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Callewaert B, Gsell W, Lox M, Backes WH, Jones EAV, Himmelreich U. Intravoxel incoherent motion as a surrogate marker of perfused vascular density in rat brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5148. [PMID: 38556903 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has emerged as a valuable technique for the assessment of tissue characteristics and perfusion. However, there is limited knowledge about the relationship between IVIM-derived measures and changes at the level of the vascular network. In this study, we investigated the potential use of IVIM MRI as a noninvasive tool for measuring changes in cerebral vascular density. Variations in quantitative immunohistochemical measurements of the vascular density across different regions in the rat brain (cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus) were related to the pseudo-diffusion coefficient D* and the flowing blood fraction f in healthy Wistar rats. We assessed whether region-wise differences in the vascular density are reflected by variations in the IVIM measurements and found a significant positive relationship with the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (p < 0.05, β = 0.24). The effect of cerebrovascular alterations, such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption on the perfusion-related IVIM parameters, is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BBB disruption on the IVIM measures in a rat model of metabolic and vascular comorbidities (ZSF1 obese rat) and assessed whether this affects the relationship between the cerebral vascular density and the noninvasive IVIM measurements. We observed increased vascular permeability without detecting any differences in diffusivity, suggesting that BBB leakage is present before changes in the tissue integrity. We observed no significant difference in the relationship between cerebral vascular density and the IVIM measurements in our model of comorbidities compared with healthy normotensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Callewaert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter H Backes
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Mental Health & Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee HG, Jung IH, Park BS, Yang HR, Kim KK, Tu TH, Yeh JY, Lee S, Yang S, Lee BJ, Kim JG, Nam-Goong IS. Altered Metabolic Phenotypes and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity Triggered by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:784-95). Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:159-160. [PMID: 38317515 PMCID: PMC10850274 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Hyeon Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Lee HG, Jung IH, Park BS, Yang HR, Kim KK, Tu TH, Yeh JY, Lee S, Yang S, Lee BJ, Kim JG, Nam-Goong IS. Altered Metabolic Phenotypes and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity Triggered by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:784-795. [PMID: 37915185 PMCID: PMC10695712 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are currently used to treat patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors is accompanied by altered metabolic phenotypes. However, it has not been investigated whether the hypothalamic circuit participates in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes triggered by the treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors. METHODS Mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet and treated with dapagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Food intake and energy expenditure were observed using indirect calorimetry system. The activity of hypothalamic neurons in response to dapagliflozin treatment was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with c-Fos antibody. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of dapagliflozin-treated mice. RESULTS Dapagliflozin-treated mice displayed enhanced food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Altered neuronal activities were observed in multiple hypothalamic nuclei in association with appetite regulation. Additionally, we found elevated immunosignals of agouti-related peptide neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION This study suggests the functional involvement of the hypothalamus in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes induced by SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Hyeon Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Lu K, Chen X, Deng X, Long J, Yan J. Potential Role of Hypothalamic and Plasma Ghrelin in the Feeding Behavior of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats with Intraventricular Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Intervention. Obes Facts 2021; 14:10-20. [PMID: 33341811 PMCID: PMC7983563 DOI: 10.1159/000509956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of central and peripheral ghrelin during an exendin-4 (Ex-4) intervention to feeding in obese type 2 diabetic rodents. METHODS Animal models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes were developed using male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced into DIO-streptozotocin diabetic rats. Ex-4 or the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin fragment-[9-39] (Ex-9) was intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of food intake after Ex-4 administration. RESULTS ICV administration of Ex-4 significantly inhibited feeding and decreased weight, plasma active ghrelin, hypothalamic ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin levels. The changes in hypothalamic ghrelin and plasma ghrelin could predict the amount of 8-h average food intake. Central preadministration of Ex-9 followed by treatment with Ex-4 could inhibit the decrease in feeding at 0.5, 2, and 8 h. It could also inhibit the decrease in hypothalamic ghrelin at 0.5, 2, and 8 h, as well as in plasma and gastric ghrelin at 2 and 8 h. CONCLUSIONS In a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner, central and peripheral ghrelin play a vital role in the inhibition of feeding by Ex-4 administration. Hypothalamic ghrelin, but not plasma ghrelin, may be involved in central Ex-4 inhibition of feeding in the very early feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Xiaoyan Chen, Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 (China),
| | - Xuelian Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Long
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- **Jianhua Yan, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318 (China),
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