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Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Buneman OP, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Spedding M, Cidlowski JA, Fabbro D, Davenport AP, Striessnig J, Davies JA, Ahlers-Dannen KE, Alqinyah M, Arumugam TV, Bodle C, Dagner JB, Chakravarti B, Choudhuri SP, Druey KM, Fisher RA, Gerber KJ, Hepler JR, Hooks SB, Kantheti HS, Karaj B, Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh S, Lee JK, Luo Z, Martemyanov K, Mascarenhas LD, McNabb H, Montañez-Miranda C, Ogujiofor O, Phan H, Roman DL, Shaw V, Sjogren B, Sobey C, Spicer MM, Squires KE, Sutton L, Wendimu M, Wilkie T, Xie K, Zhang Q, Zolghadri Y. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180 Suppl 2:S1-S22. [PMID: 38123153 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16176. In addition to this overview, in which are identified 'Other protein targets' which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair A Mathie
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - O Peter Buneman
- Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | - John A Cidlowski
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Jörg Striessnig
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zili Luo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Osita Ogujiofor
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Hoa Phan
- University of Michigan, East Lansing, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Wilkie
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | | | - Yalda Zolghadri
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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2
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Alexander SP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Southan C, Buneman OP, Cidlowski JA, Christopoulos A, Davenport AP, Fabbro D, Spedding M, Striessnig J, Davies JA, Ahlers-Dannen KE, Alqinyah M, Arumugam TV, Bodle C, Dagner JB, Chakravarti B, Choudhuri SP, Druey KM, Fisher RA, Gerber KJ, Hepler JR, Hooks SB, Kantheti HS, Karaj B, Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh S, Lee JK, Luo Z, Martemyanov K, Mascarenhas LD, McNabb H, Montañez-Miranda C, Ogujiofor O, Phan H, Roman DL, Shaw V, Sjogren B, Sobey C, Spicer MM, Squires KE, Sutton L, Wendimu M, Wilkie T, Xie K, Zhang Q, Zolghadri Y. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178 Suppl 1:S1-S26. [PMID: 34529830 PMCID: PMC9513948 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15537. In addition to this overview, in which are identified ‘Other protein targets’ which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair Mathie
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - O Peter Buneman
- Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, School of InformaticsUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
| | - John A Cidlowski
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical oxPharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Striessnig
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zili Luo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hoa Phan
- University of Michigan, East Lansing, USA
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Squires KE, Gerber KJ, Tillman MC, Lustberg DJ, Montañez-Miranda C, Zhao M, Ramineni S, Scharer CD, Saha RN, Shu FJ, Schroeder JP, Ortlund EA, Weinshenker D, Dudek SM, Hepler JR. Human genetic variants disrupt RGS14 nuclear shuttling and regulation of LTP in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100024. [PMID: 33410399 PMCID: PMC7949046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains vast genetic diversity as naturally occurring coding variants, yet the impact of these variants on protein function and physiology is poorly understood. RGS14 is a multifunctional signaling protein that suppresses synaptic plasticity in dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons. RGS14 also is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, suggesting that balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are essential for RGS14 functions. We identified genetic variants L505R (LR) and R507Q (RQ) located within the nuclear export sequence (NES) of human RGS14. Here we report that RGS14 encoding LR or RQ profoundly impacts protein functions in hippocampal neurons. RGS14 membrane localization is regulated by binding Gαi-GDP, whereas RGS14 nuclear export is regulated by Exportin 1 (XPO1). Remarkably, LR and RQ variants disrupt RGS14 binding to Gαi1-GDP and XPO1, nucleocytoplasmic equilibrium, and capacity to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP). Variant LR accumulates irreversibly in the nucleus, preventing RGS14 binding to Gαi1, localization to dendritic spines, and inhibitory actions on LTP induction, while variant RQ exhibits a mixed phenotype. When introduced into mice by CRISPR/Cas9, RGS14-LR protein expression was detected predominantly in the nuclei of neurons within hippocampus, central amygdala, piriform cortex, and striatum, brain regions associated with learning and synaptic plasticity. Whereas mice completely lacking RGS14 exhibit enhanced spatial learning, mice carrying variant LR exhibit normal spatial learning, suggesting that RGS14 may have distinct functions in the nucleus independent from those in dendrites and spines. These findings show that naturally occurring genetic variants can profoundly alter normal protein function, impacting physiology in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Lustberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Meilan Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - Suneela Ramineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ramendra N Saha
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced California, USA
| | - Feng-Jue Shu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Jason P Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Serena M Dudek
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA.
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Choi SH, Barker EC, Gerber KJ, Letterio JJ, Kim BG. Loss of p27Kip1 leads to expansion of CD4+ effector memory T cells and accelerates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice with a T cell lineage restricted deletion of Smad4. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1847832. [PMID: 33329939 PMCID: PMC7722707 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1847832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a tumor suppressor whose intrinsic activity in cancer cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness, invasiveness, and impaired tumor cell differentiation. Here we explore whether p27Kip1 indirectly influences tumor progression by restricting expansion and survival of effector memory T cell (TEM) populations in a preclinical model of spontaneous colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We show mRNA and protein expression of p27Kip1 to be significantly decreased in the colons of mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the TGF-β intermediate, SMAD4 (Smad4TKO). Loss of p27Kip1 expression in T cells correlates with the onset of spontaneous CAC in Smad4TKO mice by 8 months of age. This phenotype is greatly accelerated by the introduction of a germline deletion of CDKN1b (the gene encoding p27Kip1) in Smad4TKO mice (Smad4TKO/p27Kip1-/-, DKO). DKO mice display colon carcinoma by 3 months of age and increased mortality compared to Smad4TKO. Importantly, the phenotype in DKO mice is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of effector CD4 T cells expressing abundant IFN-γ and with a concomitant decrease in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, both in the intestinal mucosa and in the periphery. In addition, induction of inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, TNF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS) and activation of Stat1, Stat3, and IκB is also observed in the colon as early as 1–2 months of age. Our data suggest that genomic alterations known to influence p27Kip1 abundance in gastrointestinal cancers may indirectly promote epithelial malignancy by augmenting the production of inflammatory mediators from a spontaneously expanding pool of TEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily C Barker
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Gerber KJ, Squires KE, Hepler JR. Correction: 14-3-3γ binds regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) at distinct sites to inhibit the RGS14:Gαi-AlF4− signaling complex and RGS14 nuclear localization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12262. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac119.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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6
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Gerber KJ, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Deng Q, Dudek SM, Seyfried NT, Hepler JR. Specific Proteomes of Hippocampal Regions CA2 and CA1 Reveal Proteins Linked to the Unique Physiology of Area CA2. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2571-2584. [PMID: 31059263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is well established as an essential brain center for learning and memory. Within the hippocampus, recent studies show that area CA2 is important for social memory and is an anomaly compared to its better-understood neighboring region, CA1. Unlike CA1, CA2 displays a lack of typical synaptic plasticity, enhanced calcium buffering and extrusion, and resilience to cell death following injury. Although recent studies have identified multiple molecular markers of area CA2, the proteins that mediate the unique physiology, signaling, and resilience of this region are unknown. Using a transgenic GFP-reporter mouse line that expresses eGFP in CA2, we were able to perform targeted dissections of area CA2 and CA1 for proteomic analysis. We identified over 100 proteins with robustly enriched expression in area CA2 compared to CA1. Many of these proteins, including RGS14 and NECAB2, have already been shown to be enriched in CA2 and important for its function, while many more merit further study in the context of enhanced expression in this enigmatic brain region. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the entire data set (>2300 proteins) using a weighted protein co-expression network analysis. This identified eight distinct co-expressed patterns of protein co-enrichment associated with increased expression in area CA2 tissue (compared to CA1). The novel data set we present here reveals a specific CA2 hippocampal proteome, laying the groundwork for future studies and a deeper understanding of area CA2 and the proteins mediating its unique physiology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Rollins Research Center , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Serena M Dudek
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Department of Neurology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Rollins Research Center , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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7
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Montanez‐Miranda C, Evans PR, Gerber KJ, Seyfried NT, Hepler JR. Characterizing a Novel RGS14:MyosinV/VI Interaction in Brain. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.669.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Gerber KJ, Squires KE, Hepler JR. 14-3-3γ binds regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) at distinct sites to inhibit the RGS14:Gα i-AlF 4- signaling complex and RGS14 nuclear localization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14616-14631. [PMID: 30093406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional brain scaffolding protein that integrates G protein and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. It is also a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. RGS14 binds active Gαi/o via its RGS domain, Raf and active H-Ras-GTP via its R1 Ras-binding domain (RBD), and inactive Gαi1/3 via its G protein regulatory (GPR) domain. RGS14 suppresses long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA2 region of the hippocampus, thereby regulating hippocampally based learning and memory. The 14-3-3 family of proteins is necessary for hippocampal LTP and associative learning and memory. Here, we show direct interaction between RGS14 and 14-3-3γ at two distinct sties, one phosphorylation-independent and the other phosphorylation-dependent at Ser-218 that is markedly potentiated by signaling downstream of active H-Ras. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we show that the pSer-218-dependent RGS14/14-3-3γ interaction inhibits active Gαi1-AlF4- binding to the RGS domain of RGS14 but has no effect on active H-Ras and inactive Gαi1-GDP binding to RGS14. By contrast, the phosphorylation-independent binding of 14-3-3 has no effect on RGS14/Gαi interactions but, instead, inhibits (directly or indirectly) RGS14 nuclear import and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Together, our findings describe a novel mechanism of negative regulation of RGS14 functions, specifically interactions with active Gαi and nuclear import, while leaving the function of other RGS14 domains intact. Ongoing studies will further elucidate the physiological function of this interaction between RGS14 and 14-3-3γ, providing insight into the functions of both RGS14 and 14-3-3 in their roles in modulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gerber
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Katherine E Squires
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - John R Hepler
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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9
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Evans PR, Gerber KJ, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Goswami D, Lustberg DJ, Zou J, Yang JJ, Dudek SM, Griffin PR, Seyfried NT, Hepler JR. Interactome Analysis Reveals Regulator of G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) is a Novel Calcium/Calmodulin (Ca 2+/CaM) and CaM Kinase II (CaMKII) Binding Partner. J Proteome Res 2018. [PMID: 29518331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) is a complex scaffolding protein that integrates G protein and MAPK signaling pathways. In the adult mouse brain, RGS14 is predominantly expressed in hippocampal CA2 neurons where it naturally inhibits synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, the signaling proteins that RGS14 natively engages to regulate plasticity are unknown. Here, we show that RGS14 exists in a high-molecular-weight protein complex in brain. To identify RGS14 neuronal interacting partners, endogenous RGS14 immunoprecipitated from mouse brain was subjected to mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis. We find that RGS14 interacts with key postsynaptic proteins that regulate plasticity. Gene ontology analysis reveals the most enriched RGS14 interactors have functional roles in actin-binding, calmodulin(CaM)-binding, and CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) activity. We validate these findings using biochemical assays that identify interactions with two previously unknown binding partners. We report that RGS14 directly interacts with Ca2+/CaM and is phosphorylated by CaMKII in vitro. Lastly, we detect that RGS14 associates with CaMKII and CaM in hippocampal CA2 neurons. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that RGS14 is a novel CaM effector and CaMKII phosphorylation substrate thereby providing new insight into mechanisms by which RGS14 controls plasticity in CA2 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Devrishi Goswami
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Daniel J Lustberg
- Neurobiology Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Serena M Dudek
- Neurobiology Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
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10
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Barfield ET, Gerber KJ, Zimmermann KS, Ressler KJ, Parsons RG, Gourley SL. Regulation of actions and habits by ventral hippocampal trkB and adolescent corticosteroid exposure. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2003000. [PMID: 29186135 PMCID: PMC5724896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and rodents, stress promotes habit-based behaviors that can interfere with action–outcome decision-making. Further, developmental stressor exposure confers long-term habit biases across rodent–primate species. Despite these homologies, mechanisms remain unclear. We first report that exposure to the primary glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in adolescent mice recapitulates multiple neurobehavioral consequences of stressor exposure, including long-lasting biases towards habit-based responding in a food-reinforced operant conditioning task. In both adolescents and adults, CORT also caused a shift in the balance between full-length tyrosine kinase receptor B (trkB) and a truncated form of this neurotrophin receptor, favoring the inactive form throughout multiple corticolimbic brain regions. In adolescents, phosphorylation of the trkB substrate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 42/44 (ERK42/44) in the ventral hippocampus was also diminished, a long-term effect that persisted for at least 12 wk. Administration of the trkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) during adolescence at doses that stimulated ERK42/44 corrected long-lasting corticosterone-induced behavioral abnormalities. Meanwhile, viral-mediated overexpression of truncated trkB in the ventral hippocampus reduced local ERK42/44 phosphorylation and was sufficient to induce habit-based and depression-like behaviors. Together, our findings indicate that ventral hippocampal trkB is essential to goal-directed action selection, countering habit-based behavior otherwise facilitated by developmental stress hormone exposure. They also reveal an early-life sensitive period during which trkB–ERK42/44 tone determines long-term behavioral outcomes. Stress can impair the ability of individuals to select actions based on their consequences, promoting instead the acquisition of habits—automatic behaviors that are insensitive to action–outcome relationships. Stress in adolescence can have particularly long-lasting consequences, affecting behavior and mood regulation even in adulthood. Here, we show that adolescent mice exposed to a stress hormone developed biases towards habits and amotivation (a symptom of depression) in adulthood. We investigated the role of the stress-sensitive tyrosine kinase receptor B (trkB) receptor, a protein that regulates synaptic strength and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. This receptor was modified by adolescent experience throughout multiple brain regions, but the changes were particularly long lasting in the ventral hippocampus—a brain region involved in mood regulation. Experimentally reducing the activity of the receptor recapitulated the behavioral abnormalities induced by the stress hormone. Meanwhile, pharmacological stimulation of the receptor corrected these abnormalities and had long-lasting antidepressant-like effects that persisted even after drug treatment ended. Thus, pharmacological interventions that augment trkB activity may be particularly efficacious in treating neurobehavioral deficits in adolescents exposed to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Barfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. Gerber
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelsey S. Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ryan G. Parsons
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Integrative Neuroscience and Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gerber KJ, Squires KE, Hepler JR. Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling Proteins in Synaptic Signaling and Plasticity. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:273-86. [PMID: 26655302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family of proteins serves critical roles in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and heterotrimeric G protein signal transduction. RGS proteins are best understood as negative regulators of GPCR/G protein signaling. They achieve this by acting as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for Gα subunits and accelerating the turnoff of G protein signaling. Many RGS proteins also bind additional signaling partners that either regulate their functions or enable them to regulate other important signaling events. At neuronal synapses, GPCRs, G proteins, and RGS proteins work in coordination to regulate key aspects of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity, which are necessary for central nervous system physiology and behavior. Accumulating evidence has revealed key roles for specific RGS proteins in multiple signaling pathways at neuronal synapses, regulating both pre- and postsynaptic signaling events and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review and highlight the current knowledge of specific RGS proteins (RGS2, RGS4, RGS7, RGS9-2, and RGS14) that have been clearly demonstrated to serve critical roles in modulating synaptic signaling and plasticity throughout the brain, and we consider their potential as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gerber
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katherine E Squires
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John R Hepler
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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