1
|
Sadasivan J, Hyrina A, DaSilva R, Jan E. An Insect Viral Protein Disrupts Stress Granule Formation in Mammalian Cells. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168042. [PMID: 36898623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytosolic RNA-protein aggregates assembled during stress-induced translation arrest. Virus infection, in general, modulates and blocks SG formation. We previously showed that the model dicistrovirus Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) 1A protein blocks stress granule formation in insect cells, which is dependent on a specific arginine 146 residue. CrPV-1A also inhibits SG formation in mammalian cells suggesting that this insect viral protein may be acting on a fundamental process that regulates SG formation. The mechanism underlying this process is not fully understood. Here, we show that overexpression of wild-type CrPV-1A, but not the CrPV-1A(R146A) mutant protein, inhibits distinct SG assembly pathways in HeLa cells. CrPV-1A mediated SG inhibition is independent of the Argonaute-2 (Ago-2) binding domain and the E3 ubiquitin ligase recruitment domain. CrPV-1A expression leads to nuclear poly(A)+ RNA accumulation and is correlated with the localization of CrPV-1A to the nuclear periphery. Finally, we show that the overexpression of CrPV-1A blocks FUS and TDP-43 granules, which are pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. We propose a model whereby CrPV-1A expression in mammalian cells blocks SG formation by depleting cytoplasmic mRNA scaffolds via mRNA export inhibition. CrPV-1A provides a new molecular tool to study RNA-protein aggregates and potentially uncouple SG functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Sadasivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. https://twitter.com/@jibin_sadasivan
| | - Anastasia Hyrina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel DaSilva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morello G, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, La Bella V, Conforti FL, Cavallaro S. A Diagnostic Gene-Expression Signature in Fibroblasts of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1884. [PMID: 37508548 PMCID: PMC10378077 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Diagnosis can be difficult due to the heterogeneity and non-specific nature of the initial symptoms, resulting in delays that compromise prompt access to effective therapeutic strategies. Transcriptome profiling of patient-derived peripheral cells represents a valuable benchmark in overcoming such challenges, providing the opportunity to identify molecular diagnostic signatures. In this study, we characterized transcriptome changes in skin fibroblasts of sporadic ALS patients (sALS) and controls and evaluated their utility as a molecular classifier for ALS diagnosis. Our analysis identified 277 differentially expressed transcripts predominantly involved in transcriptional regulation, synaptic transmission, and the inflammatory response. A support vector machine classifier based on this 277-gene signature was developed to discriminate patients with sALS from controls, showing significant predictive power in both the discovery dataset and in six independent publicly available gene expression datasets obtained from different sALS tissue/cell samples. Taken together, our findings support the utility of transcriptional signatures in peripheral cells as valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Neurochemistry Laboratory, BiND, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delle Vedove A, Natarajan J, Zanni G, Eckenweiler M, Muiños-Bühl A, Storbeck M, Guillén Boixet J, Barresi S, Pizzi S, Hölker I, Körber F, Franzmann TM, Bertini ES, Kirschner J, Alberti S, Tartaglia M, Wirth B. CAPRIN1 P512L causes aberrant protein aggregation and associates with early-onset ataxia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:526. [PMID: 36136249 PMCID: PMC9499908 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CAPRIN1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein, abundant in the brain, where it regulates the transport and translation of mRNAs of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Here we describe two unrelated children, who developed early-onset ataxia, dysarthria, cognitive decline and muscle weakness. Trio exome sequencing unraveled the identical de novo c.1535C > T (p.Pro512Leu) missense variant in CAPRIN1, affecting a highly conserved residue. In silico analyses predict an increased aggregation propensity of the mutated protein. Indeed, overexpressed CAPRIN1P512L forms insoluble ubiquitinated aggregates, sequestrating proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ATXN2, GEMIN5, SNRNP200 and SNCA). Moreover, the CAPRIN1P512L mutation in isogenic iPSC-derived cortical neurons causes reduced neuronal activity and altered stress granule dynamics. Furthermore, nano-differential scanning fluorimetry reveals that CAPRIN1P512L aggregation is strongly enhanced by RNA in vitro. These findings associate the gain-of-function Pro512Leu mutation to early-onset ataxia and neurodegeneration, unveiling a critical residue of CAPRIN1 and a key role of RNA–protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Delle Vedove
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janani Natarajan
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anixa Muiños-Bühl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Storbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jordina Guillén Boixet
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irmgard Hölker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friederike Körber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Titus M Franzmann
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrico S Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velasco BR, Izquierdo JM. T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1-Like Protein in Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147836. [PMID: 35887183 PMCID: PMC9318959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)-related/like (TIAR/TIAL1) protein is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in regulating many aspects of gene expression, independently or in combination with its paralog TIA1. TIAR was first described in 1992 by Paul Anderson’s lab in relation to the development of a cell death phenotype in immune system cells, as it possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells. Similar to TIA1, it is characterized by a subcellular nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and ubiquitous expression in the cells of different tissues of higher organisms. In this paper, we review the relevant structural and functional information available about TIAR from a triple perspective (molecular, cellular and pathophysiological), paying special attention to its expression and regulation in cellular events and processes linked to human pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerk SY, Bai Y, Smith J, Lalgudi P, Hunt C, Kuno J, Nuara J, Yang T, Lanza K, Chan N, Coppola A, Tang Q, Espert J, Jones H, Fannell C, Zambrowicz B, Chiao E. Homozygous ALS-linked FUS P525L mutations cell- autonomously perturb transcriptome profile and chemoreceptor signaling in human iPSC microglia. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:678-692. [PMID: 35120624 PMCID: PMC9039753 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease pathologically typified by motor and cortical neurodegeneration as well as microgliosis. The FUS P525L mutation is highly penetrant and causes ALS cases with earlier disease onset and more aggressive progression. To date, how P525L mutations may affect microglia during ALS pathogenesis had not been explored. In this study, we engineered isogenic control and P525L mutant FUS in independent human iPSC lines and differentiated them into microglia-like cells. We report that the P525L mutation causes FUS protein to mislocalize from the nucleus to cytoplasm. Homozygous P525L mutations perturb the transcriptome profile in which many differentially expressed genes are associated with microglial functions. Specifically, the dysregulation of several chemoreceptor genes leads to altered chemoreceptor-activated calcium signaling. However, other microglial functions such as phagocytosis and cytokine release are not significantly affected. Our study underscores the cell-autonomous effects of the ALS-linked FUS P525L mutation in a human microglia model. FUS P525L mutation causes FUS protein mislocalization in human microglia-like cells Homozygous P525L mutations perturb transcriptome profile of microglia-like cells Dysregulated chemoreceptor genes lead to altered chemoreceptor calcium signaling Effects of homozygous P525L occur cell-autonomously in this human microglia model
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yen Kerk
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Janell Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Junko Kuno
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John Nuara
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Newton Chan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Qian Tang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Chiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Notaro A, Messina A, La Bella V. A Deletion of the Nuclear Localization Signal Domain in the Fus Protein Induces Stable Post-stress Cytoplasmic Inclusions in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:759659. [PMID: 35002600 PMCID: PMC8733393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.759659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS) gene involving the nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain lead to juvenile-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The mutant protein mislocalizes to the cytoplasm, incorporating it into Stress Granules (SG). Whether SGs are the first step to the formation of stable FUS-containing aggregates is still unclear. In this work, we used acute and chronic stress paradigms to study the SG dynamics in a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line carrying a deletion of the NLS domain of the FUS protein (homozygous: ΔNLS–/–; heterozygous: ΔNLS+/–). Wild-type (WT) cells served as controls. We evaluated the subcellular localization of the mutant protein through immunoblot and immunofluorescence, in basal conditions and after acute stress and chronic stress with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Cells were monitored for up to 24 h after rescue. FUS was expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in the ΔNLS+/– cells, whereas it was primarily cytoplasmic in the ΔNLS–/–. Acute NaAsO2 exposure induced SGs: at rescue,>90% of ΔNLS cells showed abundant FUS-containing if compared to less than 5% of the WT cells. The proportion of FUS-positive SGs remained 15–20% at 24 h in mutant cells. Cycloheximide did not abolish the long-lasting SGs in mutant cells. Chronic exposure to NaAsO2 did not induce significant SGs formation. A wealth of research has demonstrated that ALS-associated FUS mutations at the C-terminus facilitate the incorporation of the mutant protein into SGs. We have shown here that mutant FUS-containing SGs tend to fail to dissolve after stress, facilitating a liquid-to-solid phase transition. The FUS-containing inclusions seen in the dying motor neurons might therefore directly derive from SGs. This might represent an attractive target for future innovative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Notaro
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Messina
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Asadi MR, Sadat Moslehian M, Sabaie H, Jalaiei A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650740. [PMID: 34248597 PMCID: PMC8261063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins called stress granules (SGs) are considered as one of the main cellular solutions against stress. Their temporary presence ends with stress relief. Any factor such as chronic stress or mutations in the structure of the components of SGs that lead to their permanent presence can affect their interactions with pathological aggregations and increase the degenerative effects. SGs involved in RNA mechanisms are important factors in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Although many studies have been performed in the field of SGs and neurodegenerative disorders, so far, no systematic studies have been executed in this field. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive perspective of all studies about the role of SGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on the protein ingredients of these granules. This scoping review is based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted until December 2020. Publications were screened independently by two reviewers and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Bioinformatics analysis was used to plot the network and predict interprotein interactions. In addition, GO analysis was performed. A total of 48 articles were identified that comply the inclusion criteria. Most studies on neurodegenerative diseases have been conducted on ALS, AD, and FTD using human post mortem tissues. Human derived cell line studies have been used only in ALS. A total 29 genes of protein components of SGs have been studied, the most important of which are TDP-43, TIA-1, PABP-1. Bioinformatics studies have predicted 15 proteins to interact with the protein components of SGs, which may be the constituents of SGs. Understanding the interactions between SGs and pathological aggregations in neurodegenerative diseases can provide new targets for treatment of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Jalaiei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harley J, Clarke BE, Patani R. The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040552. [PMID: 33918215 PMCID: PMC8066094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Squires KE, Gerber KJ, Tillman MC, Lustberg DJ, Montañez-Miranda C, Zhao M, Ramineni S, Scharer CD, Saha RN, Shu FJ, Schroeder JP, Ortlund EA, Weinshenker D, Dudek SM, Hepler JR. Human genetic variants disrupt RGS14 nuclear shuttling and regulation of LTP in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100024. [PMID: 33410399 PMCID: PMC7949046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains vast genetic diversity as naturally occurring coding variants, yet the impact of these variants on protein function and physiology is poorly understood. RGS14 is a multifunctional signaling protein that suppresses synaptic plasticity in dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons. RGS14 also is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, suggesting that balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are essential for RGS14 functions. We identified genetic variants L505R (LR) and R507Q (RQ) located within the nuclear export sequence (NES) of human RGS14. Here we report that RGS14 encoding LR or RQ profoundly impacts protein functions in hippocampal neurons. RGS14 membrane localization is regulated by binding Gαi-GDP, whereas RGS14 nuclear export is regulated by Exportin 1 (XPO1). Remarkably, LR and RQ variants disrupt RGS14 binding to Gαi1-GDP and XPO1, nucleocytoplasmic equilibrium, and capacity to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP). Variant LR accumulates irreversibly in the nucleus, preventing RGS14 binding to Gαi1, localization to dendritic spines, and inhibitory actions on LTP induction, while variant RQ exhibits a mixed phenotype. When introduced into mice by CRISPR/Cas9, RGS14-LR protein expression was detected predominantly in the nuclei of neurons within hippocampus, central amygdala, piriform cortex, and striatum, brain regions associated with learning and synaptic plasticity. Whereas mice completely lacking RGS14 exhibit enhanced spatial learning, mice carrying variant LR exhibit normal spatial learning, suggesting that RGS14 may have distinct functions in the nucleus independent from those in dendrites and spines. These findings show that naturally occurring genetic variants can profoundly alter normal protein function, impacting physiology in unexpected ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Lustberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Meilan Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - Suneela Ramineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ramendra N Saha
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced California, USA
| | - Feng-Jue Shu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Jason P Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Serena M Dudek
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Revealing the Proteome of Motor Cortex Derived Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Human Postmortem Tissues. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071709. [PMID: 32708779 PMCID: PMC7407138 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded proteins in the motor cortex and motor neurons. Although a multitude of ALS-associated mutated proteins have been identified, several have been linked to small extracellular vesicles such as exosomes involved in cell-cell communication. This study aims to determine the proteome of extracellular vesicles isolated from the motor cortex of ALS subjects and to identify novel ALS-associated deregulated proteins. Motor cortex extracellular vesicles (MCEVs) were isolated from human postmortem ALS (n = 10) and neurological control (NC, n = 5) motor cortex brain tissues and the MCEVs protein content subsequently underwent mass spectrometry analysis, allowing for a panel of ALS-associated proteins to be identified. This panel consists of 16 statistically significant differentially packaged proteins identified in the ALS MCEVs. This includes several upregulated RNA-binding proteins which were determined through pathway analysis to be associated with stress granule dynamics. The identification of these RNA-binding proteins in the ALS MCEVs suggests there may be a relationship between ALS-associated stress granules and ALS MCEV packaging, highlighting a potential role for small extracellular vesicles such as exosomes in the pathogenesis of ALS and as potential peripheral biomarkers for ALS.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsp27 chaperones FUS phase separation under the modulation of stress-induced phosphorylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:363-372. [PMID: 32231288 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein phase separation drives the assembly of membraneless organelles, but little is known about how these membraneless organelles are maintained in a metastable liquid- or gel-like phase rather than proceeding to solid aggregation. Here, we find that human small heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a canonical chaperone that localizes to stress granules (SGs), prevents FUS from undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) via weak interactions with the FUS low complexity (LC) domain. Remarkably, stress-induced phosphorylation of Hsp27 alters its activity, leading Hsp27 to partition with FUS LC to preserve the liquid phase against amyloid fibril formation. NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that Hsp27 uses distinct structural mechanisms for both functions. Our work reveals a fine-tuned regulation of Hsp27 for chaperoning FUS into either a polydispersed state or a LLPS state and suggests an essential role for Hsp27 in stabilizing the dynamic phase of stress granules.
Collapse
|
12
|
Caputo M, La Bella V, Notaro A. Differential subcellular expression of P525LFUS as a putative biomarker for ALS phenoconversion. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e410. [PMID: 32190731 PMCID: PMC7068678 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caputo
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riancho J, Castanedo-Vázquez D, Gil-Bea F, Tapia O, Arozamena J, Durán-Vían C, Sedano MJ, Berciano MT, Lopez de Munain A, Lafarga M. ALS-derived fibroblasts exhibit reduced proliferation rate, cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation and a higher susceptibility to DNA damage. J Neurol 2020; 267:1291-1299. [PMID: 31938860 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermic fibroblasts have been proposed as a potential genetic-ALS cellular model. This study aimed to explore whether dermic fibroblasts from patients with sporadic-ALS (sALS) recapitulate alterations typical of ALS motor neurons and exhibit abnormal DNA-damage response. METHODS Dermic fibroblasts were obtained from eight sALS patients and four control subjects. Cellular characterization included proliferation rate analysis, cytoarchitecture studies and confocal immunofluorescence assessment for TDP-43. Additionally, basal and irradiation-induced DNA damage was evaluated by confocal immunofluorescence and biochemical techniques. RESULTS sALS-fibroblasts showed decreased proliferation rates compared to controls. Additionally, whereas control fibroblasts exhibited the expected normal spindle-shaped morphology, ALS fibroblasts were thinner, with reduced cell size and enlarged nucleoli, with frequent cytoplasmic TDP-43aggregates. Also, baseline signs of DNA damage were evidenced more frequently in ALS-derived fibroblasts (11 versus 4% in control-fibroblasts). Assays for evaluating the irradiation-induced DNA damage demonstrated that DNA repair was defective in ALS-fibroblasts, accumulating more than double of γH2AX-positive DNA damage foci than controls. Very intriguingly, the proportion of fibroblasts particularly vulnerable to irradiation (with more than 15 DNA damage foci per nucleus) was seven times higher in ALS-derived fibroblasts than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Dermic-derived ALS fibroblasts recapitulate relevant cellular features of sALS and show a higher susceptibility to DNA damage and defective DNA repair responses. Altogether, these results support that dermic fibroblasts may represent a convenient and accessible ALS cellular model to study pathogenetic mechanisms, particularly those related to DNA damage response, as well as the eventual response to disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Barrio Ganzo s/n, 39300, Torrelavega, Spain. .,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Gil-Bea
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Area. Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jana Arozamena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Durán-Vían
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - María José Sedano
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Berciano
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Area. Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences. School of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shelkovnikova TA, An H, Skelt L, Tregoning JS, Humphreys IR, Buchman VL. Antiviral Immune Response as a Trigger of FUS Proteinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4496-4508.e4. [PMID: 31875556 PMCID: PMC6941233 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FUS gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-FUS). In ALS-FUS, FUS-positive inclusions are detected in the cytoplasm of neurons and glia, a condition known as FUS proteinopathy. Mutant FUS incorporates into stress granules (SGs) and can spontaneously form cytoplasmic RNA granules in cultured cells. However, it is unclear what can trigger the persistence of mutant FUS assemblies and lead to inclusion formation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 cell lines and patient fibroblasts, we find that the viral mimic dsRNA poly(I:C) or a SG-inducing virus causes the sustained presence of mutant FUS assemblies. These assemblies sequester the autophagy receptor optineurin and nucleocytoplasmic transport factors. Furthermore, an integral component of the antiviral immune response, type I interferon, promotes FUS protein accumulation by increasing FUS mRNA stability. Finally, mutant FUS-expressing cells are hypersensitive to dsRNA toxicity. Our data suggest that the antiviral immune response is a plausible second hit for FUS proteinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Haiyan An
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lucy Skelt
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Vladimir L Buchman
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duggan M, Torkzaban B, Ahooyi TM, Khalili K, Gordon J. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3131-3141. [PMID: 31556109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates the dysregulation of unique cytosolic compartments called stress granules (SGs) might facilitate the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates that underlie many age-related neurodegenerative pathologies (ANPs). SG dynamics are particularly susceptible to the cellular conditions that are commonly induced by aging, including the elevation in reactive oxygen species and increased concentration of aggregate-prone proteins. In turn, the persistent formation of these compartments is hypothesized to serve as a seed for subsequent protein aggregation. Notably, the protein quality control (PQC) machinery responsible for inhibiting persistent SGs (e.g., Hsc70-BAG3) can become compromised with age, suggesting that the modulation of such PQC mechanisms could reliably inhibit pathological processes of ANPs. As exemplified in the context of accelerated aging syndromes (i.e., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria), PQC enhancement is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy, indicating similar techniques might be applied to ANPs. Collectively, these recent findings advance our understanding of how the processes that might facilitate protein aggregation are particularly susceptible to aging conditions, and present investigators with an opportunity to develop novel targets for ANPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aberrant axon branching via Fos-B dysregulation in FUS-ALS motor neurons. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:362-378. [PMID: 31262712 PMCID: PMC6642224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The characteristic structure of motor neurons (MNs), particularly of the long axons, becomes damaged in the early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the molecular pathophysiology of axonal degeneration remains to be fully elucidated. Method Two sets of isogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs)-derived MNs possessing the single amino acid difference (p.H517D) in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) were constructed. By combining MN reporter lentivirus, MN specific phenotype was analyzed. Moreover, RNA profiling of isolated axons were conducted by applying the microfluidic devices that enable axon bundles to be produced for omics analysis. The relationship between the target gene, which was identified as a pathological candidate in ALS with RNA-sequencing, and the MN phenotype was confirmed by intervention with si-RNA or overexpression to hiPSCs-derived MNs and even in vivo. The commonality was further confirmed with other ALS-causative mutant hiPSCs-derived MNs and human pathology. Findings We identified aberrant increasing of axon branchings in FUS-mutant hiPSCs-derived MN axons compared with isogenic controls as a novel phenotype. We identified increased level of Fos-B mRNA, the binding target of FUS, in FUS-mutant MNs. While Fos-B reduction using si-RNA or an inhibitor ameliorated the observed aberrant axon branching, Fos-B overexpression resulted in aberrant axon branching even in vivo. The commonality of those phenotypes was further confirmed with other ALS causative mutation than FUS. Interpretation Analyzing the axonal fraction of hiPSC-derived MNs using microfluidic devices revealed that Fos-B is a key regulator of FUS-mutant axon branching. Fund Japan Agency for Medical Research and development; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital; Japan Intractable Diseases (Nanbyo) Research Foundation; the Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science; and “Inochi-no-Iro” ALS research grant.
Collapse
|
17
|
Birsa N, Bentham MP, Fratta P. Cytoplasmic functions of TDP-43 and FUS and their role in ALS. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 99:193-201. [PMID: 31132467 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) primarily located in the nucleus, and involved in numerous aspects of RNA metabolism. Both proteins can be found to be depleted from the nucleus and accumulated in cytoplasmic inclusions in two major neurodegenerative conditions, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Recent evidences suggest that, in addition to their nuclear functions, both TDP-43 and FUS are involved in multiple processes in the cytoplasm, including mRNA stability and transport, translation, the stress response, mitochondrial function and autophagy regulation. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding their functions in the cytoplasm and how these are affected in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Birsa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Matthew Peter Bentham
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nguyen DKH, Thombre R, Wang J. Autophagy as a common pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 697:34-48. [PMID: 29626651 PMCID: PMC6170747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a decline in protein quality control systems including autophagy. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron degenerative disease of complex etiology with increasing connections to other neurodegenerative conditions such as frontotemporal dementia. Among the diverse genetic causes for ALS, a striking feature is the common connection to autophagy and its associated pathways. There is a recurring theme of protein misfolding as in other neurodegenerative diseases, but importantly there is a distinct common thread among ALS genes that connects them to the cascade of autophagy. However, the roles of autophagy in ALS remain enigmatic and it is still unclear whether activation or inhibition of autophagy would be a reliable avenue to ameliorate the disease. The main evidence that links autophagy to different genetic forms of ALS is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao K H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ravi Thombre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
An H, Skelt L, Notaro A, Highley JR, Fox AH, La Bella V, Buchman VL, Shelkovnikova TA. ALS-linked FUS mutations confer loss and gain of function in the nucleus by promoting excessive formation of dysfunctional paraspeckles. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30642400 PMCID: PMC6330737 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FUS gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-FUS). Mutant FUS is known to confer cytoplasmic gain of function but its effects in the nucleus are less understood. FUS is an essential component of paraspeckles, subnuclear bodies assembled on a lncRNA NEAT1. Paraspeckles may play a protective role specifically in degenerating spinal motor neurons. However it is still unknown how endogenous levels of mutant FUS would affect NEAT1/paraspeckles. Using novel cell lines with the FUS gene modified by CRISPR/Cas9 and human patient fibroblasts, we found that endogenous levels of mutant FUS cause accumulation of NEAT1 isoforms and paraspeckles. However, despite only mild cytoplasmic mislocalisation of FUS, paraspeckle integrity is compromised in these cells, as confirmed by reduced interaction of mutant FUS with core paraspeckle proteins NONO and SFPQ and increased NEAT1 extractability. This results in NEAT1 localisation outside paraspeckles, especially prominent under conditions of paraspeckle-inducing stress. Consistently, paraspeckle-dependent microRNA production, a readout for functionality of paraspeckles, is impaired in cells expressing mutant FUS. In line with the cellular data, we observed paraspeckle hyper-assembly in spinal neurons of ALS-FUS patients. Therefore, despite largely preserving its nuclear localisation, mutant FUS leads to loss (dysfunctional paraspeckles) and gain (excess of free NEAT1) of function in the nucleus. Perturbed fine structure and functionality of paraspeckles accompanied by accumulation of non-paraspeckle NEAT1 may contribute to the disease severity in ALS-FUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan An
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
| | - Lucy Skelt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J. Robin Highley
- The Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Archa H. Fox
- School of Human Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Australia
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vladimir L. Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds RAS, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation 142432
| | - Tatyana A. Shelkovnikova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds RAS, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation 142432
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Squires KE, Montañez-Miranda C, Pandya RR, Torres MP, Hepler JR. Genetic Analysis of Rare Human Variants of Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins and Their Role in Human Physiology and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:446-474. [PMID: 29871944 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate the physiologic actions of many neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signaling molecules. Human RGS proteins comprise a family of 20 canonical proteins that bind directly to G protein-coupled receptors/G protein complexes to limit the lifetime of their signaling events, which regulate all aspects of cell and organ physiology. Genetic variations account for diverse human traits and individual predispositions to disease. RGS proteins contribute to many complex polygenic human traits and pathologies such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, cancers, and many others. Recent analysis indicates that most human diseases are due to extremely rare genetic variants. In this study, we summarize physiologic roles for RGS proteins and links to human diseases/traits and report rare variants found within each human RGS protein exome sequence derived from global population studies. Each RGS sequence is analyzed using recently described bioinformatics and proteomic tools for measures of missense tolerance ratio paired with combined annotation-dependent depletion scores, and protein post-translational modification (PTM) alignment cluster analysis. We highlight selected variants within the well-studied RGS domain that likely disrupt RGS protein functions and provide comprehensive variant and PTM data for each RGS protein for future study. We propose that rare variants in functionally sensitive regions of RGS proteins confer profound change-of-function phenotypes that may contribute, in newly appreciated ways, to complex human diseases and/or traits. This information provides investigators with a valuable database to explore variation in RGS protein function, and for targeting RGS proteins as future therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Carolina Montañez-Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Rushika R Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Matthew P Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|