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Tao P, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Chang L, Li C, Ge X, Zuo T, Lu S, Ruan Y, Yang Z, Xu P. Damaged collagen detected by collagen hybridizing peptide as efficient diagnosis marker for early hepatic fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194928. [PMID: 36948453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in liver tissues. However, it still has been lacking of early detection and diagnosis methods. The collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) is a novel synthetic peptide that enables detection of collagen damage and tissue remodeling. Here, we showed that obvious CHP-positive staining could be detected in the liver while given CCl4 for only 3 days, which was significantly enhanced while given CCl4 for 7 days. However, H&E staining showed no significant changes in fibrous tissue, and sirius red-positive staining could only be observed while given CCl4 for 14 days. Moreover, CHP-positive staining enhanced initially at portal area which further extended into the hepatic lobule, which was increased more significantly than sirius red-positive staining in the model of 10 and 14 days. Further proteomic analysis of CHP-positive staining revealed that pathways associated with ECM remodeling were significantly increased, while retinol metabolism was downregulated. Meanwhile, proteins enriched in cellular gene transcription and signal transduction involved in fibrogenesis were also upregulated, suggesting that fibrosis occurred in CHP-positive staining. Our study provided evidence that CHP could detect the collagen damage in liver, which might be an efficient indicator for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Biomedicine, Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fangzhou Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinlan Ge
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shichun Lu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ping Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Biomedicine, Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Holm Nielsen S, Jonasson L, Kalogeropoulos K, Karsdal MA, Reese-Petersen AL, Auf dem Keller U, Genovese F, Nilsson J, Goncalves I. Exploring the role of extracellular matrix proteins to develop biomarkers of plaque vulnerability and outcome. J Intern Med 2020; 287:493-513. [PMID: 32012358 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. One underlying cause is atherosclerosis, which is a systemic disease characterized by plaques of retained lipids, inflammatory cells, apoptotic cells, calcium and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the arterial wall. The biologic composition of an atherosclerotic plaque determines whether the plaque is more or less vulnerable, that is prone to rupture or erosion. Here, the ECM and tissue repair play an important role in plaque stability, vulnerability and progression. This review will focus on ECM remodelling in atherosclerotic plaques, with focus on how ECM biomarkers might predict plaque vulnerability and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holm Nielsen
- From the, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L Jonasson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M A Karsdal
- From the, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - U Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F Genovese
- From the, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J Nilsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Goncalves
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Karsdal MA, Daniels SJ, Holm Nielsen S, Bager C, Rasmussen DGK, Loomba R, Surabattula R, Villesen IF, Luo Y, Shevell D, Gudmann NS, Nielsen MJ, George J, Christian R, Leeming DJ, Schuppan D. Collagen biology and non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2020; 40:736-750. [PMID: 31997561 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for high-quality liquid biomarkers that can safely and reproducibly predict the stage of fibrosis and the outcomes of chronic liver disease (CLD). The requirement for such markers has intensified because of the high global prevalence of diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In particular, there is a need for diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as predictive biomarkers that reflect the efficacy of interventions, as described by the BEST criteria (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools Resource). This review covers the various liver collagens, their functional role in tissue homeostasis and delineates the common nomenclature for biomarkers based on BEST criteria. It addresses the common confounders affecting serological biomarkers, and describes defined collagen epitope biomarkers that originate from the dynamic processes of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling during liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Samuel J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Cecilie Bager
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology, NAFLD Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rambabu Surabattula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology, NAFLD Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ida Falk Villesen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Luo
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diane Shevell
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Natasja S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mette J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose Christian
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diana J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Watson SR, Lessner SM. (Second) Harmonic Disharmony: Nonlinear Microscopy Shines New Light on the Pathology of Atherosclerosis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:589-98. [PMID: 27329310 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging approaches for the investigation of atherosclerosis due to the deep penetration and three-dimensional sectioning capabilities of the nonlinear optical microscope. Atherosclerosis involves remodeling or alteration of the collagenous framework in affected vessels. The disease is often characterized by excessive collagen deposition and altered collagen organization. SHG has the capability to accurately characterize collagen structure, which is an essential component in understanding atherosclerotic lesion development and progression. As a structure-based imaging modality, SHG is most impactful in atherosclerosis evaluation in conjunction with other, chemically specific nonlinear optics (NLO) techniques to identify additional components of the lesion. These include the use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excitation fluorescence for studying atherosclerosis burden, and application of stimulated Raman scattering to image cholesterol crystals. However, very few NLO studies have attempted to quantitate differences in control versus atherosclerotic states or to correlate the application to clinical situations. This review highlights the potential of SHG imaging to directly and indirectly describe atherosclerosis as a pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
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5
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Molecular mechanism of force induced stabilization of collagen against enzymatic breakdown. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3852-9. [PMID: 22401852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Collagen cleavage, facilitated by collagenases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, is crucial for many physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, tissue remodeling, cancer invasion and organ morphogenesis. Earlier work has shown that mechanical force alters the cleavage rate of collagen. However, experimental results yielded conflicting data on whether applying force accelerates or slows down the degradation rate. Here we explain these discrepancies and propose a molecular mechanism by which mechanical force might change the rate of collagen cleavage. We find that a type I collagen heterotrimer is unfolded in its equilibrium state and loses its triple helical structure at the cleavage site without applied force, possibly enhancing enzymatic breakdown as each chain is exposed and can directly undergo hydrolysis. Under application of force, the naturally unfolded region refolds into a triple helical structure, potentially protecting the molecule against enzymatic breakdown. In contrast, a type I collagen homotrimer retains a triple helical structure even without applied force, making it more resistant to enzyme cleavage. In the case of the homotrimer, the application of force may directly lead to molecular unwinding, resulting in a destabilization of the molecule under increased mechanical loading. Our study explains the molecular mechanism by which force may regulate the formation and breakdown of collagenous tissue.
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6
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Skjøt-Arkil H, Barascuk N, Larsen L, Dziegiel M, Henriksen K, Karsdal MA. Tumor necrosis factor-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand augment human macrophage foam-cell destruction of extracellular matrix through protease-mediated processes. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 10:69-77. [PMID: 22053710 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By secreting proteases such as cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), macrophage foam cells may be a major cause of ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. The aims of the present study were to investigate in vitro role of human macrophage foam cells in degrading type I collagen, a major component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in plaques, and to establish whether the pro-inflammatory molecules, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANK-L) increase this degradation. CD14+ monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were differentiated into macrophage foam cells and cultured on a type I collagen matrix in the presence of TNF-alpha and RANK-L. Matrix degradation was measured by the cathepsin K-generated C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) and the MMP-generated carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in supernatants showing that macrophage foam cells secrete MMPs and cathepsin K, resulting in release of ICTP and CTX-I. Stimulation with TNF-alpha increased CTX-I and ICTP dose dependently, with ICTP levels increasing by 59% and CTX-I levels increasing by 43%. RANK-L enhanced the release of CTX-I and ICTP by 56% and 72%, respectively. This is, to our knowledge, the first data describing a simple in vitro system in which macrophage foam cells degradation of matrix proteins can be monitored. This degradation can be enhanced by cytokines since TNF-alpha and RANK-L significantly increased the matrix degradation. This in vitro system in part is a model system for the macrophage-mediated proteolytic degradation of the ECM, which is found in many diseases with an inflammatory component.
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7
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Nurmenniemi S, Koivula MK, Nyberg P, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Mattila PS, Salo T, Risteli J. Type I and III collagen degradation products in serum predict patient survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 48:136-40. [PMID: 21945070 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion induces extracellular matrix remodeling and collagen degradation. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum levels of type I and III collagen degradation products were associated with patient survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A novel enzyme immunoassay was developed for measuring type III collagen N-terminal telopeptide (IIINTP) in human serum samples. In addition, type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP), matrix metalloprotease-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) were assessed in 205 blood samples from HNSCC patients. High levels of serum ICTP and IIINTP and plasma TIMP-1 were associated with poor survival. The concentration of ICTP was associated with levels of IIINTP and TIMP-1. The plasma concentration of MMP-8 was associated with tumor stage, but not with survival or levels of ICTP, IIINTP or TIMP-1 suggesting that other collagenases/proteases are responsible for the cleavage of type I and type III collagens. The rate of type I and type III collagen degradation is associated with patient survival and can be used as a prognostic marker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Nurmenniemi
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu University Central Hospital, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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8
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Li L, Zhang K, Cai XJ, Feng M, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Adiponectin upregulates prolyl-4-hydroxylase α1 expression in interleukin 6-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells by regulating ERK 1/2 and Sp1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22819. [PMID: 21829524 PMCID: PMC3146504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an anti-atherogenic adipokine that inhibits the development of plaque by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Extracellular matrix (ECM) may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We explored the effect and mechanisms of adiponectin on the synthesis of prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) in interleukin 6 (IL-6)-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). P4Hα1 mRNA level was quantified by RT-PCR, the protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and P4Hα1 were quantified by western blot analysis, and activation of specific protein 1 (Sp1) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and subcellular localization of Sp1 by immunofluorescence analysis. Adiponectin significantly increased P4Hα1 mRNA and protein levels in IL-6-stimulated HASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As well, ERK1/2 and Sp1 played a crucial role in the effect of adiponectin upregulating P4Hα1 expression in IL-6-stimulated HASMCs. Adiponectin abrogated the effects of IL-6 on collagen III level, which may indicate that P4Hα1 is essential for folding the procollagen polypeptide chains into stabilized collagen. Adiponectin attenuates IL-6–inhibited P4Hα1 synthesis and stabilizes collagen formation in HASMCs through a Sp1-ERK1/2-P4Hα1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Skjøt-Arkil H, Barascuk N, Register T, Karsdal MA. Macrophage-Mediated Proteolytic Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix in Atherosclerosis Results in Neoepitopes: A Potential New Class of Biochemical Markers. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2010; 8:542-52. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2009.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Southern University of Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Natasha Barascuk
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Southern University of Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Register
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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10
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Salsas-Escat R, Nerenberg PS, Stultz CM. Cleavage site specificity and conformational selection in type I collagen degradation. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4147-58. [PMID: 20394413 DOI: 10.1021/bi9021473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive degradation of type I collagen is associated with a variety of human diseases such as arthritis, tumor metastasis, and atherosclerosis. Methods that further our understanding of collagenolysis may therefore provide insights into the mechanism of several important disorders. Prior experiments suggest that cleavage of collagen in vitro requires intact full-length collagenase, a multidomain protein containing both a catalytic and a hemopexin-like domain. In this work we demonstrate that type I collagen can be degraded at room temperature, a temperature well below the melting temperature of type I collagen, by collagenase deletion mutants that only contain the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Furthermore, these mutant enzymes hydrolyze the same peptide bond that is recognized by the corresponding full-length enzymes. Hence enzyme specificity at room temperature is achieved without the hemopexin-like domain. We demonstrate that these findings can be explained in light of a conformational selection mechanism that dictates that collagenases preferentially recognize and cleave preformed partially unfolded states of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Salsas-Escat
- Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, USA
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11
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Nurmenniemi S, Sinikumpu T, Alahuhta I, Salo S, Sutinen M, Santala M, Risteli J, Nyberg P, Salo T. A novel organotypic model mimics the tumor microenvironment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1281-91. [PMID: 19679876 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma cell invasion is traditionally studied in three-dimensional organotypic models composed of type I collagen and fibroblasts. However, carcinoma cell behavior is affected by the various cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel organotypic model based on human uterine leiomyoma tissue was established and characterized to create a more authentic environment for carcinoma cells. Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-3) were cultured on top of either collagen or myoma. Organotypic sections were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The maximal invasion depth of HSC-3 cells was markedly increased in myomas compared with collagen. In myomas, various cell types and ECM components were present, and the HSC-3 cells only expressed ECM molecules in the myoma model. Organotypic media were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, zymography, or Western blotting. During carcinoma cell invasion, matrix metalloprotease-9 production and collagen degradation were enhanced particularly in the myoma model. To evaluate the general applicability of the myoma model, several oral carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and melanoma cell lines were cultured on myomas and found to invade in highly distinct patterns. We conclude that myoma tissue mimics the native tumor microenvironment better than previous organotypic models and possibly enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Thus, the myoma model provides a promising tool for analyzing the behavior of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Nurmenniemi
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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12
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Korpi JT, Åström P, Lehtonen N, Tjäderhane L, Kallio-Pulkkinen S, Siponen M, Sorsa T, Pirilä E, Salo T. Healing of extraction sockets in collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8)-deficient mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:248-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Romero JR, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Polak JF, Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, Seshadri S. Association of carotid artery atherosclerosis with circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling: the Framingham Offspring Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 17:412-7. [PMID: 18984437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to relate circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix turnover to site-specific measures of carotid artery atherosclerosis on duplex ultrasound. BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) regulate extracellular matrix remodeling, a key feature of atherosclerosis, and their circulating concentrations can be assayed. MMP-9, TIMP-1, and protocollagen-III n-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) may relate differentially to the severity of atherosclerosis at different carotid artery sites. However, data examining this premise are sparse. METHODS We related circulating MMP-9, TIMP-1, and/or PIIINP concentrations to carotid atherosclerosis on duplex ultrasound in 1006 Framingham offspring (mean age 58 years, 56% women) who attended a routine examination from 1995 to 1998. We used multivariable regression to relate MMP-9 (detectable v undetectable), TIMP-1, and PIIINP (age- and sex-specific quartiles) to internal carotid artery (IC) stenosis (>25%) and log-transformed common carotid artery and IC intima-media thickness (IMT). RESULTS Detectable MMP-9 was associated with carotid stenosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, P = .032) but not with IMT. Higher TIMP-1 was associated with carotid stenosis (OR for Quartiles (Q)4 v Q1-3, 1.63, P = .022) and a higher IC IMT (beta 0.057 +/- 0.025, Q4 v Q1-3, P = .023). Higher PIIINP (Q4 v Q1-3) showed a borderline association with carotid stenosis (OR 1.45 for Q4 v Q1-3, P = .095) but not with IMT. TIMP-1 was not associated with common carotid artery IMT. CONCLUSIONS In our community-based sample of middle-aged to older adults, higher circulating biomarkers of matrix remodeling were associated with a greater prevalence of carotid stenosis and subclinical atherosclerosis in the IC. Our findings are consistent with regional differences in matrix remodeling in the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Romero
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2526, USA
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14
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Verbeke M, Thierens H, Taeymans Y, De Ridder L. An organotypical in vitro model for vascular tissue remodelling and its application to study radiation effects. Cytotechnology 2008; 34:185-95. [PMID: 19003394 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008168930905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An organotypic in vitro model, to study vascular tissueremodeling, was evaluated as a function of culture period. Inorder to validate the model as a tool for studying vascularresponses to damage, a dose-response analysis to ionizingirradiation was included.Rat aortic rings were explanted in vitro after being irradiatedwith single doses of (60)Co gamma-rays, namely 0, 5, 10, 15, 20or 25 Gy. Irradiated and sham-irradiated aortic rings werecultured for 3 weeks. Explant outgrowth on an adhesivesubstrate was evaluated by macroscopical scoring, and ringsderived from each irradiation group together with theoutgrowths were fixed and embedded in paraffin after 2, 7, 14and 21 days. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, alpha smoothmuscle actin and collagen types I and III were scored onimmunohistochemically stained sections. For each studiedparameter, irradiated and sham-irradiated rings were compared.In cultures of sham-irradiated rings, alterations from acontractile towards a synthetic/migratory smooth muscle cellphenotype were confirmed. After 3 weeks, fullgrown cultures hadformed. Irradiation slowed down the phenotypical modifications.After 15 Gy, irradiation explant outgrowth was already retarded;after 25 Gy, the outgrowth was completely blocked. On the otherhand, a dose of 15 Gy or more induced an increased collagen Iproduction in the tunica media.In conclusion, the present organotypical in vitro model fits toanalyse dynamics in the original vascular tissues as well as inthe primary outgrowth. It enables to confirm features oftissular reorganization and effects of ionizing radiationdescribed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verbeke
- Laboratory for Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, L. Pasteurlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
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Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Raposo B, Alcudia JF, Guadall A, Badimon L. Regulation of lysyl oxidase in vascular cells: lysyl oxidase as a new player in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 79:7-13. [PMID: 18469024 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of extracellular matrix stability and could participate in vascular remodelling associated with cardiovascular diseases. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies shows that LOX downregulation is associated with the endothelial dysfunction characteristic of earlier stages of the atherosclerotic process. Conversely, upregulation of this enzyme in vascular cells could induce neointimal thickening in atherosclerosis and restenosis. In fact, LOX is chemotactic for vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes, is modulated by proliferative stimulus in these cells, and could control other cellular processes such as gene expression and cell transformation. Furthermore, it is conceivable that LOX downregulation could underlie plaque instability and contribute to the destructive remodelling that takes place during aneurysm development. Overall, LOX could play a key role in vascular homeostasis and, hence, it emerges as a new player in cardiovascular diseases. This review addresses the experimental evidence related to the role of LOX in vascular disorders and the potential benefits of controlling its expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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Nissi R, Eriksen H, Risteli J, Niemimaa M. Pimecrolimus Cream 1% in the Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2006; 63:151-4. [PMID: 17085943 DOI: 10.1159/000096736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, which most commonly causes dysuria, pruritus and soreness of the vulval and perianal areas. Potent topical corticosteroids are used for the treatment of LS, but it is well known that they inhibit collagen synthesis and cause skin atrophy as a side effect. METHODS The present pilot study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% applied twice daily for up to 6 months in 29 women with severe LS. RESULTS Of the 26 subjects who completed the follow-up period, 42% (11/26) were in complete remission with relief from itchiness, pain and inflammation. A 3.5-fold increase in type I collagen synthesis and a 7.5-fold increase in type III collagen synthesis of the affected areas was detected after 2 months of pimecrolimus treatment. There were no systemic adverse reactions, although mild local skin reactions were reported by 50% of the patients. Blood concentrations of pimecrolimus were checked in 10/26 patients (39%) and were undetectable in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Patient-applied 1% pimecrolimus cream is safe and effective for the treatment of LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Nissi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disturbances of the synthesis and breakdown of the extracellular matrix of arterial walls have emerged as key features of the atherosclerotic process. Altered levels of circulating extracellular matrix markers have frequently been observed in relation to manifestations of atherosclerotic disease and its risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Research has been focused on the matrix-degrading metalloproteinases, their tissue inhibitors, and procollagen peptides. The most promising matrix metalloproteinase is matrix metalloproteinase-9, which has been observed to predict rapid coronary artery narrowing, ischemic heart disease incidence, abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion, worse outcome in stroke patients, and cardiovascular death. The use of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases for prognostication is uncertain thus far. The procollagen marker with most prognostic potential is the marker for type III collagen turnover rate, the N-terminal propeptide PIIINP, higher levels of which predict an adverse outcome after a myocardial infarction and in chronic heart failure, and portend abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion and risk of rupture. Also, the marker for type I collagen synthesis, the C-terminal propeptide PICP, predicts adverse outcomes following myocardial infarction and in chronic heart failure. Extracellular matrix remodeling is also a promising therapeutic target, being favorably affected by several conventional cardiovascular drugs and select dietary interventions. Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are also under development. SUMMARY Circulating matrix markers have emerged as candidate biomarkers for predicting risk of subsequent atherosclerotic events. Future large longitudinal observational and intervention studies will determine the role of matrix biomarkers in diagnosis and prognostication, and as targets for intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health & Caring Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Eriksen HA, Satta J, Risteli J, Veijola M, Väre P, Soini Y. Type I and type III collagen synthesis and composition in the valve matrix in aortic valve stenosis. Atherosclerosis 2006; 189:91-8. [PMID: 16405893 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the collagenous matrix may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of human aortic valve stenosis (AS). To evaluate the significance of collagen I and III in the pathogenesis of AS, we studied their synthesis in diseased valves. Type I and type III collagen mRNA expression and the immunohistochemical localization of the collagen antigens were studied from 36 AS and 2 normal aortic valves. The concentrations of propeptides and telopeptide structure of type I (PINP, PICP, and ICTP) and those of III collagens (PIIINP and IIINTP) were measured by radioimmunoassays in soluble tissue extracts and trypsin-solubilized calcified and non-calcified matrices of 11 AS and 24 healthy aortic valves of different ages. The synthesis of type I collagen, localized in the myofibroblasts adjacent to calcified nodules, was two- to three-fold in the AS samples compared to the controls. The proportion of collagen in the total protein fraction was 90% in the healthy valves, 50% in the non-calcified matrix, and 10% in the calcified matrix of AS valves. In the calcified valves, the ICTP content was six-fold compared to the age-matched controls and two-fold compared to the young control group. In the controls, the amount of ICTP in type I collagen decreased with age (r=-0.908, p<0.001) and was replaced by other cross-linked C-telopeptide structure. The concentration of type III collagen decreased during aging (r=-0.753, p<0.001). The decrease in total collagen content, despite the increase in type I collagen synthesis indicates an increase in collagen turnover in AS. The calcification of the aortic valves is accompanied by increased amount of ICTP in type I collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Eriksen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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McGinn S, Poronnik P, Gallery EDM, Pollock CA. The effects of high glucose and atorvastatin on endothelial cell matrix production. Diabet Med 2004; 21:1102-7. [PMID: 15384957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are known to enhance atherosclerotic plaque stability through influences on extracellular matrix homeostasis. Net matrix production reflects the relative balance of matrix production and degradation through enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMPs). The effects of statins on endothelial cell production of these parameters following co-exposure with a proatherogenic stimulus such as high glucose are not known. METHODS Human endothelial cells were exposed for 72 h to 5 mm (control) or 25 mm (high) glucose +/- atorvastatin (1 micromol/l). Extracellular matrix homeostasis was assessed by measuring matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 secretion, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and -2 secretion and net collagen IV production. Results were expressed as percentage +/- SEM of control values. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose increased cellular collagen IV expression to 190.1 +/- 11.7% (P < 0.0001) of control levels. No change in MMP-2 secretion (111.6 +/- 5.2%; P > 0.05) was observed but both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression were increased to 136.3 +/- 6.4% and 144.0 +/- 27.5%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The presence of atorvastatin in high glucose conditions reduced collagen IV expression to 136.1 +/- 20.6%. This was paralleled by increased secretion of MMP-2 to 145.8 +/- 7.8% (P < 0.01), increased TIMP-2 expression to 208.0 +/- 21.3% (P < 0.005 compared with high glucose) but no change in TIMP-1 expression (155.1 +/- 14.6%) compared with high glucose alone. The presence of atorvastatin in control conditions did not affect levels of collagen IV expression (114.5 +/- 13.2%). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cell exposure to high glucose was associated with a MMP/TIMP profile that increased extracellular matrix production which was attenuated by concurrent exposure to atorvastatin. Consequently, a mechanism by which the atherosclerotic plaque regression that is observed in patients taking these drugs has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGinn
- Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Aso Y, Takanashi K, Sekine K, Yoshida N, Takebayashi K, Yoshihara K, Inukai T. Dissociation between urinary pyrraline and pentosidine concentrations in diabetic patients with advanced nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 144:92-9. [PMID: 15322503 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the concentrations of both pyrraline and pentosidine, well-characterized advanced glycation end products, are increased in the urine of diabetic patients. To determine factors that influence the urinary excretion of pyrraline or pentosidine, we compared pyrraline or pentosidine concentrations with glycemic-control indexes, urinary albumin excretion, and urinary beta2-microglobulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted in 39 age-matched healthy control subjects and 50 diabetic patients, including 22 patients with normoalbuminuria, 15 with microalbuminuria, and 13 with macroalbuminuria. Both urinary pyrraline and pentosidine were measured in early-morning urine specimens with the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography. The urinary pentosidine concentration was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (P <.01). In contrast, the urinary pyrraline concentration was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (P <.001). Urinary pentosidine concentrations were greater in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria. However, urinary pyrraline concentrations were significantly lower in diabetic patients with advanced nephropathy. Both the hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and the preceding year's mean HbA(1c) were lower in patients with macroalbuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. Urinary pyrraline, but not pentosidine, showed a significantly positive correlation with the preceding year's mean HbA(1c) (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis disclosed that urinary beta-2-microglobulin was independently correlated with the urinary concentrations of pentosidine and pyrraline (P <.05 for both). We conclude that the urinary concentration of pentosidine is greater in diabetic patients with overt nephropathy, whereas the urinary pyrraline concentration is significantly lower in diabetic patients with overt nephropathy. Because urinary pyrraline is more directly influenced by glycemia than by pentosidine, the difference in glycemic control among diabetic patients with various grades of nephropathy may be responsible for a dissociation between urinary pyrraline and pentosidine concentrations in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Aso
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
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Plenz GAM, Deng MC, Robenek H, Völker W. Vascular collagens: spotlight on the role of type VIII collagen in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166:1-11. [PMID: 12482545 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagens play a central role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the undiseased as well as of the atherosclerotic vessel wall. An imbalanced metabolism may lead to uncontrolled collagen accumulation reducing vessel wall velocity, frequently resulting in arterial occlusion or thrombosis. A reduced production of collagen and its uncontrolled degradation may affect the stability of the vessel wall and especially of the atherosclerotic plaques by making them prone to rupture and aneurysm. This review presents an overview on the four groups of vascular collagens and on their role in atherogenesis. The major focus was to highlight the extraordinary role and importance of the short chain network forming type VIII collagen in the extracellular matrix of undiseased arteries and of atherosclerotic plaques. The molecular structure of type VIII collagen, its cellular origin, its implication in atherogenesis, its temporal and spatial expression patterns in human and experimental models of atherogenesis, the factors modulating its expression, and--not at least--its potential function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele A M Plenz
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Eriksen HA, Pajala A, Leppilahti J, Risteli J. Increased content of type III collagen at the rupture site of human Achilles tendon. J Orthop Res 2002; 20:1352-7. [PMID: 12472252 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We compared the type I and III collagen amounts and cross-linked telopeptides at the rupture site and two other sites of the same tendon. Tendon samples of ten individuals with total Achilles tendon rupture and six healthy cadavers were collected. The newly synthesized type I and III procollagens were assessed by extracting the soluble propeptides PINP, PICP and PIIINP. The insoluble matrix was solubilized by heat denaturation and trypsin digestion. Hydroxyproline, the cross-linked telopeptide structures of type I (ICTP and SP 4) and III collagens (IIINTP) and the degradation product of type III collagen (tryptic PIIINP) were measured from the digests. The type III collagen content was significantly increased at the rupture site when compared to control sites (5- and 12-fold increased) or cadavers (5-fold increased). No changes in the amounts of newly synthesized type I and III procollagens were observed. The ICTP content decreased and the SP 4/ICTP ratio increased along with ageing, suggesting a structural change in the type of cross-link in the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen. Type III collagen has accumulated at the rupture site probably due to microtraumas and the subsequent healing process. The increased content of type III collagen can cause thinner collagen fibers, decrease the tensile strength and may finally result in total rupture of the tendon. The age-related change in the nature of the cross-link in the carboxyterminal telopeptide may contribute to this weakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Eriksen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
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Bode MK, Mosorin M, Satta J, Risteli L, Juvonen T, Risteli J. Increased amount of type III pN-collagen in AAA when compared with AOD. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 23:413-20. [PMID: 12027468 DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the extent of the processing of type III procollagen to type III collagen was determined in nine human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and compared with ten samples of aortoiliac occlusive disease (AOD). METHODS the aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP) and telopeptide (IIINTP) of type III procollagen and collagen, respectively, were immunologically measured in the soluble and insoluble fractions of the extracellular matrix. The assay for PIIINP in the insoluble matrix was further validated. RESULTS the insoluble matrices of AAAs contained at least 12 times more incompletely processed type III pN-collagen than AOD specimens (0.74% and 0.061%, respectively). Also, the soluble extracts of AAAs tended to contain more non-processed type III pN-collagen than free, properly cleaved aminoterminal propeptide. CONCLUSIONS the larger amount of type III pN-collagen suggests an alteration in the metabolism of type III collagen in AAAs. This may partially explain the decreased tensile strength of the aortic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Bode
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
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Sassi M, Jukkola A, Riekki R, Höyhtyä M, Risteli L, Oikarinen A, Risteli J. Type I collagen turnover and cross-linking are increased in irradiated skin of breast cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2001; 58:317-23. [PMID: 11230894 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(00)00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of radiation therapy on the turnover and structure of type I collagen were studied in irradiated and contralateral skin of 18 breast cancer patients without clinically evident fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rates of on-going type I collagen synthesis and degradation were assessed by the aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and by two different assays (ICTP and SP4) for the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the soluble tissue extracts, respectively. Also, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex were measured in the tissue extracts. Insoluble skin matrices, containing the cross-linked type I collagen fibres, were heat-denatured and digested with trypsin. Then, the variants of the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The major histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine (HHL)-cross-linked variant was quantified by the SP4 assay, and the minor pyridinoline analogue (PA)-cross-linked telopeptide was quantified by the ICTP assay. RESULTS Both the synthesis and degradation of type I collagen were increased (r=0.906; P<0.001) on the irradiated side, whereas the concentration of the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex was decreased. In the insoluble tissue digests, the HHL-cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen, also, when expressed/tissue hydroxyproline, were increased in the irradiated skin. TIMP-1, TIMP-2 or PA-cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen showed no differences between the two sides. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy induces a long-term increase in the turnover of type I collagen and leads to the accumulation of cross-linked type I collagen in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sassi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Bode MK, Soini Y, Melkko J, Satta J, Risteli L, Risteli J. Increased amount of type III pN-collagen in human abdominal aortic aneurysms: evidence for impaired type III collagen fibrillogenesis. J Vasc Surg 2000; 32:1201-7. [PMID: 11107093 DOI: 10.1067/mva.2000.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize the distribution of structural domains of type I and III collagens in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), by the use of undilated atherosclerotic aortas (aortoiliac occlusive disease [AOD]) and healthy abdominal aortas as controls. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was applied with antibodies for the aminoterminal propeptides of type I (PINP) and type III (PIIINP) procollagens, which represent newly synthesized type I and III pN-collagens. In addition, an antibody against the aminoterminal telopeptide of type III collagen (IIINTP) was used as a means of detecting maturely cross-linked type III collagen fibrils. RESULTS The newly synthesized type III procollagen detected by means of PIIINP staining was concentrated in the media in aneurysmal aortas, whereas type I pN-collagen was localized in the intima in both AAAs and AODs. The healthy aortas showed no immunoreactivity for either PIIINP or PINP. The cross-linked type III collagen, detected by means of IIINTP staining, stained transmurally in all study groups, but appeared more abundant in the media in AAAs. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that the metabolism of type III collagen is enhanced in AAAs. Intensive type III pN-collagen staining was present mainly in the media layer in AAAs, suggesting a role of type III collagen in aneurysm formation, whereas type I pN-collagen was present in the intima in both AAAs and AODs, suggesting that type I collagen synthesis is a fibroproliferative response related to the atherosclerotic process. The increased type III pN-collagen in AAAs may result in impaired fibril formation and, thus, in decreased tensile strength of aneurysmal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Bode
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Bode MK, Laitinen P, Risteli J, Uusimaa P, Juvonen T. Atherosclerosis, type 1 collagen cross-linking and homocysteine. Atherosclerosis 2000; 152:531-2. [PMID: 11203427 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bode MK, Karttunen TJ, Mäkelä J, Risteli L, Risteli J. Type I and III collagens in human colon cancer and diverticulosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:747-52. [PMID: 10972180 DOI: 10.1080/003655200750023435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagens are major proteins in the extracellular matrix, providing tissues with tensile strength. They are also important for cell adhesion and the invasion of malignant tumours. METHODS Thirty-nine samples of human colon (24 diverticulosis, 6 malignant tumours, 9 controls) were collected during elective surgery. Immunoassays for different domains of type I and III collagens and procollagens were used in soluble tissue extracts and trypsin digests of tissue samples. RESULTS The contents of cross-linked type I and III collagen telopeptides and total collagen were similar in diverticulosis and healthy tissue, whereas in malignant tissue maturely cross-linked type III collagen was scarce. Furthermore, some of the cross-linked type I telopeptide antigens were exceptionally small in size, indicating that the cross-linking of type I collagen in collagen fibres is impaired in cancer. The rate of type I collagen synthesis was clearly increased in malignancy, but not significantly in diverticulosis. However, type III collagen synthesis was increased in diverticulosis, but not in malignancy. CONCLUSIONS In colon malignancy, the collagen cross-linking process was aberrant and the synthesis of type I collagen increased. In diverticulosis, the synthesis of type III collagen was increased, suggesting only moderately increased metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Bode
- Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Kauppila S, Bode MK, Stenbäck F, Risteli L, Risteli J. Cross-linked telopeptides of type I and III collagens in malignant ovarian tumours in vivo. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:654-61. [PMID: 10574251 PMCID: PMC2362884 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumours often induce a fibroproliferative response in the adjacent stroma, characterized by increased expression of type I and type III procollagens. In normal tissues, fibrillar collagens normally undergo extensive intermolecular cross-linking that provides tensile strength to the tissue. Here we set out to characterize collagen cross-linking in human ovarian carcinoma tissue in vivo. Biochemical and immunochemical methods were used for cross-linked telopeptides of type I and III collagens in samples of benign and malignant serous tumours. The locations and staining patterns of these proteins were visualized immunohistochemically. The contents of both total collagen and the cross-linked type I and type III collagens in the malignant samples were only about 20% of those in the benign tumours. The cross-linked telopeptide antigens derived from the collagens were smaller and more heterogeneous in size in the malignant than in the benign tumours, indicating a defective cross-linking process scarcely leading to the formation of mature cross-links in the collagen fibres in malignancy. Immunostaining revealed disorganized type I and type III collagen bundles in carcinomas. These findings suggest that the collagen cross-linking process is aberrant in malignant tumours, possibly resulting in increased susceptibility of tumour collagens for the proteolysis often associated with tumour invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kauppila
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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