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Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous System: Cytoplasmic Regulator of the AKT and PKC Signaling Pathways and Extracellular "Eat-Me" Signal in Microglial Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1050-1066. [PMID: 36401705 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is an important anionic phospholipid found in eukaryotic cells and has been proven to serve as a beneficial factor in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PtdSer resides in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it is involved in regulating the AKT and PKC signaling pathways; however, it becomes exposed to the extracellular leaflet during neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases, participating in microglia-mediated synaptic and neuronal phagocytosis. In this paper, we review several characteristics of PtdSer, including the synthesis and translocation of PtdSer, the functions of cytoplasmic and exposed PtdSer, and different PtdSer-detection materials used to further understand the role of PtdSer in the nervous system.
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Méndez-Barbero N, San Sebastian-Jaraba I, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins and cardiovascular diseases: Beyond membrane trafficking and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000760. [PMID: 36313572 PMCID: PMC9614170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is associated with the pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, involving several cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. Vascular remodeling is often related with the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis is known to be triggered by high blood cholesterol levels, which in the presence of a dysfunctional endothelium, results in the retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall, leading to an immune-inflammatory response. Continued hypercholesterolemia and inflammation aggravate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque over time, which is often complicated by thrombus development, leading to the possibility of CV events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Annexins are a family of proteins with high structural homology that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins are involved in several biological functions, from cell structural organization to growth regulation and vesicle trafficking. In vitro gain- or loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated the implication of annexins with a wide variety of cellular processes independent of calcium signaling such as immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and membrane repair. In the last years, the use of mice deficient for different annexins has provided insight into additional functions of these proteins in vivo, and their involvement in different pathologies. This review will focus in the role of annexins in CVD, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the potential therapeutic effects of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Blázquez-Serra
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Martín-Ventura
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Blanco-Colio,
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3
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Li YZ, Wang YY, Huang L, Zhao YY, Chen LH, Zhang C. Annexin A Protein Family in Atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:406-417. [PMID: 35562096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a silent chronic vascular pathology, is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a series of deleterious changes in cellularity, including endothelial dysfunction, transmigration of circulating inflammatory cells into the arterial wall, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, lipid accumulation in the intima, vascular local inflammatory response, atherosclerosis-related cells apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins of Annexin A (AnxA) family, the well-known Ca2+ phospholipid-binding protein, have many functions in regulating inflammation-related enzymes and cell signaling transduction, thus influencing cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. There is now accumulating evidence that some members of the AnxA family, such as AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, play major roles in the development of atherosclerosis. This article discusses the major roles of AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, and the multifaceted mechanisms of the main biological process in which they are involved in atherosclerosis. Considering these evidences, it has been proposed that AnxA are drivers- and not merely participator- on the road to atherosclerosis, thus the progression of atherosclerosis may be prevented by targeting the expression or function of the AnxA family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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5
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Maida CD, Daidone M, Pacinella G, Norrito RL, Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A. Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke: An Old and New Relationship an Overview of the Close Interaction between These Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042397. [PMID: 35216512 PMCID: PMC8877605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a comprehensive expression to identify a condition of chronic hyperglycemia whose causes derive from different metabolic disorders characterized by altered insulin secretion or faulty insulin effect on its targets or often both mechanisms. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are, from the point of view of cardio- and cerebrovascular risk, two complementary diseases. Beyond shared aspects such as inflammation and oxidative stress, there are multiple molecular mechanisms by which they feed off each other: chronic hyperglycemia and advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) promote ‘accelerated atherosclerosis’ through the induction of endothelial damage and cellular dysfunction. These diseases impact the vascular system and, therefore, the risk of developing cardio- and cerebrovascular events is now evident, but the observation of this significant correlation has its roots in past decades. Cerebrovascular complications make diabetic patients 2–6 times more susceptible to a stroke event and this risk is magnified in younger individuals and in patients with hypertension and complications in other vascular beds. In addition, when patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia experience an acute ischemic stroke, they are more likely to die or be severely disabled and less likely to benefit from the one FDA-approved therapy, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Experimental stroke models have revealed that chronic hyperglycemia leads to deficits in cerebrovascular structure and function that may explain some of the clinical observations. Increased edema, neovascularization, and protease expression as well as altered vascular reactivity and tone may be involved and point to potential therapeutic targets. Further study is needed to fully understand this complex disease state and the breadth of its manifestation in the cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.M.); (A.T.)
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Daidone
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.M.); (A.T.)
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
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Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Coronary Plaque with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235515. [PMID: 34884218 PMCID: PMC8658082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of heart attacks and is characterized by several modifications of the arterial wall including an inflammatory reaction. The silent course of atherosclerosis has made it necessary to develop predictors of disease complications before symptomatic lesions occur. Vulnerable to rupture atherosclerotic plaques are the target for molecular imaging. To this aim, different radiopharmaceuticals for PET/CT have emerged for the identification of high-risk plaques, with high specificity for the identification of the cellular components and pathophysiological status of plaques. By targeting specific receptors on activated macrophages in high-risk plaques, radiolabelled somatostatin analogues such as 68Ga-DOTA-TOC, TATE,0 or NOC have shown high relevance to detect vulnerable, atherosclerotic plaques. This PET radiopharmaceutical has been tested in several pre-clinical and clinical studies, as reviewed here, showing an important correlation with other risk factors.
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Co CM, Izuagbe S, Zhou J, Zhou N, Sun X, Borrelli J, Tang L. Click chemistry-based pre-targeting cell delivery for cartilage regeneration. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab018. [PMID: 34211730 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of the OA patient population is affected by post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following acute joint injuries. Stopping or reversing the progression of PTOA following joint injury could improve long-term functional outcomes, reduced disability, and medical costs. To more effectively treat articular cartilage injury, we have developed a novel cell-based therapy that involves the pre-targeting of apoptotic chondrocytes and the delivery of healthy, metabolically active chondrocytes using click chemistry. Specifically, a pre-targeting agent was prepared via conjugating apoptotic binding peptide (ApoPep-1) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer carrier. The pre-targeting agent would be introduced to injured areas of articular cartilage, leading to the accumulation of TCO groups on the injured areas from actively binding to apoptotic chondrocytes. Subsequently, methyltetrazine (Tz)-bearing chondrocytes would be immobilized on the surface of TCO-coated injured cartilage via Tz-TCO click chemistry reaction. Using an ex vivo human cartilage explant PTOA model, the effectiveness of this new approach was evaluated. Our studies show that this novel approach (Tz-TCO click chemistry) significantly enhanced the immobilization of healthy and metabolically active chondrocytes to the areas of apoptotic chondrocytes. Histological analyses demonstrated that this treatment regimen would significantly reduce the area of cartilage degeneration and enhance ECM regeneration. The results support that Tz-TCO click chemistry-mediated cell delivery approach has great potential in clinical applications for targeting and treatment of cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph Borrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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8
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Chaudhry F, Kawai H, Johnson KW, Narula N, Shekhar A, Chaudhry F, Nakahara T, Tanimoto T, Kim D, Adapoe MKMY, Blankenberg FG, Mattis JA, Pak KY, Levy PD, Ozaki Y, Arbustini E, Strauss HW, Petrov A, Fuster V, Narula J. Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis by Targeting Cell Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 76:1862-1874. [PMID: 33059832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions contributes to plaque vulnerability by lipid core enlargement and fibrous cap attenuation. Apoptosis is associated with exteriorization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the cell membrane. Although PS-avid radiolabeled annexin-V has been employed for molecular imaging of high-risk plaques, PE-targeted imaging in atherosclerosis has not been studied. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of molecular imaging with PE-avid radiolabeled duramycin in experimental atherosclerotic lesions in a rabbit model and compare duramycin targeting with radiolabeled annexin-V. METHODS Of the 27 rabbits, 21 were fed high-cholesterol, high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Nine of the 21 rabbits received 99mTc-duramycin (test group), 6 received 99mTc-linear duramycin (duramycin without PE-binding capability, negative radiotracer control group), and 6 received 99mTc-annexin-V for radionuclide imaging. The remaining normal chow-fed 6 animals (disease control group) received 99mTc-duramycin. In vivo microSPECT/microCT imaging was performed, and the aortas were explanted for ex vivo imaging and for histological characterization of atherosclerosis. RESULTS A significantly higher duramycin uptake was observed in the test group compared with that of disease control and negative radiotracer control animals; duramycin uptake was also significantly higher than the annexin-V uptake. Quantitative duramycin uptake, represented as the square root of percent injected dose per cm (√ID/cm) of abdominal aorta was >2-fold higher in atherosclerotic lesions in test group (0.08 ± 0.01%) than in comparable regions of disease control animals (0.039 ± 0.0061%, p = 3.70·10-8). Mean annexin uptake (0.060 ± 0.010%) was significantly lower than duramycin (p = 0.001). Duramycin uptake corresponded to the lesion severity and macrophage burden. The radiation burden to the kidneys was substantially lower with duramycin (0.49% ID/g) than annexin (5.48% ID/g; p = 4.00·10-4). CONCLUSIONS Radiolabeled duramycin localizes in lipid-rich areas with high concentration of apoptotic macrophages in the experimental atherosclerosis model. Duramycin uptake in atherosclerotic lesions was significantly greater than annexin-V uptake and produced significantly lower radiation burden to nontarget organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Chaudhry
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hideki Kawai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kipp W Johnson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Navneet Narula
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Aditya Shekhar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Dongbin Kim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Mattis
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Phillip D Levy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - H William Strauss
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Artiom Petrov
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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9
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Osborn EA, Albaghdadi M, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Vazquez-Prada KX, Lam J, Kamato D, Xu ZP, Little PJ, Ta HT. Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Diseases by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:601-613. [PMID: 33356385 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major contributors to global disease burden. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process that involves the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries, forming an atherosclerotic plaque. Rupture of unstable plaques leads to thrombosis that triggers life-threatening complications such as myocardial infarction. Current diagnostic methods are invasive as they require insertion of a catheter into the coronary artery. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, have been developed to image atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis due to its high spatial resolution and safety. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging can be improved with contrast agents, such as iron oxide nanoparticles. This review presents the most recent advances in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction molecular imaging using iron oxide-based nanoparticles. While some studies have shown their effectiveness, many are yet to undertake comprehensive testing of biocompatibility. There are still potential hazards to address and complications to diagnosis, therefore strategies for overcoming these challenges are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla X Vazquez-Prada
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacinta Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, China (P.J.L.)
| | - Hang T Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Environment and Science (H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Uca YO, Hallmann D, Hesse B, Seim C, Stolzenburg N, Pietsch H, Schnorr J, Taupitz M. Microdistribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents in Atherosclerotic Plaques Determined by LA-ICP-MS and SR-μXRF Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 23:382-393. [PMID: 33289060 PMCID: PMC8099766 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to replace angiographic evaluation of atherosclerosis. While studies have investigated contrast agent (CA) uptake in atherosclerotic plaques, exact CA spatial distribution on a microscale is elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microdistribution of gadolinium (Gd)- and iron (Fe) oxide-based CA in atherosclerotic plaques of New Zealand White rabbits. Procedures The study was performed as a post hoc analysis of archived tissue specimens obtained in a previous in vivo MRI study conducted to investigate signal changes induced by very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and Gd-BOPTA. For analytical discrimination from endogenous Fe, VSOP were doped with europium (Eu) resulting in Eu-VSOP. Formalin-fixed arterial specimens were cut into 5-μm serial sections and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC: Movat’s pentachrome, von Kossa, and Alcian blue (pH 1.0) staining, anti-smooth muscle cell actin (anti-SMA), and anti-rabbit macrophage (anti-RAM-11) immunostaining) and elemental microscopy with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and synchrotron radiation μX-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) spectroscopy. Elemental distribution maps of Fe, Eu, Gd, sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were investigated. Results IHC characterized atherosclerotic plaque pathomorphology. Elemental microscopy showed S distribution to match the anatomy of arterial vessel wall layers, while P distribution corresponded well with cellular areas. LA-ICP-MS revealed Gd and Fe with a limit of detection of ~ 0.1 nmol/g and ~ 100 nmol/g, respectively. Eu-positive signal identified VSOP presence in the vessel wall and allowed the comparison of Eu-VSOP and endogenous Fe distribution in tissue sections. Extracellular matrix material correlated with Eu signal intensity, Fe concentration, and maximum Gd concentration. Eu-VSOP were confined to endothelium in early lesions but accumulated in cellular areas in advanced plaques. Gd distribution was homogeneous in healthy arteries but inhomogeneous in early and advanced plaques. SR-μXRF scans at 0.5 μm resolution revealed Gd hotspots with increased P and Ca concentrations at the intimomedial interface, and a size distribution ranging from a few micrometers to submicrometers. Conclusions Eu-VSOP and Gd have distinct spatial distributions in atherosclerotic plaques. While Eu-VSOP distribution is more cell-associated and might be used to monitor atherosclerotic plaque progression, Gd distribution indicates arterial calcification and might help in characterizing plaque vulnerability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-020-01563-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Oguz Uca
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Hallmann
- MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Seim
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Stolzenburg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Schnorr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Mura M, Della Schiava N, Long A, Chirico EN, Pialoux V, Millon A. Carotid intraplaque haemorrhage: pathogenesis, histological classification, imaging methods and clinical value. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1273. [PMID: 33178805 PMCID: PMC7607119 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are characterised by several risk factors, such as inflammation, neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH). Vulnerable plaques can lead to ischemic events such as stroke. Many studies reported a relationship between IPH, plaque rupture, and ischemic stroke. Histology is the gold standard to evaluate IPH, but it required carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery to collect the tissue sample. In this context, several imaging methods can be used as a non-invasive way to evaluate plaque vulnerability and detect IPH. Most imaging studies showed that IPH is associated with plaque vulnerability and stroke, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most sensitive and specific to detect IPH as a predictor of ischemic events. These conclusions are however still debated because of the limited number of patients included in these studies; further studies are required to better assess risks associated with different IPH stages. Moreover, IPH is implicated in plaque vulnerability with other risk factors which need to be considered to predict ischemic risk. In addition, MRI sequences standardization is required to compare results from different studies and agree on biomarkers that need to be considered to predict plaque rupture. In these circumstances, IPH detection by MRI could be an efficient clinical method to predict stroke. The goal of this review article is to first describe the pathophysiological process responsible for IPH, its histological detection in carotid plaques and its correlation with plaque rupture. The second part will discuss the benefits and limitations of imaging the carotid plaque, and finally the clinical interest of imaging IPH to predict plaque rupture, focusing on MRI-IPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France
| | - Nellie Della Schiava
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité EA 682, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Long
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France.,Departement of Internal Medicine and Vascular Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
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13
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Glassman PM, Myerson JW, Ferguson LT, Kiseleva RY, Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:96-117. [PMID: 32579890 PMCID: PMC7306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of the key target, barrier, or victim of nanomedicines in the bloodstream. Circulating DDS may accumulate in the vascular areas of interest and in off-target areas via mechanisms bypassing specific molecular recognition, but using ligands of specific vascular determinant molecules enables a degree of precision, efficacy, and specificity of delivery unattainable by non-affinity DDS. Three decades of research efforts have focused on specific vascular targeting, which have yielded a multitude of DDS, many of which are currently undergoing a translational phase of development for biomedical applications, including interventions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous systems, regulation of endothelial functions, host defense, and permeation of vascular barriers. We discuss the design of endothelial-targeted nanocarriers, factors underlying their interactions with cells and tissues, and describe examples of their investigational use in models of acute vascular inflammation with an eye on translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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14
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Strauss HW, Nakahara T, Narula N, Narula J. Vascular Calcification: The Evolving Relationship of Vascular Calcification to Major Acute Coronary Events. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1207-1212. [PMID: 31350320 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification in a coronary artery is accepted as definite evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The extent and density of calcification, as combined in the Agatston score, is associated with the risk of a patient experiencing a major acute coronary event. Atherosclerosis occurs because damaged endothelial cells allow low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) to leak into subintimal tissue. Proteoglycans in subendothelial collagen have a high affinity for LDLc, retaining the lipoprotein cholesterol complex. As the endothelial damage is repaired, the subintimal LDLc is trapped. Retained LDLc induces an inflammatory response in the overlying endothelium, causing the endothelium to express chemotactic peptides. Chemotactic peptides attract circulating monocytes, which follow the concentration gradient, enter the tissue, and become tissue macrophages to phagocytize and digest the irritating LDLc in the atheroma. In the process of digesting LDLc, enzymes in the macrophages oxidize the LDLc complex. Oxidized LDL is toxic to macrophages; when present in sufficient quantity, it may cause death of macrophages, contributing to inflammation in the atheroma. In a necrotic inflammatory lesion, the regulatory mechanisms that control tissue concentrations of calcium and phosphorus are lost, allowing the solubility product of calcium phosphate to be exceeded, resulting in the formation of microscopic calcium-phosphate crystals. With ongoing inflammation, additional calcium-phosphate crystals are formed, which may aggregate. When these aggregated calcium phosphate crystals exceed 1 mm, the lesions become visible on clinical CT as coronary calcifications. Serial gated CT scans of the heart have demonstrated that once formed, CT-visible calcifications do not decrease significantly in size but may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H William Strauss
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Takehiro Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey J Rayner
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada.
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16
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A Novel iRFP-Incorporated in vivo Murine Atherosclerosis Imaging System. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14515. [PMID: 30266983 PMCID: PMC6162307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
By using near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP)-expressing hematopoietic cells, we established a novel, quantitative, in vivo, noninvasive atherosclerosis imaging system. This murine atherosclerosis imaging approach targets macrophages expressing iRFP in plaques. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice transplanted with beta-actin promoter-derived iRFP transgenic (TG) mouse bone marrow (BM) cells (iRFP → LDLR-/-) were used. Atherosclerosis was induced by a nonfluorescent 1.25% cholesterol diet (HCD). Atherosclerosis was compared among the three differently induced mouse groups. iRFP → LDLR-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND) and LDLR-/- mice transplanted with wild-type (WT) BM cells were used as controls. The in vivo imaging system (IVIS) detected an enhanced iRFP signal in the thoracic aorta of HCD-fed iRFP → LDLR-/- mice, whereas iRFP signals were not observed in the control mice. Time-course imaging showed a gradual increase in the signal area, which was correlated with atherosclerotic plaque progression. Oil red O (ORO) staining of aortas and histological analysis of plaques confirmed that the detected signal was strictly emitted from plaque-positive areas of the aorta. Our new murine atherosclerosis imaging system can noninvasively image atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and generate longitudinal data, validating the ability of the system to monitor lesion progression.
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17
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Tulamo R, Frösen J, Hernesniemi J, Niemelä M. Inflammatory changes in the aneurysm wall: a review. J Neurointerv Surg 2018; 10:i58-i67. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2009.002055.rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of a saccular intracranial artery aneurysm (IA) causes subarachnoid hemorrhage, a significant cause of stroke and death. The current treatment options, endovascular coiling and clipping, are invasive and somewhat risky. Since only some IAs rupture, those IAs at risk for rupture should be identified. However, to improve the imaging of rupture-prone IAs and improve IA treatment, IA wall pathobiology requires more thorough knowledge. Chronic inflammation has become understood as an important phenomenon in IA wall pathobiology, featuring inflammatory cell infiltration as well as proliferative and fibrotic remodulatory responses. We review the literature on what is known about inflammation in the IA wall and also review the probable mechanisms of how inflammation would result in the degenerative changes that ultimately lead to IA wall rupture. We also discuss current options in imaging inflammation and how knowledge of inflammation in IA walls may improve IA treatment.
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18
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Shekhar A, Heeger P, Reutelingsperger C, Arbustini E, Narula N, Hofstra L, Bax JJ, Narula J. Targeted Imaging for Cell Death in Cardiovascular Disorders. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:476-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Moss AJ, Adamson PD, Newby DE, Dweck MR. Positron emission tomography imaging of coronary atherosclerosis. Future Cardiol 2018; 12:483-96. [PMID: 27322032 PMCID: PMC4926532 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a central role in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent developments in cardiovascular imaging with the advent of hybrid positron emission tomography have provided a window into the molecular pathophysiology underlying coronary plaque inflammation. Using novel radiotracers targeted at specific cellular pathways, the potential exists to observe inflammation, apoptosis, cellular hypoxia, microcalcification and angiogenesis in vivo. Several clinical studies are now underway assessing the ability of this hybrid imaging modality to inform about atherosclerotic disease activity and the prediction of future cardiovascular risk. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing coronary atherosclerosis may be the first step toward offering patients a more stratified, personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Moss
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip D Adamson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Translation Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount-Sinai, NY, USA
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20
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Xiong W, Wang H, Lu L, Xi R, Wang F, Gu G, Tao R. The macrophage C-type lectin receptor CLEC5A (MDL-1) expression is associated with early plaque progression and promotes macrophage survival. J Transl Med 2017; 15:234. [PMID: 29126450 PMCID: PMC5681784 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of early plaque progression are still elusive. Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1), also called CLEC5A, is a C-type lectin receptor implicated in the progression of multiple acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between its level and atherosclerosis is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between macrophage MDL-1 expression and early atherosclerosis progression. Methods Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and western blot were performed to analyze MDL-1 expression in aorta or mice macrophages. The role of MDL-1 in macrophage survival was further investigated by adenovirus infection and TUNEL assay. Results Significant MDL-1 expression was found in advanced human and apoE−/− mice atherosclerotic plaques, especially in lesional macrophages. In the model of atherosclerosis regression, we found MDL-1 expression was highly downregulated in lesional macrophages from ldlr−/− mouse regressive plaques, coincident with a reduction in lesional macrophage content and marker of M1 proinflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, we found MDL-1 was significantly expressed in inflammatory M1 subtype polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. In vitro experiments, the level of MDL-1 was remarkably elevated in macrophages treated with pathophysiological drivers of plaque progression, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and hypoxia. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MDL-1 overexpression notably promoted macrophage survival and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression under ox-LDL stimulation, which suggested that it could maintain lesional macrophage survival and cause its accumulation. Conclusions This study firstly demonstrated that MDL-1 is mainly expressed in atherosclerotic lesional macrophages and increased macrophage MDL-1 expression is associated with early plaque progression and promotes macrophage survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1336-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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21
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Kim SE, Kim HJ, Rhee JK, Park K. Versatile Chemical Derivatizations to Design Glycol Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101662. [PMID: 28981451 PMCID: PMC6151466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycol chitosan (GC) and its derivatives have been extensively investigated as safe and effective drug delivery carriers because of their unique physiochemical and biological properties. The reactive functional groups such as the amine and hydroxyl groups on the GC backbone allow for easy chemical modification with various chemical compounds (e.g., hydrophobic molecules, crosslinkers, and acid-sensitive and labile molecules), and the versatility in chemical modifications enables production of a wide range of GC-based drug carriers. This review summarizes the versatile chemical modification methods that can be used to design GC-based drug carriers and describes their recent applications in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
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22
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The Difficulty of Determining Disease Activity in Large Artery Vasculitis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:1053-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Krishnan S, Otaki Y, Doris M, Slipczuk L, Arnson Y, Rubeaux M, Dey D, Slomka P, Berman DS, Tamarappoo B. Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Coronary Plaque: A Pathophysiologic Perspective. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:359-364. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.187906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Kazuma SM, Sultan D, Zhao Y, Detering L, You M, Luehmann HP, Abdalla DSP, Liu Y. Recent Advances of Radionuclide-Based Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:5267-76. [PMID: 26369676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150915104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease characterized by the development of multifocal plaque lesions within vessel walls and extending into the vascular lumen. The disease takes decades to develop symptomatic lesions, affording opportunities for accurate detection of plaque progression, analysis of risk factors responsible for clinical events, and planning personalized treatment. Of the available molecular imaging modalities, radionuclidebased imaging strategies have been favored due to their sensitivity, quantitative detection and pathways for translational research. This review summarizes recent advances of radiolabeled small molecules, peptides, antibodies and nanoparticles for atherosclerotic plaque imaging during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States.
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25
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Abstract
Advances in atherosclerosis imaging technology and research have provided a range of diagnostic tools to characterize high-risk plaque in vivo; however, these important vascular imaging methods additionally promise great scientific and translational applications beyond this quest. When combined with conventional anatomic- and hemodynamic-based assessments of disease severity, cross-sectional multimodal imaging incorporating molecular probes and other novel noninvasive techniques can add detailed interrogation of plaque composition, activity, and overall disease burden. In the catheterization laboratory, intravascular imaging provides unparalleled access to the world beneath the plaque surface, allowing tissue characterization and measurement of cap thickness with micrometer spatial resolution. Atherosclerosis imaging captures key data that reveal snapshots into underlying biology, which can test our understanding of fundamental research questions and shape our approach toward patient management. Imaging can also be used to quantify response to therapeutic interventions and ultimately help predict cardiovascular risk. Although there are undeniable barriers to clinical translation, many of these hold-ups might soon be surpassed by rapidly evolving innovations to improve image acquisition, coregistration, motion correction, and reduce radiation exposure. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and experimental atherosclerosis imaging methods and their uses in research and potential for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Tarkin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Marc R Dweck
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Nicholas R Evans
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Richard A P Takx
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Adam J Brown
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - James H F Rudd
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.).
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26
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U-King-Im JM, Tang T, Moustafa RR, Baron JC, Warburton EA, Gillard JH. Imaging the Cellular Biology of the Carotid Plaque. Int J Stroke 2016; 2:85-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic disease is a significant preventable cause of stroke. Clinical decision-making in current practice is based primarily on detection of the severity of luminal stenosis, as determined by ultrasound or conventional angiographic imaging modalities. New insights in the biology of atherosclerosis now suggests that the morphological characteristics of the carotid plaque as well as the molecular and cellular processes occurring within it may be more important markers of plaque vulnerability and stroke risk. This review summarizes emerging applications in the molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and detection of the vulnerable carotid plaque. We discuss how advances in imaging platforms and biochemical technology (e.g. targeted contrast agents) have driven some exciting and promising novel diagnostic imaging approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie U-King-Im
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
| | - Tjun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
| | - Ramez R. Moustafa
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
| | - Jean Claude Baron
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Warburton
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan H. Gillard
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK
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27
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Kamkar M, Wei L, Gaudet C, Bugden M, Petryk J, Duan Y, Wyatt HM, Wells RG, Marcel YL, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Ruddy TD. Evaluation of Apoptosis with 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128 and Inflammation with 18F-FDG in a Low-Dose Irradiation Model of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1784-1791. [PMID: 27307347 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.172346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice has a protective effect with less subsequent atherosclerosis. Inflammation and apoptosis play major roles in the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the temporal pattern of the development of histologic atherosclerosis, inflammation with 18F-FDG, and apoptosis with 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128 at 3 time points. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet, exposed to low-dose 60Co γ-radiation of 25 mGy at 2 mo of age, and evaluated within 1 wk (2-mo group), 1 mo (3-mo group), and 2 mo (4-mo group) from the time of radiation. Mice were divided into 3 subgroups and each received 18F-FDG, 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128, or no radiotracer for autoradiography. Mice underwent euthanasia and aortic root dissection. The extent of atherosclerosis was determined by en face and Oil red O imaging. Aortic arch inflammation (18F-FDG) and apoptosis (99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128) were determined with digital autoradiography. Aortic sinus sections were stained with Sudan IV for assessment of lesion area and stage, antiCD68 antibody for inflammation and anti-cleaved-caspase 3 antibody for apoptosis. RESULTS The extent of aortic atherosclerosis increased from 2 to 3 mo and from 3 to 4 mo. Inflammation (CD68) decreased and apoptosis (anti-cleaved-caspase 3 antibody) increased in aortic sinus slices measured as percentage of lesion by 4 mo. With increasing lesion stage, lesion inflammation decreased and lesion apoptosis increased. Aortic arch inflammation (18F-FDG uptake) did not differ over time and did not correlate with average lesion stage. However, aortic arch apoptosis (99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128) increased significantly by 4 mo and correlated with average lesion stage. There were no differences between the treatment subgroups (18F-FDG, 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128, or no radiotracer). CONCLUSION The temporal pattern of development of inflammation and apoptosis differ during the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice treated with low-dose radiation. Advanced lesions are characterized by increased apoptosis and either less or similar amounts of inflammation, shown on immunohistochemistry and autoradiography. Treatment with radiotracers had no significant effects on extent of atherosclerosis, inflammation, or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kamkar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Chantal Gaudet
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michelle Bugden
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yin Duan
- Nordion, Inc., Kanata, Canada; and
| | - Heather M Wyatt
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yves L Marcel
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Priest
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Ronald E J Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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28
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Liu Z, Larsen BT, Lerman LO, Gray BD, Barber C, Hedayat AF, Zhao M, Furenlid LR, Pak KY, Woolfenden JM. Detection of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice using (99m)Tc-duramycin. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:496-505. [PMID: 27236285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Apoptosis of macrophages and smooth muscle cells is linked to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. The apoptotic cascade leads to exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, thereby making apoptosis detectable using probes targeting PE. The objective of this study was to exploit capabilities of a PE-specific imaging probe, (99m)Tc-duramycin, in localizing atherosclerotic plaque and assessing plaque evolution in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced in ApoE(-/-) mice by feeding an atherogenic diet. (99m)Tc-duramycin images were acquired using a small-animal SPECT imager. Six ApoE(-/-) mice at 20weeks of age (Group I) were imaged and then sacrificed for ex vivo analyses. Six additional ApoE(-/-) mice (Group II) were imaged at 20 and 40weeks of age before sacrifice. Six ApoE wild-type (ApoE(+/+)) mice (Group III) were imaged at 40weeks as controls. Five additional ApoE(-/-) mice (40weeks of age) (Group IV) were imaged with a (99m)Tc-labeled inactive peptide, (99m)Tc-LinDUR, to assess (99m)Tc-duramycin targeting specificity. RESULTS Focal (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch was detected at 20 and 40weeks in the ApoE(-/-) mice but not in ApoE(+/+) mice. (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the aortic lesions increased 2.2-fold on quantitative imaging in the ApoE(-/-) mice between 20 and 40weeks. Autoradiographic and histological data indicated significantly increased (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch associated with advanced plaques. Quantitative autoradiography showed that the ratio of activity in the aortic arch to descending thoracic aorta, which had no plaques or radioactive uptake, was 2.1 times higher at 40weeks than at 20weeks (6.62±0.89 vs. 3.18±0.29, P<0.01). There was barely detectable focal uptake of (99m)Tc-duramycin in the aortic arch of ApoE(+/+) mice. No detectable (99m)Tc-LinDUR uptake was observed in the aortas of ApoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS PE-targeting properties of (99m)Tc-duramycin in the atherosclerotic mouse aortas were noninvasively characterized. (99m)Tc-duramycin is promising in localizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ahmad F Hedayat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lars R Furenlid
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc, West Chester, PA, USA
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29
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Shimizu Y, Kuge Y. Recent Advances in the Development of PET/SPECT Probes for Atherosclerosis Imaging. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 50:284-291. [PMID: 27994683 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation are the major causes of myocardial and cerebral infarction. Accordingly, the detection of vulnerable plaques is important for risk stratification and to provide appropriate treatment. Inflammation imaging using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has been most extensively studied for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. It is of great importance to develop PET/SPECT probes capable of specifically visualizing the biological molecules involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and/or progression. In this article, we review recent advances in the development of PET/SPECT probes for visualizing atherosclerotic plaques and their application to therapy monitoring, mainly focusing on experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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30
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Bagalkot V, Deiuliis JA, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. "Eat me" imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:2-11. [PMID: 26826436 PMCID: PMC4865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic debris is a vital role of the innate immune system. Drawing upon principles of apoptotic clearance, convenient delivery vehicles including intrinsic anti-inflammatory characteristics and specificity to immune cells can be engineered to aid in drug delivery. In this article, we examine the use of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), the well-known "eat-me" signal, in nanoparticle-based therapeutics making them highly desirable "meals" for phagocytic immune cells. Use of PtdSer facilitates engulfment of nanoparticles allowing for imaging and therapy in various pathologies and may result in immunomodulation. Furthermore, we discuss the targeting of the macrophages and other cells at sites of inflammation in disease. A thorough understanding of the immunobiology of "eat-me" signals is requisite for the successful application of "eat-me"-bearing materials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bagalkot
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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31
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Kim JB, Park K, Ryu J, Lee JJ, Lee MW, Cho HS, Nam HS, Park OK, Song JW, Kim TS, Oh DJ, Gweon D, Oh WY, Yoo H, Kim JW. Intravascular optical imaging of high-risk plaques in vivo by targeting macrophage mannose receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22608. [PMID: 26948523 PMCID: PMC4780083 DOI: 10.1038/srep22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages mediate atheroma expansion and disruption, and denote high-risk arterial plaques. Therefore, they are substantially gaining importance as a diagnostic imaging target for the detection of rupture-prone plaques. Here, we developed an injectable near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe by chemically conjugating thiolated glycol chitosan with cholesteryl chloroformate, NIRF dye (cyanine 5.5 or 7), and maleimide-polyethylene glycol-mannose as mannose receptor binding ligands to specifically target a subset of macrophages abundant in high-risk plaques. This probe showed high affinity to mannose receptors, low toxicity, and allowed the direct visualization of plaque macrophages in murine carotid atheroma. After the scale-up of the MMR-NIRF probe, the administration of the probe facilitated in vivo intravascular imaging of plaque inflammation in coronary-sized vessels of atheromatous rabbits using a custom-built dual-modal optical coherence tomography (OCT)-NIRF catheter-based imaging system. This novel imaging approach represents a potential imaging strategy enabling the identification of high-risk plaques in vivo and holds promise for future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Bak Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Division of Bio-imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheun Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joong Lee
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Saem Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Division of Bio-imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Shik Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Oh
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DaeGab Gweon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Liu G, Hu Y, Xiao J, Li X, Li Y, Tan H, Zhao Y, Cheng D, Shi H. 99mTc-labelled anti-CD11b SPECT/CT imaging allows detection of plaque destabilization tightly linked to inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20900. [PMID: 26877097 PMCID: PMC4753504 DOI: 10.1038/srep20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to predict the risk of rupture for a specific atherosclerotic plaque timely, a thrombotic trigger tightly linked to inflammation. CD11b, is a biomarker abundant on inflammatory cells, not restricted to monocytes/macrophages. In this study, we fabricated a probe named as 99mTc-MAG3-anti-CD11b for detecting inflamed atherosclerotic plaques with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). The ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were selected to establish animal models, with C57BL/6J mice used for control. A higher CD11b+-cell recruitment with higher CD11b expression and more serious whole-body inflammatory status were identified in ApoE−/− mice. The probe showed high in vitro affinity and specificity to the Raw-264.7 macrophages, as well as inflammatory cells infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, either in ex vivo fluorescent imaging or in in vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging, which were confirmed by ex vivo planar gamma imaging, Oil-Red-O staining and CD11b-immunohistochemistry staining. A significant positive relationship was identified between the radioactivity intensity on SPECT/CT images and the CD11b expression in plaques. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of anti-CD11b antibody mediated noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging of inflammatory leukocytes in murine atherosclerotic plaques. This imaging strategy can identify inflammation-rich plaques at risk for rupture and evaluate the effectiveness of inflammation-targeted therapies in atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
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33
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Li J, Chen Z. Integrated intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography technology: a promising tool to identify vulnerable plaques [INVITED PAPER]. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS & ENGINEERING 2016; 1. [PMID: 28966987 DOI: 10.18287/jbpe-2015-1-4-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart attack is mainly caused by the rupture of a vulnerable plaque. IVUS-OCT is a novel medical imaging modality that provides opportunities for accurate assessment of vulnerable plaques in vivo in patients. IVUS provides deep penetration to image the whole necrotic core while OCT enables accurate measurement of the fibrous cap of a plaque owing to its high resolution. In this paper, the authors describe the fundamentals, the technical designs and the applications of IVUS-OCT technology. Results from cadaver specimens are summarized, which indicated the complementary nature of OCT and IVUS for assessment of vulnerable plaques, plaque composition, and stent-tissue interactions. Furthermore, previously reported in vivo animal experiments are reviewed to assess the clinical adaptability of IVUS-OCT. Future directions for this technology are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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34
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Li J, Ma T, Mohar D, Steward E, Yu M, Piao Z, He Y, Shung KK, Zhou Q, Patel PM, Chen Z. Ultrafast optical-ultrasonic system and miniaturized catheter for imaging and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18406. [PMID: 26678300 PMCID: PMC4683418 DOI: 10.1038/srep18406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. The majority of CAD-induced deaths are due to the rupture of vulnerable plaques. Accurate assessment of plaques is crucial to optimize treatment and prevent death in patients with CAD. Current diagnostic techniques are often limited by either spatial resolution or penetration depth. Several studies have proved that the combined use of optical and ultrasonic imaging techniques increase diagnostic accuracy of vulnerable plaques. Here, we introduce an ultrafast optical-ultrasonic dual-modality imaging system and flexible miniaturized catheter, which enables the translation of this technology into clinical practice. This system can perform simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT)-intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging at 72 frames per second safely in vivo, i.e., visualizing a 72 mm-long artery in 4 seconds. Results obtained in atherosclerotic rabbits in vivo and human coronary artery segments show that this ultrafast technique can rapidly provide volumetric mapping of plaques and clearly identify vulnerable plaques. By providing ultrafast imaging of arteries with high resolution and deep penetration depth simultaneously, this hybrid IVUS-OCT technology opens new and safe opportunities to evaluate in real-time the risk posed by plaques, detect vulnerable plaques, and optimize treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. Irvine, CA 92617, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2700, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dilbahar Mohar
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Earl Steward
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Mingyue Yu
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhonglie Piao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Youmin He
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pranav M Patel
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. Irvine, CA 92617, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2700, USA
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35
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William Strauss H. Atheroma and the inflammasome. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:1187-90. [PMID: 25698483 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H William Strauss
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Room S113A, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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36
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Lee SJ, Paeng JC. Nuclear Molecular Imaging for Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:955-66. [PMID: 26357491 PMCID: PMC4559792 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.5.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease as well as a lipid disorder. Atherosclerotic plaque formed in vessel walls may cause ischemia, and the rupture of vulnerable plaque may result in fatal events, like myocardial infarction or stroke. Because morphological imaging has limitations in diagnosing vulnerable plaque, molecular imaging has been developed, in particular, the use of nuclear imaging probes. Molecular imaging targets various aspects of vulnerable plaque, such as inflammatory cell accumulation, endothelial activation, proteolysis, neoangiogenesis, hypoxia, apoptosis, and calcification. Many preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted with various imaging probes and some of them have exhibited promising results. Despite some limitations in imaging technology, molecular imaging is expected to be used both in the research and clinical fields as imaging instruments become more advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea. ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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37
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Hyafil F, Tran-Dinh A, Burg S, Leygnac S, Louedec L, Milliner M, Ben Azzouna R, Reshef A, Ben Ami M, Meilhac O, Le Guludec D. Detection of Apoptotic Cells in a Rabbit Model with Atherosclerosis-Like Lesions Using the Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer [
18
F]ML-10. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Hyafil
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Samuel Burg
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sébastien Leygnac
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Milan Milliner
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rana Ben Azzouna
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Ayelet Reshef
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Miri Ben Ami
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Dominique Le Guludec
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
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Bujak E, Pretto F, Neri D. Generation and tumor recognition properties of two human monoclonal antibodies specific to cell surface anionic phospholipids. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:791-800. [PMID: 25983040 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) and other anionic phospholipids, which become exposed on the surface of proliferating endothelial cells, tumor cells and certain leukocytes, have been used as targets for the development of clinical-stage biopharmaceuticals. One of these products (bavituximab) is currently being investigated in Phase 3 clinical trials. There are conflicting reports on the ability of bavituximab and other antibodies to recognize PS directly or through beta-2 glycoprotein 1, a serum protein that is not highly conserved across species. Here, we report on the generation and characterization of two fully human antibodies directed against phosphatidylserine. One of these antibodies (PS72) bound specifically to phosphatidylserine and to phosphatidic acid, but did not recognize other closely related phospholipids, while the other antibody (PS41) also bound to cardiolipin. Both PS72 and PS41 stained 8/9 experimental tumor models in vitro, but both antibodies failed to exhibit a preferential tumor accumulation in vivo, as revealed by quantitative biodistribution analysis. Our findings indicate that anionic phospholipids are exposed and accessible in most tumor types, but cast doubts about the possibility of efficiently targeting tumors in vivo with PS-specific reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bujak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cheng D, Li X, Zhang C, Tan H, Wang C, Pang L, Shi H. Detection of vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques with a dual-modal single-photon-emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging probe targeting apoptotic macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2847-55. [PMID: 25569777 DOI: 10.1021/am508118x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially the vulnerable AS plaque rupture-induced acute obstructive vascular disease, is a leading cause of death. Accordingly, there is a need for an effective method to draw accurate predictions about AS progression and plaque vulnerability. Herein we report on an approach to constructing a hybrid nanoparticle system using a single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multimodal probe, aiming for a comprehensive evaluation of AS progression by achieving high sensitivity along with high resolution. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) was covered by aminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and carboxylated PEG simultaneously and then functionalized with diethylenetriaminepentacetate acid for (99m)Tc coordination and subsequently Annexin V for targeting apoptotic macrophages abundant in vulnerable plaques. The in vivo accumulations of imaging probe reflected by SPECT and MRI were consistent and accurate in highlighting lesions. Intense radioactive signals detected by SPECT facilitated focus recognization and quantification, while USPIO-based T2-weighted MRI improved the focal localization and volumetry of AS plaques. For subsequent ex vivo planar images, targeting effects were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry, including CD-68 and TUNEL staining; meanwhile, the degree of concentration was proven to be statistically correlated with the Oil Red O staining results. In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V-modified hybrid nanoparticle system specifically targeted the vulnerable AS plaques containing apoptotic macrophages and could be of great value in the invasively accurate detection of vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and ∥Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
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Tan YY, Liu DF, Zhu F, Ding XM, Wang GM. Analysis of Myocardial (18)F-FDG Uptake by PET/CT in the Patients with Different Dialectically Classified Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD). Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 72:813-6. [PMID: 25638340 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To quantify myocardial glucose metabolism by (18)F-FDG PET/CT in patients that have coronary heart disease (CHD) according to traditional Chinese medicine classification. Ninety patients with CHD were enrolled and were categorized into three groups. All patients underwent PET-CT examination for (18)F-FDG uptake quantification. In group A, the radioactive signals were weak in multiple segments in 27 cases (90 %). One case had no visualization and two had normal visualization (mean SUV = 4 ± 0.6). In group B, the radioactive signals were in some local areas in eight cases (26.7 %). Twenty cases had an overall increase in signal density (SUV ≥ 8) (66.7 %). One case had no visualization, and one case had normal visualization (mean SUV 4 ± 0.6). In group C, 23 cases had no visual or a weak visual (SUV ≤ 2 ± 0.3) (76.7 %). Seven cases had segmental weak signals or signal defects. Different types of CHD demonstrate different metabolisms of myocardium glucose. It is necessary to dialectically classify CHD and apply differential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ying Tan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical College, 199 Jie Fang Nan Road, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical College, 199 Jie Fang Nan Road, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical College, 199 Jie Fang Nan Road, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical College, 199 Jie Fang Nan Road, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Min Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical College, 199 Jie Fang Nan Road, Xuzhou, 221009, People's Republic of China
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PARK SJ, KIM JY, TEOH CL, KANG NY, CHANG YT. New Targets of Molecular Imaging in Atherosclerosis: Prehension of Current Status. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:245-55. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin PARK
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Jun-Young KIM
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Chai Lean TEOH
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Nam-Young KANG
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Young-Tae CHANG
- Department of Chemistry & NUS MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
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Qin J, Peng C, Zhao B, Ye K, Yuan F, Peng Z, Yang X, Huang L, Jiang M, Zhao Q, Tang G, Lu X. Noninvasive detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions by computed tomography enhanced with PEGylated gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5575-90. [PMID: 25506213 PMCID: PMC4260660 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s72819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are becoming increasingly significant in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Molecular imaging of macrophages may improve the detection and characterization of AS. In this study, dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI) coatings were designed, tested, and applied as contrast agents for the enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Cell counting kit-8 assay, fluorescence microscopy, silver staining, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the FI-functionalized Au DENPs are noncytotoxic at high concentrations (3.0 μM) and can be efficiently taken up by murine macrophages in vitro. These nanoparticles were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice as AS models, which demonstrated that the macrophage burden in atherosclerotic areas can be tracked noninvasively and dynamically three-dimensionally in live animals using micro-CT. Our findings suggest that the designed PEGylated gold nanoparticles are promising biocompatible nanoprobes for the CT imaging of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and will provide new insights into the pathophysiology of AS and other concerned inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghui Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukang Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mier Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Iqbal B, Currie G, Greene L, Kiat H. Novel Radiopharmaceuticals in Cardiovascular Medicine: Present and Future. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2014; 45:423-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hiddink L, Dallinga-Thie GM, Hovingh GK, de Visser MCH, Peer PGM, Stalenhoef AFH, van Heerde WL. Annexin A5 haplotypes in familial hypercholesterolemia: lack of association with carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular disease risk. Atherosclerosis 2014; 238:195-200. [PMID: 25525746 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Annexin A5 (ANXA5) has been suggested to possess antiatherogenic properties. We investigated whether ANXA5 genetic variations and plasma ANXA5 levels were associated with carotid atherosclerosis and contributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS We sequenced the promoter region and exon 2 of ANXA5 in 284 FH patients from the ASAP (Atorvastatin versus Simvastatin on Atherosclerosis Progression) trial. Common haplotypes (H) were constructed based on seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We studied whether plasma ANXA5 levels or ANXA5 haplotypes were associated with the extent of atherosclerosis (evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The association between ANXA5 haplotypes and the risk for CVD events was investigated in 1730 FH patients from the GIRaFH (Genetic Identification of Risk factors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia) study. RESULTS In ASAP, individuals carrying the ANXA5 haplotype H2 exhibited lower plasma ANXA5 levels, whereas H4 carriers had increased levels of circulating ANXA5 compared to non-carriers. Plasma ANXA5 levels were not associated with carotid IMT. None of the four ANXA5 haplotypes correlated with the age-related IMT progression (ASAP study) or contributed to CVD risk (GIRaFH cohort). CONCLUSIONS Both ANXA5 haplotypes and plasma ANXA5 levels were not associated with carotid IMT progression or CVD risk in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Hiddink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geesje M Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C H de Visser
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petronella G M Peer
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton F H Stalenhoef
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Waander L van Heerde
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Noninvasive molecular imaging of cell death in myocardial infarction using 111In-GSAO. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6826. [PMID: 25351258 PMCID: PMC4212241 DOI: 10.1038/srep06826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute insult to the myocardium is associated with substantial loss of cardiomyocytes during the process of myocardial infarction. In this setting, apoptosis (programmed cell death) and necrosis may operate on a continuum. Because the latter is characterized by the loss of sarcolemmal integrity, we propose that an appropriately labeled tracer directed at a ubiquitously present intracellular moiety would allow non-invasive definition of cardiomyocyte necrosis. A trivalent arsenic peptide, GSAO (4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsonous acid), is capable of binding to intracellular dithiol molecules such as HSP90 and filamin-A. Since GSAO is membrane impermeable and dithiol molecules abundantly present intracellularly, we propose that myocardial localization would represent sarcolemmal disruption or necrotic cell death. In rabbit and mouse models of myocardial infarction and post-infarct heart failure, we employed In-111-labelled GSAO for noninvasive radionuclide molecular imaging. 111In-GSAO uptake was observed within the regions of apoptosis seeking agent- 99mTc-Annexin A5 uptake, suggesting the colocalization of apoptotic and necrotic cell death processes.
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Ye K, Qin J, Peng Z, Yang X, Huang L, Yuan F, Peng C, Jiang M, Lu X. Polyethylene glycol-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles enhance CT imaging of blood pool in atherosclerotic mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:529. [PMID: 25288918 PMCID: PMC4184899 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a new use of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with good biocompatibility for in vitro and in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic mice by computed tomography (CT). In this study, Au DENPs were synthesized using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 5 (G5.NH2) modified by PEG monomethyl ether (G5.NH2-mPEG20) as templates. In vitro cytotoxicity and flow cytometry assays show that the formed PEGylated Au DENPs have good biocompatibility and are non-cytotoxic at the Au concentration up to 300 μM. Silver staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirm that the Au DENPs are able to be uptaken by macrophages and are located dominantly in the lysosomes of the cells. Importantly, the formed PEGylated Au DENPs are able to be used for CT imaging of murine macrophages in vitro and macrophages in atherosclerotic mice in vivo using apolipoprotein-E-gene-deficient mice as a model. These findings suggest that the formed PEGylated Au DENPs are a promising contrast agent for CT imaging of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukang Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mier Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Vascular Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Vascular Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Narula J, Roberts WC. Jagat Narula, MD, PhD: A conversation with the editor. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:2070-85. [PMID: 24878131 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Glaudemans AWJM, Bonanno E, Galli F, Zeebregts CJ, de Vries EFJ, Koole M, Luurtsema G, Boersma HH, Taurino M, Slart RHJA, Signore A. In vivo and in vitro evidence that ⁹⁹mTc-HYNIC-interleukin-2 is able to detect T lymphocytes in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:1710-9. [PMID: 24737117 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in basic science have established that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory cells are thought to be responsible for the transformation of a stable plaque into a vulnerable one. Lymphocytes constitute at least 20 % of infiltrating cells in these vulnerable plaques. Therefore, the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, being overexpressed on activated T lymphocytes, may represent an attractive biomarker for plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of radiolabelled IL-2 [(99m)Tc-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-IL-2] for imaging the lymphocytic infiltration in carotid plaques in vivo by planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT imaging and ex vivo by microSPECT and autoradiography. METHODS For the in vivo study, ten symptomatic patients with advanced plaques at ultrasound who were scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2 scintigraphy. The images were analysed visually on planar and SPECT images and semi-quantitatively on SPECT images by calculating target to background (T/B) ratios. After endarterectomy, immunomorphological evaluation and immunophenotyping were performed on plaque slices. For the ex vivo studies, four additional patients were included and, after in vitro incubation of removed plaques with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2, autoradiography was performed and microSPECT images were acquired. RESULTS Visual analysis defined clear (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2 uptake in seven of the ten symptomatic plaques. SPECT/CT allowed visualization in eight of ten. A significant correlation was found between the number of CD25+ lymphocytes and the total number of CD25+ cells in the plaque and the T/B ratio with adjacent carotid artery as background (Pearson's r = 0.89, p = 0.003 and r = 0.87, p = 0.005, respectively). MicroSPECT imaging showed clear (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2 uptake within the plaque wall and not in the lipidic core. With autoradiography, only CD3+ lymphocytes were found to be labelled. CONCLUSION These in vivo and ex vivo studies confirm the specificity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2 for imaging activated T lymphocytes in carotid plaques. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-2 is a true marker for the inflamed plaque and therefore of plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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Tahara N, Mukherjee J, de Haas HJ, Petrov AD, Tawakol A, Haider N, Tahara A, Constantinescu CC, Zhou J, Boersma HH, Imaizumi T, Nakano M, Finn A, Fayad Z, Virmani R, Fuster V, Bosca L, Narula J. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-mannose positron emission tomography imaging in atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2014; 20:215-9. [PMID: 24412923 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques is associated with increasing risk of plaque rupture. Molecular imaging of activated macrophages with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) has been proposed for identification of patients at higher risk for acute vascular events. Because mannose is an isomer of glucose that is taken up by macrophages through glucose transporters and because mannose receptors are expressed on a subset of the macrophage population in high-risk plaques, we applied (18)F-labeled mannose (2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-mannose, [(18)F]FDM) for targeting of plaque inflammation. Here, we describe comparable uptake of [(18)F]FDM and [(18)F]FDG in atherosclerotic lesions in a rabbit model; [(18)F]FDM uptake was proportional to the plaque macrophage population. Our FDM competition studies in cultured cells with 2-deoxy-2-[(14)C]carbon-D-glucose ([(14)C]2DG) support at least 35% higher [(18)F]FDM uptake by macrophages in cell experiments. We also demonstrate that FDM restricts binding of anti-mannose receptor antibody to macrophages by approximately 35% and that mannose receptor targeting may provide an additional avenue for imaging of plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans J de Haas
- 1] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [2] University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. [3]
| | - Artiom D Petrov
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nezam Haider
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Aloke Finn
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zahi Fayad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Valentin Fuster
- 1] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. [2] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Bosca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Li J, Li X, Mohar D, Raney A, Jing J, Zhang J, Johnston A, Liang S, Ma T, Shung KK, Mahon S, Brenner M, Narula J, Zhou Q, Patel PM, Chen Z. Integrated IVUS-OCT for real-time imaging of coronary atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:101-3. [PMID: 24433713 PMCID: PMC3970778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Combined use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a potential method for accurate assessment of plaques characteristics and vulnerability. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a fully integrated intracoronary OCT-IVUS imaging technique to visualize plaques in living animals. Background In vivo imaging of plaques by an integrated OCT-IVUS system has not been reported. Methods Simultaneous real-time OCT-IVUS imaging is performed using an integrated OCT-IVUS system and a single fully-integrated catheter with a 3.6F outer-diameter same as a commercial IVUS catheter. Results To verify in vivo imaging capability of this technique, five atherosclerotic-model rabbits and a swine were imaged. Images were obtained in these animals without complications. Linear regression shows a high correlation between rabbit plaque sizes determined from histology and OCT/IVUS estimated plaque sizes (R2=0.955, P<0.001 between OCT and histology; R2=0.970, P<0.001 between IVUS and histology). Classification of plaque types and quantitative analysis of plaque sizes were performed in vitro using cadaver coronary segments (n=14). Conclusions For the first time, this study shows that an integrated intracoronary OCT-IVUS system is feasible and safe to use in vivo to detect atherosclerotic plaques. This technique provides high resolution and deep penetration capability simultaneously which can facilitate a more powerful tool to explore the development of plaques and may lead to a more accurate assessment of vulnerable plaques in patients.
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