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Vignoli A, Gori AM, Berteotti M, Cesari F, Giusti B, Bertelli A, Kura A, Sticchi E, Salvadori E, Barbato C, Formelli B, Pescini F, Marcucci R, Tenori L, Poggesi A. The serum metabolomic profiles of atrial fibrillation patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists. Life Sci 2024; 351:122796. [PMID: 38852797 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term oral anticoagulation is the primary therapy for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Different types of oral anticoagulant drugs can have specific effects on the metabolism of patients. Here we characterize, for the first time, the serum metabolomic and lipoproteomic profiles of AF patients treated with anticoagulants: vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples of 167 AF patients (median age 78 years, 62 % males, 70 % on DOACs treatment) were analyzed via high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data on 25 metabolites and 112 lipoprotein-related fractions were quantified and analyzed with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches. KEY FINDINGS Our data provide evidence that patients treated with VKAs and DOACs present significant differences in their profiles: lower levels of alanine and lactate (odds ratio: 1.72 and 1.84), free cholesterol VLDL-4 subfraction (OR: 1.75), triglycerides LDL-1 subfraction (OR: 1.80) and 4 IDL cholesterol fractions (ORs ∼ 1.80), as well as higher levels of HDL cholesterol (OR: 0.48), apolipoprotein A1 (OR: 0.42) and 7 HDL cholesterol fractions/subfractions (ORs: 0.40-0.51) are characteristic of serum profile of patients on DOACs' therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the usefulness of NMR-based metabolomics for the description of the effects of oral anticoagulants on AF patient circulating metabolites and lipoproteins. The higher serum levels of HDL cholesterol observed in patients on DOACs could contribute to explaining their reduced cardiovascular risk, suggesting the need of further studies in this direction to fully understand possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Berteotti
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cesari
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertelli
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Sticchi
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emilia Salvadori
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Barbato
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Rossella Marcucci
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna Poggesi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; Stroke Unit, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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ODA H, HAGA A, KOYAMA K, GOKITA K, AKIYAMA R, KOMIYA T, HASEGAWA S, SAKO T, MORI A. Treatment of Ezetimibe lowers total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic dogs with hyperadorenocorticism. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:363-367. [PMID: 38383002 PMCID: PMC11061567 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor that blocks the intestinal absorption of both biliary and dietary cholesterol, thereby lowering primarily low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-chol) in human studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ezetimibe on dyslipidemia control in nine dogs with hypercholesterolemia. Changes in total cholesterol (T-chol) and each lipoprotein fractions were evaluated at 0, 2, and 4 months following initiation of ezetimibe treatment. A significant decrease in T-chol was observed, and a mean T-chol concentration below 400 mg/dL was achieved at 2 and 4 months. Furthermore, a significant decrease in LDL-chol was observed (-53.3% and -64.3% at 2 and 4 months, respectively). Taken together, treatment of ezetimibe could lower LDL-chol levels in dogs with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi ODA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko HAGA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru KOYAMA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kureha GOKITA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ran AKIYAMA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi KOMIYA
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori SAKO
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro MORI
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ito R, Manita D, Yanai H, Hirowatari Y. Measurement of cholesterol levels of lipoprotein subclasses in human serum using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate. Ann Clin Biochem 2023; 60:374-385. [PMID: 37194115 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231179082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between the subclasses of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have been studied, and using various methods, such as ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and nuclear magnetic resonance, for analysing lipoprotein subclasses. We established a method for HDL and LDL subclasses using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). METHOD In the AEX-HPLC, the subclasses of HDL and LDL were separated, and detected using a post-column reactor with an enzymatic cholesterol reagent, that contained cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase as major ingredients. LDL subclasses were divided based on the absolute value of first-derivative chromatogram. RESULT Three HDL subclasses, HDL-P1, HDL-P2, and HDL-P3, and three LDL subclasses, LDL-P1, LDL-P2, and LDL-P3, were separated by AEX-HPLC, and detected in order. The major components of HDL-P2 and HDL-P3 were HDL3 and HDL2, respectively. The linearity was determined for each lipoprotein subclass. The coefficients of variation of cholesterol concentration of the subclasses for within-day assay (n = 10) and between-day assay (n = 10) ranged between 3.08-8.94% and 4.52-9.97%, respectively. Cholesterol levels in HDL-P1 of diabetic patients were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.409, p = 0.002). Moreover, cholesterol levels in LDL-P2 and LDL-P3 were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.393, p = 0.004 and r = 0.561, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION AEX-HPLC may be highly suitable as an assay to clinically assess lipoprotein subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Ito
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Manita
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirowatari
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
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Das P, Ingole N. Lipoproteins and Their Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Cureus 2023; 15:e48865. [PMID: 38106760 PMCID: PMC10724412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the foremost leading cause of death across the world. It mainly involves the blood vessels, which supply the heart. Plaque formation due to lipid deposition leads to the narrowing of the vessels, obstructing blood flow. Therefore, lipoproteins such as high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and chylomicrons play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Lipoproteins are carrier molecules made up of proteins and fats. They carry cholesterol through the bloodstream and transport it to the peripheral tissues or the liver. There are several classes of lipoproteins in the blood, namely HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons. Depending on the lipoproteins, an excess of them can either harm or benefit the body. Low-density lipoprotein, nicknamed 'the bad cholesterol,' transports fatty molecules from the liver and deposits them in peripheral tissues or central vessels. Thus, excess LDL can cause blockage of the arteries supplying major organs. High-density lipoprotein, nicknamed 'the good cholesterol,' transports the excess fatty molecules to the liver for their metabolism and removal from the body. Hence, high levels of HDL are an indication of a healthy body. Thus, lipoproteins are important molecules, and their proper regulation is essential to maintaining a healthy body. An effective way to maintain a balanced lipoprotein level is to have a properly balanced diet with high protein and low fat. Regular exercise, both indoors and outdoors, is recommended. If cholesterol levels are not maintained by diet and exercise, medication is advised after consulting medical experts. This review aims to inform people about lipoproteins, their importance, and maintaining a healthy lipoprotein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Das
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nishikant Ingole
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Tanveer Y, Saif U, Lim Y. Serum Irisin Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Confirmed by Coronary Angiography: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41475. [PMID: 37546057 PMCID: PMC10404147 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, has been reported for its role in coronary artery disease (CAD), which is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of CAD. Irisin has been reported to reduce atherosclerosis by improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammation via iNOS/NF-κB pathways. We sought to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and the severity of CAD that is confirmed with coronary angiography. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was designed between the Chemical Pathology and Cardiology departments at KEMU/Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were divided into group A with mild CAD (<50% stenosis) and group B with moderate-severe CAD (>50% stenosis). Serum was collected from venous blood, and irisin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Inclusion criteria: patients with stable CAD. Exclusion criteria: History of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), active or chronic infection, hepatic or renal dysfunction. Results The mean + SD age (years) of patients in group B (57.0±9.5) was significantly higher than group A (50.0±13.7). Irisin levels (μg/ml) were significantly higher in group A (15.3±4.6) than in group B (9.3±2.4). Irisin levels were significantly negatively correlated with the severity of CAD (% stenosis). Conclusion Serum irisin levels are low in patients with moderate to severe CAD, and they are negatively correlated with the severity of CAD (% stenosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Tanveer
- Internal Medicine, Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, GBR
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Memorial University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Unaizah Saif
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Memorial University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Yizhe Lim
- Internal Medicine, Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, GBR
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Is Liver Transplant Curative in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia? A Review of Nine Global Cases. Adv Ther 2022; 39:3042-3057. [PMID: 35471728 PMCID: PMC9122866 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, life-threatening, inherited condition characterized by extremely elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Patients are at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, adverse cardiovascular events, and associated early mortality. Liver transplant is sometimes used with curative intent. The objective of the current case series was to evaluate the follow-up of a range of patients who have undergone liver transplant for the treatment of HoFH. METHODS Patients with clinical and/or genetic diagnoses of HoFH were treated according to local practices in four units in Europe and the Middle East. All patients underwent liver transplantation. Baseline and long-term follow-up data were collected, including LDL-C levels, DNA mutations, lipid-lowering medications, and complications due to surgery and immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS Nine patients were included with up to 22 years' follow-up (mean ± SD 11.7 ± 11.7 years; range 0.5-28 years). Three of the patients died as a result of complications of transplant surgery (mortality rate 33%). Among the surviving six patients, four required continued lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) to maintain LDL-C levels and two patients show signs of increasing LDL-C levels that require management. One case (11%) required two consecutive transplants to achieve a viable graft and is awaiting a third transplant because of graft failure. CONCLUSIONS Liver transplant did not enable attainment of recommended LDL-C targets in most patients with HoFH, and the majority of patients still required post-transplant LLT. Liver transplant was not curative in most of the patients with HoFH followed. Guidelines suggest that transplant is a treatment of last resort if contemporary treatments are not available or possible.
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Yoshida H, Ito K, Manita D, Sato R, Hiraishi C, Matsui S, Hirowatari Y. Clinical Significance of Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Determination as a Predictor for Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged Men. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:756057. [PMID: 34881308 PMCID: PMC8645599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.756057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Not only low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol but also non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (VLDL-C), and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol (IDL-C) are reported to be significant risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD). We reported the relevance of IDL-C to Framingham risk score (F-score), but the present study addressed the relevance of IDL-C to Suita score (S-score), a risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD) developed for the Japanese individuals in addition to F-score. Methods: The cholesterol levels of lipoproteins, including triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (IDL and VLDL), were measured by an anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC). This study enrolled 476 men, aged mean 51 years and free of CHD and stroke. Results: Non-HDL-C, IDL-C, and VLDL-C significantly correlated with F-score and S-score. In the multiple stepwise regression analysis, IDL-C as well as body mass index (BMI) significantly correlated with both F-score and S-score in both the total subjects and the subjects without drug therapy. The multivariate logistic analysis with the model composed of BMI and IDL-C as the predictor variables demonstrated that 1 SD increase in IDL-C was an independent predictor for 10-year CHD risk >10% of F-score (OR 1.534, 95% CI 1.266–1.859, p < 0001) and that of S-score (OR 1.372, 95% CI 1.130–1.667, p = 0.0014) in the total subjects. Even in the subjects without the drug therapy, the increased IDL-C, as well as BMI, were significant predictors for 10-year CHD risk >10% of S-score as well as F-score. Conclusion: These results suggest the significant relevance of the increased IDL-C for CHD risk scores in middle-aged men free of CHD and stroke. Further investigations are needed in women and elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan.,Internal Medicine of Metabolism and Nutrition, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumie Ito
- Nihonbashi Sakura Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chika Hiraishi
- Internal Medicine of Metabolism and Nutrition, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadako Matsui
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirowatari
- Department of Health Science, Laboratory Science, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
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Taba N, Valge HK, Metspalu A, Esko T, Wilson JF, Fischer K, Pirastu N. Mendelian Randomization Identifies the Potential Causal Impact of Dietary Patterns on Circulating Blood Metabolites. Front Genet 2021; 12:738265. [PMID: 34790224 PMCID: PMC8592281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.738265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in the development and progress of several health conditions, but the exact mechanism is often still unclear. Blood metabolites are likely candidates to be mediating these relationships, as their levels are strongly dependent on the frequency of consumption of several foods/drinks. Understanding the causal effect of food on metabolites is thus of extreme importance. To establish these effects, we utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization using the genetic variants associated with dietary traits as instrumental variables. The estimates of single-nucleotide polymorphisms' effects on exposures were obtained from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 25 individual and 15 principal-component dietary traits, whereas the ones for outcomes were obtained from a GWAS of 123 blood metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We identified 413 potentially causal links between food and metabolites, replicating previous findings, such as the association between increased oily fish consumption and higher DHA, and highlighting several novel associations. Most of the associations were related to very-low-density, intermediate-density (IDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). For example, we found that constituents of IDL particles and large LDL particles were raised by coffee and alcohol while lowered by an overall healthier diet and fruit consumption. Our findings provide a strong base of evidence for planning future RCTs aimed at understanding the role of diet in determining blood metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Taba
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Shemiakova T, Ivanova E, Grechko AV, Gerasimova EV, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Damage in the Context of Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E166. [PMID: 32570831 PMCID: PMC7344998 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease of the cardiovascular system associated with aging, inflammation, and oxidative stress. An important role in the development of atherosclerosis play elevated plasma lipoproteins. A number of external factors (smoking, diabetes, infections) can also contribute to the development of the disease. For a long time, atherosclerosis remains asymptomatic, therefore, the search for early markers of the disease is critical for the timely management and better outcomes for patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage appear to connect different aspects of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. To date, multiple lines of research have demonstrated the strong association of mitochondrial dysfunction with the development of various human diseases. Therapies aimed at restoring the mitochondrial function are being actively developed, and are expected to broaden the therapeutic possibilities for several chronic human diseases. The development of such therapies depends on our understanding of the functional roles of different mtDNA variants associated with one or another disorder, and the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction with a given pathological feature. These questions are, however, challenging and require future intensive research. This review summarizes the recent studies and describes the central processes of the development of atherosclerosis, and shows their relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction. One of the promising therapeutic approaches for future atherosclerosis treatments is the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Future studies should focus on characterizing the mechanisms of mitochondrial involvement in cardiovascular pathologies to better direct the search for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiia Shemiakova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Laboratory of Systemic Rheumatic Disorders, V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Hirowatari Y, Yoshida H. Innovatively Established Analysis Method for Lipoprotein Profiles Based on High-Performance Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:1027-1040. [PMID: 31548491 PMCID: PMC6927812 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation analysis of lipoprotein classes have various methods, including ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). All major lipoprotein classes can be separated via ultracentrifugation, but performing the analysis takes a long time. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in patient samples cannot be sufficiently separated via electrophoresis or GPC. Thus, we established a new method [anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC)] by using HPLC with an AEX column containing nonporous gel and an eluent containing chaotropic ions. AEX-HPLC can separate five lipoprotein fractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, IDL, VLDL, and others in human serum, which can be used in substitution for ultracentrifugation method. The method was also approved for clinical use in the public health-care insurance in Japan in 2014. Furthermore, we developed an additional method to measure cholesterol levels of the four leading lipoprotein fractions and two subsequent fractions (i.e., chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)). We evaluated the clinical usefulness of AEX-HPLC in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, and kidney disease and in healthy volunteers. Results indicate that the cholesterol levels in IDL and VLDL measured by AEX-HPLC may be useful risk markers of CHD or diabetes. Furthermore, we developed another new method for the determination of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in lipoprotein classes, and this method is composed of AEX-HPLC for the separation of lipoprotein classes and reverse-phase chromatography to separate AT in each lipoprotein class. The AT levels in LDL were significantly correlated with the lag time to copper ion-induced LDL oxidation, which is an index of oxidation resistance. The application of AEX-HPLC to measure various substances in lipoproteins will be clinically expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- Laboratory Science, Department of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Ramirez G, Butcher D, Morrison A. Glucose Concentration in the Dialysate and Lipid Abnormalities in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139888701000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the effect of varying glucose concentrations on plasma lipids, we first compared the hormonal response of nine non-diabetic patients during dialysis with a high (200 mg/dl) and a low (100 mg/dl) glucose bath. Insulin and growth hormone production increased (p < 0.05) only with the high glucose bath, and no hemodynamic differences were noted during either dialyses. We then compared lipid profiles of 18 patients for 6 months, changing the glucose dialysate concentrations in each patient after three months. We found that all patients had hypertriglyceridemia, mild hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, normal LDL, and high VLDL cholesterol. We therefore conclude that episodic hyperinsulinemia and episodic excessive growth hormone secretion do not contribute significantly to the lipid abnormalities of the dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramirez
- Renal and Endocrinology Divisions Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa VA Medical Center and University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - D.E. Butcher
- Renal and Endocrinology Divisions Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa VA Medical Center and University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - A.D. Morrison
- Renal and Endocrinology Divisions Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa VA Medical Center and University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Abstract
Arteriosclerosis is a constant problem in long-term hemodialysis patients. Computer tomography of the abdominal aorta allows a well-defined and reproducible evaluation of aortosclerosis. In the cross-sectional study, aortosclerosis was significantly accelerated in 84 chronic hemodialysis patients and was comparable to the results found in 20-year older control patients without renal disease. The increase of aortosclerosis correlated significantly with age of the patient, smoking, and duration of dialysis therapy. Furthermore, increased VLDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol seem to enhance aortosclerosis in our dialysis patients. In the longitudinal study (two CT scans with a time interval of 87 ± 62.7 months) in 36 dialysis patients, progressed aortosclerosis correlated significantly with the long duration of hypertriglyceridemia, VLDL cholesterol, uric acid, and calcium phosphate products. Progression of aortosclerosis was reduced in parathyroidectomized patients. The study suggests that premature aortosclerosis is found in dialysis patients. In addition to the common risk factor of aortosclerosis, disturbed calcium phosphate and parathyroid hormone metabolism seem to enhance aortosclerosis in patients under maintenance hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bommer
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg - Germany
| | - E. Strohbeck
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg - Germany
| | - J. Goerich
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg - Germany
| | - M. Bahner
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg - Germany
| | - I. Zuna
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg - Germany
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13
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Lipid lowering agents of natural origin: An account of some promising chemotypes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:331-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Oda H, Mori A, Hirowatari Y, Takoura T, Manita D, Takahashi T, Shono S, Onozawa E, Mizutani H, Miki Y, Itabashi Y, Sako T. Cholesterol concentrations in lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange–high-performance liquid chromatography in healthy dogs and dogs with hypercholesterolemia. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:163-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Joshi PH, Miller PE, Martin SS, Jones SR, Massaro JM, D’Agostino RB, Kulkarni KR, Sponseller C, Toth PP. Greater remnant lipoprotein cholesterol reduction with pitavastatin compared with pravastatin in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2017; 31:965-971. [PMID: 28121706 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in those with HIV. An emerging CVD risk factor is triglyceride-rich remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C: the sum of intermediate-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The effects of statin therapy on lipoprotein subfractions, including RLP-C, in HIV dyslipidemia are unknown. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the randomized INTREPID trial (NCT 01301066) comparing pitavastatin 4 mg daily vs. pravastatin 40 mg daily in study participants with HIV. We measured apolipoproteins AI and B and lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation at baseline and 12 weeks. We compared changes in atherogenic subfractions over 12 weeks in INTREPID participants using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Lipoprotein subfraction data were available for 213 study participants (pitavastatin n = 104, pravastatin n = 109). Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Reductions in RLP-C were significantly greater in the pitavastatin group compared with pravastatin group (-11.6 mg/dl vs. -8.5 mg/dl; P = 0.01). Similarly, ratios of risk [apolipoproteins B/apolipoproteins AI, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] showed greater reductions with pitavastatin (P < 0.05). There were no differences in changes in HDL-C, HDL-C subfractions or lipoprotein(a) cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION In patients with HIV, pitavastatin 4 mg/dl lowered both RLP-C and established apolipoprotein and lipid risk ratios more so than pravastatin 40 mg/dl. The impact of RLP-C reduction on CVD in HIV dyslipidemic patients merits further study.
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16
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Manita D, Yoshida H, Hirowatari Y. Cholesterol Levels of Six Fractionated Serum Lipoproteins and its Relevance to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Scores. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:928-939. [PMID: 28025448 PMCID: PMC5587519 DOI: 10.5551/jat.34728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluation of serum lipoprotein profiles including triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein, that is, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicron (CM) remnant is important to manage coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate CHD or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores with cholesterol levels of six fractionated lipoprotein classes {high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], IDL, VLDL, CM including CM remnant, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)]} in Japanese healthy men. Methods: The present study enrolled 161 healthy men without any medications. Lipoprotein profiles (fractionated lipoprotein cholesterol levels) were measured by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) method and were compared with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and three risk scores, that is, NIPPON DATA, Hisayama risk predicting model, and Suita score. Results: Levels of LDL-cholesterol (C), VLDL-C, and CM-C significantly differed with age, while values of HDL-C, IDL-C, and Lp(a)-C were not different. The eGFR inversely correlated with LDL-C, IDL-C, VLDL-C, and CM-C. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, VLDL-C only correlated independently with eGFR. Three risk scores significantly correlated with CM-C. Conclusions: These results suggested that VLDL-C concentration contributes to an increased risk at early stages of renal dysfunction, and CM-C may serve as a marker for estimating CHD risk in Japanese healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yuji Hirowatari
- Laboratory Science, Department of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University
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17
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Deng W. Association of Serum Irisin Concentrations with Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4193-4197. [PMID: 27815563 PMCID: PMC5100837 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, is closely correlated with obesity and body mass index. Obesity is one risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if serum irisin concentrations are correlated with the presence and severity of CAD. Material/Methods Serum irisin concentrations were determined in 350 patients with CAD and in 214 healthy subjects. The severity of CAD was assessed by coronary atherosclerosis index (CAI). Results Serum irisin concentrations were significantly lower in CAD patients compared with healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum irisin concentrations were an independent determinant of the presence of CAD. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum irisin concentrations were negatively correlated with CAI in CAD patients. Conclusions Decreased serum irisin concentrations may be associated with the presence and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yantai Hill Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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18
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Bleda S, de Haro J, Varela C, Ferruelo A, Acin F. Elevated levels of triglycerides and vldl-cholesterol provoke activation of nlrp1 inflammasome in endothelial cells. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:52-5. [PMID: 27372042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble stimuli present in the plasma of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are capable of directly stimulating intracellular signalling in endothelium. Oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, it is not clear how lipid profile affect NLRP1 inflammasome gene expression in endothelial cells. In this study, the effect of cholesterol and TG of plasma of patients with PAD on NLRP1 inflammasome gene expression in human arterial endothelial cells (HAECS) was assessed. METHODS We included 113 patients with symptomatic PAD. HAECs were stimulated for 2h using the plasma samples of the study participants. The NLRP1 quantification of the transcription was carried out on the 7500 real-time PCR system using the Taqman® Universal PCR Master Mix and Assays on demand. Relative quantification of the NLRP1 expression was carried out using the ΔΔCt (threshold cycle) comparative method. RESULTS Plasma from patients with elevated VLDL-cholesterol levels (>33.6mg/dL, the median value of the sample) provoked a higher expression of NLRP1 inflammasome in HAECs (RQ=1.15±0.23 vs. 1.05±0.69; p=0.045), as well as plasma from patients with elevated TGs levels (>168mg/dL, the median value of the sample) (RQ=1.15±0.23 vs. 1.05±0.69; p=0.045). A positive correlation was found between NLRP1 inflammasome expression and VLDL-cholesterol plasma levels (r=0.4; p<0.001) as between NLRP1 inflammasome expression and TG levels (r=0.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma TG and VLDL cholesterol of patients with atherosclerosis, manifested as PAD, promote the in vitro NLRP1 inflammasome expression in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bleda
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquin de Haro
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Varela
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferruelo
- Research Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Acin
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Hirowatari Y, Manita D, Kamachi K, Tanaka A. Effect of dietary modification by calorie restriction on cholesterol levels in lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:567-576. [PMID: 27638928 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216672247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary habits are associated with obesity which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The objective is to estimate the change of lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes by calorie restriction with obesity index and Framingham risk score. Methods Sixty females (56 ± 9 years) were recruited. Their caloric intakes were reduced during the six-month period, and the calorie from fat was not more than 30%. Lipoprotein profiles were estimated at baseline and after the six-month period of calorie restriction. Cholesterol levels in six lipoprotein classes (HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)) were analysed by anion-exchange liquid chromatography. The other tests were analysed by general methods. Additionally, Framingham risk score for predicting 10-year coronary heart disease risk was calculated. Results Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin resistance, Framingham risk score, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by the calorie restriction, and the protein and cholesterol levels of lipoprotein(a) were significantly increased. The change of body mass index was significantly correlated with those of TC, VLDL-cholesterol and chylomicron-cholesterol, and that of waist circumference was significantly correlated with that of chylomicron-cholesterol. The change of Framingham risk score was significantly correlated with the change of IDL-C. Conclusion Obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were reduced by the dietary modification. Lipoprotein profile was improved with the reduction of obesity indexes, but lipoprotein(a) was increased. The changes of obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were related with those of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, e.g. IDL, VLDL and CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- 1 Laboratory Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Service, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Manita
- 2 Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Kamachi
- 3 Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- 3 Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Kimura T, Kuwata H, Miyauchi K, Katayama Y, Kayahara N, Sugiuchi H, Matsushima K, Kondo Y, Ishitsuka Y, Irikura M, Irie T. An enzyme combination assay for serum sphingomyelin: Improved specificity through avoiding the interference with lysophosphatidylcholine. Anal Biochem 2016; 498:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Serum salusin-β levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. J Investig Med 2016; 63:632-5. [PMID: 25730454 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to assess whether serum salusin-β levels are correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We measured serum salusin-β levels in 278 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) for the evaluation of CAD and in 126 healthy controls. Serum salusin-β levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of CAD was assessed by angiographic coronary atherosclerosis index score system. RESULTS Serum salusin-β levels were significantly higher in patients undergoing CAG (n = 278) than those in healthy controls (n = 126) (3.81 ± 0.99 vs 4.34 ± 1.40 nmol/L, P < 0.01). In patients undergoing CAG, patients with CAD (n = 160) had significantly higher serum salusin-β levels compared to patients without CAD (n = 118) (4.65 ± 1.44 vs 3.94 ± 1.23 nmol/L, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum salusin-β levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD (odds ratio, 1.439; 95% confidence interval, 1.176-1.760; P < 0.01). Serum salusin-β levels were positively correlated with the coronary atherosclerosis index score (r = 0.316, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum salusin-β levels were associated with the presence and severity of CAD. Salusin-β in serum might serve as a potential biomarker for reflecting the development and progression of CAD. Therapeutic treatment by inhibiting salusin-β interaction to prevent CAD warrants further investigation.
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22
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Wang XS, Yang W, Luo T, Wang JM, Jing YY. Serum Endocan Levels Are Correlated with the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Hypertension. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:124-7. [PMID: 25588082 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-sheng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jining, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao University Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jining, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-ming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jining, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-yan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao University Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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Ni J, Ma X, Zhou M, Pan X, Tang J, Hao Y, Lu Z, Gao M, Bao Y, Jia W. Serum lipocalin-2 levels positively correlate with coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:176. [PMID: 24359145 PMCID: PMC3878105 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lipocalin-2 (LCN2) cytokine, primarily known as a protein of the granules of human neutrophils, has been recently reported to be implicated in metabolic and inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between serum LCN2 levels and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Serum LCN2 levels of 261 in-patients who underwent coronary angiography were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Demographic (169 men and 92 postmenopausal women) and clinical (metabolic syndrome (MS), triglyceride (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels) characteristics were collected to assess independent factors of CAD (CAD: 188 and non-CAD: 73) and serum LCN2 levels by multiple logistic regression and multivariate stepwise regression analyses, respectively. Results Serum LCN2 levels were significantly higher in men (37.5 (27.4-55.4) vs. women: 28.2 (18.7-45.9) ng/mL, p < 0.01) and men with CAD (39.2 (29.3-56.5) vs. non-CAD men: 32.7 (20.5-49.7) ng/mL, p < 0.05), and showed significant positive correlation with CAD in men (odds ratio = 2.218, 95% confidence interval: 1.017-4.839). Similarly, serum LCN2 levels were significantly higher in men with MS (40.2 (31.9-59.4) vs. non-MS: 32.0 (21.7-47.6) ng/mL, p < 0.01) and showed a significant positive correlation with the number of MS components (p for trend < 0.05). No significant differences or correlations were seen in women. TG and neutrophils (standard β = 0.238 and 0.173) were independent factors of serum LCN2 levels in men, and only neutrophils (standard β = 0.286) affected levels in women (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Increased serum LCN2 levels are positively correlated with the presence of CAD and MS in a Chinese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Cassagnol M, Ezzo D, Patel PN. New therapeutic alternatives for the management of dyslipidemia. J Pharm Pract 2013; 26:528-40. [PMID: 24142496 DOI: 10.1177/0897190013507582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia affects over 34 million adults in the United States and is a major cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). Conventional therapies, such as statins, have demonstrated their ability to improve clinical end points and decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with CHD. Lomitapide (Juxtapid(®)), mipomersen (Kynamro(®)), and icosapent (Vascepa(®)) are 3 novel agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past 2 years, which offer new lipid-lowering treatment options with unique pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchkathe Cassagnol
- St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Queens, New York, USA and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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25
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Zhao ZW, Lin CG, Wu LZ, Luo YK, Fan L, Dong XF, Zheng H. Serum fetuin-A levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biomarkers 2013; 18:160-4. [PMID: 23410047 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.762806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the correlation between serum fetuin-A levels and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS A total of 241 consecutive patients with T2DM and 69 controls were recruited. Serum fetuin-A levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence and severity of CAD were evaluated by coronary angiography (CAG). RESULTS Serum fetuin-A levels are independently correlated with the presence and severity of CAD in T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS Fetuin-A might serve as a potential biomarker for reflecting the development and progression of CAD in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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26
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Kallio KAE, Hyvärinen K, Kovanen PT, Jauhiainen M, Pussinen PJ. Very low density lipoproteins derived from periodontitis patients facilitate macrophage activation via lipopolysaccharide function. Metabolism 2013; 62:661-8. [PMID: 23218923 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis, a chronic oral infection caused mainly by gram-negative bacteria, induces endotoxemia and associates with the risk for atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of periodontal treatment on proatherogenic properties of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). METHODS VLDL were isolated from 30 systemically healthy periodontitis patients before (pre-treatment) and 3 months after treatment (post-treatment). The mass compositions were analyzed, and VLDL-induced changes in cellular cholesterol content and expression of selected genes of human THP-1 macrophages were measured. RESULTS Periodontal treatment decreased the local inflammation in the periodontium, but did not have a significant effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, VLDL composition, or VLDL potential to induce cholesterol uptake or gene expression by the macrophages. Incubation of macrophages in the presence of VLDL resulted in more than twofold increase in their cellular cholesterol content. Uptake of VLDL with ensuing macrophage cholesterol accumulation correlated positively with VLDL-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity (r=0.436, P=.016) and apolipoprotein E content (r=0.374, P=.046). Pre-treatment VLDL derived from the patients with high CRP levels displayed higher LPS activity than that of VLDL derived from patients with low CRP (above vs. below median, P=.007). In addition, pre-treatment VLDL isolated from patients with high systemic inflammation induced higher relative mRNA expression of CD14, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 in the macrophages. CONCLUSION Inflammation and endotoxemia induced by severe periodontitis may increase VLDL-dependent macrophage activation and cellular cholesterol accumulation, and thereby atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Elisa Kallio
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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27
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Du SL, Wang WJ, Wan J, Wang YG, Wang ZK, Zhang Z. Serum salusin-α levels are inversely correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:339-43. [PMID: 23611255 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.783227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to measure serum salusin-α levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to assess their correlation with the severity of the disease. We enrolled 172 patients with CAD and 91 controls. We assessed the angiographic severity of CAD by coronary atherosclerosis index (CAI) and detected serum salusin-α levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that CAD patients had significantly lower serum salusin-α levels compared to controls. Moreover, serum salusin-α levels were independently and negatively correlated with the presence and severity of CAD. These findings indicated that salusin-α might serve as a potential biomarker for predicting the development and progression of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Du
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Jun Wang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Gang Wang
- b Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Kang Wang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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A simple and sensitive method for lipoprotein and lipids profiles analysis of individual micro-liter scale serum samples. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Shang FJ, Wang JP, Liu XT, Zheng QS, Xue YS, Wang B, Zhao LY. Serum omentin-1 levels are inversely associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers 2011; 16:657-62. [PMID: 21988056 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.622789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Omentin-1, an adipokine secreted from visceral adipose tissue, has been reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationship between serum omentin-1 levels and the presence and severity of CAD in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS We measured serum omentin-1 levels in 175 consecutive patients with MetS and in 46 controls. RESULTS Serum omentin-1 levels are inversely associated with the presence and angiographic severity of CAD in MetS patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum omentin-1 might be a potential biomarker to predict the development and progression of CAD in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, P. R. China
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30
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Bao Y, Zhou M, Lu Z, Li H, Wang Y, Sun L, Gao M, Wei M, Jia W. Serum levels of osteocalcin are inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and the severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:196-201. [PMID: 21521333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin is a bone-derived protein and has been shown to play an important role in regulating glucose and fat metabolism. We therefore investigated the association of serum levels of osteocalcin with the metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary atherosclerosis in Chinese men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum osteocalcin levels were measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in 181 men who underwent coronary angiography, and their association with the MS and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. RESULTS Osteocalcin levels in patients with the MS were significantly lower compared with those in non-MS subjects (P < 0·001) and decreased correspondingly with the increasing number of components of the MS (P < 0·001). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that osteocalcin was independently associated with the MS (OR = 0·060, 95%CI: 0·005-0·651). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, waist circumference (P = 0·001) and fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·002) were independently associated with serum osteocalcin. Subgroup analysis in 60 subjects with normal glucose tolerance showed that serum osteocalcin decreased significantly in patients with CAD compared with those without CAD (P = 0·029) and decreased significantly as the number of stenotic vessels increased (P = 0·033). Furthermore, serum osteocalcin showed an independent correlation with coronary atherosclerosis index (standardized β = -0·497, P = 0·003). CONCLUSION Serum osteocalcin is inversely associated with the MS as well as the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in Chinese men, supporting the new concept that bone has the reciprocal regulation with energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Bao Y, Lu Z, Zhou M, Li H, Wang Y, Gao M, Wei M, Jia W. Serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein are associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese women. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19115. [PMID: 21552513 PMCID: PMC3084261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) has been described as a novel adipokine, playing an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of A-FABP and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese subjects. Methodology/Principal Findings Circulating A-FABP level was determined by ELISA in 341 Chinese subjects (221 men, 120 women) who underwent coronary angiography. A-FABP levels in patients with CAD were significantly higher compared with non-CAD subjects (P = 0.029 in men; P = 0.031 in women). Serum A-FABP increased significantly in multi-vessel diseased patients than in non-CAD subjects (P = 0.011 in men, P = 0.004 in women), and showed an independent correlation with coronary atherosclerosis index (standardized β = 0.173, P = 0.025). In multiple logistic regression analysis, serum A-FABP was an independent risk factor for CAD in women (OR = 5.637, 95%CI: 1.299-24.457, P = 0.021). In addition, amino terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was demonstrated to be positively and independently correlated with A-FABP (standardized β = 0.135, P = 0.027). Conclusions/Significance Serum A-FABP is closely associated with the presence and severity of CAD in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Meifang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (MW)
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (MW)
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Diets high in conjugated linoleic acid from pasture-fed cattle did not alter markers of health in young women. Nutr Res 2011; 31:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang L, Song J, Cavigiolio G, Ishida BY, Zhang S, Kane JP, Weisgraber KH, Oda MN, Rye KA, Pownall HJ, Ren G. Morphology and structure of lipoproteins revealed by an optimized negative-staining protocol of electron microscopy. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:175-84. [PMID: 20978167 PMCID: PMC2999936 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d010959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipoprotein levels are predictors of risk for coronary artery disease. Lipoprotein structure-function relationships provide important clues that help identify the role of lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease. The compositional and conformational heterogeneity of lipoproteins are major barriers to the identification of their structures, as discovered using traditional approaches. Although electron microscopy (EM) is an alternative approach, conventional negative staining (NS) produces rouleau artifacts. In a previous study of apolipoprotein (apo)E4-containing reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles, we optimized the NS method in a way that eliminated rouleaux. Here we report that phosphotungstic acid at high buffer salt concentrations plays a key role in rouleau formation. We also validate our protocol for analyzing the major plasma lipoprotein classes HDL, LDL, IDL, and VLDL, as well as homogeneously prepared apoA-I-containing rHDL. High-contrast EM images revealed morphology and detailed structures of lipoproteins, especially apoA-I-containing rHDL, that are amenable to three-dimensional reconstruction by single-particle analysis and electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Analyzing of high-density lipoprotein subfractions and low-density lipoprotein subfractions in human serum with anion-exchange chromatography. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204:e52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hamsten A. Apolipoproteins, dyslipoproteinaemia and premature coronary heart disease. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 223:389-403. [PMID: 3287836 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb15890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hamsten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhou J, Austin RC. Contributions of hyperhomocysteinemia to atherosclerosis: Causal relationship and potential mechanisms. Biofactors 2009; 35:120-9. [PMID: 19449439 DOI: 10.1002/biof.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Mutations in the enzymes and/or nutritional deficiencies in B vitamins required for homocysteine metabolism can induce HHcy. Studies using genetic- or diet-induced animal models of HHcy have demonstrated a causal relationship between HHcy and accelerated atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress and activation of proinflammatory factors have been proposed to explain the atherogenic effects of HHcy. Recently, HHcy-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been found to play a role in HHcy-induced atherogenesis. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of HHcy in atherosclerosis from both in vivo and in vitro studies. The contributions of ER stress and the UPR in atherogenesis will be emphasized. Results from recent clinical trials assessing the cardiovascular risk of lowering total plasma homocysteine levels and new findings examining the atherogenic role of HHcy in wild-type C57BL/6J mice will also be discussed. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Orakzai SH, Nasir K, Blaha M, Blumenthal RS, Raggi P. Non-HDL cholesterol is strongly associated with coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic individuals. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Farnier M, Perevozskaya I, Taggart WV, Kush D, Mitchel YB. VAP II analysis of lipoprotein subclasses in mixed hyperlipidemic patients on treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin and fenofibrate. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2641-7. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p800034-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hirowatari Y, Yoshida H, Fueki Y, Ito M, Ogura Y, Sakurai N, Miida T. Measurement of cholesterol concentrations of major serum lipoprotein classes in haemodialysis patients by anion-exchange chromatography. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45:571-4. [PMID: 18782818 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2008.008018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and decreased HDL that are implicated in the progression of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, are present in serum samples of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) therapy. Therefore, it is important to measure serum TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations to prevent the diseases. METHODS The cholesterol concentrations of lipoprotein classes in serum samples from the HD patients (n = 18) and healthy subjects (n = 18) were analysed by our recently developed method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in which the lipoprotein classes were separated using an anion-exchange column, and the cholesterol concentrations of each of those were measured enzymatically using a post-column reaction. The ability of fractionated lipoprotein cholesterol determination by this HPLC method is mostly equivalent to the determination ability of an ultracentrifugation (UC). RESULTS HDL, LDL, and TG-rich lipoproteins, i.e. IDL, VLDL and chylomicrons, were well separated in the chromatograms. HDL cholesterol concentrations in the HD patients were significantly lower than in the healthy subjects (P < 0.0001), and IDL cholesterol concentrations and VLDL cholesterol concentrations in the HD patients were significantly higher than in the healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Profiles of these measured lipoprotein values were consistent with the previously reported lipoprotein values, measured ultracentrifugally characteristic of HD patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the HPLC method may be sufficiently applied to the assessment of serum lipoprotein profile in HD patients in place of the other method including an UC.
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YORIOKA N, TANIGUCHI Y, ITO T, SHAO JC, MASAKI T, YAMASHITA K, YAMAMOTO M, YAMAKIDO M. Lipid risk factors for atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tribble DL, Farnier M, Macdonell G, Perevozskaya I, Davies MJ, Gumbiner B, Musliner TA. Effects of fenofibrate and ezetimibe, both as monotherapy and in coadministration, on cholesterol mass within lipoprotein subfractions and low-density lipoprotein peak particle size in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 2008; 57:796-801. [PMID: 18502262 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coadministration of fenofibrate and ezetimibe (FENO + EZE) produced complementary and favorable effects on the major lipids and lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels, and was well tolerated in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. The current analysis evaluates the effects of FENO and EZE, as monotherapies and in coadministration, on lipoprotein subfractions and LDL particle size distributions in these patients. In a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, patients with mixed hyperlipidemia were randomized in a 1:3:3:3 ratio to one of 4 treatment groups: placebo, FENO 160 mg/day, EZE 10 mg/day, or FENO 160 mg/day + EZE 10 mg/day. At baseline and study end point, the Vertical Auto Profile II method was used to measure the cholesterol associated with 2 very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfractions (VLDL-C1 + 2 and VLDL-C3), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL-C), and 4 LDL subfractions (LDL-C1 through LDL-C4, from most buoyant to most dense), lipoprotein (Lp) (a), and 2 HDL-C subfractions (HDL-C2 and HDL-C3). The LDL particle size was determined using segmented gradient gel electrophoresis. Fenofibrate reduced cholesterol mass within VLDL, IDL, and dense LDL (primarily LDL-C4) subfractions, and increased cholesterol mass within the more buoyant LDL-C2 subfraction, consistent with a shift to a more buoyant LDL peak particle size. Ezetimibe reduced cholesterol mass within all of the apolipoprotein B-containing particles (eg, VLDL-C, IDL-C, and LDL-C) but did not lead to a shift in the LDL particle size distribution profile. Coadministration of FENO and EZE promoted more pronounced reductions in VLDL-C, IDL-C, and LDL-C, and a preferential decrease in dense LDL subfractions. Fenofibrate and FENO + EZE promoted similar increases in HDL-C2 and HDL-C3. Coadministration of FENO + EZE produced complementary and favorable changes in lipoprotein fractions and subfractions, as assessed by the Vertical Auto Profile II method, in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. These changes reflected the combined effects of FENO in reducing triglycerides-rich lipoproteins and promoting a shift in the LDL particle distribution profile toward larger, more buoyant particles and of EZE in promoting reductions in cholesterol mass across the apolipoprotein B particle spectrum.
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Yoshida H, Kurosawa H, Hirowatari Y, Ogura Y, Ikewaki K, Abe I, Saikawa S, Domitsu K, Ito K, Yanai H, Tada N. Characteristic comparison of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoprotein measurement between a new homogenous assay (RemL-C) and a conventional immunoseparation method (RLP-C). Lipids Health Dis 2008; 7:18. [PMID: 18485227 PMCID: PMC2396627 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum remnant lipoproteins are supposed to predict cardiovascular disease in addition to increased LDL. A new homogenous assay for remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RemL-C) has been developed as an alternative to remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C), an immunoseparation assay, widely used for the measurement of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol. METHODS We evaluated the correlations and data validation between the 2 assays in 83 subjects (49 men and 34 women) without diabetes, hypertension and medications for hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, and investigated the characteristics of remnant lipoproteins obtained by the two methods (RLP-C and RemL-C) and their relationships with IDL-cholesterol determined by our developed HPLC method. RESULTS A positive correlation was significantly found between the two methods (r = 0.853, 95%CI 0.781-0.903, p < 0.0001). Bland & Altman analysis revealed that RemL-C values were likely to be significantly higher than RLP-C values, particularly in samples with high levels of remnant lipoproteins. Several data dissociations between the RemL-C and RLP-C were also observed. The HPLC chromatograms show high concentrations of chylomicron cholesterol in serum samples with RemL-C level < RLP-C level, but high concentrations of IDL-cholesterol in samples with RemL-C level > RLP-C level. RemL-C (r = 0.339, 95%CI 0.152-0.903; p = 0.0005) significantly correlated with IDL-cholesterol, but not RLP-C (r = 0.17, 95%CI -0.047-0.372; p = 0.1237) in all the samples (n = 83). CONCLUSION These results suggest that there is generally a significant correlation between RemL-C and RLP-C. However, RemL-C assay is likely to reflect IDL more closely than RLP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Japan.
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Zhou J, Werstuck GH, Lhoták S, Shi YY, Tedesco V, Trigatti B, Dickhout J, Majors AK, DiBello PM, Jacobsen DW, Austin RC. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine supplementation does not independently cause atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice. FASEB J 2008; 22:2569-78. [PMID: 18364397 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A causal relationship between diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and accelerated atherosclerosis has been established in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. However, it is not known whether the proatherogenic effect of HHcy in apoE(-/-) mice is independent of hyperlipidemia and/or deficiency of apoE. In this study, a comprehensive dietary approach using C57BL/6J mice was used to investigate whether HHcy is an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis or dependent on additional dietary factors that increase plasma lipids and/or inflammation. C57BL/6J mice at 4 wk of age were divided into 6 dietary groups: chow diet (C), chow diet + methionine (C+M), western-type diet (W), western-type diet + methionine (W+M), atherogenic diet (A), or atherogenic diet + methionine (A+M). After 2, 10, 20, or 40 wk on the diets, mice were sacrificed, and the levels of total plasma homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione, as well as total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were analyzed. Aortic root sections were examined for atherosclerotic lesions. HHcy was induced in all groups supplemented with methionine, compared to diet-matched control groups. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly increased in mice fed the W or A diet. However, the W diet increased LDL/IDL and HDL levels, while the A diet significantly elevated plasma VLDL and LDL/IDL levels without increasing HDL. No differences in plasma total cholesterol levels or lipid profiles were observed between methionine-supplemented groups and the diet-matched control groups. Early atherosclerotic lesions containing macrophage foam cells were only observed in mice fed the A or A + M diet. Furthermore, lesion size was significantly larger in the A + M group compared to the A group at 10 and 20 wk; however, mature lesions were never observed even after 40 wk on these diets. The presence of lymphocytes, increased hyaluronan staining, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were also increased in atherosclerotic lesions from the A + M group. Taken together, these results suggest that HHcy does not independently cause atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice even in the presence of increased total plasma lipids induced by the W diet. However, HHcy can accelerate atherosclerotic lesion development under dietary conditions that increase plasma VLDL levels and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Koba S, Yokota Y, Hirano T, Ito Y, Ban Y, Tsunoda F, Sato T, Shoji M, Suzuki H, Geshi E, Kobayashi Y, Katagiri T. Small LDL-Cholesterol is Superior to LDL-Cholesterol for Determining Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2008; 15:250-60. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.e572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Miyauchi K, Kayahara N, Ishigami M, Kuwata H, Mori H, Sugiuchi H, Irie T, Tanaka A, Yamashita S, Yamamura T. Development of a Homogeneous Assay to Measure Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Clin Chem 2007; 53:2128-35. [PMID: 17901111 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Quantification of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants is useful for risk assessment of coronary artery disease and the diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Although an immunoseparation procedure for remnant-like particle cholesterol has been evaluated extensively in recent years, available methods for measuring TRL remnants have not achieved wide use in routine laboratory practice, suggesting a need for a homogeneous assay that can measure TRL remnant cholesterol in serum or plasma without pretreatment.Methods: We screened for suitable surfactants that exhibited favorable selectivity toward the VLDL remnant (VLDLR) fraction, including intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs). We investigated the principal characteristics of this assay by gel filtration of lipoproteins and their particle size distribution. We developed a simple assay and evaluated its performance with the Hitachi-7170 analyzer.Results: Polyoxyethylene-polyoxybutylene block copolymer (POE-POB) exhibited favorable selectivity toward VLDLR and IDL fractions. POE-POB removed apolipoprotein (apo) E and apo C-III from IDL particles in the presence of cholesterol esterase (CHER), and the particle size distribution of IDLs became smaller after the reaction. These results revealed that IDL particles are specifically modified in the presence of CHER and POE-POB, making their component cholesterol available for enzymatic assay. Addition of phospholipase D improved the reactivity toward chylomicron remnants (CMRs). We found a high correlation [y = 1.018x− 0.01 mmol/L, r = 0.962 (n = 160)] between the proposed assay and the immunoseparation assay in serum from healthy individuals.Conclusion: The homogeneous assay described in this report can measure TRL remnant cholesterol, including CMRs, VLDLRs, and IDLs, with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Miyauchi
- Scientific and Technical Affairs Department, Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Nozue T, Kawashiri MA, Higashikata T, Nohara A, Inazu A, Kobayashi J, Koizumi J, Yamagishi M, Mabuchi H. Cholesterol-years score is associated with development of senile degenerative aortic stenosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007; 13:323-8. [PMID: 17192697 DOI: 10.5551/jat.13.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and identified the factors associated with the development of aortic stenosis (AS) in 96 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The frequency of AS was 31% (4/13) and that of critical stenosis was 15% (2/13) in older patients over the age of 70 years. All 4 patients with AS were female aged more than 70 years who were diagnosed with FH when aged more than 60 years. There were no significant differences in conventional coronary risk factors; however, the age at cardiac catheterization, age at diagnosis of FH and the cholesterol-years score (CYS) with AS were significantly higher than those without AS (p=0.006, p=0.017, p=0.021, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, CYS was a significant independent predictor for the development of AS (p=0.037) in 13 older patients over the age of 70 years. These results suggest that physicians should be aware that AS needs attention in older patients with heterozygous FH, especially women who have been diagnosed late in life and those who have been inadequately treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nozue
- Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disorders, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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Kwan BCH, Kronenberg F, Beddhu S, Cheung AK. Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1246-61. [PMID: 17360943 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C H Kwan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Vertical auto profile (VAP) method is a direct single test for measuring comprehensive lipoprotein cholesterol profile. It is based on a well-established method of ultracentrifugation that uses vertical rotor and single density gradient spin. VAP provides cholesterol concentrations of total lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), HDL subclasses (HDL2 and HDL3), LDL subclasses (LDL1, LDL2, LDL3, and LDL4), VLDL subclasses (VLDL1, VLDL2, and VLDL3), and LDL maximum time, which is directly proportional to LDL size. Because VAP measures additional lipoprotein classes, such as Lp(a), IDL, and subclasses of HDL, LDL, and VLDL, it can identify patients at high risk for coronary heart disease who cannot be identified using the standard lipid panel. In addition, the VAP method is compliant with the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
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Lyons TJ, Jenkins AJ, Zheng D, Klein RL, Otvos JD, Yu Y, Lackland DT, McGee D, McHenry MB, Lopes-Virella M, Garvey WT. Nuclear magnetic resonance-determined lipoprotein subclass profile in the DCCT/EDIC cohort: associations with carotid intima-media thickness. Diabet Med 2006; 23:955-66. [PMID: 16922701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To relate nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein subclass profiles (NMR-LSP) and other lipoprotein-related factors with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Lipoprotein-related factors were determined in sera (obtained in 1997-1999) from 428 female [age 39 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD)] and 540 male (age 40 +/- 7 years) Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) participants. NMR quantifies chylomicrons, three very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subclasses, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), three low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses, two high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, mean VLDL, LDL and HDL size, and LDL particle concentration. Conventional lipids, ApoA1, ApoB and Lp(a) and in vitro LDL oxidizibility were also measured. IMT was determined (in 1994-1995) using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Relationships between IMT and lipoproteins were analysed by multiple linear regression, controlling for age, diabetes-related factors, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. RESULTS IMT associations with lipoproteins were stronger for the internal than the common carotid artery, predominantly involving LDL. Internal carotid IMT was positively (P < 0.05) associated with NMR-based LDL subclasses and particle concentration, and with conventional LDL-cholesterol and ApoB in both genders. Common carotid IMT was associated, in men only, with large VLDL, IDL, conventional LDL cholesterol and ApoB. CONCLUSIONS NMR-LSP reveals significant associations with carotid IMT in Type 1 diabetic patients, even 4 years after IMT measurement. NMR-LSP may aid early identification of high-risk diabetic patients and facilitate monitoring of interventions. Longer DCCT/EDIC cohort follow-up will yield CVD events and IMT progression, permitting more accurate assessment of pre-morbid lipoprotein profiles as determinants of cardiovascular risk in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Lyons
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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McNamara JR, Warnick GR, Cooper GR. A brief history of lipid and lipoprotein measurements and their contribution to clinical chemistry. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 369:158-67. [PMID: 16740255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study of modern lipid chemistry began in the 17th and 18th centuries with early observations by Robert Boyle, Poulletier de la Salle, Antoine François de Fourcroy and others. The 19th century chemist, Chevreul, identified several fatty acids, suggested the name 'cholesterine' for the fatty substance in gallstones, coined the word 'glycerine', and showed that fats were comprised of glycerol and fatty acids. The 20th century brought many advances in the understanding of lipoprotein structure and function, and explored relationships between lipoproteins and disease states. The development of the ultracentrifuge and other lipoprotein separation techniques, and reagents for accurate, standardized quantitative measurement have steadily increased our understanding of the important role of lipoprotein metabolism in both healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R McNamara
- Lipid Research Laboratory, New England Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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