacial genetics; (b) multicentric studies developed on OFC and 22q11.2 DS; (c) education strategies focused on addressing these conditions for both population and health-care professionals; and (d) the nosology through the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA). Since 2006, BDCA uses a standardized method with detailed clinical data collection, which allows for conducting studies on nosology, genotype-phenotype correlations, and natural history; data can also contribute to public policies. Currently, the BDCA stores data on 1,724 individuals, including 1,351 (78.36%) who were primarily admitted due to OFC and 373 (21.63%) with clinical suspicion of 22q11.2 DS. Chromosomal abnormalities/genomic imbalances were represented by 92/213 (43.19%) individuals with syndromic OFC, including 43 with 22q11.2 DS, which indicates the need for chromosomal microarray analysis in this group. The nosologic diversity reinforces that monitoring clinical is the best strategy for etiological investigation. BCFP's methodology has introduced the possibility of increasing scientific knowledge and genetic diagnosis of OFC and 22q11.2 DS to in turn improve health care and policies for this group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Atique Tacla
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilária Cristina Sgardioli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Társis Paiva Vieira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Lopes Monlleó
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Medical Genetics Sector, Federal University of Alagoas-UFAL, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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8
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Shi X, Huang W, Lu J, He W, Liu Q, Wu J. Prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome by chromosomal microarray. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 85:92-96. [PMID: 33026665 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the experience on prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) to further delineate the fetal presentation of this syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Fetal MDS was diagnosed prenatally by chromosomal microarray (CMA). Clinical data were reviewed for these cases, including maternal characteristics, indications for prenatal diagnosis, sonographic findings, CMA results, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Four cases were diagnosis as MDS by CMA. The most common sonographic features were ventriculomegaly (3/4) and polyhydramnios (2/4). Deletion sizes ranged from 1.5 to 5.4 Mb. All microdeletions were located at the MDS critical region and showed haploinsufficiency of the YWHAE, CRK, and PAFAH1B1. All patients chose to terminate the pregnancy. Parental chromosome analysis were preformed in three cases and demonstrated that two cases were de novo and one case was caused by inherited derivative chromosomes from parental balanced translocations. CONCLUSION The most common prenatal ultrasound findings of MDS were ventriculomegaly and polyhydramnios. CMA can improve diagnostic precision for detecting MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Shi
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Nam KH, Yi SA, Jang HJ, Han JW, Lee J. In vitro modeling for inherited neurological diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells: from 2D to organoid. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:877-889. [PMID: 32761309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal and by their ability to differentiate into cells of various organs. With massive progress in 2D and 3D cell culture techniques, in vitro generation of various types of such organoids from patient-derived stem cells is now possible. As in vitro differentiation protocols are usually made to resemble human developmental processes, organogenesis of patient-derived stem cells can provide key information regarding a range of developmental diseases. Human stem cell-based in vitro modeling as opposed to using animal models can particularly benefit the evaluation of neurological diseases because of significant differences in structure and developmental processes between the human and the animal brain. This review focuses on stem cell-based in vitro modeling of neurodevelopmental disorders, more specifically, the fundamentals and technical advancements in monolayer neuron and brain organoid cultures. Furthermore, we discuss the drawbacks of the conventional culture method and explore the advanced, cutting edge 3D organoid models for several neurodevelopmental diseases, including genetic diseases such as Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Miller-Dieker syndrome, as well as brain malformations like macrocephaly and microcephaly. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current organoid techniques and some potential solutions that pave the way for accurate modeling of neurological disorders in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Imnewrun Biosciences Inc., Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Romano C, Ferranti S, Mencarelli MA, Longo I, Renieri A, Grosso S. 17p13.3 microdeletion including YWHAE and CRK genes: towards a clinical characterization. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2259-2262. [PMID: 32323081 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The short arm of chromosome 17 is characterized by a high density of low copy repeats, creating the opportunity for non-allelic homologous recombination to occur. Microdeletions of the 17p13.3 region are responsible for neuronal migration disorders including isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a 4-year and 2-month-old female with peculiar somatic traits and neurodevelopmental delay. At the age of 6 months, she started to present with infantile spasms syndrome; therefore, we administered vigabatrin followed by two cycles of adrenocorticotropic hormone, with good response. The coexistence of epileptic activity, neuropsychological delay, brain imaging abnormalities, and peculiar somatic features oriented us towards the hypothesis of a genetic etiology that could explain her clinical picture. Array CGH identified a 730 Kb deletion in the p13.3 region of the short arm of chromosome 17 including eleven genes, among these are YWHAE and CRK. DISCUSSION Microdeletions of the 17p13.3 region involving only YWHAE and CRK, sparing PAFAH1B1, result in neurodevelopmental delay, growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and mild structural brain abnormalities. Differently from the previously described patients carrying YWHAE and CRK deletions, the main complaint of our patient was represented by seizures. The absence of clear neuronal migration defects and mutations of the PAFAH1B1 gene in our patient underlines the central role of additional genes located in the 17p13.3 chromosomal region in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and helps to expand the phenotype of 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Universita' degli Studi di Siena, viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferranti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Universita' degli Studi di Siena, viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Longo
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Universita' degli Studi di Siena, viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
- U.O.C. Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Gil-da-Silva-Lopes V, Fontes M, dos Santos A, Appenzeller S, Fett-Conte A, Francisquetti M, Monlleó I. Syndromic Oral Clefts: Challenges of Genetic Assessment in Brazil and Suggestions to Improve Health Policies. Public Health Genomics 2019; 22:69-76. [DOI: 10.1159/000501973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Genetic Imbalances in Argentinean Patients with Congenital Conotruncal Heart Defects. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090454. [PMID: 30208644 PMCID: PMC6162499 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital conotruncal heart defects (CCHD) are a subset of serious congenital heart defects (CHD) of the cardiac outflow tracts or great arteries. Its frequency is estimated in 1/1000 live births, accounting for approximately 10–30% of all CHD cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to the disease risk in patients with syndromic and/or non-syndromic forms. Although largely studied in several populations, their frequencies are barely reported for Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to analyze chromosomal abnormalities, 22q11 deletions, and other genomic imbalances in a group of Argentinean patients with CCHD of unknown etiology. A cohort of 219 patients with isolated CCHD or associated with other major anomalies were referred from different provinces of Argentina. Cytogenetic studies, Multiplex-Ligation-Probe-Amplification (MLPA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were performed. No cytogenetic abnormalities were found. 22q11 deletion was found in 23.5% of the patients from our cohort, 66% only had CHD with no other major anomalies. None of the patients with transposition of the great vessels (TGV) carried the 22q11 deletion. Other 4 clinically relevant CNVs were also observed: a distal low copy repeat (LCR)D-E 22q11 duplication, and 17p13.3, 4q35 and TBX1 deletions. In summary, 25.8% of CCHD patients presented imbalances associated with the disease.
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Smith TH, Toyo-Oka K. Neurodevelopmental Genetic Diseases Associated With Microdeletions and Microduplications of Chromosome 17p13.3. Front Genet 2018; 9:80. [PMID: 29628935 PMCID: PMC5876250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 is a region of genomic instability that is linked to different rare neurodevelopmental genetic diseases, depending on whether a deletion or duplication of the region has occurred. Chromosome microdeletions within 17p13.3 can result in either isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) or Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Both conditions are associated with a smooth cerebral cortex, or lissencephaly, which leads to developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. However, patients with MDS have larger deletions than patients with ILS, resulting in additional symptoms such as poor muscle tone, congenital anomalies, abnormal spasticity, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. In contrast to microdeletions in 17p13.3, recent studies have attracted considerable attention to a condition known as a 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Depending on the genes involved in their microduplication, patients with 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome may be categorized into either class I or class II. Individuals in class I have microduplications of the YWHAE gene encoding 14-3-3ε, as well as other genes in the region. However, the PAFAH1B1 gene encoding LIS1 is never duplicated in these patients. Class I microduplications generally result in learning disabilities, autism, and developmental delays, among other disorders. Individuals in class II always have microduplications of the PAFAH1B1 gene, which may include YWHAE and other genetic microduplications. Class II microduplications generally result in smaller body size, developmental delays, microcephaly, and other brain malformations. Here, we review the phenotypes associated with copy number variations (CNVs) of chromosome 17p13.3 and detail their developmental connection to particular microdeletions or microduplications. We also focus on existing single and double knockout mouse models that have been used to study human phenotypes, since the highly limited number of patients makes a study of these conditions difficult in humans. These models are also crucial for the study of brain development at a mechanistic level since this cannot be accomplished in humans. Finally, we emphasize the usefulness of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and next generation sequencing in the study of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Lai ST, Chuang TY, Yang CW, Lee CC, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of a 0.7-Mb 17p13.3 microdeletion encompassing YWHAE and CRK but not PAFAH1B1 in a fetus without ultrasound abnormalities. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:128-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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