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Wang Y, Yang H, Wang C, Yuan T, Zhang S. Reduced risk tolerance and cortical excitability following COVID-19 infection. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14879. [PMID: 39107954 PMCID: PMC11303455 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of PsychiatryTongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haoran Yang
- School of Educational ScienceChongqing Normal UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersBrain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ti‐Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersBrain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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2
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Ni J, Jiang W, Gong X, Fan Y, Qiu H, Dou J, Zhang J, Wang H, Li C, Su M. Effect of rTMS intervention on upper limb motor function after stroke: A study based on fNIRS. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1077218. [PMID: 36711205 PMCID: PMC9880218 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1077218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a disease with a high fatality rate worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. In the rehabilitation of limb motor function after stroke, the rehabilitation of upper limb function takes a long time and the recovery progress is slow, which seriously affects the patients' self-care ability in daily life. Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been increasingly used to improve limb dysfunction in patients with stroke. However, a standardized reference for selecting a magnetic stimulation regimen is not available. Whether to increase the inhibition of the contralateral hemispheric motor cortex remains controversial. This study has evaluated the effects of different rTMS stimulation programs on upper limb function and corresponding brain functional network characteristics of patients with stroke and sought a new objective standard based on changes in brain network parameters to guide accurate rTMS stimulation programs. Method Thirty-six patients with stroke were selected and divided into control group and treatment group by number table method, with 18 patients in each group, and 3 patients in the control group were turned out and lost due to changes in disease condition. The treatment group was divided into two groups. TMS1 group was given 1 Hz magnetic stimulation in the M1 region of the contralesional hemisphere +10 Hz magnetic stimulation in the M1 region of the affected hemisphere, and the TMS2 group was given 10 Hz magnetic stimulation in the M1 region of the affected hemisphere. The control group was given false stimulation. The treatment course was once a day for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) sand near-infrared brain function were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, and 4 weeks after treatment, and the brain function network was constructed. Changes in brain oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and brain network parameters were analyzed with the recovery of motor function (i.e., increased FMA score). Meanwhile, according to the average increment of brain network parameters, the rTMS stimulation group was divided into two groups with good efficacy and poor efficacy. Network parameters of the two groups before and after rTMS treatment were analyzed statistically. Results (1) Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in Fugl-Meyer score between the control group and the magnetic stimulation group (p = 0.178).Compared with before treatment, Fugl-Meyer scores of 2 and 4 weeks after treatment were significantly increased in both groups (p <0.001), and FMA scores of 4 weeks after treatment were significantly improved compared with 2 weeks after treatment (p < 0.001). FMA scores increased faster in the magnetic stimulation group at 2 and 4 weeks compared with the control group at the same time point (p <0.001).TMS1 and TMS2 were compared at the same time point, FMA score in TMS2 group increased more significantly after 4 weeks of treatment (p = 0.010). (2) Before treatment, HbO2 content in healthy sensory motor cortex (SMC) area of magnetic stimulation group and control group was higher than that in other region of interest (ROI) area, but there was no significant difference in ROI between the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the HbO2 content in the healthy SMC area was significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while the HbO2 content in the affected SMC area was significantly increased, and the change was more significant in the magnetic stimulation group (p < 0.001). (3) In-depth study found that with the recovery of motor function (FMA upper limb score increase ≥4 points) after magnetic stimulation intervention, brain network parameters were significantly improved. The mean increment of network parameters in TMS1 group and TMS2 group was significantly different (χ 2 = 5.844, p = 0.016). TMS2 group was more advantageous than TMS1 group in improving the mean increment of brain network parameters. Conclusion (1) The rTMS treatment is beneficial to the recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients, and can significantly improve the intensity of brain network connection and reduce the island area. The island area refers to an isolated activated brain area that cannot transmit excitation to other related brain areas. (2) When the node degree of M1_Healthy region less than 0.52, it is suggested to perform promotion therapy only in the affected hemisphere. While the node degree greater than 0.52, and much larger than that in the M1_affected region. it is suggested that both inhibition in the contralesional hemisphere and high-frequency excitatory magnetic stimulation in the affected hemisphere can be performed. (3) In different brain functional network connection states, corresponding adjustment should be made to the treatment plan of rTMS to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and precise rehabilitation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Rongjun Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Rongjun Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyang Gong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wuxi International Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Rehabilitation Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Rehabilitation Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Dou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wuxi International Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Hongxing Wang, ✉
| | - Chunguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Robotics and System of Jiangsu Province, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Chunguang Li, ✉
| | - Min Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Rehabilitation Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Min Su, ✉
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3
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Feng Y, Dai W, Ke J, Cui Y, Li S, Ma J, Guo W, Chen G, Li N, Li Y. Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1095-1105. [PMID: 35658820 PMCID: PMC9176630 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Valerian extract capsule (VEC) is an effective Chinese patent medicine used for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the detailed pharmacological activity for VEC clinical effects in GI diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, model, and drug-treated (VEC-L, VEC-M, VEC-H, and teprenone). Rats were orally administered VEC (124, 248, 496 mg/kg) and teprenone (21.43 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. After 1 h, the five groups (except the control group) were orally given ethanol (10 mL/kg) for 1 h or indomethacin (80 mg/kg) for 7 h. The spasmolytic activity of VEC (0.01-1 mg/mL) on ACh/BaCl2-induced New Zealand rabbit smooth muscle contraction was performed. The C57BL/6 mice carbon propelling test evaluated the effects of VEC (248-992 mg/kg) on intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice. RESULTS Compared with the model group, VEC treatment reduced the gastric lesion index and mucosal damage. Further experiments showed that the pathological ameliorative effect of VEC was accompanied by augmentation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and cytoprotective marker (COX-1, p < 0.01; PGI2 p < 0.05;), along with the alleviation of the levels of MPO (ethanol: 15.56 ± 0.82 vs. 12.15 ± 2.60, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 9.65 ± 3.06 vs. 6.36 ± 2.43, p < 0.05), MDA (ethanol: 1.66 ± 0.44 vs. 0.81 ± 0.58, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 1.71 ± 0.87 vs. 1.09 ± 0.43, p < 0.05), and inflammatory mediators. VEC decreased the high tone induced by ACh/BaCl2 and promoted intestinal transit in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS VEC showed a potential gastroprotective effect, suggesting that VEC is a promising phytomedicine for the treatment of GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wan Dai
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Ke
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Gaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Physical Education College of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Gang Chen
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Ning Li School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Yanwu Li Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510405, China
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Concerto C, Rodolico A, La Rosa VL, Aiello B, Martinez M, Stuto S, Infortuna C, Fusar-Poli L, Signorelli MS, Commodari E, Battaglia F, Aguglia E. Flourishing or Languishing? Predictors of Positive Mental Health in Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15814. [PMID: 36497895 PMCID: PMC9736882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students were burdened with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of the present study was to investigate predictors of positive mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey from September 2021 to March 2022. We applied the snowball recruitment technique involving medical students from the University of Catania, Italy. We administered, anonymously, a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Participants showed moderate anxiety, depression, and stress levels, and more than half had positive mental health status overall. This finding was inversely related to age, depression severity, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments. Our results showed that medical students with depressive and cyclothymic temperaments were more at risk of worsening mental health status during the pandemic. Our findings may allow for further developments about the impact of personological characteristics on students' mental health to enable more efficient support for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Aiello
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Martinez
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Stuto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmenrita Infortuna
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Commodari
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Gambino G, Brighina F, Allegra M, Marrale M, Collura G, Gagliardo C, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Di Majo D, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G. Modulation of Human Motor Cortical Excitability and Plasticity by Opuntia Ficus Indica Fruit Consumption: Evidence from a Preliminary Study through Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224915. [PMID: 36432601 PMCID: PMC9694319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicaxanthin (IX) from Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) has been shown to exert numerous biological effects both in vitro and in vivo, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-modulatory activity in rodent models. Our goal was to investigate the eventual neuro-active role of orally assumed fruits containing high levels of IX at nutritionally-relevant amounts in healthy subjects, exploring cortical excitability and plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). To this purpose, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) in basal conditions and followed the consumption of yellow cactus pear fruits containing IX or white cactus pear fruits devoid of IX (placebo). Furthermore, resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) preliminary acquisitions were performed before and after consumption of the same number of yellow fruits. Our data revealed that the consumption of IX-containing fruits could specifically activate intracortical excitatory circuits, differently from the placebo-controlled group. Furthermore, we found that following the ingestion of IX-containing fruits, elevated network activity of glutamatergic intracortical circuits can homeostatically be restored to baseline levels following a-tDCS stimulation. No significant differences were observed through rs-fMRI acquisitions. These outcomes suggest that IX from OFI increases intracortical excitability of M1 and leads to homeostatic cortical plasticity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè”, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Collura
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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He B, Chen Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Wang F, Qu L. Food plant extracts for sleep-related skin health: Mechanisms and prospects. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Medicinal Plants Used for Anxiety, Depression, or Stress Treatment: An Update. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186021. [PMID: 36144755 PMCID: PMC9500625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, anxiety, stress, and other mental disorders, which are on the rise worldwide, are indications that pharmacological therapy can have serious adverse effects, which is why many patients prefer to use herbal products to treat these symptoms. Here, we reviewed plants and products derived from them that are commonly used for the above indications, focusing on clinical data and safety profiles. While lavender, hops, maypop, lemon balm, and valerian have consistently been shown in clinical trials to relieve mild forms of neurological disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, and stress, currently available data do not fully support the use of peppermint for anxiety disorders and depression. Recent studies support the use of saffron for depression; however, its toxicological profile raises safety concerns. St. John’s wort is effective in alleviating mild to moderate depression; however, careful use is necessary particularly due to possible interactions with other drugs. In conclusion, more studies are needed to validate the mechanism of action so that these plants can be used successfully and safely to alleviate or eliminate various mental disorders.
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A Systematic Review on the Effect of Nutraceuticals on Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunctions: From Basic Principles to Clinical Applications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3335-3350. [PMID: 35892716 PMCID: PMC9332380 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunctions are common side effects reported by patients during antidepressant treatment. When they occur, patients often discontinue psychopharmacological therapy, with a negative impact on the underlying psychiatric disease. Recently, great attention has been paid to the use of nutraceuticals in the management of psychiatric disorders, although a systematic review on their effects as a treatment option for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunctions (AISD) is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic search in the following databases: MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. We searched eligible studies among parallel or crossover randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adult populations. After this process, a total of 10 articles that evaluated the effect of six different nutraceuticals versus placebo were included: Maca Root, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), Rosa Damascena, Ginkgo Biloba, Saffron, and Yohimbine. Overall, a high dose of Maca Root and the use of SAMe or Saffron may improve AISD. Additionally, the administration of Rosa Damascena seemed to be more effective in men than in women, whereas no evidence of effects emerged for Gingko Biloba and Yohimbine. Given the mixed results still available, future RCTs should consider larger samples and confounding factors, such as depressive status and individual vulnerability.
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9
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Medicinal Herbs in the Relief of Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection A Literature Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121897. [PMID: 35741026 PMCID: PMC9220793 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection causes complications, even in people who have had a mild course of the disease. The most dangerous seem to be neurological ailments: anxiety, depression, mixed anxiety–depressive (MAD) syndromes, and irreversible dementia. These conditions can negatively affect the respiratory system, circulatory system, and heart functioning. We believe that phytotherapy can be helpful in all of these conditions. Clinical trials confirm this possibility. The work presents plant materials (Valeriana officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata, Piper methysticum, Humulus lupulus, Ballota nigra, Hypericum perforatum, Rhodiola rosea, Lavandula officinalis, Paullinia cupana, Ginkgo biloba, Murraya koenigii, Crataegus monogyna and oxyacantha, Hedera helix, Polygala senega, Pelargonium sidoides, Lichen islandicus, Plantago lanceolata) and their dominant compounds (valeranon, valtrate, apigenin, citronellal, isovitexin, isoorientin, methysticin, humulone, farnesene, acteoside, hypericin, hyperforin, biapigenin, rosavidin, salidroside, linalool acetate, linalool, caffeine, ginkgolide, bilobalide, mihanimbine, epicatechin, hederacoside C,α-hederine, presegenin, umckalin, 6,7,8-trixydroxybenzopyranone disulfate, fumaroprotocetric acid, protolichesteric acid, aucubin, acteoside) responsible for their activity. It also shows the possibility of reducing post-COVID-19 neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular complications, which can affect the functioning of the nervous system.
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Winter AS, Haverkamp C, Gratzke C, Huber R, Lederer AK. Valerian and postoperative sleep: a retrospective cohort analysis of gynecological, urologic, and general surgical patients. Sleep 2022; 45:6594703. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Postoperative sleep disturbances appear to be a common complication after surgery being treated with sleep-promoting medication such as valerian, but robust data and evidence of medicinal approaches are lacking.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all 21 168 urological, gynecological, and general surgical patients of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany, who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2020. Target parameters were the usage of sleep-promoting medication to estimate the occurrence of postoperative sleep disturbances as well as the kind of sleep medication with a special focus on herbal medication such as valerian.
Results
Drug-treated sleep disturbances occurred in 15% (n = 3083) of the patients. Valerian was the second most applied drug (n = 814, 26.4%) after classic benzodiazepines (n = 1 138, 36.9%). The majority of patients got valerian as monotherapy. Age, length of stay, and comorbidities were associated with demand for sleep medication in general (p < .001). Valerian monotherapy was more common in women (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.33–1.77, p < .001), elderly patients (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.29–1.75, p < .001), and patients with prolonged hospital stay (OR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.91–2.61, p < .001).
Conclusions
Valerian plays an important role in the treatment of postoperative sleep disturbances clinically, and it appears to be a promising therapeutic approach especially in women, older and sicker patients, and those with prolonged hospital stay. Further research has to clarify the efficacy of valerian postoperatively.
Clinical trial registration
DRKS00027903, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00027903
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Winter
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christian Haverkamp
- Institute of Digitalization in Medicine, University Medical Center , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center , Freiburg , Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz, Germany
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11
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Ríos JL, Schinella GR, Moragrega I. Phenolics as GABA A Receptor Ligands: An Updated Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061770. [PMID: 35335130 PMCID: PMC8953830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products can act as potential GABA modulators, avoiding the undesirable effects of traditional pharmacology used for the inhibition of the central nervous system such as benzodiazepines (BZD). Phenolics, especially flavonoids and phlorotannins, have been considered as modulators of the BZD-site of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), with sedative, anxiolytic or anticonvulsant effects. However, the wide chemical structural variability of flavonoids shows their potential action at more than one additional binding site on GABAARs, which may act either negatively, positively, by neutralizing GABAARs, or directly as allosteric agonists. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to compile and discuss an update of the role of phenolics, namely as pharmacological targets involving dysfunctions of the GABA system, analyzing both their different compounds and their mechanism as GABAergic modulators. We focus this review on articles written in English since the year 2010 until the present. Of course, although more research would be necessary to fully establish the type specificity of phenolics and their pharmacological activity, the evidence supports their potential as GABAAR modulators, thereby favoring their inclusion in the development of new therapeutic targets based on natural products. Specifically, the data compiled in this review allows for the directing of future research towards ortho-dihydroxy diterpene galdosol, the flavonoids isoliquiritigenin (chalcone), rhusflavone and agathisflavone (biflavonoids), as well as the phlorotannins, dieckol and triphlorethol A. Clinically, flavonoids are the most interesting phenolics due to their potential as anticonvulsant and anxiolytic drugs, and phlorotannins are also of interest as sedative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Guillermo R. Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata BA1900, Argentina;
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UNAJ-CICPBA, Florencio Varela BA1888, Argentina
| | - Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Concerto C, Rodolico A, Ciancio A, Messina C, Natale A, Mineo L, Battaglia F, Aguglia E. Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:199. [PMID: 35010459 PMCID: PMC8750302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) risk and disease activity. There is some controversy as to whether vitamin D could have an impact on depressive symptoms in people with MS (pwMS). The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and depressive symptoms in pwMS. METHODS We searched databases to include studies published up to March 2021 to provide an overview of the available evidence on the correlation between vitamin D status and depressive symptoms in pwMS. The eligibility criteria were as follows: studies evaluating the use of vitamin D measurement on depressive symptoms in patients suffering from MS, including randomized and non-randomized studies; studies written in English; and studies exploring an adult population over the age of 18. RESULTS Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria: two of them were abstracts only; the majority were cross-sectional studies; two were prospective longitudinal studies; one was a retrospective cohort study; and one was a randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT). Of the eleven studies selected, seven showed a potential correlation between low vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Future RCT studies should include patients with greater severity of depressive symptoms and should consider confounding factors such as sun exposure and seasonal variation of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessia Ciancio
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Christian Messina
- MS Center, Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antimo Natale
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Ludovico Mineo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.M.); (E.A.)
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Carvalho DP, Peters VM, Dias AF, Dutra SCPL, Guerra MO. Valerian treatment during the postpartum period alters breast milk composition and impairs long-term memory in female rat offspring. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10192. [PMID: 34586325 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal anxiety symptoms in the perinatal period might have long-term health effects on both the mother and the developing child. Valerian is a phytotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of anxiety. This study investigated the effects of valerian treatment in postpartum rats on maternal care, toxicity, and milk composition. Postnatal development, memory, and anxiety behavior in the offspring were also assessed. Postpartum Wistar rats received the valerian (500, 1000, or 2000 mg·kg-1·day-1) by oral gavage. Clinical and biochemical toxicity was evaluated with commercial kits. Maternal behavior was observed daily. Milk composition was analyzed by colorimetric methods. Physical and neuromotor tests were used to analyze postnatal development. Anxiolytic activity was assessed by the elevated plus maze, and memory was evaluated by the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. Maternal toxicity and care behavior were not altered by the treatment, while only the highest dose promoted a significant increase of lactose, and the doses 1000 and 2000 mg·kg-1·day-1 promoted a reduction of protein contents in milk. Postnatal development was similar in all offspring. Adult offspring did not display altered anxiety behavior, while long-term memory was impaired in the female adult offspring by maternal treatment with 1000 mg·kg-1·day-1. These results suggested that high doses of valerian had significant effects on important maternal milk components and can cause long-term alterations of offspring memory; thus, treatment with high doses of valerian is not safe for breastfeeding Wistar rat mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Carvalho
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - V M Peters
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - A F Dias
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - S C P L Dutra
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - M O Guerra
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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Shinjyo N, Waddell G, Green J. Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 25:2515690X20967323. [PMID: 33086877 PMCID: PMC7585905 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20967323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are widely prevalent and associated with various comorbidities including anxiety. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a popular herbal medicine used as a sleep aid, however the outcomes of previous clinical studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to update and re-evaluate the available data in order to understand the reason behind the inconsistent outcomes and to provide a broader view of the use of valerian for associated disorders. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve publications relevant to the effectiveness of valerian as a treatment of sleep problems and associated disorders. A total of 60 studies (n=6,894) were included in this review, and meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness to improve subjective sleep quality (10 studies, n=1,065) and to reduce anxiety (8 studies, n=535). Results suggested that inconsistent outcomes were possibly due to the variable quality of herbal extracts and that more reliable effects could be expected from the whole root/rhizome. In addition, therapeutic benefits could be optimized when it was combined with appropriate herbal partners. There were no severe adverse events associated with valerian intake in subjects aged between 7 and 80 years. In conclusion, valerian could be a safe and effective herb to promote sleep and prevent associated disorders. However, due to the presence of multiple active constituents and relatively unstable nature of some of the active constituents, it may be necessary to revise the quality control processes, including standardization methods and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Department of Infection and Host Defence, Graduate School of Medicine, 12737Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Julia Green
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, 4921University of Westminster, London, UK
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Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050846. [PMID: 33922184 PMCID: PMC8144999 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.
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16
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Shinjyo N, Nakayama H, Li L, Ishimaru K, Hikosaka K, Suzuki N, Yoshida H, Norose K. Hypericum perforatum extract and hyperforin inhibit the growth of neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii and infection-induced inflammatory responses of glial cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113525. [PMID: 33129946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L. has been widely used as a natural antidepressant. However, it is unknown whether it is effective in treating infection-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to evaluate the effectiveness of H. perforatum against infection with neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, this study investigated the anti-Toxoplasma activity using in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried alcoholic extracts were prepared from three Hypericum species: H. perforatum, H. erectum, and H. ascyron. H. perforatum extract was further separated by solvent-partitioning. Hyperforin and hypericin levels in the extracts and fractions were analyzed by high resolution LC-MS. Anti-Toxoplasma activities were tested in vitro, using cell lines (Vero and Raw264), murine primary mixed glia, and primary neuron-glia. Toxoplasma proliferation and stage conversion were analyzed by qPCR. Infection-induced damages to the host cells were analyzed by Sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assay (Vero) and immunofluorescent microscopy (neurons). Infection-induced inflammatory responses in glial cells were analysed by qPCR and immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Hyperforin was identified only in H. perforatum among the three tested species, whereas hypericin was present in H. perforatum and H. erectum. H. perforatum extract and hyperforin-enriched fraction, as well as hyperforin, exhibited significant anti-Toxoplasma property as well as inhibitory activity against infection-induced inflammatory responses in glial cells. In addition, H. perforatum-derived hyperforin-enriched fraction restored neuro-supportive environment in mixed neuron-glia culture. CONCLUSIONS H. perforatum and its major constituent hyperforin are promising anti-Toxoplasma agents that could potentially protect neurons and glial cells against infection-induced damages. Further study is warranted to establish in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Nakayama
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga, 849-0925, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Hikosaka
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumi Norose
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Bruni O, Ferini-Strambi L, Giacomoni E, Pellegrino P. Herbal Remedies and Their Possible Effect on the GABAergic System and Sleep. Nutrients 2021; 13:530. [PMID: 33561990 PMCID: PMC7914492 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of physical and emotional well-being, and lack, or disruption, of sleep due to insomnia is a highly prevalent problem. The interest in complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia has increased recently. Centuries-old herbal treatments, popular for their safety and effectiveness, include valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, lavender, and Californian poppy. These herbal medicines have been shown to reduce sleep latency and increase subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Research into their molecular components revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in controlling different vigilance states. GABA receptors are the targets of many pharmacological treatments for insomnia, such as benzodiazepines. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of studies assessing the mechanisms of action of various herbal medicines on different subtypes of GABA receptors in the context of sleep control. Currently available evidence suggests that herbal extracts may exert some of their hypnotic and anxiolytic activity through interacting with GABA receptors and modulating GABAergic signaling in the brain, but their mechanism of action in the treatment of insomnia is not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Raffaele Turro, 20127 Milan, Italy;
- Sleep Disorders Center, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Giacomoni
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanofi Consumer HealthCare, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanofi Consumer HealthCare, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
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Lissemore JI, Mulsant BH, Rajji TK, Karp JF, Reynolds CF, Lenze EJ, Downar J, Chen R, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Cortical inhibition, facilitation and plasticity in late-life depression: effects of venlafaxine pharmacotherapy. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E88-E96. [PMID: 33119493 PMCID: PMC7955845 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression is often associated with non-response or relapse following conventional antidepressant treatment. The pathophysiology of late-life depression likely involves a complex interplay between aging and depression, and may include abnormalities in cortical inhibition and plasticity. However, the extent to which these cortical processes are modifiable by antidepressant pharmacotherapy is unknown. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with late-life depression received 12 weeks of treatment with open-label venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (≤ 300 mg/d). We combined transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left motor cortex with electromyography recordings from the right hand to measure cortical inhibition using contralateral cortical silent period and paired-pulse short-interval intracortical inhibition paradigms; cortical facilitation using a paired-pulse intracortical facilitation paradigm; and short-term cortical plasticity using a paired associative stimulation paradigm. All measures were collected at baseline, 1 week into treatment (n = 23) and after approximately 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Venlafaxine did not significantly alter cortical inhibition, facilitation or plasticity after 1 or 12 weeks of treatment. Improvements in depressive symptoms during treatment were not associated with changes in cortical physiology. LIMITATIONS The results presented here are specific to the motor cortex. Future work should investigate whether these findings extend to cortical areas more closely associated with depression, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that antidepressant treatment with venlafaxine does not exert meaningful changes in motor cortical inhibition or plasticity in late-life depression. The absence of changes in motor cortical physiology, alongside improvements in depressive symptoms, suggests that age-related changes may play a role in previously identified abnormalities in motor cortical processes in latelife depression, and that venlafaxine treatment does not target these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I Lissemore
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Jordan F Karp
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Eric J Lenze
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Jonathan Downar
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Robert Chen
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
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19
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Koop T, Dienel A, Heldmann M, Münte TF. Effects of a
Rhodiola rosea
extract on mental resource allocation and attention: An event‐related potential dual task study. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3287-3297. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Koop
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | | | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Thomas F. Münte
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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20
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Bottoni M, Milani F, Colombo L, Nallio K, Colombo PS, Giuliani C, Bruschi P, Fico G. Using Medicinal Plants in Valmalenco (Italian Alps): From Tradition to Scientific Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184144. [PMID: 32927742 PMCID: PMC7570945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Caspoggio (Valmalenco, SO, Italy) with the purpose of investigating the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Moreover, a bibliographic research meant to validate or refute the uses, focusing on the potentially responsible compounds, was performed. Fifty-nine species, attributable to 30 families (Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Malvaceae, and Lamiaceae the most cited), were mentioned. Arnica montana, anti-inflammatory for traumas and musculoskeletal pains; Pinus mugo, expectorant; Malva sylvestris, anti-inflammatory and soothing; Achillea moschata, digestive. The compounds, responsible for the therapeutic activities, are often polyphenols and terpenoids: helenanin in A. montana, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene in P. mugo, gossypin and malvin in M. sylvestris, luteolin and apigenin in A. moschata. Scientific evidence for at least one of the traditional activities described was found for 50 species but only in 26 out of 196 works consulted, it is possible to make a comparison between investigated extracts and traditional preparations. This study is thus a stimulus to new phytochemical investigations, mimicking as much as possible the traditional preparations. This work is part of the European Interreg Italy-Switzerland B-ICE project, aimed at creating a management model for the ongoing climate change and searching for new sources of territory valorization as attractions for tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Kevin Nallio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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21
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Amaral de Brito AP, Galvão de Melo IMDS, El-Bachá RS, Guedes RCA. Valeriana officinalis Counteracts Rotenone Effects on Spreading Depression in the Rat Brain in vivo and Protects Against Rotenone Cytotoxicity Toward Rat Glioma C6 Cells in vitro. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:759. [PMID: 32792901 PMCID: PMC7390944 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes can protect neurons against oxidative stress and excitability-dependent disorders, such as epilepsy. Valeriana officinalis has been used as anticonvulsant and can exert an antioxidant effect, which may underlie its opposing action against the toxic effects of the pesticide rotenone. We investigated the V. officinalis/rotenone interaction in the cortical spreading depression (CSD), a phenomenon that depends upon brain excitability (in vivo model). In addition, we analyzed the protective action of V. officinalis against the cytotoxic effects of rotenone in cultures of rat C6 glioma cells (in vitro model). For the CSD study, Wistar rats received either V. officinalis (250 mg/kg/day via gavage for 15 days; n = 8) or 10 mg/kg/day rotenone via subcutaneous injections for 7 days (n = 7), or they received both substances (n = 5). Two control groups received either saline (vehicle for V. officinalis; n = 8) or 1% Tween-80 aqueous solution (vehicle for rotenone; n = 9). After treatment, CSD was recorded for 4 h. The rotenone- and V. officinalis-treated groups presented, respectively, with lower (2.96 ± 0.14 mm/min), and higher CSD propagation velocity (3.81 ± 0.10 mm/min) when compared with the controls (Tween-80, 3.37 ± 0.06 mm/min and saline, 3.35 ± 0.08 mm/min; p < 0.05). The rotenone plus V. officinalis-treated group displayed a CSD velocity (3.38 ± 0.07 mm/min) that was similar to controls. In line with these results, in vitro experiments on rat glioma C6 cells revealed a protective effect (MTT assay) of V. officinalis against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of V. officinalis for treating neurological diseases involving redox imbalance and astrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon Santos El-Bachá
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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22
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Esposito D, Belli A, Ferri R, Bruni O. Sleeping without Prescription: Management of Sleep Disorders in Children with Autism with Non-Pharmacological Interventions and Over-the-Counter Treatments. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070441. [PMID: 32664572 PMCID: PMC7407189 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by abnormal social interaction, communication, and behavior. Sleep disturbances represent a common comorbidity in children and adolescents with ASD, with prevalence ranging from 50 to 80%. It has been proved that sleep disruption worsens the symptoms of autism and results in challenging behaviors. Improving sleep should therefore be a primary therapeutic goal. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications to pharmacological therapy. Several reviews have been written on pharmacological treatments, but very few on the beneficial effects of non-pharmacological interventions, over-the-counter drugs, and nutritional supplements. This study consists of a narrative review of the literature, presenting the available evidence on the following treatments: sleep education, behavioral interventions, complementary and alternative medicine (special mattresses and blankets, massage, aromatherapy, yoga, physical activity), and commonly used over-the-counter medications and supplements (antihistamines, melatonin, tryptophan, carnosine, iron, vitamins, and herbal remedies). For some treatments—such as melatonin and behavioral interventions—effectiveness in ASD is well established in the literature, while other interventions appear of benefit in clinical practice, even if specific studies in children and adolescents with ASD are lacking. Conversely, other treatments only seem to show anecdotal evidence supporting their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Esposito
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Belli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute–IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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23
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Plant Extracts for Sleep Disturbances: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3792390. [PMID: 32382286 PMCID: PMC7191368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3792390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Sleep complaints are common health issues in the general population. These conditions are associated with poorer physical and psychological activity, and they may have important social, economic, and personal consequences. In the last years, several food supplements with different plant extracts have been developed and are currently taken for improving sleep. Study Objectives. The aim of this study is to systematically review recent literature on oral plant extracts acting on sleep disorders distinguishing their action on the different symptoms of sleep complaints: difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, waking up too early, and quality of sleep. Methods We searched the PubMed database up to 05/03/2020 based on data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, noncontrolled trials, and cohort studies conducted in children and adult subjects. The search words used contained the following terms: oral food supplement and sleep disorders and the like. The most studied compounds were further analyzed with a second search using the following terms: name of the compound and sleep disorders. We selected 7 emerging compounds and 38 relevant reports. Results Although nutraceutical natural products have been used for sleep empirically, there is a scarcity of evidence on the efficacy of each product in clinical studies. Valerian and lavender were the most frequently studied plant extracts, and their use has been associated (with conflicting results) with anxiolytic effects and improvements in quality and duration of sleep. Conclusions Sleep aids based on plant extracts are generally safe and well tolerated by the population. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of food supplements containing plant extracts in sleep complaints; in particular, it would be interesting to evaluate the association between plant extracts and sleep hygiene guidelines and to identify the optimal products to be used in a specific symptom of sleep complaint, giving more appropriate tools to the medical doctor.
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24
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De Franciscis P, Colacurci N, Riemma G, Conte A, Pittana E, Guida M, Schiattarella A. A Nutraceutical Approach to Menopausal Complaints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090544. [PMID: 31466381 PMCID: PMC6780855 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition, or perimenopause, is characterized by menstrual irregularities, vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbances, mood symptoms, and urogenital tract atrophy. These changes can also affect the quality of life and one’s self-esteem. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered the best option to achieve therapeutic relief of different menopausal symptoms but is usually restricted to moderate or severe symptoms. Moreover, many women refuse HRT for a variety of reasons concerning the fear of cancer and other adverse effects. According to these considerations, new topics are emerging: Dissatisfaction with drug costs and conventional healthcare, desire for personalized medicines, and the public perception that “natural is good”. In this context, nonhormonal therapies are mostly evolving, and it is not unusual that women often request a “natural” approach for their symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate nonhormonal therapies that have been identified to reduce the menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Colacurci
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conte
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Pittana
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
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25
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Clément Chami M, Bouju E, Lequemener C, de Vaumas R, Hadji-Minaglou F, Fernandez X, Michel T. Purification of two valepotriates from Centranthus ruber by centrifugal partition chromatography: From analytical to preparative scale. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1580:126-133. [PMID: 30401539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Considering chemical complexity of plant crude extracts, purification of natural products is a rate limiting process to identify new compounds as well as to obtain standard references for quantitative or qualitative purposes. In the present work, a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method was developed to isolate and produce high quality reference standards of valtrate and 7-homovaltrate from Centranthus ruber L. roots. These two compounds are controversial aglycon iridioids regulated by the legislation on plant-based dietary supplements. A new biphasic solvent system suitable for CPC separation of valepotriates was developed. It was composed of methanol/hexane/water (5/5/0.8, v/v/v). It yielded a partition coefficient near 1 and a theoretical selectivity of 1.3 between both targeted compounds. Optimization of CPC experimental parameters at the analytical scale (50 mL- and 100 mL-column capacity) enabled compounds' separation with a flow rate of 8 mL/min at 2500 rpm. Then a scale up from a 100 mL-column capacity to a 1000 mL-column capacity has been studied using the "free-space between peaks" concept. It allowed an injected quantity 16 times higher in comparison to the maximal loading capacity of the 100 mL-column. Both valtrate and 7-homovaltrate were recovered in one single step with a purity over 97%. Further MS and NMR characterization allowed to confirm unambiguously the compounds' structures. The highly efficient CPC separation developed in this work provides valepotriates in amounts suitable for further study and strong bases for future industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Clément Chami
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Nice, France; BotaniCert, 4 traverse Dupont, 06130 Grasse, France
| | - Elodie Bouju
- Extrasynthèse, rue Jacquard, 69730 Genay, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Nice, France.
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Nice, France.
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