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Xu S, Chen Y, Gong Y. Improvement of Theaflavins on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus. Foods 2024; 13:1763. [PMID: 38890991 PMCID: PMC11171799 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, disordered glucose and lipid metabolisms precipitate diverse complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, contributing to a rising global mortality rate. Theaflavins (TFs) can improve disorders of glycolipid metabolism in diabetic patients and reduce various types of damage, including glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and other associated secondary adverse effects. TFs exert effects to lower blood glucose and lipids levels, partly by regulating digestive enzyme activities, activation of OATP-MCT pathway and increasing secretion of incretins such as GIP. By the Ca2+-CaMKK ꞵ-AMPK and PI3K-AKT pathway, TFs promote glucose utilization and inhibit endogenous glucose production. Along with the regulation of energy metabolism by AMPK-SIRT1 pathway, TFs enhance fatty acids oxidation and reduce de novo lipogenesis. As such, the administration of TFs holds significant promise for both the prevention and amelioration of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Arwood ML, Sun IH, Patel CH, Sun IM, Oh MH, Bettencourt IA, Claiborne MD, Chan-Li Y, Zhao L, Waickman AT, Mavrothalassitis O, Wen J, Aja S, Powell JD. Serendipitous Discovery of T Cell-Produced KLK1b22 as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:493-507. [PMID: 37358498 PMCID: PMC10580127 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin's role in T cell differentiation, we generated mice in which Rheb is selectively deleted in T cells (T-Rheb-/- C57BL/6J background). During these studies, we noted that T-Rheb-/- mice were consistently heavier but had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as a marked increase in beige fat. Microarray analysis of Rheb-/- T cells revealed a marked increase in expression of kallikrein 1-related peptidase b22 (Klk1b22). Overexpression of KLK1b22 in vitro enhanced insulin receptor signaling, and systemic overexpression of KLK1b22 in C57BL/6J mice also enhances glucose tolerance. Although KLK1B22 expression was markedly elevated in the T-Rheb-/- T cells, we never observed any expression in wild-type T cells. Interestingly, in querying the mouse Immunologic Genome Project, we found that Klk1b22 expression was also increased in wild-type 129S1/SVLMJ and C3HEJ mice. Indeed, both strains of mice demonstrate exceptionally improved glucose tolerance. This prompted us to employ CRISPR-mediated knockout of KLK1b22 in 129S1/SVLMJ mice, which in fact led to reduced glucose tolerance. Overall, our studies reveal (to our knowledge) a novel role for KLK1b22 in regulating systemic metabolism and demonstrate the ability of T cell-derived KLK1b22 to regulate systemic metabolism. Notably, however, further studies have revealed that this is a serendipitous finding unrelated to Rheb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Arwood
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Hong Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chirag H. Patel
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Meng Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ian A. Bettencourt
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael D. Claiborne
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liang Zhao
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam T. Waickman
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Orestes Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Al-Dubayee M, Babiker A, Alkewaibeen A, Alkhalifah A, Alanazi T, Nogoud M, Alotaibi A, Alotaibi F, Almetairi F, Alrowaily MA, Masuadi E, Nasr A. Correlation analysis between cytokines' profile, autoimmune antibodies and the duration of type 1 diabetes: A case control study in a specialized children's centre in Riyadh. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231209821. [PMID: 37953627 PMCID: PMC10644762 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231209821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cytokines in children with T1D living in Saudi Arabia and their correlation with disease duration and autoimmune antibody markers. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in the endocrine clinic of King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital in Riyadh. A total of 274 T1D and healthy control children were enrolled in the study. 5 mL of venous blood samples were collected in the morning after 9 to 12 h of fasting in BD Vacutainer® EDTA tubes and centrifuged at 250g for 15 min at. Plasma was then stored at -20°C for detection of anti-islet, anti-GAD antibodies (Abs), and C-peptide using commercial ELISA kits from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The levels of cytokines were measured using commercial sandwich ELISA kits from Abcam. RESULTS Median differences in cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, IL-21, IL-35, and IL-37) were significantly higher in T1D patients compared with healthy controls (p-value < .001). Spearman's Rho correlation indicated that TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-21 correlated significantly with T1D Abs (p-value = .01). HbA1C correlated negatively with IL-35 and IL-37, and positively with IL-18 (p-value = .01). Linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in anti-glutamic acid antibodies (GAD) in patients with >3 years of T1D duration. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies remained positive at high levels in our patients over a 3-year duration of the disease and correlated with specific cytokines. The clear correlations with disease duration and profile of specific cytokines could be targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Babiker
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alkewaibeen
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alkhalifah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tammam Alanazi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysa Nogoud
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas Almetairi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alrowaily
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amre Nasr
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Singh PK, Chen Z, Horn K, Norris EH. Blocking domain 6 of high molecular weight kininogen to understand intrinsic clotting mechanisms. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12815. [PMID: 36254255 PMCID: PMC9561425 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contact system is initiated by factor (F) XII activation and the assembly of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) with either FXI or prekallikrein (PK) on a negatively charged surface. Overactivation of this system contributes to thrombosis and inflammation in numerous diseases. To develop effective therapeutics for contact system disorders, a detailed understanding of this pathway is needed. Methods We performed coagulation assays in normal human plasma and various factor‐deficient plasmas. To evaluate how HK‐mediated PK and FXI activation contributes to coagulation, we used an anti‐HK antibody to block access to domain 6 of HK, the region required for efficient activation of PK and FXI. Results FXI's binding to HK and its subsequent activation by activated FXII contributes to coagulation. We found that the 3E8 anti‐HK antibody can inhibit the binding of FXI or PK to HK, delaying clot formation in human plasma. Our data show that in the absence of FXI, however, PK can substitute for FXI in this process. Addition of activated FXI (FXIa) or activated PK (PKa) abolished the inhibitory effect of 3E8. Moreover, the requirement of HK in intrinsic coagulation can be largely bypassed by adding FXIa. Like FXIa, exogenous PKa shortened the clotting time in HK‐deficient plasma, which was not due to feedback activation of FXII. Conclusions This study improves our understanding of HK‐mediated coagulation and provides an explanation for the absence of bleeding in HK‐deficient individuals. 3E8 specifically prevented HK‐mediated FXI activation; therefore, it could be used to prevent contact activation‐mediated thrombosis without altering hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Zu‐Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Katharina Horn
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Wang JK, Li Y, Zhao XL, Liu YB, Tan J, Xing YY, Adi D, Wang YT, Fu ZY, Ma YT, Liu SM, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi XJ, Lu XY, Song BL, Luo J. Ablation of Plasma Prekallikrein Decreases LDL Cholesterol by Stabilizing LDL Receptor and Protects against Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2022; 145:675-687. [PMID: 35189703 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: High blood cholesterol accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis that is an asymptomatic process lasting for decades. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques induces thrombosis that results in myocardial infarction or stroke. Lowering cholesterol levels is beneficial for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) was used as the bait to identify its binding proteins in the plasma, and the coagulation factor prekallikrein (PK, encoded by the KLKB1 gene) was revealed. The correlation between serum PK protein content and lipid levels in young Chinese Han was then analyzed. To investigate the effects of PK ablation on LDLR and lipid levels in vivo, we genetically deleted Klkb1 in hamsters and heterozygous Ldlr knockout mice, as well as knocked Klkb1 down using adeno-associated virus-mediated shRNA in rats. The additive effect of PK and PCSK9 inhibition was evaluated as well. We also applied the anti-PK neutralizing antibody that blocked PK and LDLR interaction to mice. Mice lacking both PK and Apolipoprotein e (Klkb1-/-Apoe-/-) were generated to assess the role of PK in atherosclerosis. Results: PK directly bound LDLR and induced its lysosomal degradation. The serum PK concentrations positively correlated with LDL cholesterol levels in 198 young Chinese Han adults. Genetic depletion of Klkb1 increased hepatic LDLR and decreased circulating cholesterol in multiple rodent models. Inhibition of PCSK9 with Evolocumab further decreased plasma LDL cholesterol levels in Klkb1-deficient hamsters. The anti-PK neutralizing antibody could similarly lower plasma lipids through upregulating hepatic LDLR. Ablation of Klkb1 slowed down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice on Apoe-deficient background. Conclusions: PK regulates circulating cholesterol levels through binding to LDLR and inducing its lysosomal degradation. Ablation of PK stabilizes LDLR, decreases LDL cholesterol and prevents atherosclerotic plaque development. This study suggests that PK is a promising therapeutic target to treat ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kai Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ying Xing
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Shan Z, Nisar MF, Li M, Zhang C, Wan C(C. Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6256618. [PMID: 34804369 PMCID: PMC8601833 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health-promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Shan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mingxi Li
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Chunpeng (Craig) Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Jiang Y, Han J, Spencer P, Li Y, Vodovoz SJ, Ning MM, Liu N, Wang X, Dumont AS. Diabetes mellitus: A common comorbidity increasing hemorrhagic transformation after tPA thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Neroev VV, Chesnokova NB, Kost OA, Okhotsimskaya TD, Pavlenko TA, Beznos OV, Binevsky PV, Lisovskaya OA. [Bradykinin and angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and the prognosis of diabetic macular edema development (pilot study)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:13-19. [PMID: 34533010 DOI: 10.14341/probl12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a microvascular complication of diabetic retinopathy. One of the key roles in the pathogenesis of DME may belong to the components of rennin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems: bradykinin (Bk) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). PURPOSE To determine the Bk and ACE concentration and ACE activity in serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to estimate the significance of these parameters for the early diagnostic and prognosis of DMO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum was collected from the 2 groups of patients with II type diabetes. Group I (n=9) had DME, group II (n=27) had PDR without DME. Control group (n=14) consisted of adult volonteers without diabetes and ophthalmic diseases. Concentration of Bk and ACE was measured using ELISA kits, ACE activity was determined enzymatically with specific fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS Concentration of Bk in serum of patients without DME did not differ from one in controls (12,00 (9,70; 12,40) pg/ml) while all patients with DME had Bk level of 14,69 (13,68; 16,78) pg/ml that was significantly higher (p<0,01). In patients without DME ACE concentration (88,60 (77,30; 97,45) ng/ml) and ACE activity (6,8 (5,1;7,1) nmol/min·ml) were higher than normal (p<0,01) while in the case of DME concentration of ACE increased (77,36 (70,24; 86,29 ng/ml, p<0,01) and activity remained normal. The Bk/ACE concentrations ratio decreased in patients without DME and increased in those having DME. CONCLUSION Patients with DME have increased Bk concentration along with nearly normal ACE concentration that indicate predominance of Bk synthesis over its degradation that may lead to the DME development. The Bk/ACE ratio decrease in patients with uncomplicated PDR and increase significantly in ones with DME. It means that determination of Bk in serum of patients with PDR may be used for the prediction of DME development. The Bk/ACE concentrations ratio may be even more informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Neroev
- Helmholtz National Medical center of Eye Diseases
| | | | - O A Kost
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | | | - T A Pavlenko
- Helmholtz National Medical center of Eye Diseases
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical center of Eye Diseases
| | - P V Binevsky
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University
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9
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Li Z, Marcel N, Devkota S, Auradkar A, Hedrick SM, Gantz VM, Bier E. CopyCatchers are versatile active genetic elements that detect and quantify inter-homolog somatic gene conversion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2625. [PMID: 33976171 PMCID: PMC8113449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based active genetic elements, or gene-drives, copied via homology-directed repair (HDR) in the germline, are transmitted to progeny at super-Mendelian frequencies. Active genetic elements also can generate widespread somatic mutations, but the genetic basis for such phenotypes remains uncertain. It is generally assumed that such somatic mutations are generated by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), the predominant double stranded break repair pathway active in somatic cells. Here, we develop CopyCatcher systems in Drosophila to detect and quantify somatic gene conversion (SGC) events. CopyCatchers inserted into two independent genetic loci reveal unexpectedly high rates of SGC in the Drosophila eye and thoracic epidermis. Focused RNAi-based genetic screens identify several unanticipated loci altering SGC efficiency, one of which (c-MYC), when downregulated, promotes SGC mediated by both plasmid and homologous chromosome-templates in human HEK293T cells. Collectively, these studies suggest that CopyCatchers can serve as effective discovery platforms to inform potential gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Li
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nimi Marcel
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil Devkota
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ankush Auradkar
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valentino M Gantz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Becker AK, Auditore A, Pischetsrieder M, Messlinger K, Fleming T, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Reactive dicarbonyl compounds cause Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide release and synergize with inflammatory conditions in mouse skin and peritoneum. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6330-6343. [PMID: 32198181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasmas of diabetic or uremic patients and of those receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment have increased levels of the glucose-derived dicarbonyl metabolites like methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). The elevated dicarbonyl levels can contribute to the development of painful neuropathies. Here, we used stimulated immunoreactive Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (iCGRP) release as a measure of nociceptor activation, and we found that each dicarbonyl metabolite induces a concentration-, TRPA1-, and Ca2+-dependent iCGRP release. MGO, GO, and 3-DG were about equally potent in the millimolar range. We hypothesized that another dicarbonyl, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), which is present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions after heat sterilization, activates nociceptors. We also showed that at body temperatures 3,4-DGE is formed from 3-DG and that concentrations of 3,4-DGE in the micromolar range effectively induced iCGRP release from isolated murine skin. In a novel preparation of the isolated parietal peritoneum PD fluid or 3,4-DGE alone, at concentrations found in PD solutions, stimulated iCGRP release. We also tested whether inflammatory tissue conditions synergize with dicarbonyls to induce iCGRP release from isolated skin. Application of MGO together with bradykinin or prostaglandin E2 resulted in an overadditive effect on iCGRP release, whereas MGO applied at a pH of 5.2 resulted in reduced release, probably due to an MGO-mediated inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 receptors. These results indicate that several reactive dicarbonyls activate nociceptors and potentiate inflammatory mediators. Our findings underline the roles of dicarbonyls and TRPA1 receptors in causing pain during diabetes or renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Becker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Auditore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Zhang W, An R, Li Q, Sun L, Lai X, Chen R, Li D, Sun S. Theaflavin TF3 Relieves Hepatocyte Lipid Deposition through Activating an AMPK Signaling Pathway by targeting Plasma Kallikrein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2673-2683. [PMID: 32050765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the leading cause of chronic liver diseases throughout the world. The deficit of pharmacotherapy for NAFLD calls for an urgent need for a new drug discovery and lifestyle management. Black tea is the most popular and functional drink consumed worldwide. Its main bioactive constituent theaflavin helps to prevent obesity-a major risk factor for NAFLD. To find new targets for the development of effective and safe therapeutic drugs from natural plants for NAFLD, we found a theaflavin monomer theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3), which significantly reduced lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes, and directly bound and inhibited the activation of plasma kallikrein (PK), which was further proved to stimulate adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream targets. Taken together, we proposed that the TF3-PK-AMPK regulatory axis is a novel mechanism of lipid deposition mitigation, and PK could be a new target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ran An
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, P. R. China
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Xie Z, Li Z, Shao Y, Liao C. Discovery and development of plasma kallikrein inhibitors for multiple diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112137. [PMID: 32066009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasma kallikrein (PKal) belongs to the family of trypsin-like serine proteases. The expression of PKal is associated with multiple physiological systems or pathways such as coagulation pathway, platelet aggregation process, kallikrein-kinin system, renin-angiotensin system and complement pathway. On the basis of PKal's multiple physiological functions, it has been considered as a potential target for several diseases including hereditary angioedema, microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease. Up to now, many PKal inhibitors have been identified and a few of them have reached clinical trials or market. This review summarizes the development of small molecule and peptide PKal inhibitors having different scaffolds and discusses their structure-activity relationship and selectivity. We hope this review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the types of PKal inhibitors developed to tackle different manifestations of PKal-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Yanruisheng Shao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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13
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Schaefer M, Buchmueller A, Dittmer F, Straßburger J, Wilmen A. Allosteric Inhibition as a New Mode of Action for BAY 1213790, a Neutralizing Antibody Targeting the Activated Form of Coagulation Factor XI. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4817-4833. [PMID: 31655039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Factor XI (FXI), the zymogen of activated FXI (FXIa), is an attractive target for novel anticoagulants because FXI inhibition offers the potential to reduce thrombosis risk while minimizing the risk of bleeding. BAY 1213790, a novel anti-FXIa antibody, was generated using phage display technology. Crystal structure analysis of the FXIa-BAY 1213790 complex demonstrated that the tyrosine-rich complementarity-determining region 3 loop of the heavy chain of BAY 1213790 penetrated deepest into the FXIa binding epitope, forming a network of favorable interactions including a direct hydrogen bond from Tyr102 to the Gln451 sidechain (2.9 Å). The newly discovered binding epitope caused a structural rearrangement of the FXIa active site, revealing a novel allosteric mechanism of FXIa inhibition by BAY 1213790. BAY 1213790 specifically inhibited FXIa with a binding affinity of 2.4 nM, and in human plasma, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and inhibited thrombin generation in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schaefer
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Structural Biology, 13342 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Buchmueller
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Dittmer
- Bayer AG, Product Supply, Pharmaceuticals, Quality Control, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Julia Straßburger
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Wilmen
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Protein Engineering and Assays, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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14
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Mesquida M, Drawnel F, Fauser S. The role of inflammation in diabetic eye disease. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:427-445. [PMID: 31175392 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Upregulation of cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators leading to persistent low-grade inflammation is believed to actively contribute to the DR-associated damage to the retinal vasculature, inducing breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, subsequent macular edema formation, and promotion of retinal neovascularization. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the biological processes providing an inflammatory basis for DR and DME. In addition, emerging therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation are discussed, including blockade of angiopoietin 2 and other molecular targets such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, plasma kallikrein, and integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mesquida
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Partridge JR, Choy RM, Silva-Garcia A, Yu C, Li Z, Sham H, Metcalf B. Structures of full-length plasma kallikrein bound to highly specific inhibitors describe a new mode of targeted inhibition. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:170-182. [PMID: 30876891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma kallikrein (pKal) is a serine protease responsible for cleaving high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. Unregulated pKal activity can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE) following excess bradykinin release. HAE attacks can lead to a compromised airway that can be life threatening. As there are limited agents for prophylaxis of HAE attacks, there is a high unmet need for a therapeutic agent for regulating pKal with a high degree of specificity. Here we present crystal structures of both full-length and the protease domain of pKal, bound to two very distinct classes of small-molecule inhibitors: compound 1, and BCX4161. Both inhibitors demonstrate low nM inhibitory potency for pKal and varying specificity for related serine proteases. Compound 1 utilizes a surprising mode of interaction and upon binding results in a rearrangement of the binding pocket. Co-crystal structures of pKal describes why this class of small-molecule inhibitor is potent. Lack of conservation in surrounding residues explains the ∼10,000-fold specificity over structurally similar proteases, as shown by in vitro protease inhibition data. Structural information, combined with biochemical and enzymatic analyses, provides a novel scaffold for the design of targeted oral small molecule inhibitors of pKal for treatment of HAE and other diseases resulting from unregulated plasma kallikrein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Partridge
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Rebeca M Choy
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Abel Silva-Garcia
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Chul Yu
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Hing Sham
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Brian Metcalf
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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16
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Wang B, Yang A, Zhao Z, He C, Liu Y, Colman RW, Dai J, Wu Y. The Plasma Kallikrein-Kininogen Pathway Is Critical in the Pathogenesis of Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29467753 PMCID: PMC5808240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) consists of two serine proteases, prekallikrein (pKal) and factor XII (FXII), and a cofactor, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK). Upon activation of the KKS, HK is cleaved to release bradykinin. Although the KKS is activated in humans and animals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its role in the pathogenesis of IBD has not been characterized. In the present study, we determined the role of the KKS in the pathogenesis of IBD using mice that lack proteins involved in the KKS. In two colitis models, induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), mice deficient in HK, pKal, or bradykinin receptors displayed attenuated phenotypes, including body weight loss, disease activity index, colon length shortening, histological scoring, and colonic production of cytokines. Infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in the colonic lamina propria was reduced in HK-deficient mice. Reconstitution of HK-deficient mice through intravenous injection of HK recovered their susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, increased IL-1β levels in the colon tissue and bradykinin concentrations in plasma. In contrast to the phenotypes of other mice lacking other proteins involved in the KKS, mice lacking FXII had comparable colonic inflammation to that observed in wild-type mice. The concentration of bradykinin was significantly increased in the plasma of wild-type mice after DSS-induced colitis. In vitro analysis revealed that DSS-induced pKal activation, HK cleavage, and bradykinin plasma release were prevented by the absence of pKal or the inhibition of Kal. Unlike DSS, TNBS-induced colitis did not trigger HK cleavage. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that Kal, acting independently of FXII, contributes to experimental colitis by promoting bradykinin release from HK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert W. Colman
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Liu QS, Hao F, Sun Z, Long Y, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Perfluorohexadecanoic acid increases paracellular permeability in endothelial cells through the activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin system. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:191-200. [PMID: 28987408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous and high persistent in human blood, thus potentially inducing a myriad of deleterious consequences. Plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), which physiologically regulates vascular permeability, is vulnerable to exogenous stimulators, like PFASs with long-chain alkyl backbone substituted by electronegative fluorine. The study on the interactions of PFASs with the KKS and the subsequent effects on vascular permeability would be helpful to illustrate how the chemicals penetrate the biological vascular barriers to reach different tissues. In present study, three representative PFASs, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA), were investigated for their effects on the activation of the KKS, paracellular permeability in human retina endothelial cells (HRECs) and integrity of the adherens junctions. In contrast to either PFOS or PFOA, PFHxDA efficiently triggered KKS activation in a concentration-dependent manner based on protease activity assays. The plasma activated by PFHxDA significantly increased paracellular permeability of HRECs through the degradation of adherens junctions. As evidenced by the antagonistic effect of aprotinin, PFHxDA-involved effects on vascular permeability were mediated by KKS activation. The results herein firstly revealed the mechanistic pathway for PFHxDA induced effects on vascular endothelial cells. Regarding the possible structure-related activities of the chemicals, this finding would be of great help in the risk assessment of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yanmin Long
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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18
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Barrett EJ, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, King GL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hughes TM, Craft S, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Vinik AI, Casellini CM. Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4343-4410. [PMID: 29126250 PMCID: PMC5718697 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - George L. King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
| | - Carolina M. Casellini
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
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19
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Renné T, Scorilas A, Schmitt M. The kallikreins: old proteases with new clinical potentials. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:396-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-07-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
In patients with acute atherothrombotic disease, diabetes or glucose intolerance is frequently found. Indeed, the number of people with diabetes in the world continues to increase and is expected to reach more than 500 million people by 2035. Diabetes is a pathology commonly associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Although the mortality of coronary artery disease has decreased significantly over the past 20 years, mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes has changed little and atherothrombotic events remain the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Although our understanding of vascular pathology has greatly evolved in recent years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking thrombogenicity and diabetes remain incompletely understood. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are prothrombotic pathologies. This prothrombotic state is due to both hyperglycemia and chronic hyperinsulinism. Among the different agonists involved in the increased thrombogenicity of diabetic patients, abnormalities can be found in all phases of coagulation. Increased procoagulant factors and tissue factor associated with impaired fibrinolysis, platelet hyperreactivity, endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte activation, low-grade inflammation, and microparticle involvement, they all play a role in the establishment of this prothrombotic condition. This review sought to provide an update on the prothrombotic nature of diabetes and its consequences in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Picard
- Interventional cardiology department, Cochin hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - J Adjedj
- Interventional cardiology department, Cochin hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - O Varenne
- Interventional cardiology department, Cochin hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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21
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Liu QS, Sun Y, Qu G, Long Y, Zhao X, Zhang A, Zhou Q, Hu L, Jiang G. Structure-Dependent Hematological Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Activation of Plasma Kallikrein-Kinin System Cascade. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10173-10183. [PMID: 28745506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a global concern because of their ubiquitous occurrence and high persistence in human blood, and increasing amounts of unidentified fluorinated compounds are now becoming new exposure issues. This study aims to investigate the structure-related effects of PFASs on the activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). The effects of 20 PFASs and the related long-chain aliphatic compounds were screened, and their binding affinities for the initial zymogen, Hagmen factor XII (FXII) in the KKS, were evaluated by molecular docking analysis. PFASs were demonstrated to activate the KKS in a structure-dependent mode. More specifically, PFASs with longer carbon chain length, higher fluorine atom substitution degree, and terminal acid group exhibited relatively higher activities in activating the KKS. The binding affinities of PFASs with FXII determined their capabilities for inducing KKS activation. The alternative binding modes of PFASs with FXII, together with van der Waals and hydrogen bonds, specifically accommodated the distinctive chemical structures. To our knowledge, PFASs, for the first time, were found to induce the activation of the KKS in plasma, and their chemical structure-related effects would be extremely important for risk assessment on emerging PFASs in addition to the listing in Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Long
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Abdel-Magid AF. Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitors for the Treatment of Retinal Vascular Permeability Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:776-777. [PMID: 28835783 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Cao J, Wu L, Jin M, Li T, Hui K, Ren Q. Transcriptome profiling of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii lymphoid organ under the white spot syndrome virus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:27-39. [PMID: 28554835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a crustacean with economic importance, and adult prawns are generally thought to be tolerant to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Although certain genes are known to respond to WSSV infection and lymphoid tissue is an important immune organ, the response of lymphoid organ to WSSV infection is unclear. Next-generation sequencing was employed in this study to determine the transcriptome differences between WSSV infection and mock lymphoid organs. A total of 44,606,694 and 40,384,856 clean reads were generated and assembled into 73,658 and 72,374 unigenes from the control sample and the WSSV infection sample, respectively. Based on homology searches, KEGG, GO, and COG analysis, 21,323 unigenes were annotated. Among them, 4951 differential expression genes were identified and categorized into 244 metabolic pathways. Coagulation cascades, and pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways were used as examples to discuss the response of host to WSSV infection. We also identified 12,308 simple sequence repeats, which can be further used as functional markers. Results contribute to a better understanding of the immune response of prawn lymphoid organ to WSSV and provide information for identifying novel genes in the absence of the prawn genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ottaiano TF, Andrade SS, de Oliveira C, Silva MCC, Buri MV, Juliano MA, Girão MJBC, Sampaio MU, Schmaier AH, Wlodawer A, Maffei FHA, Oliva MLV. Plasma kallikrein enhances platelet aggregation response by subthreshold doses of ADP. Biochimie 2017; 135:72-81. [PMID: 28115185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma kallikrein (huPK) potentiates platelet responses to subthreshold doses of ADP, although huPK itself, does not induce platelet aggregation. In the present investigation, we observe that huPK pretreatment of platelets potentiates ADP-induced platelet activation by prior proteolysis of the G-protein-coupled receptor PAR-1. The potentiation of ADP-induced platelet activation by huPK is mediated by the integrin αIIbβ3 through interactions with the KGD/KGE sequence motif in huPK. Integrin αIIbβ3 is a cofactor for huPK binding to platelets to support PAR-1 hydrolysis that contributes to activation of the ADP signaling pathway. This activation pathway leads to phosphorylation of Src, AktS473, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, and to Ca2+ release. The effect of huPK is blocked by specific antagonists of PAR-1 (SCH 19197) and αIIbβ3 (abciximab) and by synthetic peptides comprising the KGD and KGE sequence motifs of huPK. Further, recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor, rBbKI, also blocks this entire mechanism. These results suggest a new function for huPK. Formation of plasma kallikrein lowers the threshold for ADP-induced platelet activation. The present observations are consistent with the notion that plasma kallikrein promotes vascular disease and thrombosis in the intravascular compartment and its inhibition may ameliorate cardiovascular disease and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana F Ottaiano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Sheila S Andrade
- Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; Charitable Association of Blood Collection - COLSAN São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleide de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Mariana C C Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Buri
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Manoel J B C Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; Charitable Association of Blood Collection - COLSAN São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Misako U Sampaio
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francisco H A Maffei
- Department of Orthopedics and Surgery, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil.
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Uchimura I, Kaibara M, Nagasawa M, Hayashi Y. Effect of circulating tissue factor on hypercoagulability in type 2 diabetes mellitus studied by rheometry and dielectric blood coagulometry. Biorheology 2016; 53:209-219. [PMID: 27858671 PMCID: PMC5389046 DOI: 10.3233/bir-16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercoagulability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients increases their risk of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the hypercoagulation mechanism in T2DM patients in terms of circulating tissue factor (TF). METHODS Whole blood coagulation tests by damped oscillation rheometry and dielectric blood coagulometry (DBCM) were performed. RESULTS The average coagulation time was significantly shorter for T2DM patients than for healthy controls. In vitro addition of either anti-TF or anti-activated factor VII (FVIIa) antibody to hypercoagulable blood samples prolonged coagulation times for one group of patients, while coagulation times remained short for another group. The levels of circulating TF were estimated in the former group by measuring the coagulation times for blood samples from healthy subjects with addition of various concentrations of TF and comparing them with the coagulation times for the group. The results indicated that the levels of circulating TF were on the order of subpicomolar at most. CONCLUSIONS Circulating TF is at least partially responsible for a hypercoagulable group of T2DM patients, while an abnormality in the intrinsic coagulation pathway probably occurs in the other group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Uchimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaibara
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Hayashi
- LE Development Department, R&D Division, Medical Business Unit, Imaging Products & Solutions Sector, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a complex process involving multiple pathways. Currently, therapy relies on the combination of two or more antithrombotic drugs, showing that inhibiting more than one target provides benefits in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. This review focuses on structure-activity relationship studies of molecules possessing multiple actions against thrombosis, namely, dual inhibitors of coagulation, dual inhibitors of coagulation and platelet aggregation, and also dual inhibitors of platelet aggregation. EP217609 has just entered clinical trials, which raise the expectations on the multitarget strategy to prevent or treat thrombosis.
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Weight loss surgery in adolescents corrects high-density lipoprotein subspecies and their function. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:83-89. [PMID: 27780977 PMCID: PMC5209276 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective Youth with obesity have an altered HDL subspecies profile characterized by depletion of large apoE rich HDL particles and an enrichment of small HDL particles. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that this atherogenic HDL profile would be reversed and that HDL function would improve with metabolic surgery. Methods Serum samples from adolescent males with severe obesity mean ± SD age of 17.4 ± 1.6 years were studied at baseline and 1 year following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). HDL subspecies and HDL function were evaluated pre and post VSG using paired t-tests. A lean group of adolescents was included as a reference group. Results After VSG, BMI decreased by 32% and insulin resistance as estimated by HOMA-IR decreased by 75% (both p<0.01). Large apoE rich HDL subspecies increased following VSG (p<0.01) and approached that of lean adolescents despite participants with considerable residual obesity. Additionally, HDL function improved compared to baseline (cholesterol efflux capacity increased by 12%, HDL lipid peroxidation potential decreased by 30%, and HDL anti-oxidative capacity improved by 25%, all p<0.01). Conclusions Metabolic surgery results in a significant improvement in the quantity of large HDL subspecies and HDL function. Our data suggest metabolic surgery may improve cardiovascular risk in adolescents and young adults.
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Characterization and Functions of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3130496. [PMID: 27006943 PMCID: PMC4781943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3130496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a cell surface receptor activated by serine proteinases or specific synthetic compounds. Interest in PAR2 as a pharmaceutical target for various diseases is increasing. Here we asked two questions relevant to endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: How is PAR2 function affected in blood vessels? What role does PAR2 have in promoting obesity, diabetes, and/or metabolic syndrome, specifically via the endothelium and adipose tissues? We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in PubMed and Scopus (July 2015; search terms: par2, par-2, f2lr1, adipose, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome). Seven studies focused on PAR2 and vascular function. The obesity, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome animal models differed amongst studies, but each reported that PAR2-mediated vasodilator actions were preserved in the face of endothelial dysfunction. The remaining studies focused on nonvascular functions and provided evidence supporting the concept that PAR2 activation promoted obesity. Key studies showed that PAR2 activation regulated cellular metabolism, and PAR2 antagonists inhibited adipose gain and metabolic dysfunction in rats. We conclude that PAR2 antagonists for treatment of obesity indeed show early promise as a therapeutic strategy; however, endothelial-specific PAR2 functions, which may offset mechanisms that produce vascular dysfunction in diabetes, warrant additional study.
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Yarovaya GA, Neshkova EA. [Kallikrein-Kinin System. Long History and Present. (To 90th Anniversary of Discovery of the System)]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:275-91. [PMID: 26502604 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is the key proteolytic system participating in control of a wide spectrum of physiological functions and the development of many pathological conditions. This explains great interest in structures, functions and molecular biology of separate components of the system, molecular mechanisms of their interaction and relationship with other regulatory systems. The information in this field for the last two decades clarifies the role of KKS in morphogenesis of cells, regulation of smooth muscular contractility of some organs, decrease of blood pressure, increase of vascular permeability, the development of inflammation, transformation of cells and the other functions of both physiological and pathological processes. Essential progress in understanding of functions KKS was made by the discovery and study of bradykinin receptors, cloning of kininogen and kallikrein encoding genes, revealing of domain structure of kininogen, prekallikrein and some kininases and decoding of mechanisms of contact phase of proteolytic system activation in blood plasma.
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Improvement of skin wound healing in diabetic mice by kinin B2 receptor blockade. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:45-56. [PMID: 26443866 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impaired skin wound healing is a major medical problem in diabetic subjects. Kinins exert a number of vascular and other actions limiting organ damage in ischaemia or diabetes, but their role in skin injury is unknown. We investigated, through pharmacological manipulation of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R respectively), the role of kinins in wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Using two mouse models of diabetes (streptozotocin-induced and db/db mice) and non-diabetic mice, we assessed the effect of kinin receptor activation or inhibition by subtype-selective pharmacological agonists (B1R and B2R) and antagonist (B2R) on healing of experimental skin wounds. We also studied effects of agonists and antagonist on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Levels of Bdkrb1 (encoding B1R) and Bdkrb2 (encoding B2R) mRNAs increased 1-2-fold in healthy and wounded diabetic skin compared with in non-diabetic skin. Diabetes delayed wound healing. The B1R agonist had no effect on wound healing. In contrast, the B2R agonist impaired wound repair in both non-diabetic and diabetic mice, inducing skin disorganization and epidermis thickening. In vitro, B2R activation unbalanced fibroblast/keratinocyte proliferation and increased keratinocyte migration. These effects were abolished by co-administration of B2R antagonist. Interestingly, in the two mouse models of diabetes, the B2R antagonist administered alone normalized wound healing. This effect was associated with the induction of Ccl2 (encoding monocyte chemoattractant protein 1)/Tnf (encoding tumour necrosis factor α) mRNAs. Thus stimulation of kinin B2 receptor impairs skin wound healing in mice. B2R activation occurs in the diabetic skin and delays wound healing. B2R blockade improves skin wound healing in diabetic mice and is a potential therapeutic approach to diabetic ulcers.
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Kita T, Clermont AC, Murugesan N, Zhou Q, Fujisawa K, Ishibashi T, Aiello LP, Feener EP. Plasma Kallikrein-Kinin System as a VEGF-Independent Mediator of Diabetic Macular Edema. Diabetes 2015; 64:3588-99. [PMID: 25979073 PMCID: PMC4587649 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes the kallikrein-kinin system in vitreous from individuals with diabetic macular edema (DME) and examines mechanisms contributing to retinal thickening and retinal vascular permeability (RVP). Plasma prekallikrein (PPK) and plasma kallikrein (PKal) were increased twofold and 11.0-fold (both P < 0.0001), respectively, in vitreous from subjects with DME compared with those with a macular hole (MH). While the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was also increased in DME vitreous, PKal and VEGF concentrations do not correlate (r = 0.266, P = 0.112). Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we identified 167 vitreous proteins, including 30 that were increased in DME (fourfold or more, P < 0.001 vs. MH). The majority of proteins associated with DME displayed a higher correlation with PPK than with VEGF concentrations. DME vitreous containing relatively high levels of PKal and low VEGF induced RVP when injected into the vitreous of diabetic rats, a response blocked by bradykinin receptor antagonism but not by bevacizumab. Bradykinin-induced retinal thickening in mice was not affected by blockade of VEGF receptor 2. Diabetes-induced RVP was decreased by up to 78% (P < 0.001) in Klkb1 (PPK)-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls. B2- and B1 receptor-induced RVP in diabetic mice was blocked by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and inducible NOS deficiency, respectively. These findings implicate the PKal pathway as a VEGF-independent mediator of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kita
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Qunfang Zhou
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimihiko Fujisawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Lloyd Paul Aiello
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Beetham Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward P Feener
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Long YM, Zhao XC, Clermont AC, Zhou QF, Liu Q, Feener EP, Yan B, Jiang GB. Negatively charged silver nanoparticles cause retinal vascular permeability by activating plasma contact system and disrupting adherens junction. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:501-11. [PMID: 26399585 PMCID: PMC4971575 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1088589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used as antibacterial component in numerous healthcare, biomedical and consumer products. Therefore, their adverse effects to biological systems have become a major concern. AgNPs have been shown to be absorbed into circulation and redistributed into various organs. It is thus of great importance to understand how these nanoparticles affect vascular permeability and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. A negatively charged mecaptoundeonic acid-capped silver nanoparticle (MUA@AgNP) was investigated in this work. Ex vivo experiments in mouse plasma revealed that MUA@AgNPs caused plasma prekallikrein cleavage, while positively charged or neutral AgNPs, as well as Ag ions had no effect. In vitro tests revealed that MUA@AgNPs activated the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) by triggering Hageman factor autoactivation. By using specific inhibitors aprotinin and HOE 140, we demonstrated that KKS activation caused the release of bradykinin, which activated B2 receptors and induced the shedding of adherens junction protein, VE-cadherin. These biological perturbations eventually resulted in endothelial paracellular permeability in mouse retina after intravitreal injection of MUA@AgNPs. The findings from this work provided key insights for toxicity modulation and biomedical applications of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xing-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Allen C. Clermont
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qun-Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Edward P. Feener
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gui-Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Hu Z, Wong PC, Gilligan PJ, Han W, Pabbisetty KB, Bozarth JM, Crain EJ, Harper T, Luettgen JM, Myers JE, Ramamurthy V, Rossi KA, Sheriff S, Watson CA, Wei A, Zheng JJ, Seiffert DA, Wexler RR, Quan ML. Discovery of a Potent Parenterally Administered Factor XIa Inhibitor with Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one as the P2' Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:590-5. [PMID: 26005539 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship optimization of phenylalanine P1' and P2' regions with a phenylimidazole core resulted in a series of potent FXIa inhibitors. Introducing 4-hydroxyquinolin-2-one as the P2' group enhanced FXIa affinity and metabolic stability. Incorporation of an N-methyl piperazine amide group to replace the phenylalanine improved both FXIa potency and aqueous solubility. Combination of the optimization led to the discovery of FXIa inhibitor 13 with a FXIa K i of 0.04 nM and an aPTT EC2x of 1.0 μM. Dose-dependent efficacy (EC50 of 0.53 μM) was achieved in the rabbit ECAT model with minimal bleeding time prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Hu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Pancras C. Wong
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul J. Gilligan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Wei Han
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kumar B. Pabbisetty
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Bozarth
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Earl J. Crain
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Timothy Harper
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph M. Luettgen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph E. Myers
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | - Karen A. Rossi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Carol A. Watson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anzi Wei
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joanna J. Zheng
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dietmar A. Seiffert
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mimi L. Quan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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Regoli D, Gobeil F. Critical insights into the beneficial and protective actions of the kallikrein-kinin system. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 64:1-10. [PMID: 25579779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by an imbalance between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II AT-1 receptor antagonists (also known as sartans or ARBs) are potent modulators of these systems and are highly effective as first-line treatments for hypertension, diabetic nephropathies, and diseases of the brain and coronary arteries. However, these agents are mechanistically distinct and should not be considered interchangeable. In this mini-review, we provide novel insights into the often neglected roles of the KKS in the beneficial, protective, and reparative actions of ACEIs. Indeed, ACEIs are the only antihypertensive drugs that properly reduce the imbalance between the RAS and the KKS, thereby restoring optimal cardiovascular homeostasis and significantly reducing morbidity and the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals affected by hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Regoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
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Lippi G, Buonocore R, Musa R, Ippolito L, Picanza A, Favaloro EJ. The effect of hyperglycaemia on haemostasis testing--a volunteer study. Anaesthesia 2015; 70:549-54. [PMID: 25557303 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the contamination of samples with glucose subsequently tested for haemostasis affected the results, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen concentration. Venous blood was collected from 12 healthy subjects and divided into four aliquots, which were subjected to different degrees of contamination with standard glucose solution (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%). With increasing glucose contamination, prothrombin time increased from mean (SD) 11.0 (0.7) s to 11.2 (0.7) s, 11.5 (0.7) s and 12.2 (0.8) s, all p < 0.001. Activated partial thromboplastin time decreased from 32.3 (0.9) s to 30.9 (0.8) s, 30.8 (0.8) s, and 29.7 (0.7) s, all p < 0.001. Fibrinogen concentration decreased from 3.8 (0.7) g.l(-1) to 3.7 (0.6) g.l(-1), 3.6 (0.6) g.l(-1), and 3.4 (0.6) g.l(-1), all p < 0.001. Bias was clinically meaningful from 5% contamination for activated partial thromboplastin time, 10% contamination for prothrombin time and 20% contamination for fibrinogen concentration. We conclude that if glucose contamination of haemostasis samples is suspected or has occurred, the specimens should not be analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lippi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Abdel-Magid AF. Inhibitors of Factor XIa and Plasma Kallikrein May Treat Thromboembolic Disorders and Many Diabetes Complications. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:286-7. [PMID: 24900827 DOI: 10.1021/ml500084u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Girolami JP, Blaes N, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system: impact on cardiovascular and renal diseases. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:145-196. [PMID: 25130042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in mice, with either gain or loss of function, and study of human genetic variability in KKS components which has been well documented at the phenotypic and genomic level, have allowed recognizing the physiological role of KKS in health and in disease. This role has been especially documented in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. Kinins are produced at slow rate in most organs in resting condition and/or inactivated quickly. Yet the KKS is involved in arterial function and in renal tubular function. In several pathological situations, kinin production increases, kinin receptor synthesis is upregulated, and kinins play an important role, whether beneficial or detrimental, in disease outcome. In the setting of ischemic, diabetic or hemodynamic aggression, kinin release by tissue kallikrein protects against organ damage, through B2 and/or B1 bradykinin receptor activation, depending on organ and disease. This has been well documented for the ischemic or diabetic heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, where KKS activity reduces oxidative stress, limits necrosis or fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. Putative therapeutic application of these clinical and experimental findings through current pharmacological development is discussed in the chapter.
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Portelli MA, Siedlinski M, Stewart CE, Postma DS, Nieuwenhuis MA, Vonk JM, Nurnberg P, Altmuller J, Moffatt MF, Wardlaw AJ, Parker SG, Connolly MJ, Koppelman GH, Sayers I. Genome-wide protein QTL mapping identifies human plasma kallikrein as a post-translational regulator of serum uPAR levels. FASEB J 2013; 28:923-34. [PMID: 24249636 PMCID: PMC3898658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-240879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The soluble cleaved urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (scuPAR) is a circulating protein detected in multiple diseases, including various cancers, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease, where elevated levels of scuPAR have been associated with worsening prognosis and increased disease aggressiveness. We aimed to identify novel genetic and biomolecular mechanisms regulating scuPAR levels. Elevated serum scuPAR levels were identified in asthma (n=514) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=219) cohorts when compared to controls (n=96). In these cohorts, a genome-wide association study of serum scuPAR levels identified a human plasma kallikrein gene (KLKB1) promoter polymorphism (rs4253238) associated with serum scuPAR levels in a control/asthma population (P=1.17×10−7), which was also observed in a COPD population (combined P=5.04×10−12). Using a fluorescent assay, we demonstrated that serum KLKB1 enzymatic activity was driven by rs4253238 and is inverse to scuPAR levels. Biochemical analysis identified that KLKB1 cleaves scuPAR and negates scuPAR's effects on primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in vitro. Chymotrypsin was used as a proproteolytic control, while basal HBECs were used as a control to define scuPAR-driven effects. In summary, we reveal a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism for scuPAR using a hypothesis-free approach with implications for multiple human diseases.—Portelli, M. A., Siedlinski, M., Stewart, C. E., Postma, D. S., Nieuwenhuis, M. A., Vonk, J. M., Nurnberg, P., Altmuller, J., Moffatt, M. F., Wardlaw, A. J., Parker, S. G., Connolly, M. J., Koppelman, G. H., Sayers, I. Genome-wide protein QTL mapping identifies human plasma kallikrein as a post-translational regulator of serum uPAR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Portelli
- 2Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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