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Wang Y, Ye Z, Lou X, Xu J, Jing D, Zhou C, Qin Y, Chen J, Xu X, Yu X, Ji S. Comparison among different preclinical models derived from the same patient with a non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1522-1534. [PMID: 39078546 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are the second most common tumors of the pancreas, and approximately half of patients are diagnosed with liver metastases. Currently, the improvement in the efficacy of relevant treatment methods is still limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for in-depth research on the molecular biological mechanism of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. However, due to their relatively inert biology, preclinical models are extremely scarce. Here, the patient-derived organoid, and patient-derived xenograft were successfully constructed. These two models and the previously constructed cell line named SPNE1 all derived from the same patient with a grade 3 non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, providing new tumor modeling platforms, and characterized using immunohistochemistry, whole-exome sequencing, and single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Combined with a tumor formation experiment in immunodeficient mice, we selected the model that most closely recapitulated the parental tumor. Overall, the patient-derived xenograft model most closely resembled human tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Desheng Jing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenjie Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Head and Neck and Neuroendocrine Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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April-Monn SL, Kirchner P, Detjen K, Bräutigam K, Trippel MA, Grob T, Statzer C, Maire RS, Kollàr A, Chouchane A, Kunze CA, Horst D, Sadowski MC, Schrader J, Marinoni I, Wiedenmann B, Perren A. Patient derived tumoroids of high grade neuroendocrine neoplasms for more personalized therapies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:59. [PMID: 38429350 PMCID: PMC10907580 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no therapeutic predictive biomarkers or representative preclinical models for high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), a highly aggressive, fatal, and heterogeneous malignancy. We established patient-derived (PD) tumoroids from biobanked tissue samples of advanced high-grade GEP-NEN patients and applied this model for targeted rapid ex vivo pharmacotyping, next-generation sequencing, and perturbational profiling. We used tissue-matched PD tumoroids to profile individual patients, compared ex vivo drug response to patients' clinical response to chemotherapy, and investigated treatment-induced adaptive stress responses.PD tumoroids recapitulated biological key features of high-grade GEP-NEN and mimicked clinical response to cisplatin and temozolomide ex vivo. When we investigated treatment-induced adaptive stress responses in PD tumoroids in silico, we discovered and functionally validated Lysine demethylase 5 A and interferon-beta, which act synergistically in combination with cisplatin. Since ex vivo drug response in PD tumoroids matched clinical patient responses to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics for GEP-NEN, our rapid and functional precision oncology approach could expand personalized therapeutic options for patients with advanced high-grade GEP-NEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L April-Monn
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Detjen
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Bräutigam
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mafalda A Trippel
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Grob
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Statzer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich, Schwerzenbach-Zuerich, 8603, Switzerland
| | - Renaud S Maire
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Attila Kollàr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aziz Chouchane
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catarina A Kunze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Rudolf-Virchow-Haus, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Rudolf-Virchow-Haus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Marinoni
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University & University Hospital of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University & University Hospital of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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Helderman NC, Suerink M, Kilinç G, van den Berg JG, Nielsen M, Tesselaar MET. Relation between WHO Classification and Location- and Functionality-Based Classifications of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Digestive Tract. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:120-133. [PMID: 37690447 PMCID: PMC10836754 DOI: 10.1159/000534035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Practice of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the digestive tract, which comprise of a highly diverse group of tumors with a rising incidence, faces multiple biological, diagnostic, and therapeutic issues. Part of these issues is due to misuse and misinterpretation of the classification and terminology of NENs of the digestive tract, which make it increasingly challenging to evaluate and compare the literature. For instance, grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are frequently referred to as neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and vice versa, while NECs are, by definition, high grade and therefore constitute a separate entity from NETs. Moreover, the term NET is regularly misused to describe NENs in general, and NETs are frequently referred to as benign, while they should always be considered malignancies as they do have metastatic potential. To prevent misconceptions in future NEN-related research, we reviewed the most recent terminology used to classify NENs of the digestive tract and created an overview that combines the classification of these NENs according to the World Health Organization (WHO) with location- and functionality-based classifications. This overview may help clinicians and researchers in understanding the current literature and could serve as a guide in the clinic as well as for writing future studies on NENs of the digestive tract. In this way, we aim for the universal use of terminology, thereby providing an efficient foundation for future NEN-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Helderman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gül Kilinç
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - José G van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot E T Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Kidess E, Giesecke Y, Eichhorn I, Mohr R, Jann H, Fischer C, Wiedenmann B, Roderburg C, Tacke F, Sigal M. Osteopontin is a prognostic circulating biomarker in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10925-10933. [PMID: 37318593 PMCID: PMC10423109 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteopontin (OPN), also called secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a matricellular glycoprotein whose expression is elevated in various types of cancer and which has been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in many malignancies. Its role in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) remains to be established. The aim of the study was to analyze plasma concentrations of OPN in patients with NEN and to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value as a clinical biomarker. METHODS OPN plasma concentrations were measured in a total of 38 patients with histologically proven NEN at three different time points during the course of disease and therapy (at the start of the study, after 3 and 12 months, respectively) as well as in healthy controls. Clinical and imaging data as well as concentrations of Chromogranin A (CgA) and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) were assessed. RESULTS OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with NEN compared to healthy controls. High-grade tumors (grade 3) showed the highest OPN levels. OPN levels were neither different between male and female patients nor between different primary tumor sites. OPN correlated significantly with corresponding NSE levels, while there was no correlation with Chromogranin A. High OPN levels above a cutoff value of 200 ng/ml at initial analysis predicted a worsened prognosis with significantly shorter progression-free survival of patients with NEN, which also held true within the subgroup of well-differentiated G1/G2 tumors. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that high baseline OPN levels in patients with NEN are predictive of an adverse outcome with shorter progression-free survival, even within the group of well differentiated G1/G2 tumors. Therefore, OPN may be used as a surrogate prognostic biomarker in patients with NEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kidess
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Giesecke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Eichhorn
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Jann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Sedlack AJH, Hatfield SJ, Kumar S, Arakawa Y, Roper N, Sun NY, Nilubol N, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Hoang CD, Bergsland EK, Hernandez JM, Pommier Y, del Rivero J. Preclinical Models of Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37296836 PMCID: PMC10251941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer is an aggressive endocrine malignancy with an incidence of 0.72 to 1.02 per million people/year, and a very poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 22%. As an orphan disease, clinical data are scarce, meaning that drug development and mechanistic research depend especially on preclinical models. While a single human ACC cell line was available for the last three decades, over the last five years, many new in vitro and in vivo preclinical models have been generated. Herein, we review both in vitro (cell lines, spheroids, and organoids) and in vivo (xenograft and genetically engineered mouse) models. Striking leaps have been made in terms of the preclinical models of ACC, and there are now several modern models available publicly and in repositories for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. H. Sedlack
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samual J. Hatfield
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaydira del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Loosen SH, Kostev K, Jann H, Tetzlaff F, Tacke F, Krieg S, Knoefel WT, Fluegen G, Luedde T, Krieg A, Roderburg C. Distribution of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in Europe: results from a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1411-1416. [PMID: 35476234 PMCID: PMC10020282 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (non-pancreatic) neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) represent a rare but increasingly common tumor entity. Prognosis and biological behavior of these tumors is extremely heterogenous and largely dependent on the specific tumor site, stage and differentiation. However, systematic data on the epidemiology of GI-NET, especially in terms of geographic distributions are missing. METHODS We used the Oncology Dynamics database (IQVIA) to identify a total of 1354 patients with GI-NET from four European countries (Germany, France, Spain, UK) and compared them with regard to major patient and tumor related characteristics including patients' age, sex, tumor stage, tumor grading and differentiation. RESULTS Out of the analyzed 1354 NET patients, 535 were found in the UK (39.5%), 289 in Germany (21.3%), 283 in Spain (20.9%) and 247 in France (18.2%). More patients were male than female (53.8% vs. 46.2%) with no significant differences between the analyzed countries. In contrast, the age distribution varied between the different countries, with the highest number of patients identified in the age groups of 61-70 years (31.0%) and 71-80 years (30.7%). The vast majority of patients showed a tumor origin in the small intestine, in German patients NET of the large intestine were slightly overrepresented and NET of the stomach underrepresented compared to all other countries. More than 80% of patients had stage IV disease at the time of diagnosis. Regarding tumor histology, most tumors showed a G2 tumor; interestingly, a G3 grading was found in 40.9% of patients in Germany (Ki-67 > 20%). CONCLUSION The distribution of important patient- and tumor-specific characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors shows regional differences in four major European countries. These data may help to better understand the specific epidemiology of GI-NET in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Henning Jann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Fluegen
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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7
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Vitale G, Carra S, Alessi Y, Campolo F, Pandozzi C, Zanata I, Colao A, Faggiano A. Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043610. [PMID: 36835022 PMCID: PMC9961914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome represents a debilitating paraneoplastic disease, caused by the secretion of several substances, occurring in about 10-40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The main signs and symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchoconstriction, venous telangiectasia, dyspnea and fibrotic complications (mesenteric and retroperitoneal fibrosis, and carcinoid heart disease). Although there are several drugs available for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome, the lack of therapeutic response, poor tolerance or resistance to drugs are often reported. Preclinical models are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, mechanisms for tumor progression and new therapeutic approaches for cancer. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vitro and in vivo models in NETs with carcinoid syndrome, highlighting the future developments and therapeutic approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6191-12023; Fax: +39-02-6191-13033
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Alessi
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital “Gaetano Martino” of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Pandozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanata
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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8
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Wang Y, Wang F, Qin Y, Lou X, Ye Z, Zhang W, Gao H, Chen J, Xu X, Yu X, Ji S. Recent progress of experimental model in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: drawbacks and challenges. Endocrine 2023; 80:266-282. [PMID: 36648608 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine neoplasm, in general, refers to a heterogeneous group of all tumors originating from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are divided into two histopathological subtypes: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors account for more than 80% of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Due to the greater proportion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors compared to pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, this review will only focus on them. The worldwide incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is rising year by year due to sensitive detection with an emphasis on medical examinations and the improvement of testing technology. Although the biological behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors tends to be inert, distant metastasis is common, often occurring very early. Because of the paucity of basic research on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the mechanism of tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence are still unclear. In this context, the representative preclinical models simulating the tumor development process are becoming ever more widely appreciated to address the clinical problems of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. So far, there is no comprehensive report on the experimental model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This article systematically summarizes the characteristics of preclinical models, such as patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mouse models, and patient-derived organoids, and their advantages and disadvantages, to provide a reference for further studies of neuroendocrine tumors. We also highlight the method of establishment of liver metastasis mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heli Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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10
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Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Diagnosis, Tumor Grade and Prognosis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206191. [PMID: 36294509 PMCID: PMC9604855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Inflammatory cytokines represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in manifold cancers. Recent data suggest a pivotal role of these cytokines in different biological processes involved in the development of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, their role as biomarkers in NETs is only poorly understood. Methods: We analyzed serum concentrations of 13 inflammation-related cytokines at different time points in 43 patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic NETs (G1/G2) treated at Charité Berlin and compared them to 40 healthy controls. The results were correlated with clinical records. Results: Serum concentrations (Median (Interquartile Range (IQR)) in pg/mL) of IL-1β (124 (82) vs. 68 (61) pg/mL; p = 0.0003), IL-6 (111(122) vs. 88 (32) pg/mL; p = 0.0086), IL-8 (1058 (768) vs. 210 (90) pg/mL; p < 0.0001), IL-18 (2936 (1723) vs. 1590 (704) pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and TNF (271 (260) vs. 42 (25) pg/mL; p < 0.0001) were significantly elevated in NET patients, whereas IL-10 (43 (44) vs. 105 (48) pg/mL; p < 0.0001) showed lower concentrations in NETs when compared to controls. Cytokine levels significantly correlated with tumor grade (IL-6; p = 0.0070), prevalence of distant metastasis (IL-18; p = 0.0313), and disease progression over time (IL-10; p = 0.0033) but not tumor location. Chromogranin A (CgA) and the NETest are currently used to monitor treatment response. A more accurate prediction could possibly be achieved by employing a subset of cytokines. Our data clearly warrants further functional investigation into the role of the immune response and cytokine release in NETs. Conclusion: A biologically plausible panel of cytokines might be added to the diagnostic and prognostic tools currently employed in patients with NETs. Combining different markers into a score would elevate diagnostic accuracy compared to single markers.
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11
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Rafique Z, Qasim A, Zafar A, Ali S, Chughtai AS, Atiq A. Clinicopathological Features of Neuroendocrine Tumors in Gastroenteropancreatic Tract: A Single Center Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27384. [PMID: 36046310 PMCID: PMC9419021 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying biological, functional, and clinical characteristics that develop from the gastroenteropancreatic tract's diffuse neuroendocrine system. The objective of this study is to determine the clinicopathological features of GEP-NETs at our facility. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of 87 biopsies and resection specimens from January 2020 to January 2022 was performed. The histopathological reports as well as patient's demographic and clinic pathological data were obtained. Two pathologists with a special interest in gastroenteropancreatic pathology blindly reviewed all cases. The tumor grade and stage were determined using the WHO classification (2019) and the AJCC TNM system (8th edition). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of the total 87 patients, 49 (56.3%) were male. The age range was 11 to 80 years, with a mean of 45.7±16.4 and the majority (56.3%) were under 50 years. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (55.2%). The most common site of GEP-NETs was the appendix (21.8%), followed by the ileum (18.4%), with the majority of tumors being non-functional (96.5%). Furthermore, neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grade 1 accounts for 62% of the total, followed by NET grade 2 (24.1%), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NET) grade 3 (10.3%), and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MINENs) (3.5%). Synaptophysin was found to be positive in 83.9% cases while Chromogranin A was positive in 39.1%. A pathologic tumor (pT) stage was determined in 47 resection specimens in our study and the most common stage was pT3 (36.1%). Nodal metastasis was found in 25.5% of patients. Conclusions: According to our study, appendix and ileum were the most common GEP-NETs sites. The tumor site and grade were shown to significantly correlate among the clinicopathological features but there was no discernible correlation between the tumor grade and the gender, age, or pathological tumor (pT) stage.
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12
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Establishment of Novel Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Receptor Peptide-Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081910. [PMID: 35454817 PMCID: PMC9033026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NENs) are a family of rare cancers with rising incidence in recent years. GEP NEN tumor cells are difficult to propagate, and few cellular and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are available for testing new therapies and studying the heterogeneous nature of these cancers. Here, we described the establishment and characterization of two novel NEC cellular and PDX models (NEC913 and NEC1452). NEC913 PDX tumors express somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), whereas NEC1452 PDX tumors are SSTR2 negative. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated how these PDX models can be used for peptide imaging experiments targeting SSTR2 using fluorescently labelled octreotide. The NEC913 and NEC1452 PDX lines represent valuable new tools for accelerating the process of drug discovery for GEP NENs. Abstract Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NENs) are rare cancers consisting of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which have been increasing in incidence in recent years. Few cell lines and pre-clinical models exist for studying GEP NECs and NETs, limiting the ability to discover novel imaging and treatment modalities. To address this gap, we isolated tumor cells from cryopreserved patient GEP NECs and NETs and injected them into the flanks of immunocompromised mice to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Two of six mice developed tumors (NEC913 and NEC1452). Over 80% of NEC913 and NEC1452 tumor cells stained positive for Ki67. NEC913 PDX tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin (SYP), and somatostatin receptor-2 (SSTR2), whereas NEC1452 PDX tumors did not express SSTR2. Exome sequencing revealed loss of TP53 and RB1 in both NEC tumors. To demonstrate an application of these novel NEC PDX models for SSTR2-targeted peptide imaging, the NEC913 and NEC1452 cells were bilaterally injected into mice. Near infrared-labelled octreotide was administered and the fluorescent signal was specifically observed for the NEC913 SSTR2 positive tumors. These 2 GEP NEC PDX models serve as a valuable resource for GEP NEN therapy testing.
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13
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Lou X, Ye Z, Xu X, Jiang M, Lu R, Jing D, Zhang W, Gao H, Wang F, Zhang Y, Chen X, Qin Y, Zhuo Q, Yu X, Ji S. Establishment and characterization of the third non-functional human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1248-1261. [PMID: 35394261 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) were still poorly understood, largely due to the lack of preclinical models of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Herein, we established and characterized SPNE1 cell lines from primary pancreatic NET tissue obtained from a 44-year-old female. Neuroendocrine character of SPNE1 was compared with existing non-functional cell lines BON1 and QGP1, and the results indicated expressions of multiple NET-specific markers in SPNE1 were higher relative to BON1 and QGP1. The growth character measured by Ki67 labeling index, cell cycle analysis, and 3D matrigel spheroid essay indicated that the proliferative rate of SPNE1 was lower than that of BON1 and QGP1. SPNE1 also was characterized with cancer stemness because of the higher proportion of CD44 + and CD117 + subpopulations relative to BON1, whereas it was similar to that of QGP1. Interestingly, SPNE1 highly expressed somatostatin receptors (SSTR2 and SSTR5) and angiogenic factors (VEGF1). SPNE1 had sensitive response to the four clinical treatments including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), mTOR inhibitors, somatostatin analogs (SSA), chemotherapy, which was similar to the BON1 and QGP1. Subcutaneous transplantations of SPNE1 also present the tumorigenicity, and neuroendocrine marker expression of xenograft tumors resembled the original human NET tissue. Then, we found a total of 8 common mutation in BON1, QGP1 and SPNE1 included CROCC, FAM135A, GPATCH4, CTBP2, FBXL14, HERC2, HYDIN, and PABPC3 using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and more neuroendocrine-related functional processes were enriched based on the private mutation genes in SPNE1, such as neuron migration, insulin secretion, and neuron to neuron synapse. In brief, SPNE1 could be used as a relevant model to study pancreatic NET biology and to develop novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lou
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minglei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Desheng Jing
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heli Gao
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Doornebal EJ, Harris N, Riva A, Jagatia R, Pizanias M, Prachalias A, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Zen Y, Orford MR, Eaton S, Heaton N, Ramage J, Palma E, Srirajaskanthan R, Chokshi S. Human Immunocompetent Model of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases Recapitulates Patient-Specific Tumour Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:909180. [PMID: 35909511 PMCID: PMC9326114 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine liver metastases (LM-NEN) develop in a considerable proportion of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. There is a paucity of experimental models that accurately recapitulate this complex metastatic human liver microenvironment precluding scientific and clinical advancements. Here, we describe the development of a novel personalised immunocompetent precision cut tumour slice (PCTS) model for LM-NEN using resected human liver tissue. The histological assessment throughout the culture demonstrated that slices maintain viability for at least 7 days and retain the cellular heterogeneity of the original tumour. Essential clinical features, such as patient-specific histoarchitecture, tumour grade, neuroendocrine differentiation and metabolic capacity, are preserved in the slices. The PCTS also replicate the tumor-specific immunological profile as shown by the innate and adaptive immunity markers analysis. Furthermore, the study of soluble immune checkpoint receptors in the culture supernatants proves that these immunomodulators are actively produced by LM-NEN and suggests that this process is epithelium-dependent. This model can be employed to investigate these pathways and provides a powerful platform for mechanistic, immunological and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Jan Doornebal
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Harris
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Jagatia
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michail Pizanias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Robert Orford
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ramage
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
| | - Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
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