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Pacifico L, Perla FM, Tromba L, Carbotta G, Lavorato M, Pierimarchi P, Chiesa C. Carotid Extra-Media Thickness in Children: Relationships With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Endothelial Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:574216. [PMID: 33071981 PMCID: PMC7541844 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.574216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that structural adventitial modifications and perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) may have a role in early atherogenesis. In a cohort of children and adolescents, we explored (1) the association of carotid extra-media thickness (cEMT), an ultrasound measure whose main determinants are arterial adventitia and PAT, with obesity and its cardiometabolic complications; and (2) the interplay between cEMT and endothelial function. Methods: The study participants included 286 youths (age, 6-16 years; 154 boys, and 132 girls). Anthropometric and laboratory parameters, liver ultrasound, vascular structure measures [cEMT and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)], endothelial function [brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] were obtained in all subjects. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed in the presence of hepatic fat on ultrasonography, in the absence of other causes of liver disease. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was established on the basis of three or more of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk variables: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure (BP), and impaired fasting glucose. Results: cEMT demonstrated significant associations with body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), BP, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and inflammation. No association was found between cEMT and lipid values, and between cEMT and MetS. A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that WC (β coefficient, 0.35; P < 0.0001) was the only determinant of cEMT, independently of other major cardiometabolic risk factors. Further adjustment for cIMT did not significantly alter this association. FMD was correlated to age, Tanner stage, total and abdominal obesity, BP, NAFLD, and cEMT. The association between FMD and cEMT was independent of age, sex, Tanner stage, WC, and BMI (β coefficient, -0.14; P = 0.027). After controlling for CVD risk factors and basal brachial artery diameter, cEMT remained associated with FMD (β coefficient, -0.11; P = 0.049). Conclusions: In youths, cEMT is associated with abdominal fat, a well-established body fat depot with important implications for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, cEMT is related to FMD, suggesting that arterial adventitia and PAT may be involved in the early changes in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Pacifico
| | | | - Luciana Tromba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carbotta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Lavorato
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Nascimento RD, Viana A, Sartori M, Zaffalon Júnior JR, Dias DDS, Monzani JDOB, Bernardes N, Irigoyen MC, Angelis KD. SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE IN ADOLESCENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENT IN AUTONOMIC CARDIOVASCULAR MODULATION. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192503189328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Regular physical exercise, or a more active lifestyle, are important to prevent cardiovascular diseases, reducing not only cardiovascular mortality but also promoting a reduction in the risk factors related to these diseases. Objective To assess the association between physical inactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the Diagnostic Type with Level of Evidence II according to the Oxford table. One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents were evaluated, aged 15 and 17 years old, divided into four groups: male teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAM n = 28) or physically active (FAM n = 29), and female teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAF n = 42) or physically active (FAF n = 30). The level of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ. The HRV was evaluated in the time and frequency domains. Results Reduced pulse interval variance was observed in the insufficiently active male or female groups (5089 ± 378 ms2 and 4335 ± 276 ms2 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (9106 ± 606 ms2 and 6182 ± 366 ms2 respectively). Moreover, the insufficiently active groups presented higher cardiac sympathetic/vagal balance values (0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.05 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05 respectively). Conclusion A physically active lifestyle was associated with better cardiovascular autonomic modulation in adolescents. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katia De Angelis
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu H, Pei X, Shi K, Wang J, Han F, Li A. Effects of replacing wheat flour with detoxified ginkgo nut powder on lipid metabolism of obese C57BL/6J male mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1358255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Pei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Shi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Cereals and Oils Nutrition Research Center, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Cereals and Oils Nutrition Research Center, Academy of State Administration of Grain (ASAG), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Antidiabetic effect of SN158 through PPARα/γ dual activation in ob / ob mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Impact of metabolic syndrome on perioperative complication rates after total joint arthroplasty surgery. J Arthroplasty 2014; 29:1842-5. [PMID: 24851795 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on perioperative and postoperative complication rates: the results of a cohort of 168 total hip and knee arthroplasties, 63 of normal weight, 105 with obesity without risk factors for metabolic syndrome and 39 with obesity and other factors that classify them with metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome were more likely to have complications than those without metabolic syndrome (P=0.0156). Perioperative and postoperative complication rates for the MetS and control groups were 35.9% and 16.3%, respectively. Elevated BMI was the element of MetS that had the largest impact on post-surgical complication rates, and this was statistically significant (P=0.0028). The presence of MetS in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty has a significant impact on surgical complication rates. This cannot be attributed to the BMI component alone, and may help guide efforts of patient optimization prior to total joint arthroplasty.
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Valenta I, Dilsizian V, Quercioli A, Schelbert HR, Schindler TH. The Influence of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus on Vascular Tone and Myocardial Blood Flow. Curr Cardiol Rep 2011; 14:217-25. [PMID: 22205177 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-011-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Valenta
- Department of Specialities in Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pellanda LC. Early determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the life course: a paradigm shift to prevention. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Pellanda LC. Determinantes precoces das doenças cardiovasculares no curso da vida: uma mudança de paradigma para a prevenção. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011; 57:608-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Schindler TH, Schelbert HR, Quercioli A, Dilsizian V. Cardiac PET imaging for the detection and monitoring of coronary artery disease and microvascular health. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:623-40. [PMID: 20541718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging in concert with tracer-kinetic modeling affords the assessment of regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) of the left ventricle in absolute terms (milliliters per gram per minute). Assessment of MBF both at rest and during various forms of vasomotor stress provides insight into early and subclinical abnormalities in coronary arterial vascular function and/or structure, noninvasively. The noninvasive evaluation and quantification of MBF and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) extend the scope of conventional myocardial perfusion imaging from detection of end-stage, advanced, and flow-limiting, epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) to early stages of atherosclerosis or microvascular dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that impaired hyperemic MBF or MFR with PET, with or without accompanying CAD, is predictive of increased relative risk of death or progression of heart failure. Quantitative approaches that measure MBF with PET identify multivessel CAD and offer the opportunity to monitor responses to lifestyle and/or risk factor modification and to therapeutic interventions. Whether improvement or normalization of hyperemic MBF and/or the MFR will translate to improvement in long-term cardiovascular outcome remains clinically untested. In the meantime, absolute measures of MBF with PET can be used as a surrogate marker for coronary vascular health, and to monitor therapeutic interventions. Although the assessment of myocardial perfusion with PET has become an indispensable tool in cardiac research, it remains underutilized in clinical practice. Individualized, image-guided cardiovascular therapy may likely change this paradigm in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Schindler
- Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Keating XD, Lambdin D, Harrison L, Dauenhauer B. Changes in K-12 physical education programs from 2001 to 2006. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2010; 81:180-188. [PMID: 20527303 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the changes in physical education programs from 2001 to 2006 based on an analysis of data reported in The Shape of the Nation Report: Status of Physical Education in the USA (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2006). Means and standard deviations for numeric variables in the reports were computed, and percentages were calculated for the categorical variables. The data indicated a significant increase from 2001 to 2006 in establishing state physical education standards. Mandated class size at all educational levels and required physical education units for high school graduation remained the same. The requirement for physical education assessment and mandated fitness testing did not increase significantly. Furthermore, there was no significant improvement in state regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen D Keating
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The University of Texas-Austin, College of Education, 78712, USA.
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Urbina EM, Williams RV, Alpert BS, Collins RT, Daniels SR, Hayman L, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, Mietus-Snyder M, Rocchini A, Steinberger J, McCrindle B. Noninvasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment for clinical research: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2009; 54:919-50. [PMID: 19729599 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.192639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deterioration in endothelial function and arterial stiffness are early events in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In adults, noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis have become established as valid and reliable tools for refining cardiovascular risk to target individuals who need early intervention. With limited pediatric data, the use of these techniques in children and adolescents largely has been reserved for research purposes. Therefore, this scientific statement was written to (1) review the current literature on the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents, (2) make recommendations for the standardization of these tools for research, and (3) stimulate further research with a goal of developing valid and reliable techniques with normative data for noninvasive clinical evaluation of atherosclerosis in pediatric patients. Precise and reliable noninvasive tests for atherosclerosis in youth will improve our ability to estimate future risk for heart attack and stroke. Currently, large longitudinal studies of cardiovascular risk factors in youth, such as the Bogalusa and Muscatine studies, lack sufficient adult subjects experiencing hard outcomes, such as heart attack and stroke, to produce meaningful risk scores like those developed from Framingham data.
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Genovesi S, Pieruzzi F, Giussani M, Tono V, Stella A, Porta A, Pagani M, Lucini D. Analysis of Heart Period and Arterial Pressure Variability in Childhood Hypertension. Hypertension 2008; 51:1289-94. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Pieruzzi
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giussani
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tono
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stella
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Porta
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Pagani
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lucini
- From the Clinica Nefrologica, S. Gerardo Hospital (S.G., F.P., V.T., A.S.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione (S.G., F.P., A.S.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (M.G.), Milan, Italy; Department of Technologies for Health, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute (A.P.), and Department of Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” (M.P., D.L.), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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Schindler TH, Zhang XL, Vincenti G, Mhiri L, Lerch R, Schelbert HR. Role of PET in the evaluation and understanding of coronary physiology. J Nucl Cardiol 2007; 14:589-603. [PMID: 17679069 PMCID: PMC1995749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Schindler
- Nuclear Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Schindler TH, Cardenas J, Prior JO, Facta AD, Kreissl MC, Zhang XL, Sayre J, Dahlbom M, Licinio J, Schelbert HR. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1188-95. [PMID: 16545651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation on coronary circulatory function and its relationship to leptin plasma levels. BACKGROUND It is not known whether obesity, commonly paralleled by insulin resistance, inflammation, and leptin, is independently associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction. METHODS Myocardial blood flow (MBF) responses to cold pressor test (CPT) and pharmacologic vasodilation was measured with positron emission tomography and 13N-ammonia. Study participants were divided into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI, kg/m2): control, 20 < or = BMI <25 (n = 19); overweight, 25 < or = BMI <30 (n = 21); and obese, BMI >30 (n = 32). RESULTS Body mass index was significantly correlated to the Homeostasis Model Assessment Index of insulin resistance and C-reactive protein levels (r = 0.60 and r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). Compared with control subjects, endothelium-related change in MBF (DeltaMBF) to CPT progressively declined in overweight and obese groups (0.32 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.19 and 0.07 +/- 0.16 ml/g/min; p < 0.03 and p < 0.0001). The dipyridamole-induced total vasodilator capacity was significantly lower in obese than in control subjects (1.77 +/- 0.51 vs. 2.04 +/- 0.37 ml/g/min, p < 0.02). On multivariate analysis, BMI (p < 0.012) and age (p < 0.035) were significant independent predictors of DeltaMBF. Finally, only in the obese group leptin plasma levels significantly correlated with DeltaMBF (r = 0.37, p < 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Increased body weight is independently associated with abnormal coronary circulatory function that progresses from an impairment in endothelium-related coronary vasomotion in overweight individuals to an impairment of the total vasodilator capacity in obese individuals. The findings that elevated leptin plasma levels in patients that are obese might exert beneficial effects on the coronary endothelium to counterbalance the adverse effects of increases in body weight on coronary circulatory function should be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Schindler
- Department of Molecular, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, USA
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