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Vahle B, Heilmann L, Schauer A, Augstein A, Jarabo MEP, Barthel P, Mangner N, Labeit S, Bowen TS, Linke A, Adams V. Modulation of Titin and Contraction-Regulating Proteins in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Limb vs. Diaphragmatic Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6618. [PMID: 38928324 PMCID: PMC11203682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by biomechanically dysfunctional cardiomyocytes. Underlying cellular changes include perturbed myocardial titin expression and titin hypophosphorylation leading to titin filament stiffening. Beside these well-studied alterations at the cardiomyocyte level, exercise intolerance is another hallmark of HFpEF caused by molecular alterations in skeletal muscle (SKM). Currently, there is a lack of data regarding titin modulation in the SKM of HFpEF. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze molecular alterations in limb SKM (tibialis anterior (TA)) and in the diaphragm (Dia), as a more central SKM, with a focus on titin, titin phosphorylation, and contraction-regulating proteins. This study was performed with muscle tissue, obtained from 32-week old female ZSF-1 rats, an established a HFpEF rat model. Our results showed a hyperphosphorylation of titin in limb SKM, based on enhanced phosphorylation at the PEVK region, which is known to lead to titin filament stiffening. This hyperphosphorylation could be reversed by high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Additionally, a negative correlation occurring between the phosphorylation state of titin and the muscle force in the limb SKM was evident. For the Dia, no alterations in the phosphorylation state of titin could be detected. Supported by data of previous studies, this suggests an exercise effect of the Dia in HFpEF. Regarding the expression of contraction regulating proteins, significant differences between Dia and limb SKM could be detected, supporting muscle atrophy and dysfunction in limb SKM, but not in the Dia. Altogether, these data suggest a correlation between titin stiffening and the appearance of exercise intolerance in HFpEF, as well as a differential regulation between different SKM groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Vahle
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Leonard Heilmann
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antje Schauer
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antje Augstein
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria-Elisa Prieto Jarabo
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Peggy Barthel
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Norman Mangner
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- DZHK Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68169 Mannheim, Germany;
- Myomedix GmbH, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Axel Linke
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (B.V.); (L.H.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (P.B.); (N.M.); (A.L.)
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2
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Sengupta SP, Okwose NC, MacGowan GA, Jakovljevic DG. Cardiac response to pharmacological stress in heart failure reduced and heart failure preserved ejection fraction. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:510-516. [PMID: 38699935 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2347680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu P Sengupta
- Sengupta Hospital and Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Cardiovascular Research Theme, Translational and Clinical, and Biosciences Research Institutes, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nduka C Okwose
- Cardiovascular Research Theme, Translational and Clinical, and Biosciences Research Institutes, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Cardiovascular Research Theme, Translational and Clinical, and Biosciences Research Institutes, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Cardiovascular Research Theme, Translational and Clinical, and Biosciences Research Institutes, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Wang W, Li Y, Ko S, Feng N, Zhang M, Liu JJ, Zheng S, Ren B, Yu YP, Luo JH, Tseng GC, Liu S. IFDlong: an isoform and fusion detector for accurate annotation and quantification of long-read RNA-seq data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593690. [PMID: 38798496 PMCID: PMC11118288 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in long-read transcriptome sequencing (long-RNA-seq) technology have revolutionized the study of isoform diversity. These full-length transcripts enhance the detection of various transcriptome structural variations, including novel isoforms, alternative splicing events, and fusion transcripts. By shifting the open reading frame or altering gene expressions, studies have proved that these transcript alterations can serve as crucial biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic targets. In this project, we proposed IFDlong, a bioinformatics and biostatistics tool to detect isoform and fusion transcripts using bulk or single-cell long-RNA-seq data. Specifically, the software performed gene and isoform annotation for each long-read, defined novel isoforms, quantified isoform expression by a novel expectation-maximization algorithm, and profiled the fusion transcripts. For evaluation, IFDlong pipeline achieved overall the best performance when compared with several existing tools in large-scale simulation studies. In both isoform and fusion transcript quantification, IFDlong is able to reach more than 0.8 Spearman's correlation with the truth, and more than 0.9 cosine similarity when distinguishing multiple alternative splicing events. In novel isoform simulation, IFDlong can successfully balance the sensitivity (higher than 90%) and specificity (higher than 90%). Furthermore, IFDlong has proved its accuracy and robustness in diverse in-house and public datasets on healthy tissues, cell lines and multiple types of diseases. Besides bulk long-RNA-seq, IFDlong pipeline has proved its compatibility to single-cell long-RNA-seq data. This new software may hold promise for significant impact on long-read transcriptome analysis. The IFDlong software is available at https://github.com/wenjiaking/IFDlong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ning Feng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Manling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Songyang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Baoguo Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan P. Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jian-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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4
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Stroik D, Gregorich ZR, Raza F, Ge Y, Guo W. Titin: roles in cardiac function and diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1385821. [PMID: 38660537 PMCID: PMC11040099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1385821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin is an essential component of muscle sarcomeres. A single titin molecule spans half a sarcomere and mediates diverse functions along its length by virtue of its unique domains. The A-band of titin functions as a molecular blueprint that defines the length of the thick filaments, the I-band constitutes a molecular spring that determines cell-based passive stiffness, and various domains, including the Z-disk, I-band, and M-line, serve as scaffolds for stretch-sensing signaling pathways that mediate mechanotransduction. This review aims to discuss recent insights into titin's functional roles and their relationship to cardiac function. The role of titin in heart diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Stroik
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zachery R. Gregorich
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Farhan Raza
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Jolfayi AG, Kohansal E, Ghasemi S, Naderi N, Hesami M, MozafaryBazargany M, Moghadam MH, Fazelifar AF, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. Exploring TTN variants as genetic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis and potential emerging clues to molecular mechanisms in cardiomyopathies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5313. [PMID: 38438525 PMCID: PMC10912352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin (TTN) is a sarcomeric protein that forms the myofibrillar backbone for the components of the contractile machinery which plays a crucial role in muscle disorders and cardiomyopathies. Diagnosing TTN pathogenic variants has important implications for patient management and genetic counseling. Genetic testing for TTN variants can help identify individuals at risk for developing cardiomyopathies, allowing for early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, identifying TTN variants can inform prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. Deciphering the intricate genotype-phenotype correlations between TTN variants and their pathologic traits in cardiomyopathies is imperative for gene-based diagnosis, risk assessment, and personalized clinical management. With the increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a high number of variants in the TTN gene have been detected in patients with cardiomyopathies. However, not all TTN variants detected in cardiomyopathy cohorts can be assumed to be disease-causing. The interpretation of TTN variants remains challenging due to high background population variation. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively summarize current evidence on TTN variants identified in published cardiomyopathy studies and determine which specific variants are likely pathogenic contributors to cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Kohansal
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serwa Ghasemi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hosseini Moghadam
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Farjam Fazelifar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Jones TLM, Woulfe KC. Considering impact of age and sex on cardiac cytoskeletal components. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H470-H478. [PMID: 38133622 PMCID: PMC11219061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00619.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac cytoskeletal components are integral to cardiomyocyte function and are responsible for contraction, sustaining cell structure, and providing scaffolding to direct signaling. Cytoskeletal components have been implicated in cardiac pathology; however, less attention has been paid to age-related modifications of cardiac cytoskeletal components and how these contribute to dysfunction with increased age. Moreover, significant sex differences in cardiac aging have been identified, but we still lack a complete understanding to the mechanisms behind these differences. This review summarizes what is known about how key cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components are modified because of age, as well as reported sex-specific differences. Thorough consideration of both age and sex as integral players in cytoskeletal function may reveal potential avenues for more personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L M Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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7
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Weston TGR, Rees M, Gautel M, Fraternali F. Walking with giants: The challenges of variant impact assessment in the giant sarcomeric protein titin. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1638. [PMID: 38155593 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Titin, the so-called "third filament" of the sarcomere, represents a difficult challenge for the determination of damaging genetic variants. A single titin molecule extends across half the length of a sarcomere in striated muscle, fulfilling a variety of vital structural and signaling roles, and has been linked to an equally varied range of myopathies, resulting in a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike. While the consequences of truncating variants of titin are well-documented, the ramifications of the missense variants prevalent in the general population are less so. We here present a compendium of titin missense variants-those that result in a single amino-acid substitution in coding regions-reported to be pathogenic and discuss these in light of the nature of titin and the variant position within the sarcomere and their domain, the structural, pathological, and biophysical characteristics that define them, and the methods used for characterization. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and integration of the multiple fields that have contributed to our understanding of titin-related pathology and offer suggestions as to how these concurrent methodologies may aid the further development in our understanding of titin and hopefully extend to other, less well-studied giant proteins. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timir G R Weston
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Cao J, Wei Z, Nie Y, Chen HZ. Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing in cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104995. [PMID: 38350330 PMCID: PMC10874720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is an important RNA processing step required by multiexon protein-coding mRNAs and some noncoding RNAs. Precise RNA splicing is required for maintaining gene and cell function; however, mis-spliced RNA transcripts can lead to loss- or gain-of-function effects in human diseases. Mis-spliced RNAs induced by gene mutations or the dysregulation of splicing regulators may result in frameshifts, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), or inclusion/exclusion of exons. Genetic animal models have characterised multiple splicing factors required for cardiac development or function. Moreover, sarcomeric and ion channel genes, which are closely associated with cardiovascular function and disease, are hotspots for AS. Here, we summarise splicing factors and their targets that are associated with cardiovascular diseases, introduce some therapies potentially related to pathological AS targets, and raise outstanding questions and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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10
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Sun W, Liu X, Song L, Tao L, Lai K, Jiang H, Xiao H. The TTN p. Tyr4418Ter mutation causes cardiomyopathy in human and mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296802. [PMID: 38381767 PMCID: PMC10880961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate a mouse model carrying TTNtv Y4370* simulating the newly discovered human heterozygous nonsense TTNtv c.13254T>G (p.Tyr4418Ter) to supplement and improve the functional evidence of pathogenic mutation TTNtv c.13254T>G on the pathogenic type of dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS We generated 4 mice carrying TTNtv p. Y4370* through CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Monthly serological detection, bimonthly echocardiography, and histology evaluation were carried out to observe and compare alterations of cardiac structure and function between 4 TTN+/- mice and 4 wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS For the two-month-old TTN+/- mice, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were significantly increased, the diastolic Left Ventricular Systolic Anterior Wall (LVAW), and the LV mass markedly rose, with the left ventricular volume displaying an increasing trend and Ejection Fraction (EF) and Fractional Shortening (FS) showing a decreasing trend. Besides, the histological evaluation showed that cardiac fibrosis level and positive rate of cardiac mast cell of TTN+/- mice were obviously increased compared with WT mice. CONCLUSIONS TTNtv Y4370* could lead to cardiac structure and function alterations in mice, supplementing the evidence of TTNtv c.13254T>G pathogenicity in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- Division of Cardiac Surgery & Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with the Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Laichun Song
- Division of Cardiac Surgery & Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery & Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kaisheng Lai
- Department of Science Research Centre, BestNovo (Beijing) Medical Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Science Research Centre, BestNovo (Beijing) Medical Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery & Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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11
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Shahriar SMS, McCarthy AD, Andrabi SM, Su Y, Polavoram NS, John JV, Matis MP, Zhu W, Xie J. Mechanically resilient hybrid aerogels containing fibers of dual-scale sizes and knotty networks for tissue regeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1080. [PMID: 38316777 PMCID: PMC10844217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The structure and design flexibility of aerogels make them promising for soft tissue engineering, though they tend to come with brittleness and low elasticity. While increasing crosslinking density may improve mechanics, it also imparts brittleness. In soft tissue engineering, resilience against mechanical loads from mobile tissues is paramount. We report a hybrid aerogel that consists of self-reinforcing networks of micro- and nanofibers. Nanofiber segments physically entangle microfiber pillars, allowing efficient stress distribution through the intertwined fiber networks. We show that optimized hybrid aerogels have high specific tensile moduli (~1961.3 MPa cm3 g-1) and fracture energies (~7448.8 J m-2), while exhibiting super-elastic properties with rapid shape recovery (~1.8 s). We demonstrate that these aerogels induce rapid tissue ingrowth, extracellular matrix deposition, and neovascularization after subcutaneous implants in rats. Furthermore, we can apply them for engineering soft tissues via minimally invasive procedures, and hybrid aerogels can extend their versatility to become magnetically responsive or electrically conductive, enabling pressure sensing and actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Alec D McCarthy
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Polavoram
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Johnson V John
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell P Matis
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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12
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Sakamoto T, Kelly DP. Cardiac maturation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:38-50. [PMID: 38160640 PMCID: PMC10923079 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The heart undergoes a dynamic maturation process following birth, in response to a wide range of stimuli, including both physiological and pathological cues. This process entails substantial re-programming of mitochondrial energy metabolism coincident with the emergence of specialized structural and contractile machinery to meet the demands of the adult heart. Many components of this program revert to a more "fetal" format during development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, emphasis is placed on recent progress in our understanding of the transcriptional control of cardiac maturation, encompassing the results of studies spanning from in vivo models to cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells. The potential applications of this current state of knowledge to new translational avenues aimed at the treatment of heart failure is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sakamoto
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Kellermayer D, Tordai H, Kiss B, Török G, Péter DM, Sayour AA, Pólos M, Hartyánszky I, Szilveszter B, Labeit S, Gángó A, Bedics G, Bödör C, Radovits T, Merkely B, Kellermayer MS. Truncated titin is structurally integrated into the human dilated cardiomyopathic sarcomere. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169753. [PMID: 37962957 PMCID: PMC10763722 DOI: 10.1172/jci169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous (HET) truncating variant mutations in the TTN gene (TTNtvs), encoding the giant titin protein, are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TTNtv mutations induce DCM are controversial. Here, we studied 127 clinically identified DCM human cardiac samples with next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-resolution gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, and super-resolution microscopy in order to dissect the structural and functional consequences of TTNtv mutations. The occurrence of TTNtv was found to be 15% in the DCM cohort. Truncated titin proteins matching, by molecular weight, the gene sequence predictions were detected in the majority of the TTNtv+ samples. Full-length titin was reduced in TTNtv+ compared with TTNtv- samples. Proteomics analysis of washed myofibrils and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy of myocardial sarcomeres labeled with sequence-specific anti-titin antibodies revealed that truncated titin was structurally integrated into the sarcomere. Sarcomere length-dependent anti-titin epitope position, shape, and intensity analyses pointed at possible structural defects in the I/A junction and the M-band of TTNtv+ sarcomeres, which probably contribute, possibly via faulty mechanosensor function, to the development of manifest DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Kellermayer
- Heart and Vascular Center
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | - György Török
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Labeit
- DZHK Partnersite Mannheim-Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ambrus Gángó
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bedics
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Arase M, Nakanishi N, Tsutsumi R, Kawakami A, Arai Y, Sakaue H, Oto J. The Utility of Urinary Titin to Diagnose and Predict the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:573. [PMID: 38203744 PMCID: PMC10778763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection and management are crucial for better prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Serum titin, a component of the sarcomere in cardiac and skeletal muscle, was associated with AMI. Thus, we hypothesized that urinary N-fragment titin may be a biomarker for its diagnosis and prognosis. Between January 2021 and November 2021, we prospectively enrolled 83 patients with suspected AMI. Their urinary N-fragment titin, serum high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI), creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured on admission. Then, urinary titin was assessed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in AMI. Among 83 enrolled patients, 51 patients were diagnosed as AMI. In AMI patients who were admitted as early as 3 h or longer after symptom onset, their urinary titin levels were significantly higher than non-AMI patients who are also admitted 3 h or longer after symptom onset (12.76 [IQR 5.87-16.68] pmol/mgCr (creatinine) and 5.13 [IQR 3.93-11.25] pmol/mgCr, p = 0.045, respectively). Moreover, the urinary titin levels in patients who died during hospitalization were incredibly higher than in those who were discharged (15.90 [IQR 13.46-22.61] pmol/mgCr and 4.90 [IQR 3.55-11.95] pmol/mgCr, p = 0.023). Urinary N-fragment titin can be used as non-invasive early diagnostic biomarker in AMI. Furthermore, it associates with hospital discharge disposition, providing prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Arase
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (Y.A.); (J.O.)
| | - Nobuto Nakanishi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (Y.A.); (J.O.)
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ayuka Kawakami
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuta Arai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (Y.A.); (J.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Oto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (Y.A.); (J.O.)
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15
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Liu H, Naser JA, Lin G, Lee SS. Cardiomyopathy in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to clinical care. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100911. [PMID: 38089549 PMCID: PMC10711481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is defined as systolic or diastolic dysfunction in the absence of prior heart disease or another identifiable cause in patients with cirrhosis, in whom it is an important determinant of outcome. Its underlying pathogenic/pathophysiological mechanisms are rooted in two distinct pathways: 1) factors associated with portal hypertension, hyperdynamic circulation, gut bacterial/endotoxin translocation and the resultant inflammatory phenotype; 2) hepatocellular insufficiency with altered synthesis or metabolism of substances such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, bile acids and hormones. Different criteria have been proposed to diagnose CCM; the first in 2005 by the World Congress of Gastroenterology, and more recently in 2019 by the Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. These criteria mainly utilised echocardiographic evaluation, with the latter refining the evaluation of diastolic function and integrating global longitudinal strain into the evaluation of systolic function, an important addition since the haemodynamic changes that occur in advanced cirrhosis may lead to overestimation of systolic function by left ventricular ejection fraction. Advances in cardiac imaging, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and the incorporation of an exercise challenge, may help further refine the diagnosis of CCM. Over recent years, CCM has been shown to contribute to increased mortality and morbidity after major interventions, such as liver transplantation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion, and to play a pathophysiologic role in the genesis of hepatorenal syndrome. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of CCM, its clinical implications, and the role of cardiac imaging modalities including MRI. We also compare diagnostic criteria and review the potential diagnostic role of electrocardiographic QT prolongation. At present, no definitive medical therapy exists, but some promising potential treatment strategies for CCM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jwan A. Naser
- Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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17
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Kourampi I, Katsioupa M, Oikonomou E, Tsigkou V, Marinos G, Goliopoulou A, Katsarou O, Kalogeras K, Theofilis P, Tsatsaragkou A, Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Vavuranakis M. The Role of Ranolazine in Heart Failure-Current Concepts. Am J Cardiol 2023; 209:92-103. [PMID: 37844876 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome with a detrimental impact on mortality and morbidity. Energy substrate utilization and myocardial ion channel regulation have gained research interest especially after the introduction of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure. Ranolazine or N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy) propyl] piperazin-1-yl) acetamide hydrochloride is an active piperazine derivative which inhibits late sodium current thus minimizing calcium overload in the ischemic cardiomyocytes. Ranolazine also prevents fatty acid oxidation and favors glycose utilization ameliorating the "energy starvation" of the failing heart. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is characterized by diastolic impairment; according to the literature ranolazine could be beneficial in the management of increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, right ventricular systolic dysfunction and wall shear stress which is reflected by the high natriuretic peptides. Fewer data is evident regarding the effects of ranolazine in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and mainly support the control of the sodium-calcium exchanger and function of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase. Ranolazine's therapeutic mechanisms in myocardial ion channels and energy utilization are documented in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Nevertheless, ranolazine might have a broader effect in the therapy of heart failure and further mechanistic research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Kourampi
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Katsioupa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Marinos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Katsarou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Tsatsaragkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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18
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Okhovatian S, Shakeri A, Huyer LD, Radisic M. Elastomeric Polyesters in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Organs-on-a-Chip. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4511-4531. [PMID: 37639715 PMCID: PMC10915885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue constructs provide unique design requirements due to their functional responses to substrate mechanical properties and cyclic stretching behavior of cardiac tissue that requires the use of durable elastic materials. Given the diversity of polyester synthesis approaches, an opportunity exists to develop a new class of biocompatible, elastic, and immunomodulatory cardiovascular polymers. Furthermore, elastomeric polyester materials have the capability to provide tailored biomechanical synergy with native tissue and hence reduce inflammatory response in vivo and better support tissue maturation in vitro. In this review, we highlight underlying chemistry and design strategies of polyester elastomers optimized for cardiac tissue scaffolds. The major advantages of these materials such as their tunable elasticity, desirable biodegradation, and potential for incorporation of bioactive compounds are further expanded. Unique fabrication methods using polyester materials such as micromolding, 3D stamping, electrospinning, laser ablation, and 3D printing are discussed. Moreover, applications of these biomaterials in cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip devices and patches are analyzed. Finally, we outline unaddressed challenges in the field that need further study to enable the impactful translation of soft polyesters to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3E5; Canada
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19
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Gotthardt M, Badillo-Lisakowski V, Parikh VN, Ashley E, Furtado M, Carmo-Fonseca M, Schudy S, Meder B, Grosch M, Steinmetz L, Crocini C, Leinwand L. Cardiac splicing as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:517-530. [PMID: 36653465 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapeutics for heart failure and arrhythmias, a substantial proportion of patients with cardiomyopathy do not respond to interventions, indicating a need to identify novel modifiable myocardial pathobiology. Human genetic variation associated with severe forms of cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias has highlighted the crucial role of alternative splicing in myocardial health and disease, given that it determines which mature RNA transcripts drive the mechanical, structural, signalling and metabolic properties of the heart. In this Review, we discuss how the analysis of cardiac isoform expression has been facilitated by technical advances in multiomics and long-read and single-cell sequencing technologies. The resulting insights into the regulation of alternative splicing - including the identification of cardiac splice regulators as therapeutic targets and the development of a translational pipeline to evaluate splice modulators in human engineered heart tissue, animal models and clinical trials - provide a basis for improved diagnosis and therapy. Finally, we consider how the medical and scientific communities can benefit from facilitated acquisition and interpretation of splicing data towards improved clinical decision-making and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Victor Badillo-Lisakowski
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Nicole Parikh
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marta Furtado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Schudy
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Grosch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Crocini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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20
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Banga S, Cardoso R, Castellani C, Srivastava S, Watkins J, Lima J. Cardiac MRI as an Imaging Tool in Titin Variant-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 52:86-93. [PMID: 36934006 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Dilated Cardiomyopathy is a common myocardial disease characterized by dilation and loss of function of one or both ventricles. A variety of etiologies have been implicated including genetic variation. Advancement in genetic sequencing, and diagnostic imaging allows for detection of genetic mutations in sarcomere protein titin (TTN) and high resolution assessment of cardiac function. This review article discusses the role of cardiac MRI in diagnosing dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with TTN variant related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Banga
- Division of Cardiology, Michigan State University, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | | | - Carson Castellani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shaurya Srivastava
- Division of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Watkins
- Division of Cardiology, Michigan State University, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joao Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Chakraborty AD, Kooiker K, Kobak KA, Cheng Y, Lee CF, Razumova M, Granzier H H, Regnier M, Rabinovitch PS, Moussavi-Harami F, Chiao YA. Late-life Rapamycin Treatment Enhances Cardiomyocyte Relaxation Kinetics and Reduces Myocardial Stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544619. [PMID: 37398078 PMCID: PMC10312630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a key feature of the aging heart. We have shown that late-life treatment with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, reverses age-related diastolic dysfunction in mice but the molecular mechanisms of the reversal remain unclear. To dissect the mechanisms by which rapamycin improves diastolic function in old mice, we examined the effects of rapamycin treatment at the levels of single cardiomyocyte, myofibril and multicellular cardiac muscle. Compared to young cardiomyocytes, isolated cardiomyocytes from old control mice exhibited prolonged time to 90% relaxation (RT 90 ) and time to 90% Ca 2+ transient decay (DT 90 ), indicating slower relaxation kinetics and calcium reuptake with age. Late-life rapamycin treatment for 10 weeks completely normalized RT 90 and partially normalized DT 90 , suggesting improved Ca 2+ handling contributes partially to the rapamycin-induced improved cardiomyocyte relaxation. In addition, rapamycin treatment in old mice enhanced the kinetics of sarcomere shortening and Ca 2+ transient increase in old control cardiomyocytes. Myofibrils from old rapamycin-treated mice displayed increased rate of the fast, exponential decay phase of relaxation compared to old controls. The improved myofibrillar kinetics were accompanied by an increase in MyBP-C phosphorylation at S282 following rapamycin treatment. We also showed that late-life rapamycin treatment normalized the age-related increase in passive stiffness of demembranated cardiac trabeculae through a mechanism independent of titin isoform shift. In summary, our results showed that rapamycin treatment normalizes the age-related impairments in cardiomyocyte relaxation, which works conjointly with reduced myocardial stiffness to reverse age-related diastolic dysfunction.
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22
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Linke WA. Stretching the story of titin and muscle function. J Biomech 2023; 152:111553. [PMID: 36989971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the giant protein titin, also known as connectin, dates almost half a century back. In this review, I recapitulate major advances in the discovery of the titin filaments and the recognition of their properties and function until today. I briefly discuss how our understanding of the layout and interactions of titin in muscle sarcomeres has evolved and review key facts about the titin sequence at the gene (TTN) and protein levels. I also touch upon properties of titin important for the stability of the contractile units and the assembly and maintenance of sarcomeric proteins. The greater part of my discussion centers around the mechanical function of titin in skeletal muscle. I cover milestones of research on titin's role in stretch-dependent passive tension development, recollect the reasons behind the enormous elastic diversity of titin, and provide an update on the molecular mechanisms of titin elasticity, details of which are emerging even now. I reflect on current knowledge of how muscle fibers behave mechanically if titin stiffness is removed and how titin stiffness can be dynamically regulated, such as by posttranslational modifications or calcium binding. Finally, I highlight novel and exciting, but still controversially discussed, insight into the role titin plays in active tension development, such as length-dependent activation and contraction from longer muscle lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Germany; Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Cheng C, Wang X, Dong J, Yang F, Ju T, Wang Z. Dynamic morphology imaging of cardiomyocytes based on AFM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245702. [PMID: 36805943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbd55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A cardiomyocyte is the basic structural and functional unit of the heart, which is the actual executor of the systolic function. The study of the contraction and relaxation characteristics of cardiomyocyte is of great significance to the physiological behavior and pathology of the heart. How to dynamically express its contraction and relaxation behaviors in 3D has become a challenging issue. Although the video analysis method under the optical microscope can observe the changes in the horizontal direction, it is difficult to describe the changes in the vertical direction. The atomic force microscope (AFM) can accurately express the mechanical and morphological characteristics of the changes in the vertical direction, but it cannot be fully expressed in real time because it is acquired by scanning with a single probe. In order to express the contraction and relaxation characteristics of cardiomyocyte accurately and three dimensionally, a dynamic imaging method in this study is proposed using the periodicity of AFM acquisition and the periodicity of cardiomyocyte contraction. Compared with the optical experiment, it is proven that this method can dynamically represent the contraction and relaxation processes of cardiomyocyte and solve the problem of how to express it in 3D. It brings a new way for the study of physiological characteristics of cardiomyocytes and dynamic imaging by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cheng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuoyu Ju
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
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24
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Das B, Deshpande S, Akam-Venkata J, Shakti D, Moskowitz W, Lipshultz SE. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Children. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:513-529. [PMID: 35978175 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) refers to abnormalities in the mechanical function of the left ventricle (LV) during diastole. Severe LVDD can cause symptoms and the signs of heart failure (HF) in the setting of normal or near normal LV systolic function and is referred to as diastolic HF or HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Pediatric cardiologists have long speculated HFpEF in children with congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy. However, understanding the risk factors, clinical course, and validated biomarkers predictive of the outcome of HFpEF in children is challenging due to heterogeneous etiologies and overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. The natural history of HFpEF varies depending upon the patient's age, sex, race, geographic location, nutritional status, biochemical risk factors, underlying heart disease, and genetic-environmental interaction, among other factors. Pediatric onset HFpEF is often not the same disease as in adults. Advances in the noninvasive evaluation of the LV diastolic function by strain, and strain rate analysis with speckle-tracking echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have increased our understanding of the HFpEF in children. This review addresses HFpEF in children and identifies knowledge gaps in the underlying etiologies, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, especially compared to adults with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Shriprasad Deshpande
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jyothsna Akam-Venkata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Divya Shakti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - William Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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25
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Khalilimeybodi A, Riaz M, Campbell SG, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Qyang Y, Saucerman JJ. Signaling network model of cardiomyocyte morphological changes in familial cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:1-14. [PMID: 36370475 PMCID: PMC10230857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial cardiomyopathy is a precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Over the past several decades, researchers have discovered numerous gene mutations primarily in sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins causing two different disease phenotypes: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. However, molecular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Here, we employ a systems approach by integrating experimental findings from preclinical studies (e.g., murine data) into a cohesive signaling network to scrutinize genotype to phenotype mechanisms. We developed an HCM/DCM signaling network model utilizing a logic-based differential equations approach and evaluated model performance in predicting experimental data from four contexts (HCM, DCM, pressure overload, and volume overload). The model has an overall prediction accuracy of 83.8%, with higher accuracy in the HCM context (90%) than DCM (75%). Global sensitivity analysis identifies key signaling reactions, with calcium-mediated myofilament force development and calcium-calmodulin kinase signaling ranking the highest. A structural revision analysis indicates potential missing interactions that primarily control calcium regulatory proteins, increasing model prediction accuracy. Combination pharmacotherapy analysis suggests that downregulation of signaling components such as calcium, titin and its associated proteins, growth factor receptors, ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT could inhibit myocyte growth in HCM. In experiments with patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (MLP-W4R;MYH7-R723C iPSC-CMs), combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT rescued the HCM phenotype, as predicted by the model. In DCM, PI3K-AKT-NFAT downregulation combined with upregulation of Ras/ERK1/2 or titin or Gq protein could ameliorate cardiomyocyte morphology. The model results suggest that HCM mutations that increase active force through elevated calcium sensitivity could increase ERK activity and decrease eccentricity through parallel growth factors, Gq-mediated, and titin pathways. Moreover, the model simulated the influence of existing medications on cardiac growth in HCM and DCM contexts. This HCM/DCM signaling model demonstrates utility in investigating genotype to phenotype mechanisms in familial cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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26
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Wishard R, Jayaram M, Ramesh SR, Nongthomba U. Spatial and temporal requirement of Mlp60A isoforms during muscle development and function in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113430. [PMID: 36423661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many myofibrillar proteins undergo isoform switching in a spatio-temporal manner during muscle development. The biological significance of the variants of several of these myofibrillar proteins remains elusive. One such myofibrillar protein, the Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), is a vital component of the Z-discs. In this paper, we show that one of the Drosophila MLP encoding genes, Mlp60A, gives rise to two isoforms: a short (279 bp, 10 kDa) and a long (1461 bp, 54 kDa) one. The short isoform is expressed throughout development, but the long isoform is adult-specific, being the dominant of the two isoforms in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs). A concomitant, muscle-specific knockdown of both isoforms leads to partial developmental lethality, with most of the surviving flies being flight defective. A global loss of both isoforms in a Mlp60A-null background also leads to developmental lethality, with muscle defects in the individuals that survive to the third instar larval stage. This lethality could be rescued partially by a muscle-specific overexpression of the short isoform. Genetic perturbation of only the long isoform, through a P-element insertion in the long isoform-specific coding sequence, leads to defective flight, in around 90% of the flies. This phenotype was completely rescued when the P-element insertion was precisely excised from the locus. Hence, our data show that the two Mlp60A isoforms are functionally specialized: the short isoform being essential for normal embryonic muscle development and the long isoform being necessary for normal adult flight muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wishard
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | - Saraf R Ramesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India; Department of Life Sciences, Pooja Bhagvat Memorial Mahajana Education Center, K. R. S. Road, Mysuru, 570016, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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Noureddine M, Gehmlich K. Structural and signaling proteins in the Z-disk and their role in cardiomyopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143858. [PMID: 36935760 PMCID: PMC10017460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The Z-disk anchors the actin-rich thin filaments and plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the cardiac muscle. A multitude of proteins interact with each other at the Z-disk and they regulate the mechanical properties of the thin filaments. Over the past 2 decades, the role of the Z-disk in cardiac muscle contraction has been assessed widely, however, the impact of genetic variants in Z-disk proteins has still not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the various Z-disk proteins (alpha-actinin, filamin C, titin, muscle LIM protein, telethonin, myopalladin, nebulette, and nexilin) and Z-disk-associated proteins (desmin, and obscurin) and their role in cardiac structural stability and intracellular signaling. This review further explores how genetic variants of Z-disk proteins are linked to inherited cardiac conditions termed cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Noureddine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maya Noureddine, ; Katja Gehmlich,
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maya Noureddine, ; Katja Gehmlich,
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28
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Ahmed RE, Tokuyama T, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210325. [PMID: 36189811 PMCID: PMC9527934 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac development, cardiomyocytes mature and turn into adult ones. Hence, all cellular properties, including morphology, structure, physiology and metabolism, are changed. One of the most important aspects is the contractile apparatus, of which the minimum unit is known as a sarcomere. Sarcomere maturation is evident by enhanced sarcomere alignment, ultrastructural organization and myofibrillar isoform switching. Any maturation process failure may result in cardiomyopathy. Sarcomere function is intricately related to other organelles, and the growing evidence suggests reciprocal regulation of sarcomere and mitochondria on their maturation. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism that regulates sarcomere maturation and the interplay between sarcomere and other organelles in cardiomyocyte maturation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan E. Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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29
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Mohammadi MH, Okhovatian S, Savoji H, Campbell SB, Lai BFL, Wu J, Pascual-Gil S, Bannerman D, Rafatian N, Li RK, Radisic M. Toward Hierarchical Assembly of Aligned Cell Sheets into a Conical Cardiac Ventricle Using Microfabricated Elastomers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101165. [PMID: 35798316 PMCID: PMC9691564 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite current efforts in organ-on-chip engineering to construct miniature cardiac models, they often lack some physiological aspects of the heart, including fiber orientation. This motivates the development of bioartificial left ventricle models that mimic the myofiber orientation of the native ventricle. Herein, an approach relying on microfabricated elastomers that enables hierarchical assembly of 2D aligned cell sheets into a functional conical cardiac ventricle is described. Soft lithography and injection molding techniques are used to fabricate micro-grooves on an elastomeric polymer scaffold with three different orientations ranging from -60° to +60°, each on a separate trapezoidal construct. The width of the micro-grooves is optimized to direct the majority of cells along the groove direction and while periodic breaks are used to promote cell-cell contact. The scaffold is wrapped around a central mandrel to obtain a conical-shaped left ventricle model inspired by the size of a human left ventricle 19 weeks post-gestation. Rectangular micro-scale holes are incorporated to alleviate oxygen diffusional limitations within the 3D scaffold. Cardiomyocytes within the 3D left ventricle constructs showed high viability in all layers after 7 days of cultivation. The hierarchically assembled left ventricle also provided functional readouts such as calcium transients and ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott B. Campbell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lun Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Pascual-Gil
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Furlani F, Campodoni E, Sangiorgi N, Montesi M, Sanson A, Sandri M, Panseri S. Electroconductive scaffolds based on gelatin and PEDOT:PSS for cardiac regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:266-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dickerson DA. Advancing Engineered Heart Muscle Tissue Complexity with Hydrogel Composites. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 7:e2200067. [PMID: 35999488 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A heart attack results in the permanent loss of heart muscle and can lead to heart disease, which kills more than 7 million people worldwide each year. To date, outside of heart transplantation, current clinical treatments cannot regenerate lost heart muscle or restore full function to the damaged heart. There is a critical need to create engineered heart tissues with structural complexity and functional capacity needed to replace damaged heart muscle. The inextricable link between structure and function suggests that hydrogel composites hold tremendous promise as a biomaterial-guided strategy to advance heart muscle tissue engineering. Such composites provide biophysical cues and functionality as a provisional extracellular matrix that hydrogels cannot on their own. This review describes the latest advances in the characterization of these biomaterial systems and using them for heart muscle tissue engineering. The review integrates results across the field to provide new insights on critical features within hydrogel composites and perspectives on the next steps to harnessing these promising biomaterials to faithfully reproduce the complex structure and function of native heart muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A. Dickerson
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International University 10555 West Flagler St Miami FL 33174 USA
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32
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Ren M, Ong C, Buist ML, Yap CH. Biventricular biaxial mechanical testing and constitutive modelling of fetal porcine myocardium passive stiffness. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li N, Hang W, Shu H, Zhou N. RBM20, a Therapeutic Target to Alleviate Myocardial Stiffness via Titin Isoforms Switching in HFpEF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:928244. [PMID: 35783855 PMCID: PMC9243441 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.928244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased myocardial stiffness is critically involved in heart diseases with impaired cardiac compliance, especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Myocardial stiffness mainly derives from cardiomyocyte- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived passive stiffness. Titin, a major component of sarcomeres, participates in myocardial passive stiffness and stress-sensitive signaling. The ratio of two titin isoforms, N2BA to N2B, was validated to influence diastolic dysfunction via several pathways. RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) is a well-studied splicing factor of titin, functional deficiency of RBM20 in mice profile improved cardiac compliance and function, which indicated that RBM20 functions as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating myocardial stiffness by modulating titin isoforms. This minor review summarized how RBM20 and other splicing factors modify the titin isoforms ratio, therefore providing a promising target for improving the myocardial compliance of HFpEF.
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34
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Okhovatian S, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Radisic M. Engineering Models of the Heart Left Ventricle. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2144-2160. [PMID: 35523206 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite capturing the imagination of scientists for decades, the goal of creating an artificial heart for transplantation proved to be significantly more challenging than initially anticipated. Toward this goal, recent ground-breaking studies demonstrate the development of functional left ventricular (LV) models. LV models are artificially constructed 3D chambers that are capable of containing liquid within the engineered cavity and exhibit the functionality of native LV including contraction, ejection of fluid, and electrical impulse propagation. Various hydrogels and polymers have been used in manufacturing of LV models, relying on techniques such as electrospinning, bioprinting, casting, and molding. Most studies scaled down the models based on the dimensions of the human or rat ventricle. Initially, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were the cell type of choice for construction the LV models. Yet, as the stem cell biology field advanced, recent studies focused on the use of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we first describe the physiological characteristics of the human heart, to establish the parameter space for modeling. We then elaborate on current advances in the field and compare recently developed LV models among themselves and with the native human left ventricle. Fabrication methods, cell types, biomaterials, functional properties, and disease modeling capability are some of the major parameters that have distinguished these models. We also highlight some of the current challenges in this field, such as vascularization, cell composition and fidelity, and discuss potential solutions to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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35
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Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060880. [PMID: 35741401 PMCID: PMC9220194 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Death from injury to the heart from a variety of causes remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The cardiomyocyte, the major contracting cell of the heart, is responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. During fetal development, these immature cardiomyocytes are small and rapidly divide to complete development of the heart by birth when they develop structural and functional characteristics of mature cells which prevent further division. All further growth of the heart after birth is due to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy. Following the loss of functional cardiomyocytes due to coronary artery occlusion or other causes, the heart is unable to replace the lost cells. One of the significant research goals has been to induce adult cardiomyocytes to reactivate the cell cycle and repair cardiac injury. This review explores the developmental, structural, and functional changes of the growing cardiomyocyte, and particularly the sarcomere, responsible for force generation, from the early fetal period of reproductive cell growth through the neonatal period and on to adulthood, as well as during pathological response to different forms of myocardial diseases or injury. Multiple issues relative to cardiomyocyte cell-cycle regulation in normal or diseased conditions are discussed. Abstract The cardiomyocyte undergoes dramatic changes in structure, metabolism, and function from the early fetal stage of hyperplastic cell growth, through birth and the conversion to hypertrophic cell growth, continuing to the adult stage and responding to various forms of stress on the myocardium, often leading to myocardial failure. The fetal cell with incompletely formed sarcomeres and other cellular and extracellular components is actively undergoing mitosis, organelle dispersion, and formation of daughter cells. In the first few days of neonatal life, the heart is able to repair fully from injury, but not after conversion to hypertrophic growth. Structural and metabolic changes occur following conversion to hypertrophic growth which forms a barrier to further cardiomyocyte division, though interstitial components continue dividing to keep pace with cardiac growth. Both intra- and extracellular structural changes occur in the stressed myocardium which together with hemodynamic alterations lead to metabolic and functional alterations of myocardial failure. This review probes some of the questions regarding conditions that regulate normal and pathologic growth of the heart.
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Lin YM, Paolino L, Lou L, Herrera A, Pierre E, Agarwal A, Ramaswamy S. Directional dependence on concomitant pressure and volume increases during left ventricular filling. J Biomech 2022; 138:111129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quttainah M, Raveendran VV, Saleh S, Parhar R, Aljoufan M, Moorjani N, Al-Halees ZY, AlShahid M, Collison KS, Westaby S, Al-Mohanna F. Transcriptomal Insights of Heart Failure from Normality to Recovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050731. [PMID: 35625658 PMCID: PMC9138767 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management of heart failure (HF) is centred on modulating the progression of symptoms and severity of left ventricular dysfunction. However, specific understandings of genetic and molecular targets are needed for more precise treatments. To attain a clearer picture of this, we studied transcriptome changes in a chronic progressive HF model. Fifteen sheep (Ovis aries) underwent supracoronary aortic banding using an inflatable cuff. Controlled and progressive induction of pressure overload in the LV was monitored by echocardiography. Endomyocardial biopsies were collected throughout the development of LV failure (LVF) and during the stage of recovery. RNA-seq data were analysed using the PANTHER database, Metascape, and DisGeNET to annotate the gene expression for functional ontologies. Echocardiography revealed distinct clinical differences between the progressive stages of hypertrophy, dilatation, and failure. A unique set of transcript expressions in each stage was identified, despite an overlap of gene expression. The removal of pressure overload allowed the LV to recover functionally. Compared to the control stage, there were a total of 256 genes significantly changed in their expression in failure, 210 genes in hypertrophy, and 73 genes in dilatation. Gene expression in the recovery stage was comparable with the control stage with a well-noted improvement in LV function. RNA-seq revealed the expression of genes in each stage that are not reported in cardiovascular pathology. We identified genes that may be potentially involved in the aetiology of progressive stages of HF, and that may provide future targets for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Quttainah
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Vineesh Vimala Raveendran
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Soad Saleh
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Ranjit Parhar
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Mansour Aljoufan
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Narain Moorjani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK;
| | - Zohair Y. Al-Halees
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Maie AlShahid
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Kate S. Collison
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Stephen Westaby
- Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX9 3DU, UK;
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (V.V.R.); (S.S.); (R.P.); (K.S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Lin YH, Major JL, Liebner T, Hourani Z, Travers JG, Wennersten SA, Haefner KR, Cavasin MA, Wilson CE, Jeong MY, Han Y, Gotthardt M, Ferguson SK, Ambardekar AV, Lam MP, Choudhary C, Granzier HL, Woulfe KC, McKinsey TA. HDAC6 modulates myofibril stiffness and diastolic function of the heart. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e148333. [PMID: 35575093 PMCID: PMC9106344 DOI: 10.1172/jci148333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive stiffness of the heart is determined largely by extracellular matrix and titin, which functions as a molecular spring within sarcomeres. Titin stiffening is associated with the development of diastolic dysfunction (DD), while augmented titin compliance appears to impair systolic performance in dilated cardiomyopathy. We found that myofibril stiffness was elevated in mice lacking histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Cultured adult murine ventricular myocytes treated with a selective HDAC6 inhibitor also exhibited increased myofibril stiffness. Conversely, HDAC6 overexpression in cardiomyocytes led to decreased myofibril stiffness, as did ex vivo treatment of mouse, rat, and human myofibrils with recombinant HDAC6. Modulation of myofibril stiffness by HDAC6 was dependent on 282 amino acids encompassing a portion of the PEVK element of titin. HDAC6 colocalized with Z-disks, and proteomics analysis suggested that HDAC6 functions as a sarcomeric protein deacetylase. Finally, increased myofibril stiffness in HDAC6-deficient mice was associated with exacerbated DD in response to hypertension or aging. These findings define a role for a deacetylase in the control of myofibril function and myocardial passive stiffness, suggest that reversible acetylation alters titin compliance, and reveal the potential of targeting HDAC6 to manipulate the elastic properties of the heart to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Major
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tim Liebner
- Department of Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zaynab Hourani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua G. Travers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sara A. Wennersten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Korey R. Haefner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria A. Cavasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott K. Ferguson
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amrut V. Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maggie P.Y. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Chunaram Choudhary
- Department of Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henk L. Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Querceto S, Santoro R, Gowran A, Grandinetti B, Pompilio G, Regnier M, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C, Pioner JM. The harder the climb the better the view: The impact of substrate stiffness on cardiomyocyte fate. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:36-49. [PMID: 35139328 PMCID: PMC11270945 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The quest for novel methods to mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for cardiac regeneration, modelling and drug testing has emphasized a need to create microenvironments with physiological features. Many studies have reported on how cardiomyocytes sense substrate stiffness and adapt their morphological and functional properties. However, these observations have raised new biological questions and a shared vision to translate it into a tissue or organ context is still elusive. In this review, we will focus on the relevance of substrates mimicking cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) rigidity for the understanding of the biomechanical crosstalk between the extracellular and intracellular environment. The ability to opportunely modulate these pathways could be a key to regulate in vitro hiPSC-CM maturation. Therefore, both hiPSC-CM models and substrate stiffness appear as intriguing tools for the investigation of cECM-cell interactions. More understanding of these mechanisms may provide novel insights on how cECM affects cardiac cell function in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Querceto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Grandinetti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
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Shi M, Bai L, Xu M, Li Z, Hu T, Hu J, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Guo B. Micropatterned conductive elastomer patch based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-graphene for cardiac tissue repair. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35235923 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac59f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preparing a micropatterned elastomer film with characteristics that can simulate the mechanical properties, anisotropy, and electroactivity of natural myocardial tissues is crucial in cardiac tissue engineering after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, in this study, we developed several elastomeric films with a surface micropattern based on poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and graphene (Gr). These films have sufficient mechanical strength (0.6 ± 0.1-3.2 ± 0.08 MPa) to withstand heartbeats, and the micropatterned structure also satisfies the natural myocardium anisotropy in the transverse and vertical. Moreover, Gr makes these films conductive (up to 5.80 × 10-7 S/m), which is necessary for the conduction of electrical signals between cardiomyocytes and the cardiac tissue. Furthermore, they have good cytocompatibility and can promote cell proliferation in H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell lines. In vivo test results indicate that these films have good biocompatibility. Notably, a film with 1 wt% Gr content (PGS-Gr1) significantly affects the recovery of myocardial function in rats after MI. This film effectively decreased the infarct size and degree of myocardial fibrosis and reduced collagen deposition. Echocardiographic evaluation showed that after treatment with this film, the left ventricular internal dimension in systole and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole of rats exhibited a significant downward trend, whereas the fractional shortening and ejection fraction were significantly increased compared with the control group. These data indicate that this electroactive micropatterned anisotropic elastomer film can be applied in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Shi
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Lang Bai
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Meiguang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Tianli Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Juan Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Baolin Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
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Rocca A, van Heeswijk RB, Richiardi J, Meyer P, Hullin R. The Cardiomyocyte in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction-Victim of Its Environment? Cells 2022; 11:867. [PMID: 35269489 PMCID: PMC8909081 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming the predominant form of HF. However, medical therapy that improves cardiovascular outcome in HF patients with almost normal and normal systolic left ventricular function, but diastolic dysfunction is missing. The cause of this unmet need is incomplete understanding of HFpEF pathophysiology, the heterogeneity of the patient population, and poor matching of therapeutic mechanisms and primary pathophysiological processes. Recently, animal models improved understanding of the pathophysiological role of highly prevalent and often concomitantly presenting comorbidity in HFpEF patients. Evidence from these animal models provide first insight into cellular pathophysiology not considered so far in HFpEF disease, promising that improved understanding may provide new therapeutical targets. This review merges observation from animal models and human HFpEF disease with the intention to converge cardiomyocytes pathophysiological aspects and clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rocca
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Ruud B. van Heeswijk
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.B.v.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.B.v.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Cardiology Service, Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Science, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Roger Hullin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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In heart failure reactivation of RNA-binding proteins is associated with the expression of 1,523 fetal-specific isoforms. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009918. [PMID: 35226669 PMCID: PMC8912908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of fetal-specific genes and isoforms occurs during heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the extent to which the fetal program switch occurs remains unclear. Limitations hindering transcriptome-wide analyses of alternative splicing differences (i.e. isoform switching) in cardiovascular system (CVS) tissues between fetal, healthy adult and heart failure have included both cellular heterogeneity across bulk RNA-seq samples and limited availability of fetal tissue for research. To overcome these limitations, we have deconvoluted the cellular compositions of 996 RNA-seq samples representing heart failure, healthy adult (heart and arteria), and fetal-like (iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells) CVS tissues. Comparison of the expression profiles revealed that reactivation of fetal-specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and the accompanied re-expression of 1,523 fetal-specific isoforms, contribute to the transcriptome differences between heart failure and healthy adult heart. Of note, isoforms for 20 different RBPs were among those that reverted in heart failure to the fetal-like expression pattern. We determined that, compared with adult-specific isoforms, fetal-specific isoforms encode proteins that tend to have more functions, are more likely to harbor RBP binding sites, have canonical sequences at their splice sites, and contain typical upstream polypyrimidine tracts. Our study suggests that compared with healthy adult, fetal cardiac tissue requires stricter transcriptional regulation, and that during heart failure reversion to this stricter transcriptional regulation occurs. Furthermore, we provide a resource of cardiac developmental stage-specific and heart failure-associated genes and isoforms, which are largely unexplored and can be exploited to investigate novel therapeutics for heart failure. Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood. It has been shown that in heart failure, the adult heart reverts to a fetal-like metabolic state and oxygen consumption. Additionally, genes and isoforms that are expressed in the heart only during fetal development (i.e. not in the healthy adult heart) are turned on in heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the extent to which the switch to a fetal gene program occurs remains unclear. In this study, we initially characterized the differences between the fetal and adult heart transcriptomes (entire set of expressed genes and isoforms). We found that RNA binding proteins (RBPs), a family of genes that regulate multiple aspects of a transcript’s maturation, including transcription, splicing and post-transcriptional modifications, play a central role in the differences between fetal and adult heart tissues. We observed that many RBPs that are only expressed in the heart during fetal development become reactivated in heart failure, resulting in the expression of 1,523 fetal-specific isoforms. These findings suggest that reactivation of fetal-specific RBPs in heart failure drives a transcriptome-wide switch to expression of fetal-specific isoforms; and hence that RBPs could potentially serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Pitoulis FG, Nunez-Toldra R, Xiao K, Kit-Anan W, Mitzka S, Jabbour RJ, Harding SE, Perbellini F, Thum T, de Tombe PP, Terracciano CM. Remodelling of adult cardiac tissue subjected to physiological and pathological mechanical load in vitro. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:814-827. [PMID: 33723566 PMCID: PMC8859636 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac remodelling is the process by which the heart adapts to its environment. Mechanical load is a major driver of remodelling. Cardiac tissue culture has been frequently employed for in vitro studies of load-induced remodelling; however, current in vitro protocols (e.g. cyclic stretch, isometric load, and auxotonic load) are oversimplified and do not accurately capture the dynamic sequence of mechanical conformational changes experienced by the heart in vivo. This limits translational scope and relevance of findings. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a novel methodology to study chronic load in vitro. We first developed a bioreactor that can recreate the electromechanical events of in vivo pressure-volume loops as in vitro force-length loops. We then used the bioreactor to culture rat living myocardial slices (LMS) for 3 days. The bioreactor operated based on a 3-Element Windkessel circulatory model enabling tissue mechanical loading based on physiologically relevant parameters of afterload and preload. LMS were continuously stretched/relaxed during culture simulating conditions of physiological load (normal preload and afterload), pressure-overload (normal preload and high afterload), or volume-overload (high preload & normal afterload). At the end of culture, functional, structural, and molecular assays were performed to determine load-induced remodelling. Both pressure- and volume-overloaded LMS showed significantly decreased contractility that was more pronounced in the latter compared with physiological load (P < 0.0001). Overloaded groups also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; RNAseq identified shared and unique genes expressed in each overload group. The PI3K-Akt pathway was dysregulated in volume-overload while inflammatory pathways were mostly associated with remodelling in pressure-overloaded LMS. CONCLUSION We have developed a proof-of-concept platform and methodology to recreate remodelling under pathophysiological load in vitro. We show that LMS cultured in our bioreactor remodel as a function of the type of mechanical load applied to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios G Pitoulis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Raquel Nunez-Toldra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Worrapong Kit-Anan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Saskia Mitzka
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Rm E202 (MC901), Chicago, IL 60612-7342, USA
| | - Cesare M Terracciano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
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Luo XH, Zhu R, Chen Q, Shi PH, Na LS. Early Diagnosis of Abnormal Left Ventricular Systolic Functions of Rare Pathogenic Titin Mutation Gene Carriers in FHCM by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Combined with Gene Detection. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:3415545. [PMID: 36304977 PMCID: PMC9578807 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3415545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the early diagnosis of abnormal left ventricular systolic function of rare pathogenic titin (TTN) mutation gene carriers in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) combined with gene detection. METHODS Eighteen members of a Hui nationality family in Ningxia province of China were enrolled in this study in July 2019. The proband was tested with high-throughput sequencing of gene detection technology to detect the whole exome, and the mutation locus of pathogenic TTN gene was analyzed. According to the result, 16 subjects were divided into two groups: carrier group (n = 4) and noncarrier group (n = 12). Related indicators from 2DE were obtained, and myocardial strain indicators from 3D-STE were analyzed by postprocessing software of Tomtec. Strain indicators included global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumference strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), regional longitudinal strain (RLS), regional circumference strain (RCS), and regional radial strain (RRS). All those indicators were compared between the two groups, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for further analysis. RESULTS There were 4 subjects diagnosed as asymptomatic TTN gene carriers with the mutation locus of Val135643Ile. Compared with the noncarrier group, GLS and partial RLS were significantly reduced in the carrier group. The ROC curve shows that GLS has the largest AUC, and its sensitivity was better than LVPWD and specificity was better than IVSD and LVMI obtained from 2DE in the carrier group. CONCLUSIONS There were 4 subjects diagnosed as asymptomatic TTN gene carriers with the mutation locus of Val135643Ile, and their GLS and partial RLS were significantly reduced; GLS had the better sensitivity and specificity than LVPWD, IVSD, and LVMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-hong Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Wuzhong People's Hospital, Wuzhong City, Ningxia 751100, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Function Examination of Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Pei-hong Shi
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Wuzhong People's Hospital, Wuzhong City, Ningxia 751100, China
| | - Li-sha Na
- Department of Cardiac Function Examination of Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia 750004, China
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45
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Liu H, Nguyen HH, Yoon KT, Lee SS. Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:849253. [PMID: 36926084 PMCID: PMC10013066 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.849253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction associated with cirrhosis in the absence of preexisting heart disease is a condition known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Cardiac abnormalities consist of enlargement of cardiac chambers, attenuated systolic and diastolic contractile responses to stress stimuli, and repolarization changes. CCM may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation and other major surgeries, and also to the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome. The underlying mechanisms of CCM are poorly understood and as such medical therapy is an area of unmet medical need. The present review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for development of CCM. The two major concurrent mechanistic pathways are the inflammatory phenotype due to portal hypertension, and protein/lipid synthetic/metabolic defects due to cirrhosis and liver insufficiency. The inflammatory phenotype arises from intestinal congestion due to portal hypertension, resulting in bacteria/endotoxin translocation into the systemic circulation. The cytokine storm associated with inflammation, particularly TNFα acting via NFκB depresses cardiac function. They also stimulate two evanescent gases, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide which produce cardiodepression by cGMP. Inflammation also stimulates the endocannabinoid CB-1 pathway. These systems inhibit the stimulatory beta-adrenergic contractile pathway. The liver insufficiency of cirrhosis is associated with defective synthesis or metabolism of several substances including proteins and lipids/lipoproteins. The protein defects including titin and collagen contribute to diastolic dysfunction. Other protein abnormalities such as a switch of myosin heavy chain isoforms result in systolic dysfunction. Lipid biochemical changes at the cardiac sarcolemmal plasma membrane result in increased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio and decreased membrane fluidity. Final common pathway changes involve abnormal cardiomyocyte intracellular ion kinetics, particularly calcium. In conclusion, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is caused by two pathways of cellular and molecular dysfunction/damage due to hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henry H Nguyen
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ki Tae Yoon
- Liver Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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46
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Villalobos Lizardi JC, Baranger J, Nguyen MB, Asnacios A, Malik A, Lumens J, Mertens L, Friedberg MK, Simmons CA, Pernot M, Villemain O. A guide for assessment of myocardial stiffness in health and disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:8-22. [PMID: 39196108 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial stiffness is an intrinsic property of the myocardium that influences both diastolic and systolic cardiac function. Myocardial stiffness represents the resistance of this tissue to being deformed and depends on intracellular components of the cardiomyocyte, particularly the cytoskeleton, and on extracellular components, such as collagen fibers. Myocardial disease is associated with changes in myocardial stiffness, and its assessment is a key diagnostic marker of acute or chronic pathological myocardial disease with the potential to guide therapeutic decision-making. In this Review, we appraise the different techniques that can be used to estimate myocardial stiffness, evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Villalobos Lizardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerome Baranger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aimen Malik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Mertens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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47
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Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Specht KS, Whitcomb LA, Omar AK, Miyamoto SD, Wolfe LM, Chicco AJ. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation and respiratory complex I deficiencies distinguish Barth Syndrome from idiopathic pediatric cardiomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:111-124. [PMID: 34821394 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder that results from mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene, which encodes a phospholipid transacylase responsible for generating the mature form of cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membranes. BTHS patients develop early onset cardiomyopathy and a derangement of intermediary metabolism consistent with mitochondrial disease, but the precise alterations in cardiac metabolism that distinguish BTHS from idiopathic forms of cardiomyopathy are unknown. We performed the first metabolic analysis of myocardial tissue from BTHS cardiomyopathy patients compared to age- and sex-matched patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nonfailing controls. Results corroborate previous evidence for deficiencies in cardiolipin content and its linoleoyl enrichment as defining features of BTHS cardiomyopathy, and reveal a dramatic accumulation of hydrolyzed (monolyso-) cardiolipin molecular species. Respiratory chain protein deficiencies were observed in both BTHS and DCM, but a selective depletion of complex I was seen only in BTHS after controlling for an apparent loss of mitochondrial density in cardiomyopathic hearts. Distinct shifts in the expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes and the tissue acyl-CoA profile of BTHS hearts suggest a specific block in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation upstream of the conventional matrix beta-oxidation cycle, which may be compensated for by a greater reliance upon peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and the catabolism of ketones, amino acids, and pyruvate to meet cardiac energy demands. These results provide a comprehensive foundation for exploring novel therapeutic strategies that target the adaptive and maladaptive metabolic features of BTHS cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Asma K Omar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa M Wolfe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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48
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Abstract
The number of therapies for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction has nearly doubled in the past decade. In addition, new therapies for HF caused by hypertrophic and infiltrative disease are emerging rapidly. Indeed, we are on the verge of a new era in HF in which insights into the biology of myocardial disease can be matched to an understanding of the genetic predisposition in an individual patient to inform precision approaches to therapy. In this Review, we summarize the biology of HF, emphasizing the causal relationships between genetic contributors and traditional structure-based remodelling outcomes, and highlight the mechanisms of action of traditional and novel therapeutics. We discuss the latest advances in our understanding of both the Mendelian genetics of cardiomyopathy and the complex genetics of the clinical syndrome presenting as HF. In the phenotypic domain, we discuss applications of machine learning for the subcategorization of HF in ways that might inform rational prescribing of medications. We aim to bridge the gap between the biology of the failing heart, its diverse clinical presentations and the range of medications that we can now use to treat it. We present a roadmap for the future of precision medicine in HF.
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49
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Gao S, Sun H, Chen K, Gu X, Chen H, Jiang L, Chen L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Shi D, Liang D, Xu L, Yang J, Ruan Y, Chen H, Shen B, Ma H, Chen YH. Depletion of m 6 A reader protein YTHDC1 induces dilated cardiomyopathy by abnormal splicing of Titin. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10879-10891. [PMID: 34716659 PMCID: PMC8642692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most prevalent modification in mRNA and engages in multiple biological processes. Previous studies indicated that m6 A methyltransferase METTL3 ('writer') and demethylase FTO ('eraser') play critical roles in heart-related disease. However, in the heart, the function of m6 A 'reader', such as YTH (YT521-B homology) domain-containing proteins remains unclear. Here, we report that the defect in YTHDC1 but not other YTH family members contributes to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in mice. Cardiac-specific conditional Ythdc1 knockout led to obvious left ventricular chamber enlargement and severe systolic dysfunction. YTHDC1 deficiency also resulted in the decrease of cardiomyocyte contractility and disordered sarcomere arrangement. By means of integrating multiple high-throughput sequence technologies, including m6 A-MeRIP, RIP-seq and mRNA-seq, we identified 42 transcripts as potential downstream targets of YTHDC1. Amongst them, we found that Titin mRNA was decorated with m6 A modification and depletion of YTHDC1 resulted in aberrant splicing of Titin. Our study suggests that Ythdc1 plays crucial role in regulating the normal contractile function and the development of DCM. These findings clarify the essential role of m6 A reader in cardiac biofunction and provide a novel potential target for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liudan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjiao Ruan
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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50
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Loescher CM, Hobbach AJ, Linke WA. Titin (TTN): from molecule to modifications, mechanics and medical significance. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2903-2918. [PMID: 34662387 PMCID: PMC9648829 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant sarcomere protein titin is a major determinant of cardiomyocyte stiffness and contributor to cardiac strain sensing. Titin-based forces are highly regulated in health and disease, which aids in the regulation of myocardial function, including cardiac filling and output. Due to the enormous size, complexity, and malleability of the titin molecule, titin properties are also vulnerable to dysregulation, as observed in various cardiac disorders. This review provides an overview of how cardiac titin properties can be changed at a molecular level, including the role isoform diversity and post-translational modifications (acetylation, oxidation, and phosphorylation) play in regulating myocardial stiffness and contractility. We then consider how this regulation becomes unbalanced in heart disease, with an emphasis on changes in titin stiffness and protein quality control. In this context, new insights into the key pathomechanisms of human cardiomyopathy due to a truncation in the titin gene (TTN) are discussed. Along the way, we touch on the potential for titin to be therapeutically targeted to treat acquired or inherited cardiac conditions, such as HFpEF or TTN-truncation cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Loescher
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, Münster, 48149 Germany
| | - Anastasia J Hobbach
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, Münster, 48149 Germany
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