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Zhang X, Yang J, Xiang Y, Wu M, Cao D, Wang J, Yang J. Predicting outcomes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors using the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification system. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005489. [PMID: 39019492 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification system in Chinese female patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and to identify predictive factors to enhance the risk classification system. METHODS In this retrospective cohort analysis, patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors who received surgery with/without chemotherapy were included. These patients had been followed-up by Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 to 2020. Patients without complete medical records or no follow-up information were excluded. RESULTS The study enrolled a total of 271 patients. The risk model classified 106 (39.1%) patients as good-, 84 (31%) as intermediate-, and 81 (29.9%) as poor-risk. With a median follow-up time of 34 months (range 2-147), 48 (17.7%) recurrence and 16 (5.9%) deaths were observed. The risk classification significantly correlated with 3 year disease-free survival and overall survival (log rank p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). The survival outcomes of disease-free survival and overall survival were not statistically different among risk groups in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (log rank p=0.77 and 0.41, respectively). Univariate and multivariable analysis showed that tumor stage (p=0.033, hazard ratio (HR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 3.96) was significantly associated with relapse or progression of disease. Patients over age 40 years exhibited a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION The modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification system was efficacious in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and was significantly associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Risk assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be more predictive than stratification at initial diagnosis. Age and tumor stage were definitive prognostic factors for germ cell tumors, which may need to be incorporated in the stratification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sullivan SM, Stoneham S, Lockley M, Frazier AL, Billmire DF, Poynter JN. Comparison of overall and patterns of care in patients with a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor by age in the United States: a National Cancer Database (2004-2016) analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005280. [PMID: 38955375 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women aged ≥40 years diagnosed with a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor are more likely to have poor outcomes than their younger counterparts (aged 15-39 years). OBJECTIVE We used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate patterns of care and overall survival for individuals diagnosed with one of the four most common histologic subtypes of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor by age group. METHODS We identified women aged 15-90 diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors in the NCDB (2004-2016). Logistic regression was used to compare patterns of care, demographic, and disease characteristics by age group. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate associations between a range of demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics with overall survival. RESULTS A total of n=2998 patients who were diagnosed with one of the four most common histologic subtypes (immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, and mixed germ cell) of ovarian germ cell tumor were included in the analysis. Patients aged ≥40 years diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors were more likely to have co-morbidities, a bilateral tumor, higher stage of disease, receive chemotherapy only, and have a residual tumor after resection as compared with patients aged <40 years. Moreover, women aged ≥40 years had the highest risk of death (reference: 15-24 year olds; HR=5.37, 95% CI 3.76 to 7.66) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, tumor histology, and treatment received. In stratified analyses, women aged ≥40 years had significantly worse overall survival at each disease stage and histologic subtype. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that women aged ≥40 years who are diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors have worse overall survival than those aged <40, independent of stage, disease characteristics, and treatment. Our study highlights the need for future research to better understand reasons for poorer outcomes in women aged ≥40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Stoneham
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Services, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah F Billmire
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Sköld C, Jansson AK, Glimelius I. Malignant ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors: Common characteristics but different prognoses. J Intern Med 2024; 295:715-734. [PMID: 38468475 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Both ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from the primordial germ cell and share many similarities. Both malignancies affect mainly young patients, show remarkable responsiveness to cisplatin-based therapy, and have an excellent prognosis, which also highlights the importance of minimizing long-term side effects. However, certain differences can be noted: The spreading of the disease differs, and the staging system and treatment recommendations are dissimilar. Moreover, the prognosis for ovarian GCTs is significantly inferior to that for testicular cancer, as exemplified in this review comparing the survival in Swedish patients diagnosed with testicular (1995-2022) and ovarian (1990-2018) GCTs. The 5-year overall survival in ovarian GCTs was 85.2%, versus 98.2% for testicular GCTs. How can this be explained? One reason may be the difference in knowledge, experience, and evidence because the incidence rate of testicular cancer is more than 15 times that of ovarian GCTs. Given the rarity of the disease in women and the lack of established guidelines, a comprehensive understanding of the disease and treatment decisions is challenging. The main objective of this review is to derive insights from testicular GCTs (seminoma and non-seminoma) by reviewing etiological, tumor biological, and clinical knowledge, and to thereafter suggest actions for ovarian GCTs based on this. We hypothesize that by adopting specific treatment strategies from testicular GCTs-including de-escalating adjuvant chemotherapy for low-risk patients and implementing more standardized and intensive treatment protocols in cases of relapse-we can improve the prognosis and minimize long-term side effects in ovarian GCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna K Jansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Salman L, Covens A, Vicus D, Podolsky S, Liu N, Gien LT. The role of surgeon specialty in management and survival of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A population-based study. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 185:138-142. [PMID: 38417208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to describe management and survival in adult patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) undergoing surgery by general gynecologists (GG) versus gynecologic oncologists (GO). METHODS This is a population-based retrospective cohort study, including patients (age ≥ 18 years old) with MOGCT identified in the provincial cancer registry of Ontario, (1996-2020). Baseline characteristics, surgical and chemotherapy treatment were compared between those with surgery by GG or GO. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was used to determine if surgeon specialty was associated with overall survival (OS). RESULTS Overall, 363 patients were included. One-hundred and sixty (44%) underwent surgery by GO and 203 (56%) by GG. There were higher rates of stage II-IV in the GO group (27.5% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001, and higher proportion of chemotherapy (64.4% vs 37.4%, p < 0.0001). Five-year OS was 90% and 93% in the GO vs GG groups, respectively (p = 0.39). CPH model showed factors associated with increased risk of death were older age at diagnosis (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.12) and chemotherapy (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.44-6.75). Surgeon specialty was not independently associated with all-cause death (HR 1.04, 95% 0.51-2.15, p = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS In this group of MOGCT, 5-year OS was not significantly different between patients having surgery by GO compared to GG. Nevertheless, survival rates were lower than expected in the GG group despite their low-risk features. Further exploration is warranted regarding the reasons for this and whether patients with suspected MOGCT may benefit from early assessment by GO for optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Salman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Covens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Vicus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Lilian T Gien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Rich BS, Dicken BJ, Billmire DF, Weil BR, Ross J, Fallahazad N, Krailo M, Shaikh F, Frazier AL, Hazard FK, Nuño MM. Characterizing Lymphovascular Invasion in Pediatric and Adolescent Malignant Ovarian Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:2399-2404. [PMID: 37699777 PMCID: PMC10872999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for a variety of tumors; however, its significance in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) in pediatric and adolescent patients is not well described. We aim to clarify the significance of LVI in the subset of patients with nongerminomatous MOGCT. METHODS Records of patients 0-20 years of age with MOGCT enrolled on Children's Oncology Group study AGCT0132 were reviewed. Patients with documented presence or absence of LVI in either institutional or central review pathology reports were included. RESULTS Of 130 patients with MOGCTs, 83 patients had of the presence or absence of LVI documented in their pathology report. 42/83 patients (50.6%) were found to have LVI present. The estimated odds of having LVI was higher in patients with stage II and III disease, 11 years and older and with the presence of choriocarcinoma. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) remained high in patients with LVI. Approximately 50% of patients with a documented LVI status in either institutional pathology report or central review were found to have LVI. CONCLUSIONS The presence of LVI was higher in tumors with adverse risk factors including higher stage and age greater than 11 years. While LVI was not associated with EFS or OS in the intermediate risk group, further work is necessary to determine the effect of LVI on long-term disease-free survival. We, therefore, recommend routinely incorporating LVI status into institutional pathology reports for pediatric and adolescent patients with MOGCT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie S Rich
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
| | - Bryan J Dicken
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
| | - Deborah F Billmire
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brent R Weil
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Ross
- Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Negar Fallahazad
- Children's Oncology Group, Public Health Institute, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Mark Krailo
- Children's Oncology Group, Public Health Institute, Monrovia, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florette K Hazard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle M Nuño
- Children's Oncology Group, Public Health Institute, Monrovia, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors are a diverse set of masses originating from the primitive gonadal germ cells, often in young females. They have useful imaging and clinical features, including serum tumor marker elevation, that may aid the radiologist at the time of diagnosis, and also during follow-up. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential, as standard-of-care therapies lead to a high rate of cancer remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Rogers
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 30 N Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Christine Menias
- Mayo Clinic Radiology, 13400 E Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Akram Shaaban
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 30 N Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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7
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Liu YL, Manning-Geist BL, Knezevic A, Deng L, Bromberg M, Funt SA, Meisel JL, Zivanovic O, Roche KL, Sonoda Y, Gardner GJ, Grisham RN, O'Cearbhaill RE, Tew WP, Abu-Rustum NR, Chi DS, Aghajanian C, Feldman DR. Predicting outcomes in female germ cell tumors using a modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification system to guide management. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 170:93-101. [PMID: 36669327 PMCID: PMC10023473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously developed preoperative and pre-chemotherapy modified versions of the male International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) prognostic model and assessed it in female patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs). We sought to validate these modified IGCCCG (mIGCCCG) models in a new cohort. METHODS We queried institutional databases for female patients with GCTs treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1/1/1990-6/1/2020. The mIGCCCG model classifies patients with non-dysgerminomas as good, intermediate, or poor risk based on tumor markers using male IGCCCG cutoffs and absence/presence of non-pulmonary/peritoneal visceral metastasis. In dysgerminomas, good- and intermediate-risk groups are defined by absence/presence of non-pulmonary/peritoneal visceral metastasis. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated for each group in the validation and combined original and validation cohorts. Associations between individual clinical factors and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Among 183 female patients with GCTs, clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar between the original (n = 93) and validation (n = 90) cohorts. In multivariable models, higher stage, older age, and non-dysgerminoma histology predicted worse PFS and OS (p < 0.05). Among 162 patients who received chemotherapy, preoperative and pre-chemotherapy mIGCCCG models were significantly associated with PFS and OS (p < 0.001 for all groups). With the preoperative model, 3-year PFS rates were 94%, 76%, and 50% in the good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk patients, respectively; OS rates were 96%, 86%, and 52%, respectively. Even within stage groups, mIGCCCG risk classifications were associated with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A female-specific mIGCCCG risk model effectively stratifies patients and should be incorporated into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying L Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Beryl L Manning-Geist
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luxue Deng
- Atlantic Health Systems, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane L Meisel
- Department of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Oliver Zivanovic
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Long Roche
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ginger J Gardner
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel N Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - William P Tew
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Chi
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Trama A, Bernasconi A, Botta L, Byrne J, Grabow D, Reulen RC, Calaminus G, Terenziani M. Late mortality reduction among survivors of germ cell tumors in childhood and adolescence in Europe: A report from the PanCareSurFup cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29991. [PMID: 36184796 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on late mortality from pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are limited to small case series. Our population-based study aimed to investigate excess risk of death in survivors of GCT in childhood and adolescence, whether long-term mortality changed over time and by period of diagnosis. METHODS The PanCare Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Survivor Care and Follow-Up Studies (PanCareSurFup) cohort includes 2773 five-year survivors diagnosed under 21 years of age with gonadal and extragonadal GCT (from 1940 to 2008). We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs). We fitted a Cox's model to assess the impact of treatment period. We estimated 10-year survival and calculated average percentage changes between periods of diagnosis (1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999) to assess whether late mortality decreased. RESULTS GCT survivors had an almost four-fold excess risk of dying compared to general population. The risk of death for patients treated after 1980 was nearly halved compared to patients treated before 1980. Survivors diagnosed in 1990-1999 had a 10-year survival rate of 99%, which was 2.4% and 1.1% higher than for patients treated in 1970-1979 and 1980-1989, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest population-based study in Europe and showed a decrease in long-term mortality for survivors of GCTs in childhood and adolescence over the last decades. After the introduction of platinum compound in 1980, which is a paradigm of success compared to the previous treatments, no major changes in drug therapies have been made to treat GCTs in the last 40 years. However, GCT survivors maintain an excessive risk of death that requires long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Trama
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bernasconi
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Desiree Grabow
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul C Reulen
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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9
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Haddout S, Berrehili H, Benhessou M, Ennachit M, El Karroumi M. Dysgerminoma associated with spleno-gonadal fusion syndrome and supernumerary spleen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Takahashi N, Hatakeyama K, Nagashima T, Ohshima K, Urakami K, Yamaguchi K, Hirashima Y. Characterization of rare histological subtypes of ovarian cancer based on molecular profiling. Cancer Med 2022; 12:387-395. [PMID: 35676859 PMCID: PMC9844652 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pan-cancer analysis across The Cancer Genome Atlas has revealed the molecular profiles of major types of carcinomas. High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) have been characterized; however, in ovarian cancer, the profile of carcinoma with minor histopathological changes remains unclear. This study aimed to perform the molecular profiling of rare malignant ovarian tumors, including non-epithelial tumors (NETs; germ cell tumors and sex cord tumors) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC), to determine how they differ from the major HGSCs. METHODS Sixty-nine malignant ovarian tumors surgically resected at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between January 2014 and March 2019 were classified based on their histopathological types. The germline and somatic mutations in these carcinomas, including NETs, were determined using next-generation sequencing. Gene expression analysis was performed to investigate the major pathways of drug resistance, which is a characteristic of CCC. RESULTS NETs harbored copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, accompanied by a high homologous recombination deficiency score; germline mutations of PALB2 and BARD1 were identified in two patients with NET. In chemoresistant CCC, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway was activated regardless of ABC transporter expression. CONCLUSION This study revealed some genomic characteristics of rare malignant ovarian tumors, including NETs and CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichi Hatakeyama
- Medical Genetics DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteSunto‐gunShizuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Cancer Diagnostics Research DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteSunto‐gunShizuokaJapan,SRL Inc.Shinjuku‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteSunto‐gunShizuokaJapan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteSunto‐gunShizuokaJapan
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11
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Graham R, MacDonald ND, Lockley M, Miller R, Butler J, Murali K, Sarker SJ, Banerjee S, Stoneham S, Shamash J, Liberale V, Berney DM, Newton C. Surgical management and outcomes for stage 1 malignant ovarian germ cell tumours: A UK multicentre retrospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 271:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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