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de Oliveira JRJM, Amorim MA, Oliveira VHDS, Cabrini DDA, Otuki MF, Galindo CM, da Luz BB, Werner MFDP, Calixto JB, André E. Repeated doses of captopril induce airway hyperresponsiveness by modulating the TRPV1 receptor in rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2024; 86:102302. [PMID: 38823475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2024.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Although TRPV1 receptors play an essential role in the adverse effects on the airways following captopril treatment, there is no available evidence of their involvement in treatment regimens involving repeated doses of captopril. Comparing the difference in these two treatment regimens is essential since captopril is a continuous-use medication. Thus, this study explored the role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the effects of captopril on rat airways using two treatment regimens. Airway resistance, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted in rats administered with single or repeated doses of captopril. This study showed that the hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin and capsaicin in captopril-treated rats was acute. Treatment with the selective B2 antagonist, HOE140 reduced bradykinin hyperresponsiveness and abolished capsaicin exacerbation in single-dose captopril-treated rats. Likewise, degeneration of TRPV1-positive neurones also reduced hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin. Single-dose captopril treatment increased leukocyte infiltration in the BAL when compared with the vehicle and this increase was reduced by TRPV1-positive neurone degeneration. However, when compared with the vehicle treatment, animals treated with repeated doses of captopril showed an increase in leukocyte influx as early as 1 h after the last captopril treatment, but this effect disappeared after 24 h. Additionally, an increase in TRPV1 expression occurred only in animals who received repeated captopril doses and the degeneration of TRPV1-positive neurones attenuated TRPV1 upregulation. In conclusion, these data strongly indicate that a treatment regimen involving multiple doses of captopril not only enhances sensitisation but also upregulates TRPV1 expression. Consequently, targeting TRPV1 could serve as a promising strategy to reduce the negative impact of captopril on the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eunice André
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.
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2
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Olarinoye ZY, Kim CW, Kim JY, Jang S, Kim I. Differential gene expression in the kidneys of SHR and WKY rats after intravenous administration of Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20056. [PMID: 39209875 PMCID: PMC11362604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Akkermansia muciniphila (Am) plays a beneficial role as a probiotic in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, the mechanisms remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that Am extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) protect against hypertension through modulation of gene expression in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Extracellular vesicles purified from anaerobically cultured Am (1.0 × 108 or 1.0 × 109 particles/kg) or vehicles were injected into the tail veins of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs weekly for 4 weeks. Renal cortical tissues isolated from both rat strains were analyzed by trichrome stain and RT-qPCR. AmEVs protect against the development of hypertension in SHRs without a serious adverse reaction. AmEVs increased the expression of vasocontracting Agt and At1ar as well as vasodilating At2r, Mas1 and Nos2 in the kidneys of both strains. These results indicate that AmEVs have a protective effect against hypertension without a serious adverse reaction. Therefore, it is foreseen that AmEVs may be utilized as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Yetunde Olarinoye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 GukchaeBosang Street, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 GukchaeBosang Street, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 GukchaeBosang Street, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 GukchaeBosang Street, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 GukchaeBosang Street, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong E, Yun D, Baek Y, Kim HJ, Lee HG. Antihypertensive effects of the combined extract of Sorghum bicolor, Vigna angularis, and Eleusine coracana in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:803. [PMID: 38191652 PMCID: PMC10774359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antihypertensive effects of the combined extract of sorghum, adzuki bean, and finger millet (SAFE) on spontaneously hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): WKY, SHR, SAFE (500 mg/kg SAFE), and CAP (50 mg/kg captopril). SAFE significantly decreased the lean-to-fat mass ratio with no notable changes in body weight, food intake, or food efficiency ratio, and it effectively lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, comparable to CAP. Moreover, it significantly reduced the cardiac mass index and alleviated cardiac fibrosis. SAFE did not induce hepatotoxicity, as indicated by the maintenance of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the normal range, confirming its safety. Taken together, these findings suggested that SAFE can be used as a dietary supplement for blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunwoo Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Damin Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Youjin Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju-Gun, 55365, Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Mohammed SAD, Liu H, Baldi S, Wang Y, Chen P, Lu F, Liu S. Antihypertensive, antioxidant, and renal protective impact of integrated GJD with captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10944. [PMID: 37414816 PMCID: PMC10326066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease World-wide, and the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few patients accomplish the objective of decreasing blood pressure and avoiding hypertensive target organ damage after treatments with antihypertensive agents which opens the door for other treatments, such as herbal-and antihypertensive combination therapy. Captopril (CAP), as a-pril which inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme has long been used in the management of hypertension and CVD. Gedan Jiangya Decoction (GJD) is known for antihypertensive effects in prior studies. The research is aimed to determine whether GJD in combination with captopril has antihypertensive, kidney protective, antioxidant, and vasoactive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Regular measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and body weight were monitored weekly. H&E staining was utilized to examine histopathology. The combined effects were studied using ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR. Significant reductions in SBP, DBP, aortic wall thickness, and improvement in renal tissue were observed following GJD + CAP treatment, with increased serum levels of NO, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and decreases in Ang II, ET-1, and MDA. Similarly, GJD + CAP treatment of SHR's significantly decreased ET-1 and AGTR1 mRNA and protein expression while increasing eNOS mRNA and protein expression in thoracic aorta and kidney tissue. In conclusion, the present investigation found that GJD + CAP treatment decreases SHR blood pressure, improves aorta remodeling and renal protection, and that this effect could be attributable, in part, due to antioxidant and vascular tone improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A D Mohammed
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, 18644, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Hanxing Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Salem Baldi
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li D, Cao F, Han J, Wang M, Lai C, Zhang J, Xu T, Bouakaz A, Wan M, Ren P, Zhang S. The sustainable antihypertensive and target organ damage protective effect of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2023; 41:852-866. [PMID: 36883470 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the sustainable antihypertensive effects and protection against target organ damage caused by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation and the underlying mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) model. METHODS AND RESULTS SHRs were treated with ultrasound stimulation of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VlPAG) for 20 min every day for 2 months. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was compared among normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, SHR control group, SHR Sham group, and SHR LIFU stimulation group. Cardiac ultrasound imaging and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining of the heart and kidney were performed to assess target organ damage. The c-fos immunofluorescence analysis and plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, hydrocortisone, and endothelin-1 were measured to investigate the neurohumoral and organ systems involved. We found that SBP was reduced from 172 ± 4.2 mmHg to 141 ± 2.1 mmHg after 1 month of LIFU stimulation, P < 0.01. The next month of treatment can maintain the rat's blood pressure at 146 ± 4.2 mmHg at the end of the experiment. LIFU stimulation reverses left ventricular hypertrophy and improves heart and kidney function. Furthermore, LIFU stimulation enhanced the neural activity from the VLPAG to the caudal ventrolateral medulla and reduced the plasma levels of ANGII and Aldo. CONCLUSION We concluded that LIFU stimulation has a sustainable antihypertensive effect and protects against target organ damage by activating antihypertensive neural pathways from VLPAG to the caudal ventrolateral medulla and further inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, thereby supporting a novel and noninvasive alternative therapy to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Fangyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Chunhao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | | | - Mingxi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute, China
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Lacy B, Rahman MS. Interactive effects of high temperature and pesticide exposure on oxidative status, apoptosis, and renin expression in kidney of goldfish: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of widespread kidney damage and renin attenuation. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1787-1806. [PMID: 35698815 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of many noteworthy consequences of increasing societal reliance on pesticides is their predominance in aquatic environments. These pernicious chemicals interact with high temperatures from global climate change, heat waves, and natural variations to create unstable environments that negatively impact organisms' health. To understand these conditions, we examined the dose-dependent effects of environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures (metolachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebuconazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, and azinphos-methyl) combined with elevated temperatures (22 control vs. 32°C for 4-week exposure) on renin, dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), superoxidase dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant), and catalase (CAT, an antioxidant) expressions in the kidneys of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological analysis showed widespread damage to kidney tissues in high temperature and pesticide co-exposure groups, including rupture of the epithelial layer, hemorrhaging, and degeneration of tubular epithelium. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated significant declines in renin receptor-like mRNA and protein expressions in kidney tissues under combined exposure to high temperature and pesticides compared with controls; conversely, expression of DNP, NTP, SOD, and CAT increased in kidney tissues under the same conditions. Apoptotic cells were also increased in co-exposure groups as assessed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) assay. The enhanced apoptosis in kidneys of heat and pesticides co-exposed fish was associated with increased caspase-3 (a protease enzyme) mRNA levels. Our results demonstrated that high temperature and pesticides induced oxidative/nitrative stress (i.e., ROS/RNS), damaged tissues, increased cellular apoptosis, and suppressed renin expression in kidneys of goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Lezama-Martinez D, Elena Hernandez-Campos M, Flores-Monroy J, Valencia-Hernandez I, Martinez-Aguilar L. Time-Dependent Effects of Individual and Combined Treatments With Nebivolol, Lisinopril, and Valsartan on Blood Pressure and Vascular Reactivity to Angiotensin II and Norepinephrine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:490-499. [PMID: 33779339 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines suggest the combination of 2 drugs as a strategy to treat hypertension. However, some antihypertensive combinations have been shown to be ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether differences exist between the results of monotherapy and combination therapy by temporal monitoring of the responses to angiotensin II and norepinephrine, which are vasoconstrictors involved in the development of hypertension. Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine the vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) aortic rings after treatment with valsartan, lisinopril, nebivolol, nebivolol-lisinopril, and nebivolol-valsartan for different periods of time. In this study, male SHR and Wistar Kyoto normotensive (WKY) rats were divided into 7 groups treated for 1, 2, and 4 weeks: (1) WKY + vehicle, (2) SHR + vehicle; (3) SHR + nebivolol; (4) SHR + lisinopril; (5) SHR + valsartan; (6) SHR + nebivolol-lisinopril; and (7) SHR + nebivolol-valsartan. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method, and vascular reactivity was determined from the concentration-response curve to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in aortic rings. The results showed that the combined and individual treatments reduced mean blood pressure at all times evaluated. All treatments decreased vascular reactivity to angiotensin II; however, in the case of lisinopril and nebivolol-lisinopril, the effect observed was significant up to 2 weeks. All treatments decreased the reactivity to norepinephrine up to week 4. These results show a time-dependent difference in vascular reactivity between the pharmacological treatments, with nebivolol-valsartan and nebivolol-lisinopril being both effective combinations. Additionally, the results suggest crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems to reduce blood pressure and to improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lezama-Martinez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, F.E.S.-Cuautitlan, 7180Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politecnico Nacional, D.F., Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Hernandez-Campos
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politecnico Nacional, D.F., Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Flores-Monroy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, F.E.S.-Cuautitlan, 7180Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Valencia-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politecnico Nacional, D.F., Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luisa Martinez-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, F.E.S.-Cuautitlan, 7180Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico, Mexico
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Rha EY, Kim JW, Kim JH, Yoo G. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Captopril, Improves Scar Healing in Hypertensive Rats. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:975-983. [PMID: 33456355 PMCID: PMC7807183 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cutaneous scars, with aberrant extracellular matrix accumulation, have multiple origins. Antihypertensive medications, such as calcium channel blockers, have been used to treat pathological scars. However, a relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, pathological scars, and blood pressure (BP) has never been reported. Here, we aimed to compare the differences in scar development and the effects of the administration of systemic ACE inhibitor on scar tissue in a normotensive rat, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), a hypertensive rat, and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Using an 8-mm punch, we created two full-thickness skin defects in a total of 32 rats (16 WKY and 16 SHR) to obtain a total of 64 wounds. We established control WKY (n = 16), captopril-treated WKY (n = 16), control SHR (n = 16), and captopril-treated SHR (n = 16) groups and started captopril (100 mg/g per day) treatment on day 21 in the appropriate groups. The BP of all groups was measured at 0, 3, and 5 weeks. The scar area was measured by histopathological examination, and scarring was expressed in terms of scar area and fibroblast and capillary counts. The expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 47, type I and III collagens, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ki67, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The scar area and fibroblast count were significantly higher in control SHR than in control WKY. The scar area, fibroblast count, and capillary count were significantly smaller in captopril-treated SHR than in control SHR. Immunostaining for α-SMA, Ki67, and VEGF also showed a noticeable decrease in scarring in the treated SHR compared with that in control SHR. Thus, BP affects scar development in a rat model, and an ACE inhibitor is more effective at reducing scars in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Rha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeol Yoo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Brain perivascular macrophages: connecting inflammation to autonomic activity in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:148-150. [PMID: 31745290 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and in Those without Cardiovascular Event Depending on Anthropometric Factors Defining Body Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214077. [PMID: 31652762 PMCID: PMC6862597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis. This metabolic disorder is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which affect the oxidative stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative/antioxidative status and to investigate the correlation between redox markers and anthropometric parameters and body composition in adult patients after myocardial infarction and in individuals without a cardiovascular event in the past. Descriptive data on socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric features and blood samples were collected and categorized into two equal groups: after myocardial infarction (study group (SG), n = 80) and without a cardiovascular event (control group (CG), n = 80). The oxidative/antioxidative status was assessed in plasma on the basis of total oxidative/capacitive status (PerOx), total antioxidative status/capacity (ImAnOx), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The oxLDL was significantly higher in the CG group compared to the SG group (p = 0.02). No significant differences were found with regard to PerOx and ImAnOx values between the groups studied. A significant positive correlation between PerOx and percentage of adipose tissue (FM%) and body adiposity index (BAI) was found in the two studied groups. ImAnOx significantly positively correlated with visceral adiposity indexes(VAIs) in SG and FM% in CG. OxLDL negatively correlated with body mass index and waist to hip circumference ratio in CG. The total oxidative/antioxidative status is related to the amount of adipose tissue and the BAIs of the subjects. It was observed that it correlates more frequently with the visceral distribution of body fat.
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11
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Paseban M, Mohebbati R, Niazmand S, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Comparison of the Neuroprotective Effects of Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Captopril and Metformin in Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040118. [PMID: 30934759 PMCID: PMC6523359 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined intake of a high dose of aspirin, atorvastatin, captopril and metformin on oxidative stress in the brain cortex and hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Material and methods: Rats were randomly divided into the following 11 groups: control and diabetic (D), as well as 9 groups that were treated with metformin (M, 300 mg/kg) or aspirin (ASA, 120 mg/kg) alone or in different combinations with captopril (C, 50 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (AT, 40 mg/kg) as follows: (D + M), (D + ASA), (D + M + ASA), (D + M + C), (D + M + AT), (D + M + C + ASA), (D + M + C + AT), (D + M + AT + ASA) and (D + M + C + AT + ASA). The rats in treatment groups received drugs by gavage daily for six weeks. Serum lipid profile and levels of oxidative markers in the brain cortex and hippocampus tissues were evaluated. Results: The levels of malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and hippocampus in all the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the total thiol concentration as well as catalase activity in treated rats in (M + AT), (M + C + ASA), (M + C + AT), (M + AT + ASA) and (M + C + AT + ASA) groups in cortex and hippocampus in comparison with the diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Also, the superoxide dismutase activity in all treated rats with medications was significantly increased compared to the diabetic rats (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the combined use of high-dose aspirin, metformin, captopril and atorvastatin potentiated their antioxidant effects on the brain, and hence could potentially improve cognitive function with their neuroprotective effects on hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Paseban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2RW, UK.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of MedicalSciences; Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
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Abstract
Vitamin D has been traditionally recognized as a vitamin quintessential for bone-mineral health. In the past 2 decades, numerous experimental and observational studies have highlighted the role of vitamin D in immunity, metabolic syndrome (obesity and diabetes), cancers, renal disease, memory, and neurological dysfunction. In this article, we review important studies that focused on the impact of vitamin D on blood pressure, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and statin intolerance. Amidst the current pool of ambiguous evidence, we intend to discuss the role of vitamin D in "high-value cardiovascular health care".
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Antihypertensive Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits and Quality Control of Active Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5158243. [PMID: 29849899 PMCID: PMC5937377 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem., which belongs to the Araliaceae family, mainly inhabits Korea, China, and Japan. Traditionally, Acanthopanax species have been used as treatment for several diseases such as diabetes, tumors, and rheumatoid arthritis. Especially, its fruits have many biological functions including antitumor, immunostimulating, antithrombosis, and antiplatelet activities. Recently, the extract of A. sessiliflorus fruit has been reported to have antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities related to the alleviation of hypertension. Therefore, we investigated the antihypertensive effect of ethanolic extract from A. sessiliflorus fruits (DHP1501) through in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies. In this study, DHP1501 demonstrated free radical scavenging capacity, enhanced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), resulting in the improvement of vascular relaxation and decrease in blood pressure in the hypertensive animal model. These results suggest that A. sessiliflorus fruit extract may be a promising functional material for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based active compounds for the quality control of DHP1501.
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Egg white-derived peptides prevent cardiovascular disorders induced by mercury in rats: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and NADPH oxidase. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:158-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Plotnikov MB, Shamanaev AY, Aliev OI, Sidekhmenova AV, Anishchenko AM, Arkhipov AM. Pentoxifylline treatment enhances antihypertensive activity of captopril through hemorheological improvement in spontaneously hypertensive rats during development of arterial hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:769-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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The effects of captopril on lipopolysaccharide induced learning and memory impairments and the brain cytokine levels and oxidative damage in rats. Life Sci 2016; 167:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Miloradović Z, Ivanov M, Jovović Đ, Karanović D, Vajić UJ, Marković-Lipkovski J, Mihailović-Stanojević N, Milanović JG. Angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor blockade different affects postishemic kidney injury in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:813-820. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Afzal S, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdulla MH, Akhtar S, Hashmi F, Abdullah NA. Interaction between irbesartan, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), and adiponectin in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:593-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Han J, Jiang DM, Ye Y, Du CQ, Yang J, Hu SJ. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor, ibandronate, improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3787-96. [PMID: 27035426 PMCID: PMC4838142 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originating predominantly from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), lead to vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction in rats with hypertension. The downstream signaling pathways of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, mediate the generation of ROS. The present study investigated the effect of the FPP synthase inhibitor, ibandronate, on ROS production, the possible beneficial effect on endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were treated with ibandronate for 30 days. Endothelium‑dependent and independent vasorelaxation were measured in isolated aortic rings. Additionally, VSMCs from the SHRs and Wistar‑Kyoto (WKY) rats were cultured. The production of ROS and activation of NADPH oxidase were determined using fluorescence and chemiluminescence, respectively, in vivo and in vitro. Angiotensin II (Ang II) increased ROS production in the cultured VSMCs from the WKY rats and SHRs, in a concentration‑dependent manner. The Ang II‑induced responses were more marked in the SHR VSMCs, compare with those in the WKY VSMCs, however, the response decreased significantly following ibandronate pretreatment. Treatment with ibandronate significantly decreased the production of ROS, translocation of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, and activities of NADPH oxidase and Rac1 in the aorta and VSMCs, and improved the impaired endothelium‑dependent vasodilation in the SHRs. Adding geranylgeraniol, but not farnesol or mevalonate, reversed the inhibitory effects of ibandronate. In addition, inhibiting geranylgeranyl-transferase mimicked the effect of ibandronate on the excess oxidative response. Ibandronate exerted cellular antioxidant effects through the Rac1/NADPH oxidase pathway. These effects may have contributed to the vasoprotective effects on the impaired endothelium in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Impairment Is Preventable by Captopril. Adv Med 2016; 2016:7676512. [PMID: 27830176 PMCID: PMC5088279 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7676512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Renin-angiotensin system has a role in inflammation and also is involved in many brain functions such as learning, memory, and emotion. Neuroimmune factors have been proposed as the contributors to the pathogenesis of memory impairments. In the present study, the effect of captopril on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Methods. The rats were divided and treated into control (saline), LPS (1 mg/kg), LPS-captopril (LPS-Capto; 50 mg/kg captopril before LPS), and captopril groups (50 mg/kg) before saline. Morris water maze was done. Long-term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of hippocampus was assessed by 100 Hz stimulation in the ipsilateral Schaffer collateral pathway. Results. In the LPS group, the spent time and traveled path to reach the platform were longer than those in the control, while, in the LPS-Capto group, they were shorter than those in the LPS group. Moreover, the slope and amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) decreased in the LPS group, as compared to the control group, whereas, in the LPS-Capto group, they increased compared to the LPS group. Conclusion. The results of the present study showed that captopril improved the LPS-induced memory and LTP impairments induced by LPS in rats. Further investigations are required in order to better understand the exact responsible mechanism(s).
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Chronic Stress Facilitates the Development of Deep Venous Thrombosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:384535. [PMID: 26576222 PMCID: PMC4630420 DOI: 10.1155/2015/384535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pressure of modern social life intensifies the impact of stress on the development of cardiovascular diseases, which include deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Renal sympathetic denervation has been applied as one of the clinical approaches for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. In addition, the close relationship between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases has been well documented. The present study is designed to explore the mechanism by which the renal sympathetic nerve system and the oxidative stress affect the blood coagulation system in the development of DVT. Chronic foot shock model in rats was applied to mimic a state of physiological stress similar to humans. Our results showed that chronic foot shock procedure could promote DVT which may be through the activation of platelets aggregation. The aggravation of DVT and activation of platelets were alleviated by renal sympathetic denervation or antioxidant (Tempol) treatment. Concurrently, the denervation treatment could also reduce the levels of circulating oxidation factors in rats. These results demonstrate that both the renal sympathetic nerve system and the oxidative stress contribute to the development of DVT in response to chronic stress, which may provide novel strategy for treatment of clinic DVT patients.
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Chen S, Sun Y, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D deficiency and essential hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:885-901. [PMID: 26419755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) results when the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation is shifted in favor of vasoconstriction. This balance is controlled by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors. When there is an unstable balance, vitamin D deficiency as an epigenetic factor triggers a shift to the side of vasoconstriction. In this article, we critically analyze clinical findings on the effect of vitamin D on blood pressure, combined with progress in molecular mechanisms. We find that vitamin D repletion exerts a clinically significant antihypertensive effect in vitamin D-deficient EH patients. Of note, a few trials reported no antihypertensive effect from vitamin D due to suboptimal study design. Short-term vitamin D supplementation has no effect on blood pressure in normotensive subjects. This could explain the mixed results and may provide a theoretical basis for future trials to identify beneficial effects of vitamin D in intervention for EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcang Chen
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Dong T, Chen JW, Tian LL, Wang LH, Jiang RD, Zhang Z, Xu JB, Zhao XD, Zhu W, Wang GQ, Sun WP, Zhang GX. Role of the renin-angiotensin system, renal sympathetic nerve system, and oxidative stress in chronic foot shock-induced hypertension in rats. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:652-63. [PMID: 25999788 PMCID: PMC4440255 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and renal sympathetic nerve system (RSNS) are involved in the development of hypertension. The present study is designed to explore the possible roles of the RAS and the RSNS in foot shock-induced hypertension. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, foot shock, RSNS denervation, denervation plus foot shock, Captopril (angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, ACE inhibitor) plus foot shock, and Tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) plus foot shock. Rats received foot shock for 14 days. We measured the quantity of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), corticosterone, renin, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in plasma, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and renal noradrenaline content. RAS component mRNA and protein levels were quantified in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. RESULTS The two week foot shock treatment significantly increased systolic blood pressure, which was accompanied by an increase in angiotensinogen, renin, ACE1, and AT1a mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, an increase of the plasma concentrations of renin, Ang II, corticosterone, and TBARS, as well as a decrease in plasma SOD and GSH-Px activities. Systolic blood pressure increase was suppressed by denervation of the RSNS or treatment with Captopril or Tempol. Interestingly, denervation or Tempol treatment both decreased main RAS components not only in the circulatory system, but also in the central nervous system. In addition, decreased antioxidant levels and increased TBARS and corticosterone levels were also partially restored by denervation or treatment with Tempol or Captopril. CONCLUSIONS RAS, RSNS and oxidative stress reciprocally potentiate to play important roles in the development of foot shock-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wei Chen
- 2. Department of Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Suzhou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Di Jiang
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bing Xu
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhao
- 2. Department of Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Suzhou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- 3. Department of Internal Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, High-tech zone hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215151, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Wang
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ping Sun
- 4. Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- 1. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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Contribution of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic foot-shock induced hypertension in rats. Life Sci 2014; 121:135-44. [PMID: 25498894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic foot shock has been demonstrated to induce hypertension. The present study was designed to explore whether the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in this process and the possible mechanisms involved in chronic-foot-shock-induced hypertension. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a two-week foot shock with or without an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blocker (ARB, candesartan) or an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, captopril). The expression of RAS components in the central nervous and circulatory systems was examined. Antioxidant levels in the plasma were monitored. KEY FINDINGS Two-week foot shock significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP). Angiotensinogen, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-1, ACE-2, angiotensin type 1a and type 1b receptors, and vasopressin (VAP) mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus were increased along with the concentration of renin and Ang II in the plasma; these changes were accompanied by decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and increased lipid peroxidation levels and plasma corticosterone concentrations. Both candesartan and captopril suppressed not only the increases in SBP but also the increases in VAP expression in the hypothalamus and RAS components in the central nervous system and the circulatory system. The decreases in antioxidant levels and the increases in lipid peroxidation and corticosterone levels were also partially reversed by candesartan or captopril treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic foot shock increases expression of the main RAS components, which play an important role in the development of high blood pressure through increased VAP levels, oxidative stress levels and stress hormone levels.
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Jahandideh F, Majumder K, Chakrabarti S, Morton JS, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Beneficial effects of simulated gastro-intestinal digests of fried egg and its fractions on blood pressure, plasma lipids and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115006. [PMID: 25502445 PMCID: PMC4263718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously characterized several antihypertensive peptides in simulated digests of cooked eggs and showed blood pressure lowering property of fried whole egg digest. However, the long-term effects of this hydrolysate and its fractions on blood pressure are not known. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine the effects of long term administration of fried whole egg hydrolysate and its fractions (i.e. egg white and egg yolk) on regulation of blood pressure and associated factors in cardiovascular disease such as plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. Methods and Results We used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of essential hypertension. Hydrolysates of fried egg and its fractions were prepared by simulated gastro-intestinal digestion with pepsin and pancreatin. 16–17 week old male SHRs were orally administered fried whole egg hydrolysate, non-hydrolyzed fried whole egg, egg white hydrolysate or egg yolk hydrolysates (either defatted, or not) daily for 18 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored by telemetry. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment for vascular function studies and evaluating plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. BP was reduced by feeding fried whole egg hydrolysate but not by the non-hydrolyzed product suggesting a critical role for in vitro digestion in releasing anti-hypertensive peptides. Egg white hydrolysate and defatted egg yolk hydrolysate (but not egg yolk hydrolysate) also had similar effects. Reduction in BP was accompanied by the restoration of nitric oxide (NO) dependent vasorelaxation and reduction of plasma angiotensin II. Fried whole egg hydrolysate also reduced plasma levels of triglyceride although it was increased by the non-hydrolyzed sample. Additionally the hydrolyzed preparations attenuated tissue oxidative stress. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that fried egg hydrolysates exert anti-hypertensive effects, improve plasma lipid profile and attenuate tissue oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Wei H, Qin Y, Hao Y, Zhu Y, Deng F, Guo X. Ultrafine carbon black attenuates the antihypertensive effect of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:853-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.965558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Wittmer VL, Waichert ÉJ, Gava PL, Pereira FEL, Guimarães MCC, de Figueiredo SG, Mauad H. Effects of captopril on cardiovascular reflexes and respiratory mechanisms in rats submitted to monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:57-65. [PMID: 25460515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a disease associated with increased arteriolar resistance in the lungs. Due to hypoxemia, some physiological mechanisms can be posteriorly affected, including respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes, but this has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate how these mechanisms were affected by monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and the possible therapeutic role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), captopril, in reversing this remodeling process. METHODS AND RESULTS Groups of Wistar rats received MCT injections (60 mg kg(-1)). Three weeks later, they received captopril (CPT, 100 mg kg(-1)) in their drinking water (MCT + CPT) or water alone (MCT) for 2 weeks. As control, saline-treated animals received captopril in their drinking water (CPT) or water alone (CON), also for 2 weeks. Results showed that PAH was fully induced in the MCT group, evidenced by a high pulmonary index. Gasometrical and respiratory analyses showed hypoxemia and compensatory hyperventilation. CPT treatment brought these parameters to similar values to those observed in the CON group. We observed that autonomic dysfunction in the MCT group was suppressed by CPT. Finally, cardiovascular reflexes analysis showed increased chemoreflex responses in the MCT group, while baroreflex sensibility was decreased. Surprisingly, CPT normalized these reflex responses to values similar to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that MCT-induced PAH induces compensatory respiratory responses, dysautonomia, and baroreflex dysfunction and increases chemoreflex responses. The data also indicate that CPT was effective in reversing these cardio-respiratory disorders, suggesting that ACEi could be a potential therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Lourenço Wittmer
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Élio Junior Waichert
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Pablo Lúcio Gava
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Suely Gomes de Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Hélder Mauad
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Cytochrome P450 1B1 contributes to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:145-61. [PMID: 24477449 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 to hypertension and its pathogenesis by examining the effect of its selective inhibitor, 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Blood pressure (BP) was measured bi-weekly. Starting at 8 weeks, TMS (600 μg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle was injected daily. At 14 weeks, samples were collected for measurement. RESULTS TMS reversed increased BP in SHR (207 ± 7 vs. 129 ± 2 mmHg) without altering BP in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Increased CYP1B1 activity in SHR was inhibited by TMS (RLU: aorta, 5.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 0.7; heart, 6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.4; kidney, 411 ± 45 vs. 246 ± 10). Increased vascular reactivity, cardiovascular hypertrophy, endothelial and renal dysfunction, cardiac and renal fibrosis in SHR were minimized by TMS. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase activity in SHR, were diminished by TMS. In SHR, TMS reduced increased plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (46.4 ± 5.0 vs. 28.1 ± 4.1 μM), hydrogen-peroxide (36.0 ± 3.7 vs. 14.1 ± 3.8 μM), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (6.9 ± 1.0 vs. 3.4 ± 1.5 μM). Increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, and cardiac activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Src tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase B in SHR were also inhibited by TMS. CONCLUSIONS These data suggests that increased oxidative stress generated by CYP1B1 contributes to hypertension, increased cytokine production and sympathetic activity, and associated pathophysiological changes in SHR. CYP1B1 could be a novel target for developing drugs to treat hypertension and its pathogenesis.
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Sakaida H, Nagao K, Higa K, Shirouchi B, Inoue N, Hidaka F, Kai T, Yanagita T. Effect ofVaccinium ashei readeLeaves on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activityin Vitroand on Systolic Blood Pressure of Spontaneously Hypertensive Ratsin Vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2335-7. [PMID: 17827680 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hypotensive effects of Vaccinium ashei reade (blueberry) leaves were studied in vitro and in vivo. Blueberry leaf showed a strong inhibitory effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in vitro. Additionally, feeding of blueberry leaf suppressed the development of essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. These results promise the use of blueberry leaf as a source of dietary hypotensive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaida
- Research Institute, Unkai Shuzo Co., Ltd, 1800-5 Oaza Minamimata, Miyazaki 880-1303, Japan
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Ivanov M, Mihailović-Stanojević N, Grujić Milanović J, Jovović Đ, Marković-Lipkovski J, Ćirović S, Miloradović Z. Losartan improved antioxidant defense, renal function and structure of postischemic hypertensive kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96353. [PMID: 24796787 PMCID: PMC4010520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) is a highly complex disorder involving renal vasoconstriction, filtration failure, tubular obstruction, tubular backleak and generation of reactive oxygen species. Due to this complexity, the aim of our study was to explore effects of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade on kidney structure and function, as well as oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized adult male SHR in the model of ARF with 40 minutes clamping the left renal artery. The right kidney was removed and 40 minutes renal ischemia was performed. Experimental groups received AT1R antagonist (Losartan) or vehicle (saline) in the femoral vein 5 minutes before, during and 175 minutes after the period of ischemia. Biochemical parameters were measured and kidney specimens were collected 24h after reperfusion. ARF significantly decreased creatinine and urea clearance, increased LDL and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Treatment with losartan induced a significant increase of creatinine and urea clearance, as well as HDL. Lipid peroxidation in plasma was decreased and catalase enzyme activity in erythrocytes was increased after losartan treatment. Losartan reduced cortico-medullary necrosis and tubular dilatation in the kidney. High expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the injured kidney was downregulated after losartan treatment. Our results reveal that angiotensin II (via AT1R) mediates the most postischemic injuries in hypertensive kidney through oxidative stress enhancement. Therefore, blockade of AT1R may have beneficial effects in hypertensive patients who have developed ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ivanov
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nevena Mihailović-Stanojević
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Grujić Milanović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Jovović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Ćirović
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Miloradović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Galougahi KK, Liu CC, Gentile C, Kok C, Nunez A, Garcia A, Fry NAS, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL, Rasmussen HH, Figtree GA. Glutathionylation mediates angiotensin II-induced eNOS uncoupling, amplifying NADPH oxidase-dependent endothelial dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000731. [PMID: 24755153 PMCID: PMC4187489 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Glutathionylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) “uncouples” the enzyme, switching its function from nitric oxide (NO) to O2•− generation. We examined whether this reversible redox modification plays a role in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results Ang II increased eNOS glutathionylation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), rabbit aorta, and human arteries in vitro. This was associated with decreased NO bioavailability and eNOS activity as well as increased O2•− generation. Ang II‐induced decrease in eNOS activity was mediated by glutathionylation, as shown by restoration of function by glutaredoxin‐1. Moreover, Ang II‐induced increase in O2•− and decrease in NO were abolished in HUVECs transiently transfected, with mutant eNOS rendered resistant to glutathionylation. Ang II effects were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase dependent because preincubation with gp 91ds‐tat, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished the increase in eNOS glutathionylation and loss of eNOS activity. Functional significance of glutathionylation in intact vessels was supported by Ang II‐induced impairment of endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation that was abolished by the disulfide reducing agent, dithiothreitol. Furthermore, attenuation of Ang II signaling in vivo by administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor reduced eNOS glutathionylation, increased NO, diminished O2•−, improved endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation and reduced blood pressure. Conclusions Uncoupling of eNOS by glutathionylation is a key mediator of Ang II‐induced endothelial dysfunction, and its reversal is a mechanism for cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibition. We suggest that Ang II‐induced O2•− generation in endothelial cells, although dependent on NADPH oxidase, is amplified by glutathionylation‐dependent eNOS uncoupling.
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Carillon J, Rugale C, Rouanet JM, Cristol JP, Lacan D, Jover B. Endogenous antioxidant defense induction by melon superoxide dismutase reduces cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:602-9. [PMID: 24601674 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.893286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the influence of SODB, a melon superoxide dismutase (SOD), on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in SHR. SODB (4 or 40U SOD) was given orally for 4 or 28 days to SHR. For each treatment period, LV weight index (LVWI) and cardiomyocytes size were measured. SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase expressions, and LV production and presence of superoxide anion were determined. Pro-inflammatory markers were also measured. SODB reduced LVWI and cardiomyocytes size after 4 or 28 days. Cardiac SOD and GPx increased by 30-40% with SODB. The presence but not production of superoxide anion was significantly reduced by SODB. No effect of SODB was detected on inflammatory status in any group. The beneficial effect of SODB on cardiac hypertrophy seems to be related to the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense, suggesting that SODB may be of interest as a dietary supplementation during conventional antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- UMR 204 - Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 2 , Montpellier , France
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Ahmad FUD, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Tan YC, Akhtar S, Jin OH, Pei YP, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ. Hydrogen sulphide and tempol treatments improve the blood pressure and renal excretory responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ren Fail 2014; 36:598-605. [PMID: 24502512 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.882218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and suppressed H2S production lead to increased renal vascular resistance, disturbed glomerular hemodynamics, and abnormal renal sodium and water handling, contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of essential hypertension in man and the spontaneously hypertensive rat. This study investigated the impact of H2S and tempol alone and in combination on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics and excretory functions in the SHR. Groups of WKY rats or SHR (n=6) were treated for 4 weeks either as controls or received NaHS (SHR+NaHS), tempol (SHR+Tempol), or NaHS plus tempol (SHR+NaHS +Tempol). Metabolic studies were performed on days 0, 14, and 28, thereafter animals were anaesthetized to measure renal hemodynamics and plasma oxidative and antioxidant markers. SHR control rats had higher mean arterial blood pressure (140.0 ± 2 vs. 100.0 ± 3 mmHg), lower plasma and urinary H2S, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion, and oxidative stress compared to WKY (all p<0.05). Treatment either with NaHS or with tempol alone decreased blood pressure and oxidative stress and improved renal hemodynamic and excretory function compared to untreated SHR. Combined NaHS and tempol therapy in SHRs caused larger decreases in blood pressure (∼20-22% vs. ∼11-15% and ∼10-14%), increases in creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion and fractional sodium excretion and up-regulated the antioxidant status compared to each agent alone (all p<0.05). These findings demonstrated that H2S and tempol together resulted in greater reductions in blood pressure and normalization of kidney function compared with either compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Ud Din Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
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Haloui M, Tremblay J, Seda O, Koltsova SV, Maksimov GV, Orlov SN, Hamet P. Increased Renal Epithelial Na Channel Expression and Activity Correlate With Elevation of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2013; 62:731-7. [PMID: 23959560 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mounsif Haloui
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Ondrej Seda
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Svetlana V. Koltsova
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Pavel Hamet
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
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Renin-Angiotensin system and sympathetic neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system of hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:474870. [PMID: 23227311 PMCID: PMC3512297 DOI: 10.1155/2012/474870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Studies suggest that changes in sympathetic nerve activity in the central nervous system might have a crucial role in blood pressure control. The present paper discusses evidence in support of the concept that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might be linked to sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension. The amount of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings can be regulated by presynaptic receptors located on nerve terminals. It has been proposed that alterations in sympathetic nervous activity in the central nervous system of hypertension might be partially due to abnormalities in presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release. Recent evidence indicates that all components of the RAS have been identified in the brain. It has been proposed that the brain RAS may actively participate in the modulation of neurotransmitter release and influence the central sympathetic outflow to the periphery. This paper summarizes the results of studies to evaluate the possible relationship between the brain RAS and sympathetic neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system of hypertension.
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Fouad AA, Al-Mulhim AS, Jresat I, Morsy MA. Protective effects of captopril in diabetic rats exposed to ischemia/reperfusion renal injury. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:243-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the potential protective effects of captopril, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in diabetic rats exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) renal injury.
Methods
Following successful induction of diabetes, captopril treatment (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for 4 weeks, after which bilateral renal ischaemia was induced for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h.
Results
Captopril significantly attenuated hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia in diabetic rats, and significantly reduced the elevations of serum creatinine and aldosterone levels, and renal malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide (NO), and prevented the depletion of reduced glutathione caused by I/R in diabetic rats. Histopathological renal tissue damage induced by I/R in diabetic rats was ameliorated by captopril treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that captopril significantly attenuated the reduction of insulin content in pancreatic islet β-cells, and decreased the I/R-induced expression of inducible NO synthase, nuclear factor-κB, Fas ligand and caspase-3, and increased the expression of survivin and heme oxygenase-1 in the kidney tissue of diabetic rats.
Conclusions
Captopril represents a potential candidate to reduce the risk of renal injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Iyad Jresat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Wang XH, Huang LL, Yu TT, Zhu JH, Shen B, Zhang Y, Wang HZ, Gao S. Effects of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins on heart, aorta, kidney in DOCA-salt mice: role of oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2012; 27:869-76. [PMID: 22903376 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing experimental and clinical data highlights the important roles of increased reactive oxygen species production in cardiovascular remodeling (CR). Oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been shown to be potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers. Mice were treated with DOCA-salt to induce CR and were given distilled water or oligomeric GSPs for 4 weeks. The heart weight (HW) index and kidney weight (KW) index were expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW); the histological changes were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson staining.The endothelial-dependent vasodilation function induced by acetylcholine was investigated in isolated thoracic aorta ring. Colorimetric analysis was used to assay superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide (NO) content in serum and hydroxyproline content in cardiac tissue. Administration of GSPs markedly alleviated the elevation of HW/BW ratio, KW/BW ratio and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, decreased collagen deposition in heart and attenuated histopathology injury, and improves endothelial-dependent aorta ring relaxation in vitro accompany by increasing of NO content in serum. Meanwhile, treatment with GSPs significantly ameliorated oxidative stress via increasing SOD activities and decreasing MDA formation. These findings suggest that administration of GSPs has the potential to attenuate DOCA-salt induced CR and KH and preserve NO activity and endothelial function, which mechanism may contribute to its antioxidant characteristic, at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Han CY, Umemoto T, Omer M, Den Hartigh LJ, Chiba T, LeBoeuf R, Buller CL, Sweet IR, Pennathur S, Abel ED, Chait A. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species increases expression of monocyte chemotactic factor genes in cultured adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10379-10393. [PMID: 22287546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess glucose and free fatty acids delivered to adipose tissue causes local inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance. Glucose and palmitate generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocytes, leading to monocyte chemotactic factor gene expression. Docosahexaenoate (DHA) has the opposite effect. In this study, we evaluated the potential sources of ROS in the presence of excess nutrients. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to palmitate and DHA (250 μM) in either 5 or 25 mM glucose to evaluate the relative roles of mitochondrial electron transport and NADPH oxidases (NOX) as sources of ROS. Excess glucose and palmitate did not increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, glucose exposure increased glycolysis. Of the NOX family members, only NOX4 was expressed in adipocytes. Moreover, its activity was increased by excess glucose and palmitate and decreased by DHA. Silencing NOX4 inhibited palmitate- and glucose-stimulated ROS generation and monocyte chemotactic factor gene expression. NADPH, a substrate for NOX, and pentose phosphate pathway activity increased with glucose but not palmitate and decreased with DHA exposure. Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors and siRNA suppressed ROS generation and monocyte chemotactic factor gene expression induced by both glucose and palmitate. Finally, both high glucose and palmitate induced NOX4 translocation into lipid rafts, effects that were blocked by DHA. Excess glucose and palmitate generate ROS via NOX4 rather than by mitochondrial oxidation in cultured adipocytes. NOX4 is regulated by both NADPH generated in the PPP and translocation of NOX4 into lipid rafts, leading to expression of monocyte chemotactic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Tomio Umemoto
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Laura J Den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Renee LeBoeuf
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Carolyn L Buller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Ian R Sweet
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426; Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6426,.
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Fouad AA, Jresat I. Captopril and telmisartan treatments attenuate cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:152-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pinho D, Morato M, Couto MR, Marques-Lopes J, Tavares I, Albino-Teixeira A. Does chronic pain alter the normal interaction between cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems? Pain modulation in the hypertensive-monoarthritic rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 12:194-204. [PMID: 20736136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertension-associated hypoalgesia is widely recognized in acute pain conditions. In chronic pain states, however, the relationship between blood pressure and pain sensitivity is still ill-defined, with different authors reporting negative, positive, or even no relationship at all. This work addresses this issue, using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced monoarthritis in different models of hypertension: Spontaneous (spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR), induced by infusion of angiotensin II (ANG) or 1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX, an adenosine receptors' antagonist), and renal artery ligation (RAL). Nociceptive responses associated with monoarthritis were evaluated by different behavioral tests (von Frey, ankle-bend and CatWalk) and by quantification of Fos expression at the dorsal horn upon noxious stimulation. In all hypertension models, higher von Frey thresholds and lower Fos expression were detected in hypertensive rats with chronic inflammatory pain, as compared to normotensive monoarthritic rats. In SHR and DPSPX, but not ANG or RAL models, hypertensive animals displayed lower inflammation than normotensives. Ankle-bend and CatWalk results indicated lower pain sensitivity in hypertensive rats only in SHR and DPSPX models. The present study shows the importance of using multiple models of hypertension, and evaluating pain responses by various methods, to better understand the complexity of the interactions between pain and cardiovascular regulatory systems. PERSPECTIVE This study used different models of hypertension to investigate whether chronic pain alters the normal integration of cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems. A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between these systems may disclose future therapeutic approaches to treat hypertension/chronic pain comorbidity states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pinho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Systemic antioxidant properties of L-carnitine in two different models of arterial hypertension. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:127-36. [PMID: 20506010 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of a wide range of drugs being available in the market, treatment of arterial hypertension still remains a challenge, and new therapeutic strategies could be developed in order to improve the rate of success in controlling this disease. Since oxidative stress has gained importance in the last few years as one of the mechanisms involved in the origin and development of hypertension, and considering that L-carnitine (LC) is a useful compound in different pathologies characterized by increased oxidative status, the aim of the present study was to investigate the systemic antioxidant effect of LC and its correlation to blood pressure in two experimental models of hypertension: (1) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and (2) rats with hypertension induced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Treatment with captopril was also performed in SHR in order to compare the antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of LC and captopril. The antioxidant defense capacity, in terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione system availability and plasma total antioxidant capacity, was measured in both animal models with or without an oral, chronic treatment with LC. All the antioxidant parameters studied were diminished in SHR and in L-NAME-treated animals, an alteration that was in general reversed after treatments with LC and captopril. In addition, LC produced a significant but not complete reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in these two models of hypertension, whereas captopril was able to normalize blood pressure. Both LC and captopril prevented the reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels observed in hypertensive animals. This suggests a decrease in the systemic oxidative stress and a higher availability of NO induced by LC in a similar way to captopril's effects, which could be relevant in the management of arterial hypertension eventually.
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Miguel-Carrasco JL, Zambrano S, Blanca AJ, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Captopril reduces cardiac inflammatory markers in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inactivation of NF-kB. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:21. [PMID: 20462420 PMCID: PMC2879251 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor widely used in the treatment of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Our objective was to study whether captopril is able to attenuate the cardiac inflammatory process associated with arterial hypertension. Methods Left ventricle mRNA expression and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their control normotensive, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, with or without a 12-week treatment with captopril (80 mg/Kg/day; n = six animals per group). To understand the mechanisms involved in the effect of captopril, mRNA expression of ACE, angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and p22phox (a subunit of NADPH oxidase), as well as NF-κB activation and expression, were measured in the left ventricle of these animals. Results In SHR, the observed increases in blood pressures, heart rate, left ventricle relative weight, plasma levels and cardiac mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the reductions in the plasma levels and in the cardiac mRNA expression of IL-10, were reversed after the treatment with captopril. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of ACE, AT1R and p22phox, which were enhanced in the left ventricle of SHR, were reduced to normal values after captopril treatment. Finally, SHR presented an elevated cardiac mRNA expression and activation of the transcription nuclear factor, NF-κB, accompanied by a reduced expression of its inhibitor, IκB; captopril administration corrected the observed changes in all these parameters. Conclusion These findings show that captopril decreases the inflammation process in the left ventricle of hypertensive rats and suggest that NF-κB-driven inflammatory reactivity might be responsible for this effect through an inactivation of NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Miguel-Carrasco
- Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Miguel-Carrasco JL, Monserrat MT, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Comparative effects of captopril and l-carnitine on blood pressure and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 632:65-72. [PMID: 20123095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. The aim of this work was to study and compare the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant properties of l-carnitine and captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Antioxidant enzyme activity/regulation (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) was measured in the erythrocytes and hearts of SHR. The molecular expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type I receptor (AT(1) receptor) and NF-kappaB/IkappaB system was also measured in the hearts of these animals. Both l-carnitine and captopril augmented the antioxidant defense capacity in SHRs. This effect was mediated by an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, an increase in the plasma total antioxidant capacity and a reduction of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production in the heart. The administration of both compounds to hypertensive animals also produced an upregulation of eNOS and a normalization of ACE, angiotensin AT(1) receptor, and the NF-kappaB/IkappaB system expression. In addition, captopril reduced the arterial blood pressure and the relative heart weights back to control values, whereas l-carnitine caused only a partial reduction of blood pressure values and did not alter the cardiac hypertrophy found in SHRs. In conclusion, we have found that l-carnitine and captopril have a similar antioxidant effect in the hearts of hypertensive rats. The molecular regulation of antioxidant enzymes through an inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and a modulation of the NF-kappaB/IkappaB system seems to be responsible for this antioxidant effect.
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Comparison of the effects of indapamide and captopril on the development of spontaneous hypertension. J Hypertens 2009; 27:S42-6. [PMID: 19633451 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000358837.64052.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic, and captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on spontaneous hypertension and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), nitric oxide generation and oxidant status were investigated. METHODS Six-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with indapamide (1 mg/kg per day) or captopril (10 mg/kg per day) or a combination of indapamide plus captopril. After the 6-week treatment, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, the expression of NOS isoform proteins, conjugated dienes concentration and relaxation responses of the femoral artery were analyzed. RESULTS Indapamide and captopril partly prevented a blood pressure increase in young SHR. Captopril in contrast to indapamide reduced LVH. The effect of the combined indapamide and captopril treatment on the prevention of hypertension was additive. Combined indapamide and captopril treatment increased NOS activity and endothelial NOS protein expression in the aorta and decreased conjugated dienes concentration in the kidney compared with the indapamide monotherapy group. Indapamide and indapamide and captopril treatment increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the femoral artery. CONCLUSION Whereas captopril reduced LVH, indapamide enhanced NOS activity and decreased oxidative damage in the case of the combined treatment. It is concluded that the complex protective effects of the combined indapamide plus captopril treatment on hypertension may be exerted via its effects on blood pressure, hypertrophy and vasorelaxation.
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Methylglyoxal contributes to the development of insulin resistance and salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1664-71. [PMID: 19531965 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832c419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methylglyoxal, a metabolite of the glycolysis pathway, may play an important role in the development of diabetes and hypertension, but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate whether methylglyoxal could directly induce insulin resistance and salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Rats were allocated to four groups: control (normal drinking water), 1% methylglyoxal in drinking water, 1% methylglyoxal plus N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (800 mg/kg per day), a methylglyoxal scavenger, or TM2002 (100 mg/kg per day), an advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) inhibitor. After 4-week treatment insulin resistance was evaluated by an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. In another set of rats, either a high-salt diet (4%) alone, standard rat chow with 1% methylglyoxal in drinking water or high-salt diet plus methylglyoxal was given for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure nitrotyrosine and methylglyoxal-induced AGEs, N-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL) in the kidney. RESULTS Four-week treatment with NAC or TM2002 completely improved methylglyoxal-induced insulin resistance. Co-administration of methylglyoxal and high-salt diet significantly increased systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, urinary thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances excretion and the renal nitrotyrosine expression in the kidney (markers of oxidative stress) compared with methylglyoxal or high-salt diet alone. Renal CEL was significantly increased in methylglyoxal-treated rats compared with nonmethylglyoxal-treated rats. CONCLUSION These results indicate that methylglyoxal-induced insulin resistance and salt sensitivity at least in part by increasing oxidative stress and/or AGEs formation in Sprague-Dawley rats. The present study provides further evidence for methylglyoxal as one of the causative factors in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Garnier A, Zoll J, Fortin D, N'Guessan B, Lefebvre F, Geny B, Mettauer B, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R. Control by Circulating Factors of Mitochondrial Function and Transcription Cascade in Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2009; 2:342-50. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.108.812099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Evidence is emerging to support the concept that the failing heart is “energy depleted” and that defects in energy metabolism are important determinants in the development and the progression of the disease. We have shown previously that depressed mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscles in chronic heart failure is linked to decreased expression of the gene encoding transcriptional proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, the inducible regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and its transcription cascade, leading to altered expression of mitochondrial proteins. However, oxidative capacity of the myocardium of patients treated for chronic heart failure and pathophysiological mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction are still largely unknown.
Methods and Results—
In patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, cardiac oxidative capacity, measured in saponin-permeabilized fibers, was 25% lower, and proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α protein content was 34% lower compared with nonfailing controls. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition therapy was only partially able to protect cardiac mitochondrial function and transcription cascade. Expression of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and its transcription cascade were evaluated after a 48-hour exposure of cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes to endothelin-1, angiotensin II, aldosterone, phenylephrine, or isoprenaline. Endothelin-1 (−30%) and, to a lesser degree, angiotensin II (−20%) decreased proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α mRNA content, whereas other hormones had no effect (phenylephrine) or even increased it (aldosterone, isoprenaline).
Conclusions—
Taken together, these results show that, despite angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition treatment, oxidative capacity is reduced in human and experimental heart failure and that endothelin-1 and angiotensin II could be involved in the downregulation of the mitochondrial transcription cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Garnier
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Fortin
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît N'Guessan
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bertrand Mettauer
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- From the INSERM (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), U-769, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Univ Paris-Sud (A.G., D.F., F.L., V.V., R.V.C.), IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France; and Département de Physiologie (J.Z., B.N., B.G., B.M.), CHRU, EA3072, Strasbourg, France
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Li H, Han W, Villar VAM, Keever LB, Lu Q, Hopfer U, Quinn MT, Felder RA, Jose PA, Yu P. D1-like receptors regulate NADPH oxidase activity and subunit expression in lipid raft microdomains of renal proximal tubule cells. Hypertension 2009; 53:1054-61. [PMID: 19380616 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent reactive oxygen species production is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that oxidase subunits are differentially regulated in renal proximal tubules from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Basal Nox2 and Nox4, but not Rac1, in immortalized renal proximal tubule cells and brush border membranes were greater in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. However, more Rac1 was expressed in lipid rafts in cells from hypertensive rats than in cells from normotensive rats; the converse was observed with Nox4, whereas Nox2 expression was similar. The D(1)-like receptor agonist fenoldopam decreased Nox2 and Rac1 protein in lipid rafts to a greater extent in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. Basal oxidase activity was 3-fold higher in hypertensive than in normotensive rats but was inhibited to a greater extent by fenoldopam in normotensive (58+/-3.3%) than in hypertensive rats (31+/-5.2%; P<0.05; n=6 per group). Fenoldopam decreased the amount of Nox2 that coimmunoprecipitated with p67(phox) in cells from normotensive rats. D(1)-like receptors may decrease oxidase activity by disrupting the distribution and assembly of oxidase subunits in cell membrane microdomains. The cholesterol-depleting reagent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin decreased oxidase activity and cholesterol content to a greater extent in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. The greater basal levels of Nox2 and Nox4 in cell membranes and Nox2 and Rac1 in lipid rafts in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats may explain the increased basal oxidase activity in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Li
- Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Treating hypertension while protecting the vulnerable islet in the cardiometabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2:239-66. [PMID: 20409906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, a multifactorial-polygenic disease, interacts with multiple environmental stressors and results in functional and structural changes in numerous end organs, including the cardiovascular system. This can result in coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, insulin resistance, and damage to the pancreatic islet. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for major health problems encountered in clinical practice. Whereas hypertension was once thought to be a medical condition based on discrete blood pressure readings, a new concept has emerged defining hypertension as part of a complex and progressive metabolic and cardiovascular disease, an important part of a cardiometabolic syndrome. The central role of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic signaling defects within tissues, and the role of enhanced tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity as it relates to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are emphasized. Additionally, this review focuses on the effect of hypertension on functional and structural changes associated with the vulnerable pancreatic islet. Various classes of antihypertensive drugs are reviewed, especially their roles in delaying or preventing damage to the vulnerable pancreatic islet, and thus delaying the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, and Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Health Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Welch WJ. Angiotensin II-dependent superoxide: effects on hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension 2008; 52:51-6. [PMID: 18474831 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J Welch
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Rd, Building D-395, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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