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Dias M, Shaida Z, Haloob N, Hopkins C. Recovery rates and long-term olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 infection. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 10:121-128. [PMID: 38855291 PMCID: PMC11156684 DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most recognized symptoms of COVID-19, significantly impacting quality of life, particularly in cases where recovery is prolonged. This review aims to explore patterns of olfactory recovery post-COVID-19 infection, with particular focus on delayed recovery. Data Sources Published literature in the English language, including senior author's own work, online and social media platforms, and patients' anecdotal reports. Method A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken by the authors with guidance from the senior author with expertise in the field of olfaction. Results Based on self-report, an estimated 95% of patients recover their olfactory function within 6 months post-COVID-19 infection. However, psychophysical testing detects higher rates of persistent olfactory dysfunction. Recovery has been found to continue for at least 2 years postinfection; negative prognostic indicators include severe olfactory loss in the acute phase, female sex, and older age. Variability in quantitative and qualitative disturbance in prolonged cases likely reflects both peripheral and central pathophysiological mechanisms. Limitations of many of the reviewed studies reflect lack of psychophysical testing and baseline olfactory assessment. Conclusions Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction remains a significant health and psychosocial burden. Emerging evidence is improving awareness and knowledge among clinicians to better support patients through their olfactory rehabilitation, with hope of recovery after several months or years. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of delayed recovery, identify at risk individuals earlier in the disease course, and develop therapeutic targets.
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Yonezawa N, Mori E, Tei M, Sekine R, Nagai M, Tsurumoto Y, Tanaka H, Otori N. Characteristics of higher depressive tendency in the patients with olfactory disorder. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08612-1. [PMID: 38584218 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most patients with olfactory dysfunction experience stress and anxiety because of the inconvenience and changes caused by the loss of olfaction. However, psychological assessment is not performed routinely in patients with olfactory dysfunction, and the characteristics of these patients with psychological depression are unclear. METHODS In this study, we used the Self-rating Depression Scale to evaluate the degree of depression in patients who visited our clinic with olfactory dysfunction and examine the characteristics of these patients with strong depressive tendencies. Patients who visited our clinic between April 2019 and March 2020 with complaints of olfactory dysfunction were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 180 patients (79 male and 101 female) underwent olfactory examination and completed the Self-rating Depression Scale. Eighty-six and 94 patients were included in the low depression and high depression groups, respectively. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed significant positive associations of Self-rating Depression Scale scores with female sex and the presence of parosmia/phantosmia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, approximately half of the patients with olfactory dysfunction had depressive tendencies especially in female and parosmia/phantosmia patients. We believe that psychological assessments, such as that with the SDS, can help identify patients with olfactory dysfunction who may be at a greater risk of developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagomi Yonezawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Jikei University Hospital, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Tei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Sekine
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Monami Nagai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsurumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Otori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu J, Sun SJ, Lu Y, Ping X, Zhang W, Pei L. Taste dysfunction as a predictor of depression in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300935. [PMID: 38517844 PMCID: PMC10959346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression among patients with schizophrenia, to achieve early detection of depression in clinical practice. METHODS Following PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive literature search was conducted globally, covering papers published from 1961 to June 2023. A total of 17 manuscripts were selected through meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis after examining available materials from seven databases to determine the correlation between depression and taste dysfunction. RESULTS The comparison of the 17 selected manuscripts revealed that individuals with gustatory dysfunction may be more likely to experience depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.93, p = 0.02). Depression is associated with taste dysfunction in certain aspects, as indicated by the pleasantness ratings of sucrose solutions (SMD, -0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.11 to 0.05, p = 0.08), gustatory identification ability (SMD, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.89, p = 0.04), and the perception threshold of sweet taste (MD, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.81, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Due to variations in the methods, designs, and selection criteria employed in the included studies, it is necessary to establish a feasible framework. Future research using detailed and targeted approaches can provide clearer and more unified conclusions on the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression. Moreover, further high-quality research is needed to obtain clearer conclusions and explore the potential of taste dysfunction as an effective tool for early screening of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION This review has been registered in the PROSPERO on April 2022 with the identifier CRD42023400172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shu-Jie Sun
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Ping
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pei
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Kalam S, Numbers K, Lipnicki DM, Lam BCP, Brodaty H, Reppermund S. The combination of olfactory dysfunction and depression increases the risk of incident dementia in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:130-141. [PMID: 37264675 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory dysfunction and depression are common in later life, and both have been presented as risk factors for dementia. Our purpose was to investigate the associations between these two risk factors and determine if they had an additive effect on dementia risk. DESIGN Olfactory function was assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), and depression was classified using a combination of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and current antidepressant use. Cross-sectional associations between depression and olfactory function were examined using correlations. Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between olfaction and depression and incident dementia across 12-years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 780 older adults (aged 70-90 years; 56.5% female) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) without a diagnosis of dementia at baseline. RESULTS Partial correlation revealed a nonsignificant association between baseline depression and olfactory function after accounting for covariates (r = -.051, p = .173). Cox regression showed that depression at baseline (hazard ratio = 1.706, 95% CI 1.185-2.456, p = .004) and lower BSIT scores (HR = .845, 95%CI .789-.905, p < .001) were independently associated with a higher risk of incident dementia across 12 years. Entering both predictors together improved the overall predictive power of the model. CONCLUSIONS Lower olfactory identification scores and depressive symptoms predict incident dementia over 12 years. The use of BSIT scores and depression in conjunction provides a greater ability to predict dementia than either used alone. Assessment of olfactory function and depression screening may provide clinical utility in the early detection of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Kalam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katya Numbers
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren M Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Naciri LC, Mastinu M, Melis M, Green T, Wolf A, Hummel T, Barbarossa IT. A supervised learning regression method for the analysis of oral sensitivity of healthy individuals and patients with chemosensory loss. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17581. [PMID: 37845345 PMCID: PMC10579260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gustatory, olfactory, and trigeminal systems are anatomically separated. However, they interact cognitively to give rise to oral perception, which can significantly affect health and quality of life. We built a Supervised Learning (SL) regression model that, exploiting participants' features, was capable of automatically analyzing with high precision the self-ratings of oral sensitivity of healthy participants and patients with chemosensory loss, determining the contribution of its components: gustatory, olfactory, and trigeminal. CatBoost regressor provided predicted values of the self-rated oral sensitivity close to experimental values. Patients showed lower predicted values of oral sensitivity, lower scores for measured taste, spiciness, astringency, and smell sensitivity, higher BMI, and lower levels of well-being. CatBoost regressor defined the impact of the single components of oral perception in the two groups. The trigeminal component was the most significant, though astringency and spiciness provided similar contributions in controls, while astringency was most important in patients. Taste was more important in controls while smell was the least important in both groups. Identifying the significance of the oral perception components and the differences between the two groups provide important information to allow for more targeted examinations supporting both patients and healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Chaimae Naciri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Mariano Mastinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Tomer Green
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anne Wolf
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Sabiniewicz A, Hummel T. Mood Impairment in Patients with Olfactory Loss Predicts a More Pronounced Recovery of Olfactory Function. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 86:13-15. [PMID: 37844552 DOI: 10.1159/000533629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we refer to our publication "Symptoms of depression change with olfactory function" [Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 5;12(1):5656]. OBJECTIVES Depression decreases with olfactory improvement, but the question remains open of whether patients who indicate more suffering regarding mood impairment exhibit a different pattern of recovery from olfactory loss compared to those who suffer less. METHOD In the course of an additional investigation of our previously published dataset, we established groups of participants (N = 171) with low (≤8 points on a depression [ADSL] scale; 47%; n = 45) and high (≥14 points on ADSL scale; 53%; n = 53) mood impairment. RESULTS We found that the group that reported more sufferance on a depression [ADSL] scale improved more in change of olfactory function, and, more importantly, odor discrimination change over a period of an average of 11 months. CONCLUSION Patients, who suffered more, as indicated by higher scores on ADSL scale, may have been more willing to commit to the study protocol, and thus their improvement was more notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Interdisciplinary Center Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Dal Bò E, Natali L, Gentili C, Cecchetto C. Low odor awareness predicts reduced olfactory abilities in women with depressive symptoms, but not with anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:171-179. [PMID: 37290528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory disorders and affective symptoms are tightly related. However, the factors underlying this association are not yet understood. One candidate factor is "odor awareness": the degree of attention individuals pays to the odors. However, the association between odor awareness and olfactory abilities in individuals with affective symptoms has not been clarified yet. METHOD The present study examined whether odor awareness may moderate (a) the relation between olfactory dysfunctions and depressive and anxiety symptoms; (b) the relation between the perceptual ratings of the odors and depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of healthy women (n = 214). Self-report measures of depression and anxiety were collected, whereas the Sniffin' Stick test was employed to measure olfactory abilities. RESULTS Linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with higher depressive symptoms presented lower olfactory abilities and that odor awareness was a significant moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and olfactory abilities. Anxiety symptoms were not related to any of the olfactory abilities considered, and this relationship did not change according to odor awareness. The familiarity rating of the odor was significantly predicted by odor awareness. These results were confirmed by Bayesian statistics. LIMITATIONS The sample was composed only of women. CONCLUSIONS In a healthy population of women, only the presence of depressive symptoms is related to reduced olfactory performance. Odor awareness may be implicated in the development and maintenance of olfactory dysfunction; hence it could be used as a useful target for specific treatments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dal Bò
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Natali
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), Via Belzoni, 84, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy; Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), Via Belzoni, 84, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Mattos JL, Hasan S, Schlosser RJ, Payne SC, Soler ZM. The association of gustatory dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, and cognition in older adults. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1577-1583. [PMID: 36562185 PMCID: PMC10412899 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of gustatory dysfunction (GD) with quality of life (QOL) and cognition in older adults is understudied. Our objective was to study the prevalence of GD in the community and explore impacts and associated factors. METHODS A prospective, multi-institutional, pre-corona virus disease (COVID) cohort of adults aged 50 years and older had smell and taste testing using "Sniffin' Sticks" (TDI) and "Taste Strips." The impact of GD on mood, QOL, and social interaction was assessed through visual analog scales. Subjects completed the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the DeJong scale of loneliness. RESULTS A total of 48 patients, average age of 54.7 years, were enrolled. Thirty-two percent experienced GD on taste strips, and 62% experienced olfactory dysfunction (OD) on TDI. Almost 30% (29.5%) had both GD and OD. GD and OD correlated with worsened cognitive function on MMSE (r = 0.392 and 0.05, p = 0.018 and 0.003). Subjects with both GD and OD had worse MMSE than either alone (p = 0.003). Dry mouth and difficult chewing correlated with GD (r = -0.37 and -0.31, p = 0.10 and 0.37). Self-reported GD and OD were correlated (r = 0.46, p = 0.001), as were psychophysical GD and OD (r = 0.394, p = 0.008). GD did not correlate with other metrics. CONCLUSION Thirty-two percent of subjects experienced GD on psychophysical testing, yet most are unaware without impacts on daily life. However, GD correlates with worsened cognitive function. Taste testing may play a role in screening of neurocognitive decline, and multisensory dysfunction may indicate of worsened cognitive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Shahzeb Hasan
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Spencer C. Payne
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Naciri LC, Mastinu M, Melis M, Green T, Wolf A, Hummel T, Tomassini Barbarossa I. A Supervised Learning Regression Method for the Analysis of the Taste Functions of Healthy Controls and Patients with Chemosensory Loss. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2133. [PMID: 37626630 PMCID: PMC10452470 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy humans, taste sensitivity varies widely, influencing food selection and nutritional status. Chemosensory loss has been associated with numerous pathological disorders and pharmacological interventions. Reliable psychophysical methods are crucial for analyzing the taste function during routine clinical assessment. However, in the daily clinical routine, they are often considered too time-consuming. We used a supervised learning (SL) regression method to analyze with high precision the overall taste statuses of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with chemosensory loss, and to characterize the combination of responses that would best predict the overall taste statuses of the subjects in the two groups. The random forest regressor model allowed us to achieve our objective. The analysis of the order of importance of each parameter and their impact on the prediction of the overall taste statuses of the subjects in the two groups showed that salty (low-concentration) and sour (high-concentration) stimuli specifically characterized healthy subjects, while bitter (high-concentration) and astringent (high-concentration) stimuli identified patients with chemosensory loss. Although the present results require confirmation in studies with larger samples, the identification of such distinctions should be of interest to the health system because they may justify the use of specific stimuli during the routine clinical assessments of taste function and thereby reduce time and cost commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Chaimae Naciri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (L.C.N.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariano Mastinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (L.C.N.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (L.C.N.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Tomer Green
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Anne Wolf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Iole Tomassini Barbarossa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (L.C.N.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
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10
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Joshi A, Hornstein H, Thaploo D, Faria V, Warr J, Hummel T. Neural Processing of Odors with Different Well-Being Associations—Findings from Two Consecutive Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040576. [PMID: 37190541 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) through two large independent datasets. The study encompassed pre-testing and fMRI. During pre-testing, 100 and 80 (studies 1 and 2) young, healthy subjects participated, rating intensity, valence, and WB association for 14 (study 1) and 8 (study 2) different odors. Pre-testing resulted in the selection of two odors with high WB association (WB-associated) and two odors with lower WB association (neutral odors) for each study. Odors were delivered intranasally to the subjects who underwent fMRI scanning (44 and 41 subjects, respectively, for studies 1 and 2). We assessed brain activity for subjects when they experienced WB-associated versus neutral odors. In study 1, WB-associated odors showed increased activation in the right angular gyrus whereas in study 2, increased activity in the left angular gyrus existed, together with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior orbitofrontal cortex. The increased activity of higher-order cognitive and emotional regions during the processing of WB-associated odors in the two independent studies suggests a role of odors in influencing individual well-being. Moreover, the consistent activation of the angular gyrus might suggest its key role in shifting attention toward relevant emotional stimuli.
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11
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Garden EM, Kumaresan K, Clark A, Philpott CM. Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality-of-life impact. Clin Otolaryngol 2023; 48:206-212. [PMID: 36537763 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score according to Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) severity. METHODS In this prospective study, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was created, which combined EQ-5D-5L, BDI and ODQ. Correlation was calculated between the three questionnaires. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to produce cut-off values for ODQ scores based on three BDI categories (mild, borderline clinical and moderate-to-severe depression). RESULTS Of the 578 who responded to the survey, 445 completed all sections and were included in the study. Majority were female (n = 327,73.5%), median age group 55-70 years (n = 193,43.4%). There was a strong correlation between BDI score and total ODQ score. There was a clear gradient in total ODQ score for each BDI classification; those with mild depression had the lowest mean ODQ score (101.8, range 39-168), those with moderate-to-severe depression had the highest (138.24, range 74-177). Due to overlapping of confidence intervals we were unable to grade the ODQ score. CONCLUSION The study was unable to generate reference values for the ODQ due to lower numbers of patients with borderline clinical to extreme depression. However, we were able to appreciate the general trend, that the higher the ODQ score, the higher the risk of depression. These findings should guide clinical practice to ensure appropriate care and support is provided for those with olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mairenn Garden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kala Kumaresan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Carl Martin Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, UK.,Fifth Sense, Barrow-in-Furness, UK
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12
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Agarwal K, Luk JW, Manza P, McDuffie C, To L, Jaime-Lara RB, Stangl BL, Schwandt ML, Momenan R, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA, Joseph PV. Chemosensory Alterations and Impact on Quality of Life in Persistent Alcohol Drinkers. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 58:84-92. [PMID: 36208183 PMCID: PMC9619625 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption-associated chemosensory dysfunction is understudied, and early detection can help predict disease-associated comorbidities, especially those related to four quality of life (QOL) domains (physical, psychological, social and environment). We examined self-reports of chemosensory ability of individuals with different alcohol drinking behaviors and their association with changes in QOL domains. METHODS Participants (n = 466) were recruited between June 2020 and September 2021 into the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to categorize participants without any known COVID-19 infection into three groups (non-drinkers, moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers) based on their Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption scores at four different time points (at enrollment, week 4, week 8 and week 12). Linear mixed models were used to examine chemosensory differences between these groups. The associations between chemosensory abilities and QOL were determined in each group. RESULTS We observed significant impairment in self-reported smell ability of heavy drinking individuals compared to non-drinkers. In contrast, taste ability showed marginal impairment between these groups. There were no significant differences in smell and taste abilities between the moderate and non-drinking groups. Heavy drinkers' impairment in smell and taste abilities was significantly associated with deterioration in their physical, psychological, social and environmental QOL. CONCLUSION Persistent heavy drinking was associated with lower chemosensory ability. Heavy drinkers' reduced smell and taste function and association with poorer QOL indicate that early assessment of chemosensory changes may be crucial in identifying poorer well-being outcomes in heavy drinkers at risk for alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian McDuffie
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leann To
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosario B Jaime-Lara
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Corresponding author: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60 Rm 270, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail:
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Walker
- General Surgery, St George's Hospital, Tooting SW17 0QT, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London SE1 9RT, UK
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14
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Bolger WE, Lockett E, Bolger IM. Anosmia following middle nasal concha resection: an anatomic and developmental review with clinical correlation. Clin Anat 2022; 35:873-882. [PMID: 35417061 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Losing the sense of smell can be associated with a significant decrease in quality of life. Fortunately, this occurs infrequently with modern paranasal sinus surgery that has stressed minimally invasive, tissue-sparing principles. However, over time, more extensive surgical applications have emerged that incorporate increased tissue removal. Post-operative period sequelae can occur, including anosmia. Understanding the potential implications of expanded tissue removal, such as middle nasal concha (turbinate) resection, is clinically important and is facilitated by an understanding of anatomy. Our understanding of anatomic nuances is enhanced through an appreciation of embryonic and fetal development. We herein review the developmental anatomy of the middle nasal concha of the ethmoid sinus and olfactory nerve area as it relates to middle nasal concha removal during endoscopic sinus surgery. We present images from our analysis of twelve embryonic and fetal specimens that highlight the important relationship between the middle nasal concha and olfactory nerves. We also review the clinical issues surrounding turbinate preservation versus resection and present a clinical correlation to underscore the uncommon but significant complication of anosmia following sinus surgery with middle nasal concha resection. We highlight knowledge gaps, discuss case selection and review surgical technique modifications for middle nasal concha surgery to reduce the chance of this complication in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Bolger
- Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Florida, School of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Elizabeth Lockett
- Collections Manager Human Developmental Anatomy Center, National Museum of Health and Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Ian M Bolger
- Neuroscience Program, College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology
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15
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Liu DT, Prem B, Sharma G, Kaiser J, Besser G, Mueller CA. Depression Symptoms and Olfactory-related Quality of Life. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:1829-1834. [PMID: 35353380 PMCID: PMC9544892 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) frequently report symptoms of depression. The objective of this study was to determine how clinical characteristics and olfactory‐related quality of life (QoL) measures associate with the likelihood for major depressive disorders (MDDs). Methods A total of 192 OD patients were included. Olfactory function was measured using all three subtests of the Sniffn' Sticks test. Olfactory‐related quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the Questionnaires of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD)‐negative (NS) and ‐positive statement (PS). The likelihood for MDD was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2). Demographics and disease‐specific variables (etiology and duration of OD) were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to associate disease‐specific variables and the QOD with the outcome of the PHQ‐2. Additionally, the predictive ability of the QOD‐NS to predict depressive symptoms was calculated. Results In univariate analysis, COVID‐19 related smell loss, the QOD‐NS, and the QOD‐PS were significantly associated with the PHQ‐2. In multivariable analyses adjusting for QoL measures, the QOD‐NS (ß = 0.532, p < 0.001) and sinonasal OD (compared with postinfectious OD) were significantly associated with the PHQ‐2 (ß = 0.146, p = 0.047). When omitting QoL measures from multivariable analyses, only COVID‐19 related OD (compared with postinfectious OD) was significantly associated with the PHQ‐2 (ß = 0.287, p = 0.009). A QOD‐NS score > 20.5 had 70.13% sensitivity and 76.32% specificity for detecting symptoms of depression. Conclusion Our results suggest that COVID‐19 related OD might be associated with a higher likelihood for MDD. Furthermore, we showed that the QOD‐NS score might be helpful to predict symptoms of depression in OD patients. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 132:1829–1834, 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Prem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kaiser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerold Besser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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