1
|
Mariotto LF, Dada AN, Campos da Silva T, Beirith A, Francisco SRS, de Souza Junior JC, Ebert KG, Schelemberg de Oliverira J, Hirano ZMB. Growth and allometric curves of southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba): Insights on its ontogeny and conservation. Am J Primatol 2024:e23675. [PMID: 39104042 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Ontogenetic sexual dimorphism is observed in different primate species, with ecological and evolutionary relationships explaining this pattern. Understanding the growth of the southern brown howler monkey elucidates not only the ecology and evolution but also contributes to conservation projects for this species. Throughout 20 years of the Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial-Projeto Bugio, Brazil, we collected morphological data on 105 howlers of the Alouatta guariba species to identify the growth differences between ontogenetic categories and sexes and generate a growth curve to estimate the age of rescued individuals. Linear measurements were employed to obtain body length as well as the dimensions of the head and limbs. All individuals were also weighed to obtain body mass. We assessed growth rate and duration using allometric analysis based on the individuals' ages. We compared growth rate and duration among infant, juvenile, and adult howlers and between sexes. We provide growth curves for body size for both sexes using the Von Bertalanffy model. Infants have accelerated growth rate in comparison to the juveniles and adults, with no differences between sexes in establishing body length at this ontogenetic stage. Males have a prolonged development duration from the juvenile stage, reaching adulthood later than females, which explains the body length differences found in this species. Variables of head and limbs analyzed also showed differences in growth rate and duration, but not so consistently among ontogenetic stages. Mass was not a good variable to understand the growth differences of the animals, since many arrived feeble in the project and may have lost mass due to different circumstances in old age. Therefore, growth curves were obtained only for body length, allowing the estimation of the age of these animals when rescued from the wild to more effectively provide needed care in captivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Naissa Dada
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial (CEPESBI)-Projeto Bugio, Indaial, Brazil
| | - Thiago Campos da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial (CEPESBI)-Projeto Bugio, Indaial, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Beirith
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial (CEPESBI)-Projeto Bugio, Indaial, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kaio Gutieres Ebert
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial (CEPESBI)-Projeto Bugio, Indaial, Brazil
| | | | - Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial (CEPESBI)-Projeto Bugio, Indaial, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urlacher SS, Kim EY, Luan T, Young LJ, Adjetey B. Minimally invasive biomarkers in human and non-human primate evolutionary biology: Tools for understanding variation and adaptation. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23811. [PMID: 36205445 PMCID: PMC9787651 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs - physiological biomarkers obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and medicine over the past several decades. The MIB approach is a methodological strength in the field of human and non-human primate evolutionary biology (HEB). Among humans and our closest relatives, MIBs provide unique opportunities to document phenotypic variation and to operationalize evolutionary hypotheses. AIMS This paper overviews the use of MIBs in HEB. Our objectives are to (1) highlight key research topics which successfully implement MIBs, (2) identify promising yet under-investigated areas of MIB application, and (3) discuss current challenges in MIB research, with suggestions for advancing the field. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A range of MIBs are used to investigate focal topics in HEB, including energetics and life history variation/evolution, developmental plasticity, and social status and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, we identify gaps in existing MIB research on traits such as physical growth and gut function that are central to the field. Several challenges remain for HEB research using MIBs, including the need for additional biomarkers and methods of assessment, robust validations, and approaches that are standardized across labs and research groups. Importantly, researchers must provide better support for adaptation and fitness effects in hypothesis testing (e.g., by obtaining complementary measures of energy expenditure, demonstrating redundancy of function, and performing lifetime/longitudinal analyses). We point to continued progress in the use of MIBs in HEB to better understand the past, present, and future of humans and our closest primate relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of AnthropologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Child and Brain Development ProgramCIFARTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Y. Kim
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Department of BiologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Tiffany Luan
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Lauren J. Young
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Brian Adjetey
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Exposure to adversity can accelerate biological aging. However, existing biomarkers of early aging are either costly and difficult to collect, like epigenetic signatures, or cannot be detected until late childhood, like pubertal onset. We evaluated the hypothesis that early adversity is associated with earlier molar eruption, an easily assessed measure that has been used to track the length of childhood across primates. In a preregistered analysis (n = 117, ages 4 to 7 y), we demonstrate that lower family income and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly associated with earlier eruption of the first permanent molars, as rated in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). We replicate relationships between income and molar eruption in a population-representative dataset (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; n = 1,973). These findings suggest that the impact of stress on the pace of biological development is evident in early childhood, and detectable in the timing of molar eruption.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ostovar Rad F, Javanshir B, Nemati S, Khaksari F, Mansoori R, Ranjzad H, Shokri A. Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism with Mandibular Parameters by Digital Panoramic Radiography. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Sex determination is the first step of personal identification in the field of forensics and is essential for reconstructive profiling. The skull appears to be the most reliable part of the skeleton, apart from the pelvis, in sex determination. Tooth and bone are used as a key tool for personal identification due to their high resistance to decomposition and degradation. The present study aimed to evaluate the sexual dimorphism with mandibular parameters by digital panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods:
In this analytical-descriptive study, the mandibular parameters in 315 females and 217 males, including the ramus height, the coronoid height, the mental height, the mandible body height, the minimum width of the ramus, the distance between the right and left gonial angle, the distance between the right and left condyle and the distance between the right and left coronoid, were measured in the panoramic radiography via SCANORA software. Discriminant function and canonical regression methods were used to determine the predictability of mandibular parameters in sexual dimorphism. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
All parameters were statistically significant between genders (P<0.05). The mean of all parameters, except the gonial angle, in males, was higher than that of the female. Percentage of correctly classified in discriminant function based on the central and right side and left side dimorphic parameters of the mandible is 82.5% and 82.9%, respectively.
Conclusion:
According to the present study, panoramic radiography can be considered as a valuable tool in sex determination (with an accuracy of 82.5%), and all parameters of mandible had sexual dimorphism and showed that they are reliable parameters with a total accuracy of 82.5% in the sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bernstein RM, O'Connor GK, Vance EA, Affara N, Drammeh S, Dunger DB, Faal A, Ong KK, Sosseh F, Prentice AM, Moore SE. Timing of the Infancy-Childhood Growth Transition in Rural Gambia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:142. [PMID: 32265838 PMCID: PMC7105771 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Karlberg model of human growth describes the infancy, childhood, and puberty (ICP) stages as continuous and overlapping, and defined by transitions driven by sequential additional effects of several endocrine factors that shape the growth trajectory and resultant adult size. Previous research has suggested that a delayed transition from the infancy to the childhood growth stage contributes to sub-optimal growth outcomes. A new method developed to analyze the structure of centile crossing in early life has emerged as a potential tool for identifying the infancy-childhood transition (ICT), through quantifying patterns of adjacent monthly weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) deviation correlations. Using this method, the infancy-childhood transition was identified as taking place at around 12 months of age in two cohorts of UK infants. Here, we apply this method to data collected as part of a longitudinal growth study in rural Gambia [the Hormonal and Epigenetic Regulators of Growth, or HERO-G study, N = 212 (F = 99, M = 113)], in order to identify the ICT and assess whether timing of this transition differs across groups based on sex or birth seasonality. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for adjacent monthly WAZ score deviations. Based on the patterns of change in the correlation structure over time, our results suggest that the infancy-childhood transition occurs at around 9 months of age in rural Gambian infants. This points to an accelerated ICT compared to UK infants, rather than a delayed ICT. A comparatively later transition, seen in UK infants, allows maximal extension of the high rates of growth during the infancy stage; an earlier transition as seen in Gambian infants cuts short this period of rapid growth, potentially impacting on growth outcomes in childhood while diverting energy into other processes critical to responses to acute infectious challenges. Growth in later developmental stages in this population offers an extended window for catch-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Bernstein
- Growth and Development Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - G. Kesler O'Connor
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA), Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eric A. Vance
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA), Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Nabeel Affara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saikou Drammeh
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abdoulie Faal
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fatou Sosseh
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McHale TS, Chee WC, Chan KC, Zava DT, Gray PB. Coalitional Physical Competition. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2018; 29:245-267. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-018-9321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Matthews HS, Penington AJ, Hardiman R, Fan Y, Clement JG, Kilpatrick NM, Claes PD. Modelling 3D craniofacial growth trajectories for population comparison and classification illustrated using sex-differences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4771. [PMID: 29556038 PMCID: PMC5859289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many disorders present with characteristic abnormalities of the craniofacial complex. Precise descriptions of how and when these abnormalities emerge and change during childhood and adolescence can inform our understanding of their underlying pathology and facilitate diagnosis from craniofacial shape. In this paper we develop a framework for analysing how anatomical differences between populations emerge and change over time, and for binary group classification that adapts to the age of each participant. As a proxy for a disease-control comparison we use a database of 3D photographs of normally developing boys and girls to examine emerging sex-differences. Essentially we define 3D craniofacial 'growth curves' for each sex. Differences in the forehead, upper lip, chin and nose emerge primarily from different growth rates between the groups, whereas differences in the buccal region involve different growth directions. Differences in the forehead, buccal region and chin are evident before puberty, challenging the view that sex differences result from pubertal hormone levels. Classification accuracy was best for older children. This paper represents a significant methodological advance for the study of facial differences between growing populations and comprehensively describes developing craniofacial sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold S Matthews
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Penington
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rita Hardiman
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi Fan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John G Clement
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Nicola M Kilpatrick
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter D Claes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Processing Speech and Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Centre, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|