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Pimentel HDC, Macêdo-Lima M, Viola GG, Melleu FF, Dos Santos TS, Franco HS, da Silva RDS, Lino-de-Oliveira C, Marino-Neto J, Dos Santos JR, Marchioro M. Telencephalic distributions of doublecortin and glial fibrillary acidic protein suggest novel migratory pathways in adult lizards. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 112:101901. [PMID: 33271217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been reported in all major vertebrate taxa. However, neurogenic rates and the number of neurogenic foci vary greatly, and are higher in ancestral taxa. Our study aimed to evaluate the distribution of doublecortin (DCX) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in telencephalic areas of the adult tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus. We describe evidence for four main neurogenic foci, which coincide anatomically with the ventricular sulci described by the literature. Based on neuronal morphology, we infer four migratory patterns/pathways. In the cortex, patterns of GFAP and DCX staining support radial migrations from ventricular zones into cortical areas and dorsoventricular ridge. Cells radiating from the sulcus septomedialis (SM) seemed to migrate to the medial cortex and dorsal cortex. From the sulcus lateralis (SL), they seemed to be bound for the lateral cortex, central amygdala and nucleus sphericus. We describe a DCX-positive stream originating in the caudal sulcus ventralis and seemingly bound for the olfactory bulb, resembling a rostral migratory stream. We provide evidence for a previously undescribed tangential dorso-septo-caudal migratory stream, with neuroblasts supported by DCX-positive fibers. Finally, we provide evidence for a commissural migration stream seemingly bound for the contralateral nucleus sphericus. Therefore, in addition to two previously known migratory streams, this study provides anatomical evidence in support for two novel migratory routes in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de C Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Macêdo-Lima
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Giordano G Viola
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Melleu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Heitor S Franco
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Dos S da Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | | | - José Marino-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - José R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Marchioro
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
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Docampo-Seara A, Pereira-Guldrís S, Sánchez-Farías N, Mazan S, Rodríguez MA, Candal E. Characterization of neurogenic niches in the telencephalon of juvenile and adult sharks. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:817-839. [PMID: 32062722 PMCID: PMC7046584 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a multistep process by which progenitor cells become terminally differentiated neurons. Adult neurogenesis has gathered increasing interest with the aim of developing new cell-based treatments for neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Active sites of adult neurogenesis exist from fish to mammals, although in the adult mammalian brain the number and extension of neurogenic areas is considerably reduced in comparison to non-mammalian vertebrates and they become mostly reduced to the telencephalon. Much of our understanding in this field is based in studies on mammals and zebrafish, a modern bony fish. The use of the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula (representative of basal gnathostomes) as a model expands the comparative framework to a species that shows highly neurogenic activity in the adult brain. In this work, we studied the proliferation pattern in the telencephalon of juvenile and adult specimens of S. canicula using antibodies against the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We have characterized proliferating niches using stem cell markers (Sex determining region Y-box 2), glial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain lipid binding protein and glutamine synthase), intermediate progenitor cell markers (Dlx2 and Tbr2) and markers for migrating neuroblasts (Doublecortin). Based in the expression pattern of these markers, we demonstrate the existence of different cell subtypes within the PCNA immunoreactive zones including non-glial stem cells, glial progenitors, intermediate progenitor-like cells and migratory neuroblasts, which were widely distributed in the ventricular zone of the pallium, suggesting that the main progenitor types that constitute the neurogenic niche in mammals are already present in cartilaginous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Docampo-Seara
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Pereira-Guldrís
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sánchez-Farías
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Mazan
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls, France
| | - M A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Candal
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GPF, Malva JO, Crespo-Lopez ME. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Different Taxonomic Groups: Possible Functional Similarities and Striking Controversies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020125. [PMID: 30764477 PMCID: PMC6406791 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs in many species, from fish to mammals, with an apparent reduction in the number of both neurogenic zones and new neurons inserted into established circuits with increasing brain complexity. Although the absolute number of new neurons is high in some species, the ratio of these cells to those already existing in the circuit is low. Continuous replacement/addition plays a role in spatial navigation (migration) and other cognitive processes in birds and rodents, but none of the literature relates adult neurogenesis to spatial navigation and memory in primates and humans. Some models developed by computational neuroscience attribute a high weight to hippocampal adult neurogenesis in learning and memory processes, with greater relevance to pattern separation. In contrast to theories involving neurogenesis in cognitive processes, absence/rarity of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of primates and adult humans was recently suggested and is under intense debate. Although the learning process is supported by plasticity, the retention of memories requires a certain degree of consolidated circuitry structures, otherwise the consolidation process would be hampered. Here, we compare and discuss hippocampal adult neurogenesis in different species and the inherent paradoxical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Research on Neurodegeneration and Infection, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Gabriela P F Arrifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - João O Malva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
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Mazengenya P, Bhagwandin A, Manger PR, Ihunwo AO. Putative Adult Neurogenesis in Old World Parrots: The Congo African Grey Parrot ( Psittacus erithacus) and Timneh Grey Parrot ( Psittacus timneh). Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:7. [PMID: 29487507 PMCID: PMC5816827 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we examined for the first time, the potential for adult neurogenesis throughout the brain of the Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus timneh) using immunohistochemistry for the endogenous markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which labels proliferating cells, and doublecortin (DCX), which stains immature and migrating neurons. A similar distribution of PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was found throughout the brain of the Congo African grey and Timneh grey parrots, but minor differences were also observed. In both species of parrots, PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory bulbs, subventricular zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle, telencephalic subdivisions of the pallium and subpallium, diencephalon, mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon. The olfactory bulb and telencephalic subdivisions exhibited a higher density of both PCNA and DCX immunoreactive cells than any other brain region. DCX immunoreactive staining was stronger in the telencephalon than in the subtelencephalic structures. There was evidence of proliferative hot spots in the dorsal and ventral poles of the lateral ventricle in the Congo African grey parrots at rostral levels, whereas only the dorsal accumulation of proliferating cells was observed in the Timneh grey parrot. In most pallial regions the density of PCNA and DCX stained cells increased from rostral to caudal levels with the densest staining in the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL). The widespread distribution of PCNA and DCX in the brains of both parrot species suggest the importance of adult neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity during learning and adaptation to external environmental variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedzisai Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amadi O Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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