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Chen D, Li K, Wei LL, Ma N, McVey JH, Dorling A. Neointimal hyperplasia after endoluminal injury in mice is dependent on tissue factor- and angiopoietin-2 dependent interferon gamma production by fibrocytes and macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345199. [PMID: 38911855 PMCID: PMC11190261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The intimal hyperplasia (IH) and vascular remodelling that follows endovascular injury, for instance after post-angioplasty re-stenosis, results in downstream ischaemia and progressive end organ damage. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is known to play a critical role in this process. In mouse models we have previously shown that fibrocytes expressing tissue factor (TF) are recruited early to the site of injury. Through thrombin generation and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) activation, fibrocytes secrete angiopoietin-2, stimulate neointimal cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and induce CXCL-12 production, all of which contribute to the progressive IH that then develops. In this study we investigated the relationship between TF, angiopoietin-2 and IFNγ. Methods and results IH developing in carotid arteries of wild-type mice 4 weeks after endoluminal injury contained a significant proportion of IFNγ+ fibrocytes and macrophages, which we show, using a previously defined adoptive transfer model, were derived from circulating CD34+ cells. IH did not develop after injury in IFNγ-deficient mice, except after transplantation of WT bone marrow or adoptive transfer of WT CD34+ cells. In vitro, CD34+ cells isolated from post-injury mice did not express IFNγ, but this was induced when provided with FVIIa and FX, and enhanced when prothrombin was also provided: In both cases IFNγ secretion was TF-dependent and mediated mainly through protease activated PAR-1. IFNγ was predominantly expressed by fibrocytes. In vivo, all IFNγ+ neointimal cells in WT mice co-expressed angiopoietin-2, as did the small numbers of neointimal cells recruited in IFNγ-/- mice. Adoptively transferred WT CD34+ cells treated with either an anti-TIE-2 antibody, or with siRNA against angiopoetin-2 inhibited the expression of IFNγ and the development of IH. Conclusion TF-dependent angiopoietin-2 production by newly recruited fibrocytes, and to a lesser extent macrophages, switches on IFNγ expression, and this is necessary for the IH to develop. These novel findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of IH and expose potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Chen
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - John H. McVey
- School of Bioscience & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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He L, Gao K, Liu H, Wang J, Li X, He C. Smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor attenuates intimal hyperplasia via STAT1-KLF4 activation. Life Sci 2021:119651. [PMID: 34048810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia is a main contributor to in-stent restenosis. Previous researches have shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factor, plays a pathological role in intimal hyperplasia. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia remains unknown. METHODS We examined the distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries. Then, the role of IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia was detected using VSMC-specific IFN-γ receptor-knock out carotid ligation injury models. We performed immunostaining, transwell assay and EdU staining to identify the role of IFN-γ in VSMCs proliferation and migration. The effect of IFN-γ on VSMCs phenotype switching was also investigated. Finally, we evaluated whether the mechanism of IFN-γ on intimal hyperplasia is STAT1-KLF4 dependent. RESULTS The distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries with VSMC-rich neointima is eventually upregulated. Specific deletion of IFN-γ receptor exhibits thinner intima and lesser proliferating VSMCs. In vitro, treatment with IFN-γ promotes human aortic VSMC (HAVSMCs) proliferation and migration, whereas specifically knock out IFN-γ receptor results in the opposite effect. Deficiency of IFN-γ receptor regulates VSMCs phenotypic switching, such as upregulated contractile markers and downregulated proliferation markers. Mechanistic studies suggest that ablation of IFN-γ receptor prevents VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation via STAT1-KLF4 activation. CONCLUSION These results reveal that knockout of VSMC-derived IFN-γ receptor potentiates neointimal hyperplasia by preventing VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation. Our finding implies that targeting IFN-γ-STAT1-KLF4 signaling could provide a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate vessel restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Luo X, Yang D, Wu W, Long F, Xiao C, Qin M, Law BY, Suguro R, Xu X, Qu L, Liu X, Zhu YZ. Critical role of histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 in the regulation of neointima formation following vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1894-1906. [PMID: 29982434 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3), also called lysine specific demethylase 6B (KDM6b), is an inducible histone demethylase which plays an important role in many biological processes, however, its function in vascular remodelling remains unknown. We aim to demonstrate that JMJD3 mediates vascular neointimal hyperplasia following carotid injury, and proliferation and migration in platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and results By using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, our study provides the first evidence that JMJD3 controls PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, our in vivo mouse and rat intimal thickening models demonstrate that JMJD3 is a novel mediator of neointima formation based on its mediatory effects on VSMCs proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching. We further show that JMJD3 ablation by small interfering RNA or inhibitor GSK J4 can suppress the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), which is correlated with H3K27me3 enrichment around the gene promoters. Besides, deficiency of JMJD3 and Nox4 prohibits autophagic activation, and subsequently attenuates neointima and vascular remodelling following carotid injury. Above all, the increased expression of JMJD3 and Nox4 is further confirmed in human atherosclerotic arteries plaque specimens. Conclusions JMJD3 is a novel factor involved in vascular remodelling. Deficiency of JMJD3 reduces neointima formation after vascular injury by a mechanism that inhibits Nox4-autophagy signalling activation, and suggesting JMJD3 may serve as a perspective target for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - WeiJun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - ChenXi Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Betty YuenKwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research, Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Rinkiko Suguro
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - LeFeng Qu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - XinHua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research, Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Antonczyk A, Krist B, Sajek M, Michalska A, Piaszyk-Borychowska A, Plens-Galaska M, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Direct Inhibition of IRF-Dependent Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Associated With Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1176. [PMID: 31178872 PMCID: PMC6543449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of homologous proteins that regulate the transcription of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-induced gene expression. As such they are important modulating proteins in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IFN signaling pathways, which are vital elements of the innate immune system. IRFs have a multi-domain structure, with the N-terminal part acting as a DNA binding domain (DBD) that recognizes a DNA-binding motif similar to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). The C-terminal part contains the IRF-association domain (IAD), with which they can self-associate, bind to IRF family members or interact with other transcription factors. This complex formation is crucial for DNA binding and the commencing of target-gene expression. IRFs bind DNA and exert their activating potential as homo or heterodimers with other IRFs. Moreover, they can form complexes (e.g., with Signal transducers and activators of transcription, STATs) and collaborate with other co-acting transcription factors such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and PU.1. In time, more of these IRF co-activating mechanisms have been discovered, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Detailed knowledge of IRFs structure and activating mechanisms predisposes IRFs as potential targets for inhibition in therapeutic strategies connected to numerous immune system-originated diseases. Until now only indirect IRF modulation has been studied in terms of antiviral response regulation and cancer treatment, using mainly antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA knockdown strategies. However, none of these approaches so far entered clinical trials. Moreover, no direct IRF-inhibitory strategies have been reported. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the different IRF-mediated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and how they reflect the diverse functions of IRFs in homeostasis and in TLR and IFN signaling. Moreover, we present IRFs as promising inhibitory targets and propose a novel direct IRF-modulating strategy employing a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking to the IRF-DBD with in vitro validation of IRF inhibition. We hypothesize that our methodology will enable the efficient identification of IRF-specific and pan-IRF inhibitors that can be used for the treatment of IRF-dependent disorders and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antonczyk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bart Krist
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sajek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Piaszyk-Borychowska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Plens-Galaska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Vanin Activity Attenuates Transplant Vasculopathy in Rat Aortic Allografts. Transplantation 2017; 100:1656-66. [PMID: 27014792 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of transplant vasculopathy is a major cause of graft loss and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Previous studies in mice have indicated that vanin-1, a member of the vanin protein family with pantetheinase activity, is possibly involved in neointima formation. Here, we investigated if RR6, a recently developed vanin inhibitor, could attenuate development of transplant vasculopathy. METHODS Abdominal allogeneic aorta transplantation from Dark Agouti to Brown Norway rats was performed. Surface neointima was quantified 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation. Systemic vanin activity was measured, and allograft leukocyte infiltration, glutathione-synthesizing capacity, matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and neointimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the effects of RR6 on SMC proliferation (water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay) and cytokine-induced apoptosis (flow cytometry) were investigated. RESULTS RR6 treatment significantly reduced systemic pantetheinase activity during the 4-week follow-up period. RR6 attenuated neointima formation 4 weeks after transplantation. Neointimal SMC proliferation and medial SMC matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression were not altered by RR6. However, RR6 significantly reduced neointimal macrophage influx that was accompanied by increased GCLC messenger RNA expression. In vitro, RR6 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced SMC proliferation and protected SMCs from TNF-α-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological inhibition of vanin activity attenuates development of transplant vasculopathy. This was accompanied by reduced macrophage infiltration and increased glutathione-synthesizing capacity. In vitro, RR6 reduced SMC proliferation and apoptosis that was not confirmed in vivo. Further in-depth studies are warranted to reveal the underlying mechanism(s) of RR6-induced attenuation of transplant vasculopathy in vivo.
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Zhang Y, Li H. Reprogramming Interferon Regulatory Factor Signaling in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:210-223. [PMID: 28404737 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins expressed not only in immune cells but also in other tissues and organs outside the immune system. In this review, we discuss mechanisms responsible for IRF-mediated innate immune responses and the function and mechanism of IRFs in cardiometabolic diseases. We focus on the role of IRFs in innate immunity and cardiometabolic homeostasis, and highlight reprogrammed IRF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang K, Li W, Yu Q, Guo B, Yang B, Zhang C, Li M, Li J, Hu S, Zheng Q, Song Z. High Mobility Group Box 1 Mediates Interferon-γ-Induced Phenotypic Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:518-529. [PMID: 27579780 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic modulation of VSMCs is a key cellular event driving neointimal formation and vascular remodeling. As a multifaceted cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, IFN-γ has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular proliferative diseases. Although the important function of IFN-γ on regulating VSMC activation is well established, the molecular mechanisms by which elicits VSMC responses are poorly defined. Recent studies have identified HMGB1 as a principal effector to mediate IFN-γ-dependent biological functions in multiple cell types. Moreover, SIRT1 has emerged as a critical regulator of cellular processes through deacetylating multiple substrates, including HMGB1. Thus, we examined the role of IFN-γ on HMGB1 release, SIRT1 expression, and VSMC phenotypic modulation as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. We show that IFN-γ dose-dependently induces HMGB1 cytoplasmic accumulation and its active release from VSMCs, resulting in enhanced HMGB1 in the medium. Conversely, IFN-γ treatment led to a dramatic decrease in SIRT1 expression. Additionally, pretreatment with resveratrol, a selective SIRT1 activator, abrogated IFN-γ-induced HMGB1 translocation and its release. Moreover, IFN-γ stimulates VSMC phenotypic modulation to an activated synthetic state characterized by the repression of SMC differentiation markers such as SM22α and calponin and the increase in cell motility. In contrast, blocking HMGB1 release or activity by resveratrol and HMGB1-neutralizing antibody prevents IFN-γ-induced phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Overall, this study provides the first evidence showing that HMGB1 plays a critical role in regulating VSMC phenotypic modulation, suggesting that HMGB1 may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent vascular occlusive diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 518-529, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Bin Yang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Co-Innovation Center for Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15-Lipoxygenase-1 Is Involved in the Effects of Atorvastatin on Endothelial Dysfunction. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6769032. [PMID: 27594770 PMCID: PMC4995339 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6769032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins exert pleiotropic effects on endothelial cells in addition to lowering cholesterol. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15) has been implicated in vascular inflammation and disease. The relationship between atorvastatin and ALOX15 was investigated using a rat carotid artery balloon-injury model. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that ALOX15 overexpression increased the thickness of the intima-media (IMT). Immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that atorvastatin increased the expression of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) but decreased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); these effects of atorvastatin were blocked by ALOX15 overexpression. In human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs), silencing of ALOX15 enhanced the effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function. Expression levels of CAMs and Akt/eNOS/NO under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation were modulated by ALOX15 inhibitor and ALOX15 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Atorvastatin abolished the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) induced by ox-LDL. Exposure to ox-LDL induced upregulation of ALOX15 in HUVECs, but this effect was partially abolished by atorvastatin or the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). These results demonstrate that regulation of ALOX15 expression might be involved in the effects of atorvastatin on endothelial dysfunction.
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Martinez L, Gomez C, Vazquez-Padron RI. Age-related changes in monocytes exacerbate neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17054-64. [PMID: 25965835 PMCID: PMC4627291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of restenosis after endovascular interventions. It is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblast-like cells and extracellular matrix in the innermost layer of the wall and is exacerbated by inflammation. Monocytes from either young or aged rats were applied perivascularly to injured vascular walls of young recipient animals. Monocytes from aged rats, but not young donors, increased neointima thickness. Accordingly, the gene expression profiles of CD11b+ monocytes from aged rats showed significant up-regulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, lipid degradation, cytotoxicity, differentiation, and inflammation. These included cadherin 13 (Cdh13), colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (Cxcl1), endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (Esam), and interferon gamma (Ifng). In conclusion, our results suggest that the increased inflammatory and adhesive profile of monocytes contributes to pathological wall remodeling in aged-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camilo Gomez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Batchu SN, Xia J, Ko KA, Doyley MM, Abe JI, Morrell CN, Korshunov VA. Axl modulates immune activation of smooth muscle cells in vein graft remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1048-58. [PMID: 26276821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of the immune activation of smooth muscle cells are not well understood. Increased expression of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, was recently found in arteries from patients after coronary bypass grafts. In the present study, we hypothesized that Axl-dependent immune activation of smooth muscle cells regulates vein graft remodeling. We observed a twofold decrease in intimal thickening after vascular and systemic depletion of Axl in vein grafts. Local depletion of Axl had the greatest effect on immune activation, whereas systemic deletion of Axl reduced intima due to an increase in apoptosis in vein grafts. Primary smooth muscle cells isolated from Axl knockout mice had reduced proinflammatory responses by prevention of the STAT1 pathway. The absence of Axl increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 expression in smooth muscle cells, a major inhibitory protein for STAT1. Ultrasound imaging suggested that vascular depletion of Axl reduced vein graft stiffness. Axl expression determined the STAT1-SOCS1 balance in vein graft intima and progression of the remodeling. The results of this investigation demonstrate that Axl promotes STAT1 signaling via inhibition of SOCS1 in activated smooth muscle cells in vein graft remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri N Batchu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Jixiang Xia
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester and Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Vyacheslav A Korshunov
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York;
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11
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Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor signalings in cardiometabolic diseases. Hypertension 2015; 66:222-47. [PMID: 26077571 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.).
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Zhang XJ, Jiang DS, Li H. The interferon regulatory factors as novel potential targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5457-76. [PMID: 25131895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) consists of nine members (IRF1-IRF9) in mammals. They act as transcription factors for the interferons and thus exert essential regulatory functions in the immune system and in oncogenesis. Recent clinical and experimental studies have identified critically important roles of the IRFs in cardiovascular diseases, arising from their participation in divergent and overlapping molecular programmes beyond the immune response. Here we review the current knowledge of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of IRFs on the immune system. The role of IRFs and their potential molecular mechanisms as novel stress sensors and mediators of cardiovascular diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yu XH, Zhang J, Zheng XL, Yang YH, Tang CK. Interferon-γ in foam cell formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 441:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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TAVAKOLI NASIMNIK, HARRIS ANGIEK, SULLIVAN DAVIDR, HAMBLY BRETTD, BAO SHISAN. Interferon-γ deficiency reduces neointimal formation in a model of endoluminal endothelial injury combined with atherogenic diet. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:545-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Selective gene expression analysis of muscular and vascular components in hearts using laser microdissection method. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:863410. [PMID: 22778964 PMCID: PMC3384972 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The heart consists of various kinds of cell components. However, it has not been feasible to separately analyze the gene expression of individual components. The laser microdissection (LMD) method, a new technology to collect target cells from the microscopic regions, has been used for malignancies. We sought to establish a method to selectively collect the muscular and vascular regions from the heart sections and to compare the marker gene expressions with this method. Methods and Results. Frozen left ventricle sections were obtained from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) at 24 weeks of age. Using the LMD method, the muscular and vascular regions were selectively collected under microscopic guidance. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of cardiac myocytes, was expressed in the muscular samples, but not in the vascular samples, whereas α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of smooth muscle cells, was detected only in the vascular samples. Moreover, SHR-SP had significantly greater BNP upregulation than WKY (P < 0.05) in the muscular samples. Conclusions. The LMD method enabled us to separately collect the muscular and vascular samples from myocardial sections and to selectively evaluate mRNA expressions of the individual tissue component.
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Tsihlis ND, Kapadia MR, Vavra AK, Jiang Q, Fu B, Martinez J, Kibbe MR. Nitric oxide decreases activity and levels of the 11S proteasome activator PA28 in the vasculature. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Interference of IP-10 expression inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in carotid artery: a new insight in the prevention of restenosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62:125-35. [PMID: 21850543 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
After vascular angioplasty, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation causes atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia leading to restenosis. Interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 plays a role in atherogenesis, but the mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the role of IP-10 in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. IP-10 expression was determined in arterial specimens from 20 arteriosclerotic obliteration patients and 6 healthy individuals. VSMCs were stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and transfected with IP-10 siRNA. Silencing was verified with RT-PCR/Western blot; cell proliferation rate was detected by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium. The carotid artery model of atherosclerosis injury was established with IP-10 siRNA. IP-10 expression was detected at 1 and 4 weeks using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Artery morphology was assessed with hematoxylin-and-eosin staining, and intimal hyperplasia was evaluated by electron microscopy. IP-10 was overexpressed in arteriosclerotic obliteration group compared with control group (P < 0.05). IP-10 expression in transfected group was significantly lower than in untransfected group. The intima-to-media ratio of transfected group at 4 weeks was lower than that of untransfected group (P < 0.01). The transfected group exhibited more regular intimal structure and less hyperplasia under electron microscopy. We, therefore, concluded that IP-10 played an important role in intimal hyperplasia as siRNA-mediated IP-10 silencing inhibited aberrant VSMCs hyperplasia and reduced restenosis.
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Wu RSC, Huang CC, Pan CH, Wu KC, Chen CC, Liu SK, Tang CL, Wu CH. Total sleep deprivation augments balloon angioplasty-induced neointimal hyperplasia in rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1239-47. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Enhanced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats: a possible mechanism of diastolic dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:496-502. [PMID: 21248760 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is more prevalent in individuals with hypertension, particularly postmenopausal women; however, the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction remains unknown. Pressure overload activates cardiac inflammation, which induces myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in rats with a suprarenal aortic constriction (AC). Therefore, we examined the effects of bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) on left ventricle (LV) remodeling, diastolic dysfunction and cardiac inflammation in hypertensive female rats. Rats were randomized to OVX+AC, OVX and AC groups as well as a Control group receiving sham operations for both the procedures. Rats underwent OVX at 6 weeks and AC at 10 weeks (Day 0). At Day 28, OVX did not appear to affect arterial pressure, cardiac hypertrophy or LV fractional shortening in AC rats. However, OVX increased myocardial fibrosis, elevated LV end-diastolic pressure and reduced the transmitral Doppler spectra early to late filling velocity ratio in AC rats. AC-induced transient myocardial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and macrophage infiltration, both of which peaked at Day 3 and were augmented and prolonged by OVX. At Day 28, dihydroethidium staining revealed superoxide generation in the intramyocardial arterioles in the OVX+AC group but not in the AC group. NOX1, a functional subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, was upregulated only in the OVX+AC group at Day 28. Chronic 17β-estradiol replacement prevented the increases in macrophage infiltration, NOX1 upregulation, myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in OVX+AC rats. In conclusion, we suggest that estrogen deficiency augments cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress and thereby aggravates myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive female rats. The findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
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Simvastatin prevents large blood pressure variability induced aggravation of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats by inhibiting RhoA/Ras–ERK pathways. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:341-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schwaiberger AV, Heiss EH, Cabaravdic M, Oberan T, Zaujec J, Schachner D, Uhrin P, Atanasov AG, Breuss JM, Binder BR, Dirsch VM. Indirubin-3′-Monoxime Blocks Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling and Reduces Neointima Formation In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2475-81. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Schwaiberger
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Muris Cabaravdic
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Tina Oberan
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan Zaujec
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Daniel Schachner
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Bernd R. Binder
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
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Conrad MF, Kang J, Cambria RP, Brewster DC, Watkins MT, Kwolek CJ, LaMuraglia GM. Infrapopliteal balloon angioplasty for the treatment of chronic occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50:799-805.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kudo H, Kai H, Kajimoto H, Koga M, Takayama N, Mori T, Ikeda A, Yasuoka S, Anegawa T, Mifune H, Kato S, Hirooka Y, Imaizumi T. Exaggerated blood pressure variability superimposed on hypertension aggravates cardiac remodeling in rats via angiotensin II system-mediated chronic inflammation. Hypertension 2009; 54:832-8. [PMID: 19704105 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.135905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive patients with large blood pressure variability (BPV) have aggravated end-organ damage. However, the pathogenesis remains unknown. We investigated whether exaggerated BPV aggravates hypertensive cardiac remodeling and function by activating inflammation and angiotensin II-mediated mechanisms. A model of exaggerated BPV superimposed on chronic hypertension was created by performing bilateral sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SAD increased BPV to a similar extent in Wistar Kyoto rats and SHRs without significant changes in mean blood pressure. SAD aggravated left ventricular and myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis to a greater extent and impaired left ventricular systolic function in SHRs. SAD induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and angiotensinogen mRNA upregulations and macrophage infiltration of the heart in SHRs. The effects of SAD on cardiac remodeling and inflammation were much smaller in Wistar Kyoto rats compared with SHRs. Circulating levels of norepinephrine, the active form of renin, and inflammatory cytokines were not affected by SAD in Wistar Kyoto rats and SHRs. A subdepressor dose of candesartan abolished the SAD-induced left ventricular/myocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and inductions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and angiotensinogen and subsequently prevented systolic dysfunction in SHRs with SAD. These findings suggest that exaggerated BPV induces chronic myocardial inflammation and thereby aggravates cardiac remodeling and systolic function in hypertensive hearts. The cardiac angiotensin II system may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by a combination of hypertension and exaggerated BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Japan
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Fleenor BS, Bowles DK. Exercise training decreases the size and alters the composition of the neointima in a porcine model of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:937-45. [PMID: 19556453 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91444.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (EX) following percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) reduces progression to restenosis and increases event-free survival rates. Our aim was to determine whether EX inhibits lesion development and/or alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of the neointima (NI) in a porcine PTCA model. Miniature Yucatan swine were assigned to cage confinement (SED) or EX for 20 wk. After 16 wk, all animals underwent a PTCA procedure of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX), with subsequent placement of an externalized jugular catheter. Animals recovered for 2 days and then resumed the previous protocol of SED or EX. Twelve days following PTCA, all animals received an intravenous bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injection to label proliferating cells. At 28 days following PTCA, the animals were euthanized, the LAD and LCX excised, and underwent standard histological processing for total collagen, type I collagen, fibronectin, BrdU, and Verhoeff-van Gieson stain. Our results demonstrate that EX significantly decreased lesion size and NI proliferation (-48%) in the LAD (P < 0.05) but not the LCX. Furthermore, EX attenuated type I collagen expression only in LAD, whereas total collagen was increased (5.9%) and fibronectin was decreased (-7.9%) in the NI of both vessels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EX following PTCA may increase event-free survival rates following PTCA by decreasing lesion size and altering ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Fleenor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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HDAC2 deacetylates class II transactivator and suppresses its activity in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hlawaty H, San Juan A, Jacob MP, Vranckx R, Letourneur D, Feldman LJ. Local matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene knockdown in balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries using nonviral-small interfering RNA transfection. J Gene Med 2009; 11:92-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Murayama H, Takahashi M, Takamoto M, Shiba Y, Ise H, Koyama J, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Ikeda U. Deficiency of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in bone marrow cells synergistically inhibits neointimal formation following vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:175-80. [PMID: 18791204 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neointimal formation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), termed restenosis, limits therapeutic revascularization. Since it is now known that vascular injury involves an inflammatory response, we examined the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the neointimal formation after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Control (BALB/c), TNF-alpha-deficient (Tnf(-/-)), IFN-gamma-deficient (Ifng(-/-)), or double-deficient (Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-)) mice were subjected to wire-mediated vascular injury of the right femoral artery. Neointimal formation after injury was significantly reduced after the injury in the Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-) mice, compared to that in the control, Tnf(-/-), and Ifng(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were expressed in neointimal lesions in the control mice, but not in mice with deficiency of the corresponding cytokine. No significant difference in re-endothelialization was observed among these groups. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the neointimal lesions was significantly decreased in the Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-) mice. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that deficiency of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma specifically in bone marrow cells significantly inhibited neointimal formation after vascular injury. CONCLUSION The absence of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in bone marrow cells synergistically inhibits neointimal formation following vascular injury, and thus, may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying restenosis after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Murayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Koga M, Kai H, Egami K, Murohara T, Ikeda A, Yasuoka S, Egashira K, Matsuishi T, Kai M, Kataoka Y, Kuwano M, Imaizumi T. Mutant MCP-1 therapy inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of malignant melanoma in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 365:279-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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