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Vaishnavi Nalla S, Jayapradha P, Lalruatmawii, Nandheeswari K, Naxine P, Vigneshwaran G, Rohilla G, Dubey I, Kushwaha S. Irisin as an emerging target in the regulation of reproductive functions in health and disease. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114529. [PMID: 38643847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are highly conserved in the gonads, nurtured to either develop into a gamete or self-renew into a stem cell reserve. Preserving the germ cell pool and protecting the reproductive organs is essential for maintaining an individual's fertility. Several factors, including a sedentary lifestyle, pollutants, hormonal disruption, drugs, and a disease condition, have been shown to impair normal reproductive function. Irisin has recently been identified as an adipomyokine involved in modulating physiological functions based on the body's metabolic status. It is being studied for its role in various functions, including fertility. Findings show the localization of irisin in various parts of the reproductive axis, with the highest levels observed during puberty and pregnancy. This raises questions about its role and function in reproduction. Studies support irisin's role in protecting against disease-induced reproductive abnormalities and infertility. Therefore, the current review focuses on how irisin influences spermatogenesis and ovarian follicular development and plays a significant role in indirectly preserving the germ cell pool by protecting the gonads against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Vaishnavi Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - P Jayapradha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Lalruatmawii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - K Nandheeswari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Pratik Naxine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - G Vigneshwaran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Gaurav Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Itishree Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India.
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Zhang YJ, Huang C, Zu XG, Liu JM, Li YJ. Use of Machine Learning for the Identification and Validation of Immunogenic Cell Death Biomarkers and Immunophenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:223-249. [PMID: 38229693 PMCID: PMC10790656 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is part of the immune system's response to coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we bioinformatically evaluated the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of immunogenic cell death-related genes (IRGs) and their relationship with immune infiltration features in CAD. Methods We acquired the CAD-related datasets GSE12288, GSE71226, and GSE120521 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the IRGs from the GeneCards database. After identifying the immune cell death-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs), we developed a risk model and detected immune subtypes in CAD. IRDEGs were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Using a nomogram, we confirmed that both the LASSO model and ICD signature genes had good diagnostic performance. Results There was a high degree of coincidence and immune representativeness between two CAD groups based on characteristic genes and hub genes. Hub genes were associated with the interaction of neuroactive ligands with receptors and cell adhesion receptors. The two groups differed in terms of adipogenesis, allograft rejection, and apoptosis, as well as the ICD signature and hub gene expression levels. The two CAD-ICD subtypes differed in terms of immune infiltration. Conclusion Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) correlated CAD with the expression of OAS3, ITGAV, and PIBF1. The ICD signature genes are candidate biomarkers and reference standards for immune grouping in CAD and can be beneficial in precise immune-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-guang Zu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
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Saad M, Mehawej C, Faour WH. Analysis of G-quadruplex forming sequences in podocytes-marker genes and their potential roles in inherited glomerular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20233. [PMID: 37809648 PMCID: PMC10559976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic Syndrome is the most widespread pediatric kidney disorder. Genetic alterations in podocyte genes are thought to be responsible for the disease. G-quadruplexes are non-conventional guanine-rich DNA and RNA structures, which are commonly found in regulatory regions. This study examined the potential G-quadruplexes forming sequences in the promoters and gene bodies of podocyte-marker genes. High G-quadruplexes density was found in the vascular endothelial growth facto, cluster of differentiation-151, integrin subunit beta-4, metalloendopeptidase, Wilms tumor-1, integrin subunit beta-3, synaptopodin, and nephrin promoters. Vascular endothelial growth facto, cluster of differentiation-151 and integrin subunit beta-4 had the highest G-quadruplexes density in their gene bodies and promoters. Additionally, highly stable G-quadruplexes forming sequences were identified within all podocyte-marker genes. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that Wilms tumor-1 is capable of controlling the transcription of podocalyxin by binding to two possible G-quadruplexes forming motifs. We next analyzed the most frequently reported genetic mutations in the selected genes for their effect on DNA G-quadruplexes formation, and the thermodynamic stability of predicted RNA G-quadruplexes, using RNAfold. Importantly, the missense mutation c.121_122del in the nephrin gene reported in patients with NS type 1 affected DNA G-quadruplexes formation in this region as well as the thermodynamic stability of the corresponding RNA G-quadruplexes. Overall, we report the potential regulatory roles of G-quadruplexes in the etiology of nephrotic syndrome and their possible use as drug targets to treat kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saad
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Zhu H, Liu D, Sui M, Zhou M, Wang B, Qi Q, Wang T, Zhang G, Wan F, Zhang B. CRISPRa-based activation of Fgf21 and Fndc5 ameliorates obesity by promoting adipocytes browning. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1326. [PMID: 37462619 PMCID: PMC10353577 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle-secreted myokines widely participate in lipids metabolism through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions. The myokines represented by FGF21 and Irisin can promote the browning of adipocytes and serve as promising targets for treating obesity. Although recombinant myokines replacement therapy and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-based myokines overexpression have shown a definite effect in ameliorating obesity, novel myokine activation strategies with higher efficacy and safety are still in pressing need. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy in obesity treatments. METHODS In this study, we used lentivirus and a single AAV vector containing dCas9-VP64 with a single-guide RNA to selectively activate Fgf21 and Fndc5 expression in skeletal muscles both in vitro and in vivo. The activation efficacy of the CRISPRa system was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. The treatment effect of CRISPR-based myokines activation was tested in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (male C57BL/6 mice, induced at 6-week-old for 10 weeks). RESULTS The virus upregulates myokines expression in both mRNA and protein levels of muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Myokines secreted by muscle cells promoted browning of 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes. In vivo activation of myokines by AAVs can reduce body weight and fat mass, increase the adipocytes browning and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy that can ameliorate obesity by promoting adipocytes browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinqin Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Slate-Romano JJ, Yano N, Zhao TC. Irisin reduces inflammatory signaling pathways in inflammation-mediated metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111676. [PMID: 35569582 PMCID: PMC10084474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise induced myokine first shown to induce the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) which increases energy expenditure, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces insulin resistance. Among irisin's involvement in lipid homeostasis, osteoblast proliferation, and muscle growth, it also acts as a mediator of many inflammatory pathways throughout the body. This review aims to describe the role of irisin in inflammatory processes and understand how targeting irisin can alter the inflammatory response in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mechanisms involved in irisin's anti-inflammatory functions include reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing macrophage proliferation, inducing alternatively activated (M2-type) macrophage polarization, inhibiting pathways of increased vascular permeability, and preventing the formation of inflammasomes. While there are some contradictory results, most studies found reduced levels of irisin in MetS and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin treatment of cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli ameliorates the inflammatory response and promotes cellular viability. Numerous methods have been studied to increase plasma irisin levels including dietary, behavioral, and pharmaceutical. Further investigation is necessary to understand how irisin can be targeted for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Slate-Romano
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University School of Medicine, 222 Richmond St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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