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Abo Hamza E, Tindle R, Pawlak S, Bedewy D, Moustafa AA. The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2023-0163. [PMID: 38607658 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we, for the first time, provide a comprehensive overview and unified framework of the impact of poverty and low socioeconomic status (SES) on the brain and behaviour. While there are many studies on the impact of low SES on the brain (including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and even neurotransmitters) and behaviours (including educational attainment, language development, development of psychopathological disorders), prior studies did not integrate behavioural, educational, and neural findings in one framework. Here, we argue that the impact of poverty and low SES on the brain and behaviour are interrelated. Specifically, based on prior studies, due to a lack of resources, poverty and low SES are associated with poor nutrition, high levels of stress in caregivers and their children, and exposure to socio-environmental hazards. These psychological and physical injuries impact the normal development of several brain areas and neurotransmitters. Impaired functioning of the amygdala can lead to the development of psychopathological disorders, while impaired hippocampus and cortex functions are associated with a delay in learning and language development as well as poor academic performance. This in turn perpetuates poverty in children, leading to a vicious cycle of poverty and psychological/physical impairments. In addition to providing economic aid to economically disadvantaged families, interventions should aim to tackle neural abnormalities caused by poverty and low SES in early childhood. Importantly, acknowledging brain abnormalities due to poverty in early childhood can help increase economic equity. In the current study, we provide a comprehensive list of future studies to help understand the impact of poverty on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Abo Hamza
- College of Education, Humanities & Social Sciences, 289293 Al Ain University , 64141, Al Jimi, UAE
- Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., 122011, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Richard Tindle
- JMS Allied Services, 1109 Coffs Harbour , NSW, 2452, Australia
| | - Simon Pawlak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dalia Bedewy
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, 59104 Ajman University , University Street, Al jerf 1, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., 122011, Tanta, Egypt
- 59104 Humanities and Social Sciences Research Center (HSSRC), Ajman University , University Street, Al jerf 1, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway & University Roads, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, 448704 Bond University , 14 University Dr, Robina QLD 4226, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Banihashemi L, Schmithorst VJ, Bertocci MA, Samolyk A, Zhang Y, Lima Santos JP, Versace A, Taylor M, English G, Northrup JB, Lee VK, Stiffler R, Aslam H, Panigrahy A, Hipwell AE, Phillips ML. Neural Network Functional Interactions Mediate or Suppress WM-Emotional Behavior Relationships in Infants. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)01088-0. [PMID: 36918062 PMCID: PMC10365319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the neural basis of infant positive emotionality (PE) and negative emotionality (NE) can identify biomarkers of pathophysiological risk. Our goal was to determine how functional interactions among large-scale networks supporting emotional regulation influence WM microstructural-emotional behavior relationships in 3-month-old infants. We hypothesized that microstructural-emotional behavior relationships would be differentially mediated or suppressed by underlying resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), particularly between Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN) structures. METHODS The analytic sample comprised primary caregiver-infant dyads [52 infants (42% female, mean age at scan=15.10 weeks)], with infant neuroimaging and emotional behavior assessments at 3 months. Infant WM and rsFC were assessed by diffusion-weighted imaging/tractography and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during natural, non-sedated sleep. The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-R provided measures of infant PE and NE. RESULTS Following significant WM-emotional behavior relationships, multimodal analyses were performed using whole-brain voxelwise mediation. Results revealed that greater cingulum bundle volume was significantly associated with lower infant PE (ß = -0.263, p = 0.031); however, a pattern of lower rsFC between CEN and DMN structures suppressed this otherwise negative relationship. Greater uncinate fasciculus volume was significantly associated with lower infant NE (ß = -0.296, p = 0.022); however, lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-amygdala rsFC, suppressed this otherwise negative relationship, while greater OFC-CEN rsFC mediated this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Functional interactions among neural networks have an important influence on WM microstructural-emotional behavior relationships in infancy. These relationships can elucidate neural mechanisms contributing to future behavioral and emotional problems in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Banihashemi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Vanessa J Schmithorst
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alyssa Samolyk
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Amelia Versace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Megan Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gabrielle English
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jessie B Northrup
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vincent K Lee
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haris Aslam
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
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Sripada C, Gard AM, Angstadt M, Taxali A, Greathouse T, McCurry K, Hyde LW, Weigard A, Walczyk P, Heitzeg M. Socioeconomic resources are associated with distributed alterations of the brain's intrinsic functional architecture in youth. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101164. [PMID: 36274574 PMCID: PMC9589163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how exposure to limited socioeconomic resources (SER) in childhood gets "under the skin" to shape brain development, especially using rigorous whole-brain multivariate methods in large, adequately powered samples. The present study examined resting state functional connectivity patterns from 5821 youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, employing multivariate methods across three levels: whole-brain, network-wise, and connection-wise. Across all three levels, SER was associated with widespread alterations across the connectome. However, critically, we found that parental education was the primary driver of neural associations with SER. These parental education associations with the developing connectome exhibited notable concentrations in somatosensory and subcortical regions, and they were partially accounted for by home enrichment activities, child's cognitive abilities, and child's grades, indicating interwoven links between parental education, child stimulation, and child cognitive performance. These results add a new data-driven, multivariate perspective on links between household SER and the child's developing functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Arianna M Gard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Aman Taxali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology and Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Peter Walczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Yang Q, Yang J, Zheng L, Song W, Yi L. Impact of Home Parenting Environment on Cognitive and Psychomotor Development in Children Under 5 Years Old: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:658094. [PMID: 34650937 PMCID: PMC8505983 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.658094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between home parenting environment and the cognitive and psychomotor development in children under 5 years old by using meta-analysis. A systematic search of the Chinese and English databases including Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang, and CBMdisc databases from January 1, 1990, to July 31, 2021, was performed. Articles concerning the relationship between home parenting environment and the cognitive and psychomotor development in children under 5 years old were included. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis in terms of age and region were performed. A total of 12 articles were included, including 11 in English and 1 in Chinese. Meta-analysis showed that there was significant relationship between home parenting environment and the cognitive and psychomotor development of children (r = 0.31; r = 0.21). Subgroup analysis showed that correlation between home parenting environment and the cognitive and psychomotor development of children was stronger in children over 18 months compared to those under 17 months [(r = 0.33, r = 0.21) vs. (r = 0.28, r = 0.17)]. The converted summary r value between home parenting environment and cognitive development in developing and developed countries was both 0.32. Conclusively, there is a positive correlation between the home parenting environment and the cognitive and psychomotor development of children under 5 years old. Improving the home parenting environment of children is beneficial to promote their early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Nursing College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jinlian Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Huaihua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Nursing College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Wei Song
- Nursing College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Lilan Yi
- Nursing College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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