1
|
Melaku G, Belay Getahun S, Abebe M, Shumye S, Semagn S. The Association Between Domestic Violence and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women Seeking Antenatal Care at Public Hospitals in Gedeo Zone: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1833-1843. [PMID: 37404958 PMCID: PMC10317523 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s419473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic violence is any harmful behavior by an intimate partner, such as physical, sexual, or psychological abuse. In Ethiopia, domestic violence is a serious and widespread problem. It affects two-thirds (64.6%) of pregnant women and increases the risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Domestic violence during pregnancy is a growing public health problem that may contribute to maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess the association between domestic violence during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Gedeo Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Material and Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on 142 pregnant women in their third trimester who attended public health institutions in Gedeo Zone for antenatal care. We compared 47 women who were exposed to domestic violence with 95 who were not and followed them until 24 hours after delivery or drop-out. We used SPSS version-24 to analyze data and logistic regression to examine the association between domestic violence and pregnancy outcomes. We reported the results using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value. Results Out of 142 women, who completed the follow-up, 47 were exposed to domestic violence and 95 were not. We found a strong link between domestic violence and preterm birth. Women exposed to domestic violence had a four-fold higher risk of preterm birth (AOR= 4.392, 95% CI: 1.117, 6.588) than those who were not. They also had a 2.5-fold higher risk of perinatal death (AOR= 2.562, 95% CI: 1.041, 6.308). Conclusion Domestic violence during pregnancy affects many pregnant women in southern Ethiopia and harms their babies. It leads to preterm birth and perinatal death, which can be prevented. The Ethiopian government and other stakeholders need to protect pregnant women from intimate partner violence urgently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Melaku
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Belay Getahun
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Abebe
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Shumye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Selamawit Semagn
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caicedo-Roa M, Dalaqua LG, Filizola P, Cordeiro RC, Venegas MFG. Risk of Femicide and Quality of Life Assessment of Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2023; 10:181-193. [PMID: 37168736 PMCID: PMC10088589 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Violence against women is a public priority issue for epidemiological and public health sciences. Severe consequences of violence affect the quality of life of women victims. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact in the quality of life of the strengthening group in women victims of intimate partner violence who attend a reference violence center in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Method Quasi-experimental before and after the study was designed. The danger assessment and WHOQOL-BREF scales were applied at admission, after 3 and 6 months. Descriptive and statistical analysis of the variables was carried out to verify the difference between the measurements in the quality of life domains. Results Seventy-eight victims of intimate partner violence participated in the study. The most prevalent violence was psychological (96.2%), physical (79.5%), and moral (67.7%). Three months after participating in the strengthening group, there was an improvement in the 4 domains of quality of life, significantly in the psychological (p = 0.032 ) and physical (p = 0.006 ) domains. More than half of the participants were classified at the extreme level of risk of femicide (51.3%). The study was stopped early because of the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion With the available data collected, the strengthening group proved to be a strategy that positively impacts the quality of life of women victims of intimate partner violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caicedo-Roa
- Graduate Program of Public Health in the Epidemiology Research Area, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, SP CEP 13083-887 Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Filizola
- Reference and Support Center for Women (Ceamo), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carlos Cordeiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multilevel analysis of factors associated with perinatal intimate partner violence among postpartum population in Southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19013. [PMID: 36347930 PMCID: PMC9643427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence around pregnancy is critical in nature and major public health problem worldwide. Thus, the present study aims to determine the extent of perinatal partner violence and to identify its individual and community-level factors among postpartum women in Southern Ethiopia. A total of 1342 postpartum women nested in 38 'Kebles' (clusters) were enumerated using multistage-clustered sampling techniques for multilevel analysis. Different parameters were computed for model comparison and model fitness. The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during, and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 39.9% [95% CI 36.9-44.5]. About 18% of women reported continuous abuse over the perinatal period. Postpartum women who live in rural areas [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.46; 95% CI 1.21-5.01], or in neighborhoods with high IPV favoring norms [AOR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.01-2.20], high female literacy [AOR = 2.84; 95%CI 1.62-5.01], high female autonomy [AOR = 2.06; 95%CI 1.36-3.12], or in neighborhoods with lower wealth status [AOR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.14-2.66] were more likely to encounter PIPV. The complex patterns of interplaying factors operating at different levels could put pregnant or postpartum women at higher risk of IPV victimization. Therefore, policies that prioritize the improvement of contextual factors, particularly norms toward IPV and women's empowerment are likely to be the most effective interventions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Exposição à violência conjugal na infância e perpetuação transgeracional da violência. PSICO 2022. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2022.1.39088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as repercussões da exposição à violência conjugal na infância na perpetuação transgeracional da violência, com base em uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram considerados artigos empíricos disponíveis em bases de dados eletrônicas e publicados entre 2009 e 2021. Os estudos selecionados foram analisados qualitativamente, a partir das categorias temáticas: caracterização das amostras; características metodológicas; tipos de violência conjugal que embasam os estudos; e, repercussões da exposição à violência conjugal na infância na perpetuação transgeracional da violência. Compreendeu-se que os modelos aprendidos nas relações vivenciadas na família de origem e a exposição à violência conjugal durante a infância aparecem como fatores relevantes para a manutenção de uma relação conjugal violenta, reforçando a probabilidade de perpetuação transgeracional da violência. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a necessidade de um olhar cuidadoso de profissionais da área da saúde na tentativa de se pensar intervenções para romper o ciclo transgeracional.
Collapse
|
5
|
Surita FG, Sánchez ODR. Routine Enquiry for Domestic Violence during Antenatal Care: An Opportunity to Improve Women's Health. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:211-213. [PMID: 35576935 PMCID: PMC9948041 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Odette Del Risco Sánchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jatta JW, Baru A, Fawole OI, Ojengbede OA. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in the rural Gambia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255723. [PMID: 34352019 PMCID: PMC8341542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any behavior by either a current or ex-intimate partner or would-be rejected lover that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm. It is the most common form of violence in women’s lives. According to a World Health Organization report, about 1 in 3 women worldwide experience at least one form of IPV from an intimate partner at some point in her life. In the Gambia, about 62% of pregnant women experience at least one form of violence from an intimate partner. IPV has severe physical and mental health consequences on a woman ranging from minor bodily injury to death. It also increases the risk of low birth weight, premature delivery, and neonatal death. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was carried out to assess the magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in the rural Gambia. The study enrolled 373 pregnant women, and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the study participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Ver.22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the presence and strength of associated factors with IPV. Result The study reveals that the prevalence of IPV in The Gambia is 67%, with psychological violence (43%) being the most common form of IPV reported by the respondents. The multivariate logistic regression result reveals that being aged 35 years or older [AOR 5.1(95% CI 1.5–17.8)], the experience of parents quarreling during childhood [AOR 1.7(95% CI 1.0–2.75)], and having cigarette smoking partners [AOR 2.3 (95% CI 1.10–4.6)] were significantly associated with IPV during pregnancy. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that all forms of IPV in rural Gambia are frequent. Women older than 35 years, had experienced parents quarreling, had a partner who smoked, and a partner who fight with others were more likely report IPV compared to other pregnant women in the study. We recommend that IPV screening should be included as an integral part of routine antenatal care services in The Gambia. Community-based interventions that include indigenous leaders, religious leaders, and other key stakeholders are crucial to create awareness on all forms of IPV and address the risk factors found to influence the occurrence of IPV in rural Gambia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Jatta
- Institute of Life and Earth Science (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Slum and Rural Health Initiative Network, Research and Collaboration Department, SRHIN/Africa, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ararso Baru
- Institute of Life and Earth Science (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Slum and Rural Health Initiative Network, Research and Collaboration Department, SRHIN/Africa, Ibadan, Nigeria
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Fawole
- Institute of Life and Earth Science (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu A. Ojengbede
- Institute of Life and Earth Science (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orozco-Vargas AE, Venebra-Muñoz A, Aguilera-Reyes U, García-López GI. The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2021; 34:23. [PMID: 34324085 PMCID: PMC8319696 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-021-00187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of family of origin violence and intimate partner violence have been extensively documented; however, very few studies have examined the interaction with emotion regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze whether different types of emotion regulation strategies, both adaptive and maladaptive, mediate the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence in the Mexican population. A total of 838 participants (45.9% men and 54.1% women) responded to instruments addressing family of origin violence, emotion regulation strategies, and intimate partner violence. The results revealed that both structural models were significant. For women, the model showed an adequate fit X2 (11, N = 838) = 22.75, p = .288, GFI = .95, AGFI = .91, NFI = .98, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .05. Likewise, we found similar indexes for men X2 (11, N = 838) = 28.20, p = .348, GFI = .97, AGFI = .93, NFI = .97, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .04. Specifically, the direct effects of adaptive strategies on intimate partner violence were statistically significant. Meanwhile, the direct effects of family of origin violence on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were significant, as were the direct effects of maladaptive strategies on intimate partner violence. In turn, the indirect effects of family of-origin violence were significantly related to intimate partner violence via maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the results clearly showed that men reported higher levels of aggression against women. Finally, regarding the selection of emotion regulation strategies, while women employed more adaptive emotion regulation, men showed a more definite tendency to use maladaptive emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Enrique Orozco-Vargas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
- Centro Universitario UAEM Atlacomulco, Carretera Toluca - Atlacomulco Km. 60, Atlacomulco, México
| | | | | | - Georgina Isabel García-López
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
- Centro Universitario UAEM Atlacomulco, Carretera Toluca - Atlacomulco Km. 60, Atlacomulco, México
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Risk Factors for Injuries From Physical Violence in African Women in the Gambia. J Emerg Med 2020; 58:356-364. [PMID: 31924468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical violence against women is a major public health problem in African countries; however, no studies have focused on factors associated with violent injuries to women in Africa. OBJECTIVES A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate risk factors for injuries from physical violence against African women in The Gambia. METHODS Over a 12-month study period, study participants were recruited from emergency departments of eight government-managed health care facilities. Cases were female patients aged ≥ 15 years who had been violently injured. Matched by the health facility, date of injury, sex, and age, a control patient for each case was selected from those injured due to nonviolent mechanisms. RESULTS In total, 194 case-control pairs were recruited. Results of a conditional logistic regression showed that being a Fula (odds ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-5.66), living in an extended family compound (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.22-7.72), having six or more female siblings (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.38-6.97), having been raised by grandparents (OR 3.34; 95% CI 1.06-10.51), and having been verbally (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.56-5.96) or physically abused (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.34-8.39) in the past 12 months were significantly associated with injury from physical violence. CONCLUSION Most risk factors identified for violent injury among African women are unique to the studied geography. Violence prevention programs, if designed based on these identified risk factors, may be more effective for this population.
Collapse
|