1
|
Dan L, Jiamei X, Ning W, Yanxiang G, Mengli T. Predictors and prognostic significance of the volume load trajectory: a longitudinal study in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2405561. [PMID: 39301865 PMCID: PMC11418055 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2405561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Volume overload in peritoneal dialysis patients is a common issue that can lead to poor prognosis. We employed a group trajectory model to categorize volume load trajectories and examined the factors associated with each trajectory class to explore the impact of different trajectory groups on clinical prognosis and residual renal function (RRF). This single-center prospective cohort study included 214 patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis within a tertiary hospital. The ratio of extracellular water to total body water was measured using Bioimpedance analysis. The SAS 9.4 PROC Traj procedure was used to examine the group-based trajectory of the patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of the associated factors to predict the trajectory class of participants. The average age of the included patients was 53.56 (SD: 11.77) years, with a male proportion of 46.7% and a median follow-up time of 6 months. The normal stable group accounted for 35.05% of the total population and maintained a normal and stable level, the moderate stable group accounted for 52.8% of the total population and showed a slightly higher and stable level, and the high fluctuation group accounted for 12.15% of the total population and showed a high and fluctuating level. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, diabetes, and albumin levels are significant factors influencing the categorization of volume load trajectories. There were statistically significant differences in both the technical survival rate and the loss of residual renal function among the three trajectory groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Dan
- Nephrology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jiamei
- Nephrology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weng Ning
- Nephrology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo Yanxiang
- Nephrology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Mengli
- Nephrology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borràs Sans M, Ponz Clemente E, Rodríguez Carmona A, Vera Rivera M, Pérez Fontán M, Quereda Rodríguez-Navarro C, Bajo Rubio MA, de la Espada Piña V, Moreiras Plaza M, Pérez Contreras J, Del Peso Gilsanz G, Prieto Velasco M, Quirós Ganga P, Remón Rodríguez C, Sánchez Álvarez E, Vega Rodríguez N, Aresté Fosalba N, Benito Y, Fernández Reyes MJ, García Martínez I, Minguela Pesquera JI, Rivera Gorrín M, Usón Nuño A. Clinical guideline on adequacy and prescription of peritoneal dialysis. Nefrologia 2024; 44 Suppl 1:1-27. [PMID: 39341764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the meaning of adequacy in peritoneal dialysis has changed. We have witnessed a transition from an exclusive achievement of specific objectives -namely solute clearances and ultrafiltration- to a more holistic approach more focused to on the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations, updated and oriented to social and health environment, for the adequacy and prescription of peritoneal dialysis. The document has been divided into three main sections: adequacy, residual kidney function and prescription of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis. Recently, a guide on the same topic has been published by a Committee of Experts of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD 2020). In consideration of the contributions of the group of experts and the quasi-simultaneity of the two projects, references are made to this guide in the relevant sections. We have used a systematic methodology (GRADE), which specifies the level of evidence and the strength of the proposed suggestions and recommendations, facilitating future updates of the document.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Usón Nuño
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan GCK, Fung WWS, Szeto CC, Ng JKC. From MIA to FIFA: The vicious matrix of frailty, inflammation, fluid overload and atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:215-226. [PMID: 36807408 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Two decades ago, the common co-existence of malnutrition and systemic inflammation PD patients with atherosclerosis and CVD led to the proposed terminology of 'malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome'. Although the importance of malnutrition is well accepted, frailty represents a more comprehensive assessment of the physical and functional capability of the patient and encompasses the contributions of sarcopenia (a key component of malnutrition), obesity, cardiopulmonary as well as neuropsychiatric impairment. In recent years, it is also increasingly recognized that fluid overload is not only the consequence but also play an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Moreover, fluid overload is closely linked with the systemic inflammatory status, presumably by gut oedema, gastrointestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and leakage of bacterial fragments to the systemic circulation. There are now a wealth of published evidence to show intricate relations between frailty, inflammation, fluid overload and atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on PD, a phenomenon that we propose the term 'FIFA complex'. In this system, frailty and atherosclerotic disease may be regarded as two patient-oriented outcomes, while inflammation and fluid overload are two inter-connected pathogenic processes. However, there remain limited data on how the treatment of one component affect the others. It is also important to define how treatment of fluid overload affect the systemic inflammatory status and to develop effective anti-inflammatory strategies that could alleviate atherosclerotic disease and frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Costa FL, Reis NSDC, Reis FM, de Oliveira RC, Zanati Bazan SG, Canedo da Silva MZ, Martin LC, Barretti P. Multifrequency bioimpedance by spectroscopy vs. routine methods in the management of hydration status in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized control trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911047. [PMID: 36160161 PMCID: PMC9492968 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overhydration (OH) is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and increases the cardiovascular risk. Multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been proposed to estimate the hydration in dialysis. Our objective was to evaluate if BIS is superior than control based on clinical assessment plus single-frequency bioimpedance (SF-BIA) on the fluid control and intermediate cardiovascular outcomes. Methods Randomized controlled study in adult PD patients, with a 9-month follow-up, allocated into two groups: control and BIS. Data were collected from medical records. SF-BIA and BIS, laboratory exams, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography (ECHO), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated. The BIS data were available to the medical team only in BIS group. Results 34 patients completed the study, 17 in each group. At the endpoint the BIS group had a significant (p < 0.05) greater proportion of patients with OH/extracellular water (OH/ECW%) ≤ 15% than the control (94.1% vs. 52.9%), and a lower OH mean (2.1 ± 1.6 vs. 0.9 ± 1.1 L). The control group has a significant increase in the tumor necrosis factor alpha median concentration from baseline to six [11.9 (6.0–24.1) vs. 44.7 (9.4–70.6) pg/ml] and 9 months [11.9 (6.0–24.1) vs. 39.4 (27.9–62.6) pg/ml], and in the N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide median [239 (171.5–360.5) vs. 356 (219–1,555) pg/ml]. For cardiovascular parameters, BIS group presented a significant reduction in radial PWV [7.7 (6.9–9.2) vs. 6.5 (5.5–8.4) m/s] at 9 month, while in the control presented a significant increase in mean central systolic blood pressure (BP) (106.8 ± 11.2 vs. 117.6 ± 16.5 mmHg) and in central diastolic BP (90.4 ± 9.8 vs. 103.3 ± 12.5 mmHg) at 9 months. The left ventricular mass (LVM)/body surface presented a significant reduction in the control (109.6 ± 30.8 vs. 101.2 ± 28.9 g/m2) and BIS group (107.7 ± 24.9 vs. 96.1 ± 27.0 g/m2) at 9 months. Conclusion The results suggest BIS is superior than the clinical evaluation plus SF-BIA for the fluid control of PD patients. Clinical trial registration [https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [RBR-10k8j3bx].
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng JKC, Kwan BCH, Chan GCK, Chow KM, Pang WF, Cheng PMS, Leung CB, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Predictors and prognostic significance of persistent fluid overload: A longitudinal study in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients. ARCH ESP UROL 2022:8968608221110491. [PMID: 35787209 DOI: 10.1177/08968608221110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies showed that fluid overload (FO) measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) predicted adverse outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to describe the longitudinal change in volume status in Chinese PD patients and determine its relation with clinical outcomes. METHODS We performed a single-centre, retrospective analysis of all PD patients who underwent repeated BIS from 2010 to 2015. FO was defined by relative hydration index (RHI; volume of overhydration adjusted by extracellular water >7%). Variability of volume status (VVS) was denoted by the standard deviation of all RHI. The association of time-averaged RHI and VVS on patient and technique survival was explored by a competing risk model. RESULTS A total of 269 patients were followed for a median of 47.1 months. Mean time-averaged RHI was 17.6 ± 10.2%. Multivariable mixed linear regression revealed that RHI was significantly associated with diabetes, time-varying systolic blood pressure, and inversely with time-varying albumin level, lean tissue index and fat tissue index (p <0.0001 for all). Time-averaged RHI independently predicted patient survival (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, p <0.0001) and technique survival (SHR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, p <0.0001), whereas VVS did not. The mortality risk for patients with persistent FO was consistently higher than the corresponding risk estimated from baseline FO of the same extent. CONCLUSIONS Persistent FO was a strong predictor of patient and technique failure. Repeated bioimpedance measurements to monitor volume status may provide additional prognostic information in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Ming Chow
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Fai Pang
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Bon Leung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ng JKC, Than WH, Szeto CC. Obesity, Weight Gain, and Fluid Overload in Peritoneal Dialysis. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:880097. [PMID: 37675033 PMCID: PMC10479638 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.880097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that has a complicated pathogenesis as well as impact on the outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this review, the prevalence of obesity in incident PD patients as well as the phenomenon of new-onset glucose intolerance after PD will be reviewed. Published literature on the effect of obesity on the survival and incidence of cardiovascular disease in PD patients will be discussed. Particular emphasis would be put on literature that compared the impact of obesity on the outcome of hemodialysis and PD, and the confounding effect of dialysis adequacy. Next, the complex concept of obesity and its relevance for PD will be explored. The focus would be put on the methods of assessment and clinical relevance of central versus general obesity, as well as visceral versus subcutaneous adipose tissue. The relation between obesity and systemic inflammation, as well as the biological role of several selected adipokines will be reviewed. The confounding effects of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance will be discussed, followed by the prevalence and prognostic impact of weight gain during the first few years of PD. The differences between weight gain due to fluid overload and accumulation of adipose tissue will be discussed, followed by the current literature on the change in body composition after patients are put on chronic PD. The methods of body composition will be reviewed, and the clinical relevance of individual body component (fluid, fat, muscle, and bone) will be discussed. The review will conclude by highlighting current gaps of knowledge and further research directions in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Win Hlaing Than
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An JN, Kim JK, Lee HS, Kim SG, Kim HJ, Song YR. Serum cystatin C to creatinine ratio is associated with sarcopenia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:580-590. [PMID: 35791742 PMCID: PMC9576455 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jik Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rim Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Young Rim Song Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohamed M, Matthie J, Fan SL. Bioimpedance spectroscopy: Is a picture worth a thousand words? Semin Dial 2022. [PMID: 35466475 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Volume status can be difficult to assess in dialysis patients. Peripheral edema, elevated venous pressure, lung crackles, and hypertension are taught as signs of fluid overload, but sensitivity and specificity are poor. Bioimpedance technology has evolved from early single frequency to multifrequency machines which apply spectroscopic analysis (BIS), modeling data to physics-based mixture theory. Bioimpedance plots can aid the evaluation of hydration status and body composition. The challenge remains how to use this information to manage dialysis populations, particularly as interventions to improve over hydration, sarcopenia, and adiposity are not without side effects. It is therefore of no surprise that validation studies for BIS use in peritoneal dialysis patients are limited, and results from clinical trials are inconsistent and conflicting. Despite these limitations, BIS has clinical utility with potential to accurately evaluate small changes in body tissue components. This article explains the information a BIS plot ("picture") can provide and how it can contribute to the overall clinical assessment of a patient. However, it remains the role of the clinician to integrate information and devise treatment strategies to optimize competing patient risks, fluid and nutrition status, effects of high glucose PD fluids on membrane function, and quality of life issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohamed
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Stanley L Fan
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen CH, Teitelbaum I. Peritoneal dialysis adequacy: a paradigm shift. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:150-155. [PMID: 35286794 PMCID: PMC8995486 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 30 years, nephrologists have focused on a single minimal threshold of Kt/Vurea to determine the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD). To date, there is no evidence that shows Kt/Vurea to be a good surrogate measure of uremic symptom control or nutritional state in patients on PD. Volume of distribution (Vurea) generally is considered equivalent to total body water (TBW). Yet, accurate determination of TBW is difficult. The most recent International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis practice recommendations on prescribing high-quality PD emphasized incorporation of multiple measures rather than the single value of Kt/Vurea. These measures include shared decision-making between the patient and the care team and assessment of health-related quality of life, burden of uremic symptoms, presence of residual kidney function, volume status, and biochemical measures including serum potassium and bicarbonate levels. In some cases, PD prescriptions can be tailored to the patient priorities and goals of care, such as in frail and pediatric patients. Overall, there has been a paradigm shift in providing high-quality care to PD patients. Instead of focusing on small solute clearance in the form of Kt/Vurea, nephrologists are encouraged to use a more comprehensive assessment of the patient as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Huei Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Isaac Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HR, Jeon JW, Bae HJ, Shin JA, Ham YR, Na KR, Lee KW, Choi DE, Hyon YK. Body Fat Plays an Important Role in of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy-Based Dry Weight Measurement Error for Patients with Hemodialysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101907. [PMID: 34679605 PMCID: PMC8535067 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate dry weight (DW) estimation is important for hemodialysis patients. Although bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is commonly used to measure DW, the BIS-based DW frequently differs from the clinical DW. We analyzed the characteristics of patients whose BIS-based DWs were over- and underestimated. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 1555 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Chungnam National University Hospital. The gap (DWCP-BIS) was calculated by comparing the BIS and clinical DWs. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with positive (n = 835) and negative (n = 720) gaps. Compared with other patients, the DWCP-BIS-positive group had higher extracellular water (ECW) level and extracellular/intracellular water index (E/I) and had lower weight, body mass index (BMI), lean tissue index (LTI), fat tissue index (FTI), fat mass (FAT), and adipose tissue mass (ATM). The DWCP-BIS-negative group exhibited elevated BMI, FTI, FAT, and ATM; however, it had lower height, ECW, and E/I. Linear regression analysis revealed that FAT significantly predicted DWCP accuracy. The clinical DW of patients with a low fat mass tended to be underestimated, while the clinical DW of patients with comparatively large fat reserves tended to be overestimated. These characteristics will aid in the reduction of BIS-based DW errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ri Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Jae-Wan Jeon
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Hong-Jin Bae
- Department of Nephrology, Cheongju St. Mary’s Hospital, Cheongju 28323, Korea;
| | - Jin-Ah Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Young-Rok Ham
- Nephrology, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Ki-Ryang Na
- Nephrology, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Kang-Wook Lee
- Nephrology, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Dae-Eun Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Nephrology, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-E.C.); (Y.-K.H.)
| | - Yun-Kyong Hyon
- Division of Industrial Mathematics, Data Analytics Team, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-E.C.); (Y.-K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Late stage 3 chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia, but not proteinuria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18472. [PMID: 34531464 PMCID: PMC8446068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most epidemiologic studies assessing the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sarcopenia have been performed in dialysis patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and sarcopenia in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. A total of 892 outpatients who did not show any rapid changes in renal function were enrolled in this observational cohort study. We measured the muscle mass using bioimpedance analysis and handgrip strength (HGS), and sarcopenia was defined as low HGS and low muscle mass. Sarcopenia was found in 28.1% of the patients and its prevalence decreased as the body mass index (BMI) increased; however, in patients with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2, the prevalence did not increase with BMI. As eGFR decreased, the lean tissue index and HGS significantly decreased. However, the eGFR did not affect the fat tissue index. The risk of sarcopenia increased approximately 1.6 times in patients with eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. However, proteinuria was not associated with sarcopenia. With a decrease in eGFR, the lean muscle mass and muscle strength decreased, and the prevalence of sarcopenia increased. In patients with late stage 3 CKD, further assessment of body composition and screening for sarcopenia may be needed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alexandrou ME, Balafa O, Sarafidis P. Assessment of Hydration Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Validity, Prognostic Value, Strengths, and Limitations of Available Techniques. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51:589-612. [PMID: 32721969 DOI: 10.1159/000509115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) suffer from volume overload and this overhydration is associated with increased mortality. Thus, optimal assessment of volume status in PD is an issue of paramount importance. Patient symptoms and physical signs are often unreliable indexes of true hydration status. SUMMARY Over the past decades, a quest for a valid, reproducible, and easily applicable technique to assess hydration status is taking place. Among existing techniques, inferior vena cava diameter measurements with echocardiography and natriuretic peptides such as brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were not extensively examined in PD populations; while having certain advantages, their interpretation are complicated by the underlying cardiac status and are not widely available. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) techniques are the most studied tool assessing volume overload in PD. Volume overload assessed with BIA has been associated with technique failure and increased mortality in observational studies, but the results of randomized trials on the value of BIA-based strategies to improve volume-related outcomes are contradictory. Lung ultrasound (US) is a recent technique with the ability to identify volume excess in the critical lung area. Preliminary evidence in PD showed that B-lines from lung US correlate with echocardiographic parameters but not with BIA measurements. This review presents the methods currently used to assess fluid status in PD patients and discusses existing data on their validity, applicability, limitations, and associations with intermediate and hard outcomes in this population. Key Message: No method has proved its value as an intervening tool affecting cardiovascular events, technique, and overall survival in PD patients. As BIA and lung US estimate fluid overload in different compartments of the body, they can be complementary tools for volume status assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Alexandrou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Balafa
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece,
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schneditz D, Sauseng N, Pütün E, Rosenkranz AR, Ribitsch W. Supine equilibration of extracellular fluid in peritoneal dialysis varies with intra-abdominal pressure. Perit Dial Int 2020; 40:477-486. [PMID: 32063186 DOI: 10.1177/0896860819895176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intra-abdominal pressure (PIA) leads to venous congestion in splanchnic and adjoining circulations. The aim is to examine whether PIA in peritoneal dialysis (PD) affects the mobilization of extracellular fluid from the lower body in supine body position. METHODS Patients were studied during a regular peritoneal equilibration test (PET) in supine body position using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis to determine extracellular resistance and absolute volume overload (AVO) in wrist-to-ankle (W2A) as well as in ankle-to-ankle (A2A) configurations. Measurements were taken at baseline (T0) after draining the peritoneal cavity, at T1 shortly after filling with 2 L of standard dialysate, and at T2 before taking the 2 h PET samples. PIA was measured from the column height in the PD catheter. Extracellular resistance in the lower extremities (RL) was taken as half of the A2A resistance. RESULTS Eighteen patients (56 ± 15 years, 76 ± 21 kg, body mass index (BMI) 26.4 ± 7 kg/m2, 13 men) were studied. After having assumed a supine body position for the duration of 17, 77, and 155 min, AVO continuously decreased from 1.6 ± 1.3 (T0) to 1.2 ± 1.5 (T1) and 1.0 ± 1.4 L (T2). RL significantly increased from 238 ± 57 (T0) to 254 ± 62 (T1) and 264 ± 67 Ohm (T2). This increase was negatively correlated to BMI and PIA measured at any time point, but not to net ultrafiltration volume. CONCLUSIONS Orthostatic fluid shifts from the lower limbs may take up to 2 h in supine PD patients, especially with high BMI and PIA because of venous congestion in splanchnic and adjoining circulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneditz
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, 31475Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Notburga Sauseng
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, 31475Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ezgi Pütün
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 31475Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 31475Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Ribitsch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 31475Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang AYM, Dong J, Xu X, Davies S. Volume management as a key dimension of a high-quality PD prescription. Perit Dial Int 2020; 40:282-292. [PMID: 32063208 DOI: 10.1177/0896860819895365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate volume control is one of the key goals in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription. As such it is an important component of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guideline for "High-quality PD prescription" necessitating a review of the literature on volume management. The workgroup recognized the importance of including within its scope measures of volume status and blood pressure in prescribing high-quality PD therapy. METHODS A Medline and PubMed search for publications addressing volume status and its management in PD since the publication of the 2015 ISPD Adult Cardiovascular and Metabolic Guidelines, from October 2014 through to July 2019, was conducted. RESULTS There were no randomized controlled trials on blood pressure intervention and six randomized trials of bioimpedance-guided volume management. Generally, all studies were of small sample size, short duration, and used surrogate markers as primary outcomes. As a consequence, only "practice points" were drawn. High-quality goal-directed PD prescription should aim to achieve and maintain clinical euvolemia taking residual kidney function and its preservation into account, so that both fluid removal from peritoneal ultrafiltration and urine output are considered and residual kidney function is not compromised. Blood pressure should be included as a key objective parameter in assessing the quality of PD prescription but there is currently no evidence for a specific target in PD. Clinical examination remains the keystone of routine clinical care. CONCLUSIONS High-quality goal-directed PD prescription should include volume management as one of the key dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Simon Davies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University and University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong YA, Yoon HE, Choi BS, Shin SJ, Kim YS, Lee SY, Lee SH, Kim SH, Lee EY, Shin SK, Kwon YJ, Kim JH, Chang YK, Kim SY, Kim JE, Ahn SY, Ko GJ. The Effect of Strict Volume Control Assessed by Repeated Bioimpedance Spectroscopy on Cardiac Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17679. [PMID: 31776362 PMCID: PMC6881363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate fluid management plays an important role in decreasing cardiovascular risk in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We evaluated whether strict volume control monitored by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) affects cardiac function in PD patients. This study is a secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Fluid overload was assessed by the average overhydration/extracellular water (OH/ECW) at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Patients were categorized as time-averaged overhydrated (TA-OH/ECW ≥15%) or normohydrated (TA-OH/ECW <15%), and echocardiographic parameters were compared between groups. Among a total of 151 patients, 120 patients exhibited time-averaged normohydration. Time-averaged overhydrated patients had a significantly higher left atrial (LA) diameter and E/e′ ratio and a lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction at 12 months than time-averaged normohydrated patients. LA diameter, end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume were decreased at 12 months compared to baseline in time-averaged normohydrated patients only. TA-OH/ECW was independently associated with ejection fraction at 12 months (β = −0.190; p = 0.010). TA-OH/ECW, but not OH/ECW at 12 months, was an independent risk factor for LV dysfunction (odds ratio 4.020 [95% confidence interval 1.285–12.573]). Overhydration status based on repeated BIS measurements is an independent predictor of LV systolic function in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ah Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Kyun Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Jee Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tanaka M, Ishibashi Y, Hamasaki Y, Kamijo Y, Idei M, Nishi T, Takeda M, Nonaka H, Nangaku M, Mise N. Bioimpedance Spectroscopy-Based Fluid Status in Combined Dialysis Compared With Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 24:373-379. [PMID: 31626730 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (PD+HD) is widely used in Japan for PD patients with decreased residual renal function. However, fluid status in PD+HD patients has not been well studied. In this cross-sectional study, we compared fluid status in 41 PD+HD patients with that in 103 HD and 92 PD patients using the bioimpedance spectroscopy. Extracellular water normalized to patient height (NECW, kg/m) was the highest in pre-HD (8.3 ± 1.6) followed by PD (7.9 ± 2.7), PD+HD (7.5 ± 2.5), and post-HD patients (6.9 ± 1.5) (P < 0.01). By multiple linear regression analysis, PD+HD was associated with a significantly lower NECW than pre-HD (β = -0.8, P = 0.03) and similar to PD (β = -0.5, P = 0.24) and post-HD (β = 0.6, P = 0.08) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetic nephropathy, ischemic heart disease, dialysis period, and daily urine volume. There was no correlation between NECW and daily urine volume in all dialysis groups. Average daily fluid removal (a sum of urine volume and ultrafiltration volume by dialysis) was positively correlated with NECW in PD+HD and pre-HD, but not in PD and post-HD patients. Our results suggest that fluid status in PD+HD patients with decreased residual renal function is acceptable as compared with that in HD and PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishibashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamijo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Idei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naobumi Mise
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sherman RA. Briefly Noted. Semin Dial 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|