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Rodríguez C, Timóteo-Ferreira F, Minchiotti G, Brunelli S, Guardiola O. Cellular interactions and microenvironment dynamics in skeletal muscle regeneration and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1385399. [PMID: 38840849 PMCID: PMC11150574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1385399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on the intricate interplay of various cell populations within the muscle niche-an environment crucial for regulating the behavior of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and ensuring postnatal tissue maintenance and regeneration. This review delves into the dynamic interactions among key players of this process, including MuSCs, macrophages (MPs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), endothelial cells (ECs), and pericytes (PCs), each assuming pivotal roles in orchestrating homeostasis and regeneration. Dysfunctions in these interactions can lead not only to pathological conditions but also exacerbate muscular dystrophies. The exploration of cellular and molecular crosstalk among these populations in both physiological and dystrophic conditions provides insights into the multifaceted communication networks governing muscle regeneration. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging strategies to modulate the muscle-regenerating niche, presenting a comprehensive overview of current understanding and innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
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2
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Łoboda A, Dulak J. Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Potential Therapeutic Implications in the Amelioration of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2024; 13:158. [PMID: 38247849 PMCID: PMC10814317 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belongs to the family of gasotransmitters and can modulate a myriad of biological signaling pathways. Among others, its cardioprotective effects, through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and proangiogenic activities, are well-documented in experimental studies. Cardiorespiratory failure, predominantly cardiomyopathy, is a life-threatening complication that is the number one cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although recent data suggest the role of H2S in ameliorating muscle wasting in murine and Caenorhabditis elegans models of DMD, possible cardioprotective effects have not yet been addressed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of H2S in animal models of cardiac dysfunctions and cardiac cells. We highlight that DMD may be amenable to H2S supplementation, and we suggest H2S as a possible factor regulating DMD-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Łoboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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Favre J, Roy C, Guihot AL, Drouin A, Laprise M, Gillis MA, Robson SC, Thorin E, Sévigny J, Henrion D, Kauffenstein G. NTPDase1/CD39 Ectonucleotidase Is Necessary for Normal Arterial Diameter Adaptation to Flow. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15038. [PMID: 37894719 PMCID: PMC10606763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NTPDase1/CD39, the major vascular ectonucleotidase, exerts thrombo-immunoregulatory function by controlling endothelial P2 receptor activation. Despite the well-described release of ATP from endothelial cells, few data are available regarding the potential role of CD39 as a regulator of arterial diameter. We thus investigated the contribution of CD39 in short-term diameter adaptation and long-term arterial remodeling in response to flow using Entpd1-/- male mice. Compared to wild-type littermates, endothelial-dependent relaxation was modified in Entpd1-/- mice. Specifically, the vasorelaxation in response to ATP was potentiated in both conductance (aorta) and small resistance (mesenteric and coronary) arteries. By contrast, the relaxing responses to acetylcholine were supra-normalized in thoracic aortas while decreased in resistance arteries from Entpd1-/- mice. Acute flow-mediated dilation, measured via pressure myography, was dramatically diminished and outward remodeling induced by in vivo chronic increased shear stress was altered in the mesenteric resistance arteries isolated from Entpd1-/- mice compared to wild-types. Finally, changes in vascular reactivity in Entpd1-/- mice were also evidenced by a decrease in the coronary output measured in isolated perfused hearts compared to the wild-type mice. Our results highlight a key regulatory role for purinergic signaling and CD39 in endothelium-dependent short- and long-term arterial diameter adaptation to increased flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Favre
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Charlotte Roy
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Annick Drouin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Manon Laprise
- Animal Physiology Service, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
| | - Marc-Antoine Gillis
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et D’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Gilles Kauffenstein
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
- INSERM UMR 1260—Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Uncovering the Gene Regulatory Network of Endothelial Cells in Mouse Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Insights from Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing Analysis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030422. [PMID: 36979114 PMCID: PMC10045518 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which leads to heart and respiratory failure. Despite the critical impact of DMD on endothelial cells (ECs), there is limited understanding of its effect on the endothelial gene network. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of DMD on the gene regulatory network of ECs. Methods and Results: To gain insights into the role of the dystrophin muscular dystrophy gene (DMD) in ECs from Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the study utilized single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to evaluate the transcriptomic profile of ECs from skeletal muscles in DMD mutant mice (DMDmut) and wild-type control mice. The analysis showed that the DMD mutation resulted in the suppression of several genes, including SPTBN1 and the upregulation of multiple long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). GM48099, GM19951, and GM15564 were consistently upregulated in ECs and skeletal muscle cells from DMDmut, indicating that these dysregulated lncRNAs are conserved across different cell types. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the DMD mutation activated the following four pathways in ECs: fibrillary collagen trimer, banded collagen fibril, complex of collagen trimers, and purine nucleotide metabolism. The study also found that the metabolic pathway activity of ECs was altered. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid degradation, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism were decreased while purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and one carbon pool by folate were increased. Moreover, the study investigated the impact of the DMD mutation on ECs from skeletal muscles and found a significant decrease in their overall number, but no change in their proliferation. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides new insights into the gene regulatory program in ECs in DMD and highlights the importance of further research in this area.
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Hermes TDA, Mâncio RD, Mizobutti DS, Macedo AB, Kido LA, Cagnon Quitete VHA, Minatel E. Cilostazol attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in the quadriceps muscle of the dystrophic mouse experimental model. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:13-22. [PMID: 36565167 PMCID: PMC9845609 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe and frequent form of muscular dystrophy. The mdx mouse is one of the most widely used experimental models to understand aspects of the biology of dystrophic skeletal muscles and the mechanisms of DMD. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are present in early stages of the disease in mdx mice. The high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes activation of apoptotic death regulatory proteins due to DNA damage and breakdown of nuclear and mitochondrial membranes. The quadriceps (QUA) muscle of the mdx mouse is a good tool to study oxidative events. Previous studies have demonstrated that cilostazol exerts an anti-oxidant effect by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of cilostazol to modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in the QUA muscle of mdx mice. Fourteen-day-old mdx mice received cilostazol or saline for 14 days. C57BL/10 mice were used as a control. In the QUA muscle of mdx mice, cilostazol treatment decreased ROS production (-74%), the number of lipofuscin granules (-47%), lipid peroxidation (-11%), and the number of apoptotic cells (-66%). Thus cilostazol showed anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic action in the QUA muscle of mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio de Almeida Hermes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
- Departament of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG)AlfenasBrazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mâncio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Daniela Sayuri Mizobutti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
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Kaplan KM, Morgan KG. The importance of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins in vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059021. [PMID: 36505053 PMCID: PMC9732661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review details the role of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins (DAPs) in the vascular smooth muscle. Dystrophin is most comprehensively studied in the skeletal muscle due to serious symptoms found related to the skeletal muscle of patients with muscular dystrophy. Mutations in the dystrophin gene, or DAPs genes, result in a wide range of muscular dystrophies. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin is known to act to as a cytoskeletal stabilization protein and protects cells against contraction-induced damage. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin stabilizes the plasma membrane by transmitting forces generated by sarcomeric contraction to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dystrophin is a scaffold that binds the dystroglycan complex (DGC) and has many associated proteins (DAPs). These DAPs include sarcoglycans, syntrophins, dystroglycans, dystrobrevin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and caveolins. The DAPs provide biomechanical support to the skeletal or cardiac plasma membrane during contraction, and loss of one or several of these DAPs leads to plasma membrane fragility. Dystrophin is expressed near the plasma membrane of all muscles, including cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, and some neurons. Dystrophic mice have noted biomechanical irregularities in the carotid arteries and spontaneous motor activity in portal vein altered when compared to wild type mice. Additionally, some studies suggest the vasculature of patients and animal models with muscular dystrophy is abnormal. Although the function of dystrophin and the DAPs in vascular smooth muscle is not thoroughly established in the field, this review makes the point that these proteins are expressed, and important and further study is warranted.
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Abstract
This protocol describes the biofabrication of 3D millimeter-scale human muscle units, embedding non-planar muscle fibers wrapped by fibroblasts-rich endomysium and intertwined with microvascular networks. Suspended muscle fibers are formed through the self-assembly of human myoblasts within cylindrical cavities generated in a sacrificial gelatin template cast in a 3D printed frame. Following myotube differentiation, muscle fibers are embedded in a 3D matrix containing endothelial cells and muscle-derived fibroblasts. The cellular complexity of the environment is instrumental to drive fibroblast migration towards muscle fibers and to induce the organ-specific differentiation of endothelial cells. This advanced 3D muscle model can be applied to analyze the biological mechanisms underlying specific muscle diseases which involve a complex remodeling of the muscle environment (e.g., muscular dystrophies and fibrosis) whereby the pathological interplay among different cell populations drives the onset and progression of the disease.
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Dias RM, Hoshi RA, Vanderlei LCM, Monteiro CBDM, Alvarez MPB, Crocetta TB, Grossklauss LF, Fernani DCGL, Dantas MTAP, Martins FPA, Garner DM, Abreu LC, Ferreira C, da Silva TD. Influence of Different Types of Corticosteroids on Heart Rate Variability of Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-A Pilot Cross Sectional Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:752. [PMID: 34440496 PMCID: PMC8398672 DOI: 10.3390/life11080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) have an impairment of cardiac autonomic function categorized by parasympathetic reduction and sympathetic predominance. The objective of this study was to assess the cardiac autonomic modulation of individuals with DMD undergoing therapy with Prednisone/Prednisolone and Deflazacort and compare with individuals with DMD without the use of these medications and a typically developed control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed, wherein 40 boys were evaluated. The four treatment groups were: Deflazacort; Prednisone/Prednisolone; no corticoid use; and typical development. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was investigated via linear indices (Time Domain and Frequency Domain) and non-linear indices Results: The results of this study revealed that individuals with DMD undertaking pharmacotherapies with Prednisolone demonstrated HRV comparable to the Control Typically Developed (CTD) group. In contrast, individuals with DMD undergoing pharmacotherapies with Deflazacort achieved lower HRV, akin to individuals with DMD without any medications, as demonstrated in the metrics: RMSSD; LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.), LF/HF; SD1, α1, and α1/α2, and a significant effect for SD1/SD2; %DET and Ratio; Shannon Entropy, 0 V%, 2 LV% and 2 ULV%. Conclusions: Corticosteroids have the potential to affect the cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with DMD. The use of Prednisone/Prednisolone appears to promote improved responses in terms of sympathovagal activity as opposed to Deflazacort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Cardiology) at Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; (C.F.); (T.D.d.S.)
| | | | | | - Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05360-160, Brazil; (C.B.d.M.M.); (M.P.B.A.)
| | - Mayra Priscila Boscolo Alvarez
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05360-160, Brazil; (C.B.d.M.M.); (M.P.B.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Anhanguera College- Campus of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13209-355, Brazil
| | - Tânia Brusque Crocetta
- Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88035-001, Brazil;
| | - Luis Fernando Grossklauss
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Neuropediatrist at the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil;
| | | | - Maria Tereza Artero Prado Dantas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Western Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil; (D.C.G.L.F.); (M.T.A.P.D.)
| | | | - David M. Garner
- Cardiorespiratory Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Headington Campus, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Luiz Carlos Abreu
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29040-090, Brazil;
| | - Celso Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Cardiology) at Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; (C.F.); (T.D.d.S.)
| | - Talita Dias da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Cardiology) at Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; (C.F.); (T.D.d.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05360-160, Brazil; (C.B.d.M.M.); (M.P.B.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo City (UNICID), São Paulo 03071-000, Brazil
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Nguyen TH, Conotte S, Belayew A, Declèves AE, Legrand A, Tassin A. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Muscular Dystrophies: Cause and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7220. [PMID: 34281273 PMCID: PMC8269128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited degenerative muscle disorders characterized by a progressive skeletal muscle wasting. Respiratory impairments and subsequent hypoxemia are encountered in a significant subgroup of patients in almost all MD forms. In response to hypoxic stress, compensatory mechanisms are activated especially through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 α (HIF-1α). In healthy muscle, hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are known to affect oxidative stress balance and metabolism. Recent evidence has also highlighted HIF-1α as a regulator of myogenesis and satellite cell function. However, the impact of HIF-1α pathway modifications in MDs remains to be investigated. Multifactorial pathological mechanisms could lead to HIF-1α activation in patient skeletal muscles. In addition to the genetic defect per se, respiratory failure or blood vessel alterations could modify hypoxia response pathways. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge about the hypoxia response pathway alterations in MDs and address whether such changes could influence MD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Hang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Stephanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
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Kodippili K, Thorne PK, Laughlin MH, Duan D. Dystrophin deficiency impairs vascular structure and function in the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pathol 2021; 254:589-605. [PMID: 33999411 DOI: 10.1002/path.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle-wasting disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. Vascular dysfunction has been suggested as an underlying pathogenic mechanism in DMD. However, this has not been thoroughly studied in a large animal model. Here we investigated structural and functional changes in the vascular smooth muscle and endothelium of the canine DMD model. The expression of dystrophin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and the structure and function of the femoral artery from 15 normal and 16 affected adult dogs were evaluated. Full-length dystrophin was detected in the endothelium and smooth muscle in normal but not affected dog arteries. Normal arteries lacked nNOS but expressed eNOS in the endothelium. NOS activity and eNOS expression were reduced in the endothelium of dystrophic dogs. Dystrophin deficiency resulted in structural remodeling of the artery. In affected dogs, the maximum tension induced by vasoconstrictor phenylephrine and endothelin-1 was significantly reduced. In addition, acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly impaired, whereas exogenous nitric oxide-induced vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that dystrophin plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle in large mammals. Vascular defects may contribute to DMD pathogenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela K Thorne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Mitchell R, Frederick NE, Holzman ER, Agobe F, Allaway HCM, Bagher P. Ifetroban reduces coronary artery dysfunction in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H52-H58. [PMID: 34048282 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00180.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy contributes to morbidity and mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inheritable muscle-wasting disease caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Preclinical studies in mouse models of muscular dystrophy have demonstrated reduced cardiomyopathy and improved cardiac function following oral treatment with the potent and selective thromboxane A2/prostanoid receptor (TPr) antagonist ifetroban. Furthermore, a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03340675, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals) is currently recruiting subjects to determine whether ifetroban can improve cardiac function in patients with DMD. Although TPr is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD, little is known about TPr function in coronary arteries that perfuse blood through the cardiac tissue. In the current study, isolated coronary arteries from young (∼3-5 mo) and aged (∼9-12 mo) mdx mice, a widely used mouse model of DMD, and age-matched controls were examined using wire myography. Vasoconstriction to increasing concentrations of TPr agonist U-46619 (U4) was enhanced in young mdx mice versus controls. In addition, young mdx mice displayed a significant attenuation in endothelial cell-mediated vasodilation to increasing concentrations of the muscarinic agonist acetylcholine (ACh). Since TPr activation was enhanced in young mdx mice, U4-mediated vasoconstriction was measured in the absence and the presence of ifetroban. Ifetroban reduced U4-mediated vasoconstriction in young mdx mice and both aged mdx and control mice. Overall, our data demonstrate enhanced coronary arterial vasoconstriction to TPr activation in young mdx mice, a phenotype that could be reversed with ifetroban. These data could have important therapeutic implications for improving cardiovascular function in DMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation revealed 1) impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, 2) increased U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction, and 3) reversal of the increase in U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction by the thromboxane A2/prostanoid receptor (TPr) antagonist ifetroban in left anterior descending coronary arteries isolated from young mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Ifetroban has been used in preclinical studies to demonstrate improved cardiac function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy and is currently being investigated in a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with DMD. The current study supports the role of ifetroban in improving coronary artery function in preclinical DMD models, which may contribute to improved cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - N E Frederick
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - E R Holzman
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - F Agobe
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - H C M Allaway
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - P Bagher
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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Age-Dependent Dysregulation of Muscle Vasculature and Blood Flow Recovery after Hindlimb Ischemia in the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050481. [PMID: 33925757 PMCID: PMC8145677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a lack of functional dystrophin, is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Interestingly, dystrophin is also expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), and insufficient angiogenesis has already been hypothesized to contribute to DMD pathology, however, its status in mdx mice, a model of DMD, is still not fully clear. Our study aimed to reveal angiogenesis-related alterations in skeletal muscles of mdx mice compared to wild-type (WT) counterparts. By investigating 6- and 12-week-old mice, we sought to verify if those changes are age-dependent. We utilized a broad spectrum of methods ranging from gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging to determine the level of angiogenic markers and to assess muscle blood vessel abundance. Finally, we implemented the hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model, more biologically relevant in the context of functional studies evaluating angiogenesis/arteriogenesis processes. We demonstrated that both 6- and 12-week-old dystrophic mice exhibited dysregulation of several angiogenic factors, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in different muscle types. Nonetheless, in younger, 6-week-old mdx animals, neither the abundance of CD31+α-SMA+ double-positive blood vessels nor basal blood flow and its restoration after HLI was affected. In 12-week-old mdx mice, although a higher number of CD31+α-SMA+ double-positive blood vessels and an increased percentage of skeletal muscle ECs were found, the abundance of pericytes was diminished, and blood flow was reduced. Moreover, impeded perfusion recovery after HLI associated with a blunted inflammatory and regenerative response was evident in 12-week-old dystrophic mice. Hence, our results reinforce the hypothesis of age-dependent angiogenic dysfunction in dystrophic mice. In conclusion, we suggest that older mdx mice constitute an appropriate model for preclinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of vascular-based therapies aimed at the restoration of functional angiogenesis to mitigate DMD severity.
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13
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Łoboda A, Dulak J. Muscle and cardiac therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1227-1263. [PMID: 32691346 PMCID: PMC7550322 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular childhood disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration and results in functional decline, loss of ambulation and early death of young men due to cardiac or respiratory failure. Although the major cause of the disease has been known for many years-namely mutation in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, one of the largest human genes-DMD is still incurable, and its treatment is challenging. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of literature on the gene, cell, and pharmacological experimental therapies aimed at restoring functional dystrophin or to counteract the associated processes contributing to disease progression like inflammation, fibrosis, calcium signaling or angiogenesis was carried out. RESULTS Although some therapies lead to satisfying effects in skeletal muscle, they are highly ineffective in the heart; therefore, targeting defective cardiac and respiratory systems is vital in DMD patients. Unfortunately, most of the pharmacological compounds treat only the symptoms of the disease. Some drugs addressing the underlying cause, like eteplirsen, golodirsen, and ataluren, have recently been conditionally approved; however, they can correct only specific mutations in the DMD gene and are therefore suitable for small sub-populations of affected individuals. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the possible therapeutic options and describe the current status of various, still imperfect, strategies used for attenuating the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Łoboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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14
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Mensch A, Zierz S. Cellular Stress in the Pathogenesis of Muscular Disorders-From Cause to Consequence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165830. [PMID: 32823799 PMCID: PMC7461575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress has been considered a relevant pathogenetic factor in a variety of human diseases. Due to its primary functions by means of contractility, metabolism, and protein synthesis, the muscle cell is faced with continuous changes of cellular homeostasis that require rapid and coordinated adaptive mechanisms. Hence, a prone susceptibility to cellular stress in muscle is immanent. However, studies focusing on the cellular stress response in muscular disorders are limited. While in recent years there have been emerging indications regarding a relevant role of cellular stress in the pathophysiology of several muscular disorders, the underlying mechanisms are to a great extent incompletely understood. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding a deregulation of the cellular stress response in individual muscle diseases. Potential mechanisms, as well as involved pathways are critically discussed, and respective disease models are addressed. Furthermore, relevant therapeutic approaches that aim to abrogate defects of cellular stress response in muscular disorders are outlined.
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15
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Guivarc'h E, Favre J, Guihot AL, Vessières E, Grimaud L, Proux C, Rivron J, Barbelivien A, Fassot C, Briet M, Lenfant F, Fontaine C, Loufrani L, Arnal JF, Henrion D. Nuclear Activation Function 2 Estrogen Receptor α Attenuates Arterial and Renal Alterations Due to Aging and Hypertension in Female Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013895. [PMID: 32102616 PMCID: PMC7335584 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens in premenopausal women depend mainly on estrogen receptor α (ERα). ERα activates nuclear gene transcription regulation and membrane‐initiated signaling. The latter plays a key role in estrogen‐dependent activation of endothelial NO synthase. The goal of the present work was to determine the respective roles of the 2 ERα activities in endothelial function and cardiac and kidney damage in young and old female mice with hypertension, which is a major risk factor in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results Five‐ and 18‐month‐old female mice lacking either ERα (ERα−/−), the nuclear activating function AF2 of ERα (AF2°), or membrane‐located ERα (C451A) were treated with angiotensin II (0.5 mg/kg per day) for 1 month. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricle weight, vascular reactivity, and kidney function were then assessed. Angiotensin II increased systolic blood pressure, ventricle weight, and vascular contractility in ERα−/− and AF2° mice more than in wild‐type and C451A mice, independent of age. In both the aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries, angiotensin II and aging reduced endothelium‐dependent relaxation in all groups, but this effect was more pronounced in ERα−/− and AF2° than in the wild‐type and C451A mice. Kidney inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as blood urea and creatinine levels, were also more pronounced in old hypertensive ERα−/− and AF2° than in old hypertensive wild‐type and C451A mice. Conclusions The nuclear ERα‐AF2 dependent function attenuates angiotensin II–dependent hypertension and protects target organs in aging mice, whereas membrane ERα signaling does not seem to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Guivarc'h
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Julie Favre
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Emilie Vessières
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Jordan Rivron
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Agnès Barbelivien
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Céline Fassot
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Marie Briet
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France.,University Hospital of Angers Angers France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires Université de Toulouse 3 UMR INSERM 1048 Toulouse France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires Université de Toulouse 3 UMR INSERM 1048 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires Université de Toulouse 3 UMR INSERM 1048 Toulouse France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Angers University Angers France.,University Hospital of Angers Angers France
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16
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Bella P, Farini A, Banfi S, Parolini D, Tonna N, Meregalli M, Belicchi M, Erratico S, D'Ursi P, Bianco F, Legato M, Ruocco C, Sitzia C, Sangiorgi S, Villa C, D'Antona G, Milanesi L, Nisoli E, Mauri P, Torrente Y. Blockade of IGF2R improves muscle regeneration and ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11019. [PMID: 31793167 PMCID: PMC6949491 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating fatal X-linked muscle disorder. Recent findings indicate that IGFs play a central role in skeletal muscle regeneration and development. Among IGFs, insulinlike growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a key regulator of cell growth, survival, migration and differentiation. The type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R) modulates circulating and tissue levels of IGF2 by targeting it to lysosomes for degradation. We found that IGF2R and the store-operated Ca2+ channel CD20 share a common hydrophobic binding motif that stabilizes their association. Silencing CD20 decreased myoblast differentiation, whereas blockade of IGF2R increased proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts via the calmodulin/calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Remarkably, anti-IGF2R induced CD20 phosphorylation, leading to the activation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and removal of intracellular Ca2+ . Interestingly, we found that IGF2R expression was increased in dystrophic skeletal muscle of human DMD patients and mdx mice. Blockade of IGF2R by neutralizing antibodies stimulated muscle regeneration, induced force recovery and normalized capillary architecture in dystrophic mdx mice representing an encouraging starting point for the development of new biological therapies for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Hematology Department Fondazione IRCCSDepartment of Oncology and Hemato‐oncologyIstituto Nazionale dei TumoriUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Pasqualina D'Ursi
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Mariella Legato
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineCenter for Study and Research on ObesityMilan UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- UOC SMEL‐1Scuola di Specializzazione di Patologia Clinica e Biochimica ClinicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Simone Sangiorgi
- Neurosurgery UnitDepartment of SurgeryASST Lariana‐S. Anna HospitalComoItaly
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicinePavia UniversityPaviaItaly
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineCenter for Study and Research on ObesityMilan UniversityMilanItaly
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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17
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Potential Therapies Using Myogenic Stem Cells Combined with Bio-Engineering Approaches for Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091066. [PMID: 31514443 PMCID: PMC6769835 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding the structural components of myofibres. The current state-of-the-art treatment is oligonucleotide-based gene therapy that restores disease-related protein. However, this therapeutic approach has limited efficacy and is unlikely to be curative. While the number of studies focused on cell transplantation therapy has increased in the recent years, this approach remains challenging due to multiple issues related to the efficacy of engrafted cells, source of myogenic cells, and systemic injections. Technical innovation has contributed to overcoming cell source challenges, and in recent studies, a combination of muscle resident stem cells and gene editing has shown promise as a novel approach. Furthermore, improvement of the muscular environment both in cultured donor cells and in recipient MD muscles may potentially facilitate cell engraftment. Artificial skeletal muscle generated by myogenic cells and muscle resident cells is an alternate approach that may enable the replacement of damaged tissues. Here, we review the current status of myogenic stem cell transplantation therapy, describe recent advances, and discuss the remaining obstacles that exist in the search for a cure for MD patients.
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18
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Omentum acts as a regulatory organ controlling skeletal muscle repair of mdx mice diaphragm. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:269-279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Podkalicka P, Mucha O, Dulak J, Loboda A. Targeting angiogenesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1507-1528. [PMID: 30770952 PMCID: PMC6439152 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) represents one of the most devastating types of muscular dystrophies which affect boys already at early childhood. Despite the fact that the primary cause of the disease, namely the lack of functional dystrophin is known already for more than 30 years, DMD still remains an incurable disease. Thus, an enormous effort has been made during recent years to reveal novel mechanisms that could provide therapeutic targets for DMD, especially because glucocorticoids treatment acts mostly symptomatic and exerts many side effects, whereas the effectiveness of genetic approaches aiming at the restoration of functional dystrophin is under the constant debate. Taking into account that dystrophin expression is not restricted to muscle cells, but is present also in, e.g., endothelial cells, alterations in angiogenesis process have been proposed to have a significant impact on DMD progression. Indeed, already before the discovery of dystrophin, several abnormalities in blood vessels structure and function have been revealed, suggesting that targeting angiogenesis could be beneficial in DMD. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the angiogenesis status both in animal models of DMD as well as in DMD patients, focusing on different organs as well as age- and sex-dependent effects. Moreover, we will critically discuss some approaches such as modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor or nitric oxide related pathways, to enhance angiogenesis and attenuate the dystrophic phenotype. Additionally, we will suggest the potential role of other mediators, such as heme oxygenase-1 or statins in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Podkalicka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Mucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Loboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Banfi S, D'Antona G, Ruocco C, Meregalli M, Belicchi M, Bella P, Erratico S, Donato E, Rossi F, Bifari F, Lonati C, Campaner S, Nisoli E, Torrente Y. Supplementation with a selective amino acid formula ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14659. [PMID: 30279586 PMCID: PMC6168581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common and severe forms of muscular dystrophy. Oxidative myofibre content, muscle vasculature architecture and exercise tolerance are impaired in DMD. Several studies have demonstrated that nutrient supplements ameliorate dystrophic features, thereby enhancing muscle performance. Here, we report that dietary supplementation with a specific branched-chain amino acid-enriched mixture (BCAAem) increased the abundance of oxidative muscle fibres associated with increased muscle endurance in dystrophic mdx mice. Amelioration of the fatigue index in BCAAem-treated mdx mice was caused by a cascade of events in the muscle tissue, which were promoted by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF induction led to recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitors (EPs), which increased the capillary density of dystrophic skeletal muscle. Functionally, BCAAem mitigated the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice without inducing dystrophin protein expression or replacing the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG) complex in the membrane, which is typically lost in DMD. BCAAem supplementation could be an effective adjuvant strategy in DMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Banfi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Department of Public Health, Molecular and Forensic Medicine, and Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Donato
- Centre for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Centre for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy.
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Tsikitis M, Galata Z, Mavroidis M, Psarras S, Capetanaki Y. Intermediate filaments in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1007-1031. [PMID: 30027462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are critical regulators in health and disease. The discovery of hundreds of mutations in IF genes and posttranslational modifications has been linked to a plethora of human diseases, including, among others, cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophies, progeria, blistering diseases of the epidermis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The major IF proteins that have been linked to cardiomyopathies and heart failure are the muscle-specific cytoskeletal IF protein desmin and the nuclear IF protein lamin, as a subgroup of the known desminopathies and laminopathies, respectively. The studies so far, both with healthy and diseased heart, have demonstrated the importance of these IF protein networks in intracellular and intercellular integration of structure and function, mechanotransduction and gene activation, cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival, mitochondrial homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism. The high coordination of all these processes is obviously of great importance for the maintenance of proper, life-lasting, and continuous contraction of this highly organized cardiac striated muscle and consequently a healthy heart. In this review, we will cover most known information on the role of IFs in the above processes and how their deficiency or disruption leads to cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Galata
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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22
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Milad N, White Z, Tehrani AY, Sellers S, Rossi FMV, Bernatchez P. Increased plasma lipid levels exacerbate muscle pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28899419 PMCID: PMC5596936 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin expression and leads to severe ambulatory and cardiac function decline. However, the dystrophin-deficient mdx murine model of DMD only develops a very mild form of the disease. Our group and others have shown vascular abnormalities in animal models of MD, a likely consequence of the fact that blood vessels express the same dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) proteins as skeletal muscles. Methods To test the blood vessel contribution to muscle damage in DMD, mdx4cv mice were given elevated lipid levels via apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene knockout combined with normal chow or lipid-rich Western diets. Ambulatory function and heart function (via echocardiogram) were assessed at 4 and 7 months of age. After sacrifice, muscle histology and aortic staining were used to assess muscle pathology and atherosclerosis development, respectively. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and creatine kinase (CK) were also measured. Results Although there was an increase in left ventricular heart volume in mdx-ApoE mice compared to that in mdx mice, parameters of heart function were not affected. Compared with wild-type and ApoE-null, only mdx-ApoE KO mice showed significant ambulatory dysfunction. Despite no significant difference in plasma CK, histological analyses revealed that elevated plasma lipids in chow- and Western diet-fed mdx-ApoE mice was associated with severe exacerbation of muscle pathology compared to mdx mice: significant increase in myofiber damage and fibrofatty replacement in the gastrocnemius and triceps brachii muscles, more reminiscent of human DMD pathology. Finally, although both ApoE and mdx-ApoE groups displayed increased plasma lipids, mdx-ApoE exhibited atherosclerotic plaque deposition equal to or less than that of ApoE mice. Conclusions Since others have shown that lipid abnormalities correlate with DMD severity, our data suggest that plasma lipids could be primary contributors to human DMD severity and that the notoriously mild phenotype of mdx mice might be attributable in part to their endogenously low plasma lipid profiles. Hence, DMD patients may benefit from lipid-lowering and vascular-targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-017-0135-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Milad
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), 217-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Rm 166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoe White
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), 217-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Rm 166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arash Y Tehrani
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), 217-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Rm 166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), 217-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Rm 166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), 217-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Rm 166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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23
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Ryan TD, Parent JJ, Gao Z, Khoury PR, Dupont E, Smith JN, Wong B, Urbina EM, Jefferies JL. Central Arterial Function Measured by Non-invasive Pulse Wave Analysis is Abnormal in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Pediatr Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28639151 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutation of dystrophin. Cardiovascular involvement includes dilated cardiomyopathy. Non-invasive assessment of vascular function has not been evaluated in DMD. We hypothesize arterial wave reflection is abnormal in patients with DMD. Pulse wave analysis was performed on DMD patients with a SphygmoCor SCOR-PVx System to determine central blood pressure and augmentation index (AIx) as an assessment of arterial wave reflection. Results were compared to a control group. A total of 43 patients with DMD were enrolled, and compared to 43 normal controls. Central systolic blood pressure was lower, while both AIx-75 (7.8 ± 9.6% vs. 2.1 ± 10.4%, p 0.01, DMD vs. normal) and AIx-not corrected (16.8 ± 10.1% vs. -3.6 ± 10.9, p < 0.001, DMD vs. normal) were higher in the DMD compared to control. Using multivariable linear regression model, the variables found to have a significant effect on AIx-not corrected included diagnosis of DMD, height, and heart rate (r 2 = 0.257). The current data suggest that, despite lower central systolic blood pressure, patients with DMD have higher wave reflection when compared to normal controls, which may represent increased arterial stiffness. Overall there appears to be no effect on ventricular systolic function, however the long-term consequence in this group is unknown. Further study is required to determine the mechanism of these differences, which may be related to the effects of systemic steroids or the role of dystrophin in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Ryan
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
| | - John J Parent
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhiqian Gao
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Philip R Khoury
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dupont
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jennifer N Smith
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Brenda Wong
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - John L Jefferies
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
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24
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Gutpell KM, Tasevski N, Wong B, Hrinivich WT, Su F, Hadway J, Desjardins L, Lee TY, Hoffman LM. ANG1 treatment reduces muscle pathology and prevents a decline in perfusion in DMD mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174315. [PMID: 28334037 PMCID: PMC5363921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other pro-angiogenic growth factors have been investigated to enhance muscle tissue perfusion and repair in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Current understanding is limited by a lack of functional data following in vivo delivery of these growth factors. We previously used dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography to monitor disease progression in murine models of DMD, but no study to date has utilized this imaging technique to assess vascular therapy in a preclinical model of DMD. In the current study, we locally delivered VEGF and ANG1 alone or in combination to dystrophic hind limb skeletal muscle. Using functional imaging, we found the combination treatment as well as ANG1 alone prevented decline in muscle perfusion whereas VEGF alone had no effect compared to controls. These findings were validated histologically as demonstrated by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels in muscles that received either VEGF+ANG1 or ANG1 alone compared to the sham group. We further show that ANG1 alone slows progression of fibrosis compared to either sham or VEGF treatment. The findings from this study shed new light on the functional effects of vascular therapy and suggest that ANG1 alone may be a candidate therapy in the treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Gutpell
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Boaz Wong
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Thomas Hrinivich
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Su
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Marie Hoffman
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Capogrosso RF, Mantuano P, Cozzoli A, Sanarica F, Massari AM, Conte E, Fonzino A, Giustino A, Rolland JF, Quaranta A, De Bellis M, Camerino GM, Grange RW, De Luca A. Contractile efficiency of dystrophic mdx mouse muscle: in vivo and ex vivo assessment of adaptation to exercise of functional end points. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:828-843. [PMID: 28057817 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00776.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive weakness is a typical feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and is exacerbated in the benign mdx mouse model by in vivo treadmill exercise. We hypothesized a different threshold for functional adaptation of mdx muscles in response to the duration of the exercise protocol. In vivo weakness was confirmed by grip strength after 4, 8, and 12 wk of exercise in mdx mice. Torque measurements revealed that exercise-related weakness in mdx mice correlated with the duration of the protocol, while wild-type (WT) mice were stronger. Twitch and tetanic forces of isolated diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were lower in mdx compared with WT mice. In mdx, both muscle types exhibited greater weakness after a single exercise bout, but only in EDL after a long exercise protocol. As opposite to WT muscles, mdx EDL ones did not show any exercise-induced adaptations against eccentric contraction force drop. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the maladaptation of genes involved in metabolic and structural remodeling, while damage-related genes remained significantly upregulated and angiogenesis impaired. Phosphorylated AMP kinase level increased only in exercised WT muscle. The severe histopathology and the high levels of muscular TGF-β1 and of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 confirmed the persistence of muscle damage in mdx mice. Therefore, dystrophic muscles showed a partial degree of functional adaptation to chronic exercise, although not sufficient to overcome weakness nor signs of damage. The improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying maladaptation of dystrophic muscle paves the way to a better managment of DMD patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We focused on the adaptation/maladaptation of dystrophic mdx mouse muscles to a standard protocol of exercise to provide guidance in the development of more effective drug and physical therapies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mdx muscles showed a modest functional adaptation to chronic exercise, but it was not sufficient to overcome the progressive in vivo weakness, nor to counter signs of muscle damage. Therefore, a complex involvement of multiple systems underlies the maladaptive response of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Francesca Capogrosso
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Drug Studies, Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel," Tirana, Albany
| | - Paola Mantuano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Cozzoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanarica
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Massari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Rolland
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Quaranta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy;
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26
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Doorenweerd N, Dumas EM, Ghariq E, Schmid S, Straathof CSM, Roest AAW, Wokke BH, van Zwet EW, Webb AG, Hendriksen JGM, van Buchem MA, Verschuuren JJGM, Asllani I, Niks EH, van Osch MJP, Kan HE. Decreased cerebral perfusion in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 27:29-37. [PMID: 27927595 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by dystrophin gene mutations which lead to the absence of the protein dystrophin. A significant proportion of patients suffer from learning and behavioural disabilities, in addition to muscle weakness. We have previously shown that these patients have a smaller total brain and grey matter volume, and altered white matter microstructure compared to healthy controls. Patients with more distal gene mutations, predicted to affect dystrophin isoforms Dp140 and Dp427, showed greater grey matter reduction. Now, we studied if cerebral blood flow in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients is altered, since cerebral expression of dystrophin also occurs in vascular endothelial cells and astrocytes associated with cerebral vasculature. T1-weighted anatomical and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow images were obtained from 26 patients and 19 age-matched controls (ages 8-18 years) on a 3 tesla MRI scanner. Group comparisons of cerebral blood flow were made with and without correcting for grey matter volume using partial volume correction. Results showed that patients had a lower cerebral blood flow than controls (40.0 ± 6.4 and 47.8 ± 6.3 mL/100 g/min respectively, p = 0.0002). This reduction was independent of grey matter volume, suggesting that they are two different aspects of the pathophysiology. Cerebral blood flow was lowest in patients lacking Dp140. There was no difference in CBF between ambulant and non-ambulant patients. Only three patients showed a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. No correlation between cerebral blood flow and age was found. Our results indicate that cerebral perfusion is reduced in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients independent of the reduced grey matter volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Doorenweerd
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Eve M Dumas
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eidrees Ghariq
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schmid
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara S M Straathof
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arno A W Roest
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs H Wokke
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W van Zwet
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Webb
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iris Asllani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erik H Niks
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermien E Kan
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Latroche C, Gitiaux C, Chrétien F, Desguerre I, Mounier R, Chazaud B. Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature: A Highly Dynamic Lifeline. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:417-27. [PMID: 26525341 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly irrigated by blood vessels. Beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, new vessel functions have been identified. This review presents vessel microanatomy and functions at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Mechanisms of vessel plasticity are described during skeletal muscle development and acute regeneration, and in physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
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28
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Li K, Turner AN, Chen M, Brosius SN, Schoeb TR, Messiaen LM, Bedwell DM, Zinn KR, Anastasaki C, Gutmann DH, Korf BR, Kesterson RA. Mice with missense and nonsense NF1 mutations display divergent phenotypes compared with human neurofibromatosis type I. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:759-67. [PMID: 27482814 PMCID: PMC4958313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder characterized by the occurrence of nerve sheath tumors and considerable clinical heterogeneity. Some translational studies have been limited by the lack of animal models available for assessing patient-specific mutations. In order to test therapeutic approaches that might restore function to the mutated gene or gene product, we developed mice harboring NF1 patient-specific mutations including a nonsense mutation (c.2041C>T; p.Arg681*) and a missense mutation (c.2542G>C; p.Gly848Arg). The latter is associated with the development of multiple plexiform neurofibromas along spinal nerve roots. We demonstrate that the human nonsense NF1(Arg681*) and missense NF1(Gly848Arg) mutations have different effects on neurofibromin expression in the mouse and each recapitulates unique aspects of the NF1 phenotype, depending upon the genetic context when assessed in the homozygous state or when paired with a conditional knockout allele. Whereas the missense Nf1(Gly848Arg) mutation fails to produce an overt phenotype in the mouse, animals homozygous for the nonsense Nf1(Arg681*) mutation are not viable. Mice with one Nf1(Arg681*) allele in combination with a conditional floxed Nf1 allele and the DhhCre transgene (Nf1(4F/Arg681*); DhhCre) display disorganized nonmyelinating axons and neurofibromas along the spinal column, which leads to compression of the spinal cord and paralysis. This model will be valuable for preclinical testing of novel nonsense suppression therapies using drugs to target in-frame point mutations that create premature termination codons in individuals with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Li
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ashley N Turner
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephanie N Brosius
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David M Bedwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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29
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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30
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Stelter Z, Strakova J, Yellamilli A, Fischer K, Sharpe K, Townsend D. Hypoxia-induced cardiac injury in dystrophic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H938-48. [PMID: 26851247 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00917.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease of progressive destruction of striated muscle, resulting in muscle weakness with progressive respiratory and cardiac failure. Respiratory and cardiac disease are the leading causes of death in DMD patients. Previous studies have suggested an important link between cardiac dysfunction and hypoxia in the dystrophic heart; these studies aim to understand the mechanism underlying this connection. Here we demonstrate that anesthetized dystrophic mice display significant mortality following acute exposure to hypoxia. This increased mortality is associated with a significant metabolic acidosis, despite having significantly higher levels of arterial Po2 Chronic hypoxia does not result in mortality, but rather is characterized by marked cardiac fibrosis. Studies in isolated hearts reveal that the contractile function of dystrophic hearts is highly susceptible to short bouts of ischemia, but these hearts tolerate prolonged acidosis better than wild-type hearts, indicating an increased sensitivity of the dystrophic heart to hypoxia. Dystrophic hearts display decreased cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction. Isolated dystrophic cardiomyocytes and hearts have normal levels of FCCP-induced oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial morphology and content are normal in the dystrophic heart. These studies demonstrate reductions in cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction of the dystrophic heart. The underlying cause of this reduced oxygen extraction is not clear; however, the current studies suggest that large disruptions of mitochondrial respiratory function or coronary flow regulation are not responsible. This finding is significant, as hypoxia is a common and largely preventable component of DMD that may contribute to the progression of the cardiac disease in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Stelter
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jana Strakova
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amritha Yellamilli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kaleb Fischer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Katharine Sharpe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Blood flow is intimately linked with cardiovascular development, repair and dysfunction. The current review will build on the fluid mechanical principle underlying haemodynamic shear forces, mechanotransduction and metabolic effects. RECENT FINDINGS Pulsatile flow produces both time (∂τ/∂t) and spatial-varying shear stress (∂τ/∂x) to modulate vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory response with pathophysiological significance to atherosclerosis. The characteristics of haemodynamic shear forces, namely, steady laminar (∂τ/∂t = 0), pulsatile shear stress (PSS: unidirectional forward flow) and oscillatory shear stress (bidirectional with a near net 0 forward flow), modulate mechano-signal transduction to influence metabolic effects on vascular endothelial function. Atheroprotective PSS promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic responses, whereas atherogenic oscillatory shear stress induces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-JNK signalling to increase mitochondrial superoxide production, protein degradation of manganese superoxide dismutase and post-translational protein modifications of LDL particles in the disturbed flow-exposed regions of vasculature. In the era of tissue regeneration, shear stress has been implicated in reactivation of developmental genes, namely, Wnt and Notch signalling, for vascular development and repair. SUMMARY Blood flow imparts a dynamic continuum from vascular development to repair. Augmentation of PSS confers atheroprotection and reactivation of developmental signalling pathways for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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32
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Latroche C, Matot B, Martins-Bach A, Briand D, Chazaud B, Wary C, Carlier PG, Chrétien F, Jouvion G. Structural and Functional Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature in Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2482-94. [PMID: 26193666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease, caused by an absence of dystrophin, inevitably leading to death. Although muscle lesions are well characterized, blood vessel alterations that may have a major impact on muscle regeneration remain poorly understood. Our aim was to elucidate alterations of the vascular network organization, taking advantage of Flk1(GFP/+) crossed with mdx mice (model for human DMD where all blood vessels express green fluorescent protein) and functional repercussions using in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance, combining arterial spin-labeling imaging of perfusion, and (31)P-spectroscopy of phosphocreatine kinetics. For the first time, our study focused on old (12-month-old) mdx mice, displaying marked chronic muscle lesions, similar to the lesions observed in human DMD, in comparison to young-adult (3-month-old) mdx mice displaying only mild muscle lesions with no fibrosis. By using an original approach combining a specific animal model, state-of-the-art histology/morphometry techniques, and functional nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrated that the microvascular system is almost normal in young-adult in contrast to old mdx mice, displaying marked microvessel alterations, and the functional repercussions on muscle perfusion and bioenergetics after a hypoxic stress vary depending on stage of pathology. This original approach clarifies disease evolution and paves the way for setting up new diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; The French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Matot
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Aurea Martins-Bach
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France; Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histology, Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Briand
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- The French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wary
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Neuropathology Department, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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Implications for Cardiac Function Following Rescue of the Dystrophic Diaphragm in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11632. [PMID: 26113184 PMCID: PMC4586900 DOI: 10.1038/srep11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by absence of the integral structural protein, dystrophin, which renders muscle fibres susceptible to injury and degeneration. This ultimately results in cardiorespiratory dysfunction, which is the predominant cause of death in DMD patients, and highlights the importance of therapeutic targeting of the cardiorespiratory system. While there is some evidence to suggest that restoring dystrophin in the diaphragm improves both respiratory and cardiac function, the role of the diaphragm is not well understood. Here using exon skipping oligonucleotides we predominantly restored dystrophin in the diaphragm and assessed cardiac function by MRI. This approach reduced diaphragmatic pathophysiology and markedly improved diaphragm function but did not improve cardiac function or pathophysiology, with or without exercise. Interestingly, exercise resulted in a reduction of dystrophin protein and exon skipping in the diaphragm. This suggests that treatment regimens may require modification in more active patients. In conclusion, whilst the diaphragm is an important respiratory muscle, it is likely that dystrophin needs to be restored in other tissues, including multiple accessory respiratory muscles, and of course the heart itself for appropriate therapeutic outcomes. This supports the requirement of a body-wide therapy to treat DMD.
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Fosso MY, Li Y, Garneau-Tsodikova S. New trends in aminoglycosides use. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1075-1091. [PMID: 25071928 PMCID: PMC4111210 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their inherent toxicity and the acquired bacterial resistance that continuously threaten their long-term clinical use, aminoglycosides (AGs) still remain valuable components of the antibiotic armamentarium. Recent literature shows that the AGs' role has been further expanded as multi-tasking players in different areas of study. This review aims at presenting some of the new trends observed in the use of AGs in the past decade, along with the current understanding of their mechanisms of action in various bacterial and eukaryotic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Y. Fosso
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
| | - Yijia Li
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, BioPharm Complex, Room 423, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, U.S.A
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Bedarida T, Baron S, Vessieres E, Vibert F, Ayer A, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Henrion D, Paul JL, Noble F, Golmard JL, Beaudeux JL, Cottart CH, Nivet-Antoine V. High-protein-low-carbohydrate diet: deleterious metabolic and cardiovascular effects depend on age. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H649-57. [PMID: 25015969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00291.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-protein-low-carbohydrate (HP-LC) diets have become widespread. Yet their deleterious consequences, especially on glucose metabolism and arteries, have already been underlined. Our previous study (2) has already shown glucose intolerance with major arterial dysfunction in very old mice subjected to an HP-LC diet. The hypothesis of this work was that this diet had an age-dependent deleterious metabolic and cardiovascular outcome. Two groups of mice, young and adult (3 and 6 mo old), were subjected for 12 wk to a standard or to an HP-LC diet. Glucose and lipid metabolism was studied. The cardiovascular system was explored from the functional stage with Doppler-echography to the molecular stage (arterial reactivity, mRNA, immunohistochemistry). Young mice did not exhibit any significant metabolic modification, whereas adult mice presented marked glucose intolerance associated with an increase in resistin and triglyceride levels. These metabolic disturbances were responsible for cardiovascular damages only in adult mice, with decreased aortic distensibility and left ventricle dysfunction. These seemed to be the consequence of arterial dysfunctions. Mesenteric arteries were the worst affected with a major oxidative stress, whereas aorta function seemed to be maintained with an appreciable role of cyclooxygenase-2 to preserve endothelial function. This study highlights for the first time the age-dependent deleterious effects of an HP-LC diet on metabolism, with glucose intolerance and lipid disorders and vascular (especially microvessels) and cardiac functions. This work shows that HP-LC lead to equivalent cardiovascular alterations, as observed in very old age, and underlines the danger of such diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bedarida
- Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1140 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Baron
- Department of Physiology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Unite Mixte de Recherche-S U970 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France;
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Francoise Vibert
- Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1139 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Ayer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | | | - Daniel Henrion
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; EA 4529, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Sud University, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Noble
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 705 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 8206, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- ER4/EA 3974, Modeling in Clinical Research, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Beaudeux
- Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1139 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Clinical Biochemistry, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Cottart
- Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1139 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Unite Mixte de Recherche 1151 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Nivet-Antoine
- Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1140 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Department of Biochemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Nonsense-mediated decay in genetic disease: friend or foe? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:52-64. [PMID: 25485595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells utilize various RNA quality control mechanisms to ensure high fidelity of gene expression, thus protecting against the accumulation of nonfunctional RNA and the subsequent production of abnormal peptides. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are largely responsible for protein production, and mRNA quality control is particularly important for protecting the cell against the downstream effects of genetic mutations. Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is an evolutionarily conserved mRNA quality control system in all eukaryotes that degrades transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs). By degrading these aberrant transcripts, NMD acts to prevent the production of truncated proteins that could otherwise harm the cell through various insults, such as dominant negative effects or the ER stress response. Although NMD functions to protect the cell against the deleterious effects of aberrant mRNA, there is a growing body of evidence that mutation-, codon-, gene-, cell-, and tissue-specific differences in NMD efficiency can alter the underlying pathology of genetic disease. In addition, the protective role that NMD plays in genetic disease can undermine current therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing the production of full-length functional protein from genes harboring nonsense mutations. Here, we review the normal function of this RNA surveillance pathway and how it is regulated, provide current evidence for the role that it plays in modulating genetic disease phenotypes, and how NMD can be used as a therapeutic target.
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Time-related alteration in flow- (shear stress-) mediated remodeling in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Hypertens 2014; 2014:859793. [PMID: 24900916 PMCID: PMC4034663 DOI: 10.1155/2014/859793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. As flow-mediated outward remodeling has a key role in postischemic revascularization, we investigated this remodeling in mesenteric resistance arteries of normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 3 to 9 months. Sequential ligation of mesenteric resistance arteries allowed modifying blood flow in vivo, thus exposing arteries to low, normal, or high flow. After 1, 3, 8, or 24 weeks, arteries were isolated for in vitro study. High flow (HF) induced outward hypertrophic remodeling in WKY rats after 1 week and persisted until 24 weeks without change in wall to lumen ratio. In SHRs, diameter increase was delayed, occurring only after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, it was reduced at 8 weeks and no longer significant after 24 weeks. In parallel, media cross-section area increased more with time in SHRs than in WKY rats and this was associated with increased contractility and oxidative stress with decreased NO-dependent relaxation. Low flow induced progressive inward remodeling until 24 weeks in both strains with excessive hypertrophy in SHRs. Thus, a chronic increase in flow induced transitory diameter expansion and long-lasting hypertrophy in SHRs. This could contribute to the higher susceptibility of hypertensive subjects to ischemic diseases.
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Guo J, Sachs F, Meng F. Fluorescence-based force/tension sensors: a novel tool to visualize mechanical forces in structural proteins in live cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:986-99. [PMID: 24205787 PMCID: PMC3924807 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Three signaling systems, chemical, electrical, and mechanical, ubiquitously contribute to cellular activities. There is limited information on the mechanical signaling system because of a lack of tools to measure stress in specific proteins. Although significant advances in methodologies such as atomic force microscopy and laser tweezers have achieved great success in single molecules and measuring the mean properties of cells and tissues, they cannot deal with specific proteins in live cells. RECENT ADVANCES To remedy the situation, we developed a family of genetically encoded optical force sensors to measure the stress in structural proteins in living cells. The sensors can be incorporated into specific proteins and are not harmful in transgenic animals. The chimeric proteins distribute and function as their wild-type counterparts, and local stress can be read out from changes in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). CRITICAL ISSUES Our original sensor used two mutant green fluorescence proteins linked by an alpha helix that served as a linking spring. Ever since, we have improved the probe design in a number of ways. For example, we replaced the helical linker with more common elastic protein domains to better match the compliance of the wild-type hosts. We greatly improved sensitivity by using the angular dependence of FRET rather than the distance dependence as the transduction mechanism, because that has nearly 100% efficiency at rest and nearly zero when stretched. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These probes enable researchers to investigate the roles of mechanical force in cellular activities at the level of single molecules, cells, tissues, and whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Asakura A. Angiogenesis as a novel therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy through decreased ischemia and increased satellite cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:50. [PMID: 24600399 PMCID: PMC3927135 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common hereditary muscular dystrophy caused by mutation in dystrophin, and there is no curative therapy. Dystrophin is a protein which forms the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) at the sarcolemma linking the muscle cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. When dystrophin is absent, muscle fibers become vulnerable to mechanical stretch. In addition to this, accumulating evidence indicates DMD muscle having vascular abnormalities and that the muscles are under an ischemic condition. More recent studies demonstrate decreased vascular densities and impaired angiogenesis in the muscles of murine model of DMD. Therefore, generation of new vasculature can be considered a potentially effective strategy for DMD therapy. The pro-angiogenic approaches also seem to be pro-myogenic and could induce muscle regeneration capacity through expansion of the satellite cell juxtavascular niche in the mouse model. Here, we will focus on angiogenesis, reviewing the background, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor-pathway, effect, and concerns of this strategy in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Palladino M, Gatto I, Neri V, Straino S, Smith RC, Silver M, Gaetani E, Marcantoni M, Giarretta I, Stigliano E, Capogrossi M, Hlatky L, Landolfi R, Pola R. Angiogenic impairment of the vascular endothelium: a novel mechanism and potential therapeutic target in muscular dystrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2867-76. [PMID: 24072696 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dystrophin, the missing or defective protein in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is expressed not only in muscle cells but also in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, we assessed the effects of dystrophin deficiency on the angiogenic capacities of ECs. APPROACH AND RESULTS We isolated vascular ECs from mdx mice, the murine equivalent of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, and wild-type controls, and we found that mdx-derived ECs have impaired angiogenic properties, in terms of migration, proliferation, and tube formation. They also undergo increased apoptosis in vitro compared with wild-type cells and have increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Mdx-derived ECs also display reduced ability to support myoblast proliferation when cocultured with satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts. These endothelial defects are mirrored by systemic impairment of angiogenesis in vivo, both on induction of ischemia, stimulation with growth factors in the corneal model and matrigel plug assays, and tumor growth. We also found that dystrophin forms a complex with endothelial NO synthase and caveolin-1 in ECs, and that NO production and cGMP formation are compromised in ECs isolated from mdx mice. Interestingly, treatment with aspirin enhances production of both cGMP and NO in dystrophic ECs, whereas low-dose aspirin improves the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice in vivo, in terms of resistance to physical exercise, muscle fiber permeability, and capillary density. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that impaired angiogenesis is a novel player and potential therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Palladino
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine (M.P., V.N., R.C.S., M.S., R.P.), and Center of Cancer Systems Biology (R.C.S., L.H., R.P.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics and Department of Medicine, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy (M.P., I.G., V.N., E.G., M.M., I.G., E.S., R.L., R.P.); and Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IDI Research Institute, Rome, Italy (S.S., M.C.)
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Wang G, Lu Q. A Nitrate Ester of Sedative Alkyl Alcohol Improves Muscle Function and Structure in a Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3862-70. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guqi Wang
- McColl-Lockwood
Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, United
States
| | - Qilong Lu
- McColl-Lockwood
Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, United
States
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Jendzjowsky NG, DeLorey DS. Role of neuronal nitric oxide in the inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle of healthy rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:97-106. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00250.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform-specific nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) contributions to NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle of healthy rats. We hypothesized that acute pharmacological inhibition of nNOS would augment sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle, demonstrating that nNOS is primarily responsible for NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction. Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 13) were anesthetized and instrumented with an indwelling brachial artery catheter, femoral artery flow probe, and lumbar sympathetic chain stimulating electrodes. Triceps surae muscles were stimulated to contract rhythmically at 60% of maximal contractile force. In series 1 ( n = 9), the percent change in femoral vascular conductance (%FVC) in response to sympathetic stimulations delivered at 2 and 5 Hz was determined at rest and during muscle contraction before and after selective nNOS blockade with S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC, 0.6 mg/kg iv) and subsequent nonselective NOS blockade with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 5 mg/kg iv). In series 2 ( n = 4), l-NAME was injected first, and then SMTC was injected to determine if the effect of l-NAME on constrictor responses was influenced by selective nNOS inhibition. Sympathetic stimulation decreased FVC at rest (−25 ± 7 and −44 ± 8%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively) and during contraction (−7 ± 3 and −19 ± 5%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively). The decrease in FVC in response to sympathetic stimulation was greater in the presence of SMTC at rest (−32 ± 6 and −49 ± 8%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively) and during contraction (−21 ± 4 and −28 ± 4%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively). l-NAME further increased ( P < 0.05) the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response at rest (−47 ± 4 and −60 ± 6%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively) and during muscle contraction (−33 ± 3 and −40 ± 6%FVC at 2 and 5 Hz, respectively). The effect of l-NAME was not altered by the order of nNOS inhibition. These data demonstrate that NO derived from nNOS and endothelial NOS contribute to the inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Jendzjowsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Darren S. DeLorey
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Baron S, Bedarida T, Cottart CH, Vibert F, Vessieres E, Ayer A, Henrion D, Hommeril B, Paul JL, Renault G, Saubamea B, Beaudeux JL, Procaccio V, Nivet-Antoine V. Dual effects of resveratrol on arterial damage induced by insulin resistance in aged mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:260-9. [PMID: 23793060 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to increased insulin resistance and arterial dysfunction, with oxidative stress playing an important role. This study explored the metabolic and arterial effects of a chronic treatment with resveratrol, an antioxidant polyphenol compound that has been shown to restore insulin sensitivity and decrease oxidative stress, in old mice with or without a high-protein diet renutrition care. High-protein diet tended to increase insulin resistance and atheromatous risk. Resveratrol improved insulin sensitivity in old mice fed standard diet by decreasing homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance and resistin levels. However, resveratrol did not improve insulin resistance status in old mice receiving the high-protein diet. In contrast, resveratrol exhibited deleterious effects by increasing inflammation state and superoxide production and diminishing aortic distensibility. In conclusion, we demonstrate that resveratrol has beneficial or deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity and arterial function, depending on nutritional status in our models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Baron
- PharmD, Viva Team-EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité 75006, Paris Cedex, France.
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A new series of small molecular weight compounds induce read through of all three types of nonsense mutations in the ATM gene. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1653-60. [PMID: 23774824 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical-induced read through of premature stop codons might be exploited as a potential treatment strategy for genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations. Despite the promise of this approach, only a few read-through compounds (RTCs) have been discovered to date. These include aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin and G418) and nonaminoglycosides (e.g., PTC124 and RTC13). The therapeutic benefits of these RTCs remain to be determined. In an effort to find new RTCs, we screened an additional ~36,000 small molecular weight compounds using a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay that we had previously developed and identified two novel RTCs, GJ071, and GJ072. The activity of these two compounds was confirmed in cells derived from ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) patients with three different types of nonsense mutation in the ATM gene. Both compounds showed activity comparable to stop codons (TGA, TAG, and TAA) PTC124 and RTC13. Early structure-activity relationship studies generated eight active analogs of GJ072. Most of those analogs were effective on all three stop codons. GJ071 and GJ072, and some of the GJ072 analogs, appeared to be well tolerated by A-T cells. We also identified another two active RTCs in the primary screen, RTC204 and RTC219, which share a key structural feature with GJ072 and its analogs.
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Perkins KJ, Davies KE. Recent advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 2:141-164. [PMID: 30890885 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an allelic X-linked progressive muscle-wasting disease, is one of the most common single-gene disorders in the developed world. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic causation and resultant pathophysiology from lack of dystrophin protein at the muscle sarcolemma, clinical intervention is currently restricted to symptom management. In recent years, however, unprecedented advances in strategies devised to correct the primary defect through gene- and cell-based therapeutics hold particular promise for treating dystrophic muscle. Conventional gene replacement and endogenous modification strategies have greatly benefited from continued improvements in encapsidation capacity, transduction efficiency, and systemic delivery. In particular, RNA-based modifying approaches such as exon skipping enable expression of a shorter but functional dystrophin protein and rapid progress toward clinical application. Emerging combined gene- and cell-therapy strategies also illustrate particular promise in enabling ex vivo genetic correction and autologous transplantation to circumvent a number of immune challenges. These approaches are complemented by a vast array of pharmacological approaches, in particular the successful identification of molecules that enable functional replacement or ameliorate secondary DMD pathology. Animal models have been instrumental in providing proof of principle for many of these strategies, leading to several recent trials that have investigated their efficacy in DMD patients. Although none has reached the point of clinical use, rapid improvements in experimental technology and design draw this goal ever closer. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to DMD, with particular emphasis on recent progress in strategic development, preclinical evaluation and establishment of clinical efficacy. Further, we discuss the numerous challenges faced and synergistic approaches being devised to combat dystrophic pathology effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Perkins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology.,MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Kay E Davies
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
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Abstract
Current concepts of mechanosensation are general and applicable to almost every cell type. However, striated muscle cells are distinguished by their ability to generate strong forces via actin/myosin interaction, and this process is fine-tuned for optimum contractility. This aspect, unique for actively contracting cells, may be defined as "sensing of the magnitude and dynamics of contractility," as opposed to the well-known concepts of the "perception of extracellular mechanical stimuli." The acto/myosin interaction, by producing changes in ATP, ADP, Pi, and force on a millisecond timescale, may be regarded as a novel and previously unappreciated mechanosensory mechanism. In addition, sarcomeric mechanosensory structures, such as the Z-disc, are directly linked to autophagy, survival, and cell death-related pathways. One emerging example is telethonin and its ability to interfere with p53 metabolism and hence apoptosis (mechanoptosis). In this article, we introduce contractility per se as an important mechanosensory mechanism, and we differentiate extracellular from intracellular mechanosensory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Knöll
- Heart Science Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Lee HLR, Dougherty JP. Pharmaceutical therapies to recode nonsense mutations in inherited diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:227-66. [PMID: 22820013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense codons, generated from nonsense mutations or frameshifts, contribute significantly to the spectrum of inherited human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, spinal muscular atrophy, and many forms of cancer. The presence of a mutant nonsense codon results in premature termination to preclude the synthesis of a full-length protein and leads to aberrations in gene expression. Suppression therapy to recode a premature termination codon with an amino acid allowing readthrough to rescue the production of a full-length protein presents a promising strategy for treatment of patients suffering from debilitating nonsense-mediated disorders. Suppression therapy using aminoglycosides to promote readthrough in vitro have been known since the sixties. Recent progress in the field of recoding via pharmaceuticals has led to the continuous discovery and development of several pharmacological agents with nonsense suppression activities. Here, we review the mechanisms that are involved in discriminating normal versus premature termination codons, the factors involved in readthrough efficiency, the epidemiology of several well-known nonsense-mediated diseases, and the various pharmacological agents (aminoglycoside and non-aminoglycoside compounds) that are currently being employed in nonsense suppression therapy studies. We also discuss how these therapeutic agents can be used to regulate gene expression for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Rose Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Malik V, Rodino-Klapac LR, Viollet L, Mendell JR. Aminoglycoside-induced mutation suppression (stop codon readthrough) as a therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011; 3:379-89. [PMID: 21179598 DOI: 10.1177/1756285610388693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common, lethal, X-linked genetic disease, affecting 1 in 3500 newborn males. It is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. Owing to the large size of the gene, the mutation rate in both germline and somatic cells is very high. Nearly 13-15% of DMD cases are caused by nonsense mutations leading to premature termination codons in the reading frame that results in truncated dystrophin protein. Currently there is no cure for DMD. The only available treatment is the use of glucocorticoids that have modest beneficial effects accompanied by significant side effects. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed ranging from gene therapy to exon skipping and nonsense mutation suppression to produce the full-length protein. These strategies have shown promise in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy where they have been reported to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype and correct the physiological defects in the membrane. Each of these molecular approaches are being investigated in clinical trials. Here we review nonsense mutation suppression by aminoglycosides as a therapeutic strategy to treat DMD with special emphasis on gentamicin-induced readthrough of disease-causing premature termination codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Malik
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lombard JH. Microcirculation in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: another blow to the vascular hypothesis? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:587-8. [PMID: 21212249 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00001.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Baron-Menguy C, Toutain B, Cousin M, Dumont O, Guihot AL, Vessières E, Subra JF, Custaud MA, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Involvement of angiotensin II in the remodeling induced by a chronic decrease in blood flow in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:857-66. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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