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Doh CY, Schmidt AV, Chinthalapudi K, Stelzer JE. Bringing into focus the central domains C3-C6 of myosin binding protein C. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1370539. [PMID: 38487262 PMCID: PMC10937550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1370539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) is a multi-domain protein with each region having a distinct functional role in muscle contraction. The central domains of MyBPC have often been overlooked due to their unclear roles. However, recent research shows promise in understanding their potential structural and regulatory functions. Understanding the central region of MyBPC is important because it may have specialized function that can be used as drug targets or for disease-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution of our understanding of the central domains of MyBPC in regard to its domain structures, arrangement and dynamics, interaction partners, hypothesized functions, disease-causing mutations, and post-translational modifications. We highlight key research studies that have helped advance our understanding of the central region. Lastly, we discuss gaps in our current understanding and potential avenues to further research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yoon Doh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Schmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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2
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Burban A, Pucyło S, Sikora A, Opolski G, Grabowski M, Kołodzińska A. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy versus Storage Diseases with Myocardial Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13239. [PMID: 37686045 PMCID: PMC10488064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of heart failure is cardiomyopathies. Among them, the most common is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), characterized by thickening of the left ventricular muscle. This article focuses on HCM and other cardiomyopathies with myocardial hypertrophy, including Fabry disease, Pompe disease, and Danon disease. The genetics and pathogenesis of these diseases are described, as well as current and experimental treatment options, such as pharmacological intervention and the potential of gene therapies. Although genetic approaches are promising and have the potential to become the best treatments for these diseases, further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and safety. This article describes current knowledge and advances in the treatment of the aforementioned cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burban
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 81 Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Pucyło
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Sikora
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Kołodzińska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (A.B.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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3
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Pioner JM, Vitale G, Steczina S, Langione M, Margara F, Santini L, Giardini F, Lazzeri E, Piroddi N, Scellini B, Palandri C, Schuldt M, Spinelli V, Girolami F, Mazzarotto F, van der Velden J, Cerbai E, Tesi C, Olivotto I, Bueno-Orovio A, Sacconi L, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Regnier M, Poggesi C. Slower Calcium Handling Balances Faster Cross-Bridge Cycling in Human MYBPC3 HCM. Circ Res 2023; 132:628-644. [PMID: 36744470 PMCID: PMC9977265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of MYBPC3-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is still unresolved. In our HCM patient cohort, a large and well-characterized population carrying the MYBPC3:c772G>A variant (p.Glu258Lys, E258K) provides the unique opportunity to study the basic mechanisms of MYBPC3-HCM with a comprehensive translational approach. METHODS We collected clinical and genetic data from 93 HCM patients carrying the MYBPC3:c772G>A variant. Functional perturbations were investigated using different biophysical techniques in left ventricular samples from 4 patients who underwent myectomy for refractory outflow obstruction, compared with samples from non-failing non-hypertrophic surgical patients and healthy donors. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues (EHTs) were also investigated. RESULTS Haplotype analysis revealed MYBPC3:c772G>A as a founder mutation in Tuscany. In ventricular myocardium, the mutation leads to reduced cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin binding protein-C) expression, supporting haploinsufficiency as the main primary disease mechanism. Mechanical studies in single myofibrils and permeabilized muscle strips highlighted faster cross-bridge cycling, and higher energy cost of tension generation. A novel approach based on tissue clearing and advanced optical microscopy supported the idea that the sarcomere energetics dysfunction is intrinsically related with the reduction in cMyBP-C. Studies in single cardiomyocytes (native and hiPSC-derived), intact trabeculae and hiPSC-EHTs revealed prolonged action potentials, slower Ca2+ transients and preserved twitch duration, suggesting that the slower excitation-contraction coupling counterbalanced the faster sarcomere kinetics. This conclusion was strengthened by in silico simulations. CONCLUSIONS HCM-related MYBPC3:c772G>A mutation invariably impairs sarcomere energetics and cross-bridge cycling. Compensatory electrophysiological changes (eg, reduced potassium channel expression) appear to preserve twitch contraction parameters, but may expose patients to greater arrhythmic propensity and disease progression. Therapeutic approaches correcting the primary sarcomeric defects may prevent secondary cardiomyocyte remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology (J.M.P.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (S.S., M.R.)
| | - Marianna Langione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margara
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F. Margara, A.B.-O.)
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Giardini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Lazzeri
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, The Netherlands (M.S., J.v.d.V.)
| | - Valentina Spinelli
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Girolami
- Pediatric Cardiology (F. Girolami), IRCCS Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy (F. Mazzarotto)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (F. Mazzarotto)
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, The Netherlands (M.S., J.v.d.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiogenetics Unit (I.O.), IRCCS Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O.)
| | - Alfonso Bueno-Orovio
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F. Margara, A.B.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council, Florence, Italy (L. Sacconi)
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (L. Sacconi)
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (S.S., M.R.)
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
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Song T, Landim-Vieira M, Ozdemir M, Gott C, Kanisicak O, Pinto JR, Sadayappan S. Etiology of genetic muscle disorders induced by mutations in fast and slow skeletal MyBP-C paralogs. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:502-509. [PMID: 36854776 PMCID: PMC10073172 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, a highly complex muscle type in the eukaryotic system, is characterized by different muscle subtypes and functions associated with specific myosin isoforms. As a result, skeletal muscle is the target of numerous diseases, including distal arthrogryposes (DAs). Clinically, DAs are a distinct disorder characterized by variation in the presence of contractures in two or more distal limb joints without neurological issues. DAs are inherited, and up to 40% of patients with this condition have mutations in genes that encode sarcomeric protein, including myosin heavy chains, troponins, and tropomyosin, as well as myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC). Our research group and others are actively studying the specific role of MYBPC in skeletal muscles. The MYBPC family of proteins plays a critical role in the contraction of striated muscles. More specifically, three paralogs of the MYBPC gene exist, and these are named after their predominant expression in slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac muscle as sMyBP-C, fMyBP-C, and cMyBP-C, respectively, and encoded by the MYBPC1, MYBPC2, and MYBPC3 genes, respectively. Although the physiology of various types of skeletal muscle diseases is well defined, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathological regulation of DAs remains to be elucidated. In this review article, we aim to highlight recent discoveries involving the role of skeletal muscle-specific sMyBP-C and fMyBP-C as well as their expression profile, localization in the sarcomere, and potential role(s) in regulating muscle contractility. Thus, this review provides an overall summary of MYBPC skeletal paralogs, their potential roles in skeletal muscle function, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Caroline Gott
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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5
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Chalovich JM, Zhu L, Johnson D. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations of Troponin Reveal Details of Striated Muscle Regulation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902079. [PMID: 35694406 PMCID: PMC9178916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle contraction is inhibited by the actin associated proteins tropomyosin, troponin T, troponin I and troponin C. Binding of Ca2+ to troponin C relieves this inhibition by changing contacts among the regulatory components and ultimately repositioning tropomyosin on the actin filament creating a state that is permissive for contraction. Several lines of evidence suggest that there are three possible positions of tropomyosin on actin commonly called Blocked, Closed/Calcium and Open or Myosin states. These states are thought to correlate with different functional states of the contractile system: inactive-Ca2+-free, inactive-Ca2+-bound and active. The inactive-Ca2+-free state is highly occupied at low free Ca2+ levels. However, saturating Ca2+ produces a mixture of inactive and active states making study of the individual states difficult. Disease causing mutations of troponin, as well as phosphomimetic mutations change the stabilities of the states of the regulatory complex thus providing tools for studying individual states. Mutants of troponin are available to stabilize each of three structural states. Particular attention is given to the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing mutation, Δ14 of TnT, that is missing the last 14 C-terminal residues of cardiac troponin T. Removal of the basic residues in this region eliminates the inactive-Ca2+-free state. The major state occupied with Δ14 TnT at inactivating Ca2+ levels resembles the inactive-Ca2+-bound state in function and in displacement of TnI from actin-tropomyosin. Addition of Ca2+, with Δ14TnT, shifts the equilibrium between the inactive-Ca2+-bound and the active state to favor that latter state. These mutants suggest a unique role for the C-terminal region of Troponin T as a brake to limit Ca2+ activation.
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6
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Touma AM, Tang W, Rasicci DV, Vang D, Rai A, Previs SB, Warshaw DM, Yengo CM, Sivaramakrishnan S. Nanosurfer Assay Dissects β-Cardiac Myosin and Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Interactions. Biophys J 2022; 121:2449-2460. [PMID: 35591788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) modulates cardiac contractility through putative interactions with the myosin S2 tail and/or the thin filament. The relative contribution of these binding-partner interactions to cMyBP-C modulatory function remains unclear. Hence, we developed a "nanosurfer" assay as a model system to interrogate these cMyBP-C binding-partner interactions. Synthetic thick filaments were generated using recombinant human β-cardiac myosin subfragments (HMM or S1) attached to DNA nanotubes, with 14 or 28 nm spacing, corresponding to the 14.3 nm myosin spacing in native thick filaments. The nanosurfer assay consists of DNA nanotubes added to the in vitro motility assay so that myosins on the motility surface effectively deliver thin filaments to the DNA nanotubes, enhancing thin filament gliding probability on the DNA nanotubes. Thin filament velocities on nanotubes with either 14 or 28 nm myosin spacing were no different. We then characterized the effects of cMyBP-C on thin filament motility by alternating HMM and cMyBP-C N-terminal fragments (C0-C2 or C1-C2) on nanotubes every 14 nm. Both C0-C2 and C1-C2 reduced thin filament velocity 4-6 fold relative to HMM alone. Similar inhibition occurred using the myosin S1 construct, which lacks the myosin S2 region proposed to interact with cMyBP-C, suggesting that the cMyBP-C N-terminus must interact with other myosin head domains and/or actin to slow thin filament velocity. Thin filament velocity was unaffected by the C0-C1f fragment, which lacks the majority of the M-domain, supporting the importance of this domain for inhibitory interaction(s). A C0-C2 fragment with phosphomimetic replacement in the M-domain showed markedly less inhibition of thin filament velocity compared to its phosphonull counterpart, highlighting the modulatory role of M-domain phosphorylation on cMyBP-C function. Therefore, the nanosurfer assay provides a platform to precisely manipulate spatially dependent cMyBP-C binding partner interactions, shedding light on the molecular regulation of β-cardiac myosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Touma
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wanjian Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David V Rasicci
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Duha Vang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ashim Rai
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha B Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Christopher M Yengo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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7
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Hou L, Kumar M, Anand P, Chen Y, El-Bizri N, Pickens CJ, Seganish WM, Sadayappan S, Swaminath G. Modulation of myosin by cardiac myosin binding protein-C peptides improves cardiac contractility in ex-vivo experimental heart failure models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4337. [PMID: 35288601 PMCID: PMC8921245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is an important regulator of sarcomeric function. Reduced phosphorylation of cMyBP-C has been linked to compromised contractility in heart failure patients. Here, we used previously published cMyBP-C peptides 302A and 302S, surrogates of the regulatory phosphorylation site serine 302, as a tool to determine the effects of modulating the dephosphorylation state of cMyBP-C on cardiac contraction and relaxation in experimental heart failure (HF) models in vitro. Both peptides increased the contractility of papillary muscle fibers isolated from a mouse model expressing cMyBP-C phospho-ablation (cMyBP-CAAA) constitutively. Peptide 302A, in particular, could also improve the force redevelopment rate (ktr) in papillary muscle fibers from cMyBP-CAAA (nonphosphorylated alanines) mice. Consistent with the above findings, both peptides increased ATPase rates in myofibrils isolated from rats with myocardial infarction (MI), but not from sham rats. Furthermore, in the cMyBP-CAAA mouse model, both peptides improved ATPase hydrolysis rates. These changes were not observed in non-transgenic (NTG) mice or sham rats, indicating the specific effects of these peptides in regulating the dephosphorylation state of cMyBP-C under the pathological conditions of HF. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that modulation of cMyBP-C dephosphorylation state can be a therapeutic approach to improve myosin function, sarcomere contractility and relaxation after an adverse cardiac event. Therefore, targeting cMyBP-C could potentially improve overall cardiac performance as a complement to standard-care drugs in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqia Hou
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Priti Anand
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yinhong Chen
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Nesrine El-Bizri
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chad J Pickens
- Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - W Michael Seganish
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Gayathri Swaminath
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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8
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Singh RR, McNamara JW, Sadayappan S. Mutations in myosin S2 alter cardiac myosin-binding protein-C interaction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100836. [PMID: 34051236 PMCID: PMC8239744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiovascular disorder primarily caused by mutations in the β-myosin heavy-chain gene. The proximal subfragment 2 region (S2), 126 amino acids of myosin, binds with the C0-C2 region of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C to regulate cardiac muscle contractility in a manner dependent on PKA-mediated phosphorylation. However, it is unknown if HCM-associated mutations within S2 dysregulate actomyosin dynamics by disrupting its interaction with C0-C2, ultimately leading to HCM. Herein, we study three S2 mutations known to cause HCM: R870H, E924K, and E930Δ. First, experiments using recombinant proteins, solid-phase binding, and isothermal titrating calorimetry assays independently revealed that mutant S2 proteins displayed significantly reduced binding with C0-C2. In addition, CD revealed greater instability of the coiled-coil structure in mutant S2 proteins compared with S2Wt proteins. Second, mutant S2 exhibited 5-fold greater affinity for PKA-treated C0-C2 proteins. Third, skinned papillary muscle fibers treated with mutant S2 proteins showed no change in the rate of force redevelopment as a measure of actin–myosin cross-bridge kinetics, whereas S2Wt showed increased the rate of force redevelopment. In summary, S2 and C0-C2 interaction mediated by phosphorylation is altered by mutations in S2, which augment the speed and force of contraction observed in HCM. Modulating this interaction could be a potential strategy to treat HCM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit R Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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9
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Xin JW, Chai ZX, Zhang CF, Yang YM, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Cao HW, YangJi C, Zhong JC, Ji QM. Comparative Analysis of Skeleton Muscle Proteome Profile between Yak and Cattle Provides Insight into High-Altitude Adaptation. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666200127151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high-altitude environments have
been investigated at the levels of morphology, anatomy, physiology, genome and transcriptome, but
have not been explored at the proteome level.
Objective:
The protein profiles were compared between yak and cattle to explore molecular mechanisms
underlying yak adaptation to high altitude conditions.
Methods:
In the present study, an antibody microarray chip was developed, which included 6,500
mouse monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed on 12
selected antibodies which showed that the chip was highly specific. Using this chip, muscle tissue proteome
was compared between yak and cattle, and 12 significantly Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs)
between yak and cattle were identified. Their expression levels were validated using Western blot.
Results:
ompared with cattle, higher levels of Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein (RISP), Cytochrome C oxidase
subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial (COX4I1), ATP synthase F1 subunit beta (ATP5F1B), Sarcoplasmic/
Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase1 (SERCA1) and Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase1
(AMPD1) in yak might improve oxygen utilization and energy metabolism. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
protein X component (PDHX) and Acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex (DLAT) showed higher expression levels and L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (LDHA)
showed lower expression level in yak, which might help yak reduce the accumulation of lactic acid. In
addition, higher expression levels of Filamin C (FLNC) and low levels of AHNAK and Four and a half
LIM domains 1 (FHL1) in yak might reduce the risks of pulmonary arteries vasoconstriction, remodeling
and hypertension.
Conclusion:
Overall, the present study reported the differences in protein profile between yak and cattle,
which might be helpful to further understand molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to
high altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Han-Wen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Cidan YangJi
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Mei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
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10
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Harris SP. Making waves: A proposed new role for myosin-binding protein C in regulating oscillatory contractions in vertebrate striated muscle. J Gen Physiol 2020; 153:211574. [PMID: 33275758 PMCID: PMC7721898 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a critical regulator of muscle performance that was first identified through its strong binding interactions with myosin, the force-generating protein of muscle. Almost simultaneously with its discovery, MyBP-C was soon found to bind to actin, the physiological catalyst for myosin’s activity. However, the two observations posed an apparent paradox, in part because interactions of MyBP-C with myosin were on the thick filament, whereas MyBP-C interactions with actin were on the thin filament. Despite the intervening decades since these initial discoveries, it is only recently that the dual binding modes of MyBP-C are becoming reconciled in models that place MyBP-C at a central position between actin and myosin, where MyBP-C alternately stabilizes a newly discovered super-relaxed state (SRX) of myosin on thick filaments in resting muscle and then prolongs the “on” state of actin on thin filaments in active muscle. Recognition of these dual, alternating functions of MyBP-C reveals how it is central to the regulation of both muscle contraction and relaxation. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to briefly summarize the roles of MyBP-C in binding to myosin and actin and then to highlight a possible new role for MyBP-C in inducing and damping oscillatory waves of contraction and relaxation. Because the contractile waves bear similarity to cycles of contraction and relaxation in insect flight muscles, which evolved for fast, energetically efficient contraction, the ability of MyBP-C to damp so-called spontaneous oscillatory contractions (SPOCs) has broad implications for previously unrecognized regulatory mechanisms in vertebrate striated muscle. While the molecular mechanisms by which MyBP-C can function as a wave maker or a wave breaker are just beginning to be explored, it is likely that MyBP-C dual interactions with both myosin and actin will continue to be important for understanding the new functions of this enigmatic protein.
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11
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Main A, Fuller W, Baillie GS. Post-translational regulation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C: A graphical review. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Li J, Mamidi R, Doh CY, Holmes JB, Bharambe N, Ramachandran R, Stelzer JE. AAV9 gene transfer of cMyBPC N-terminal domains ameliorates cardiomyopathy in cMyBPC-deficient mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130182. [PMID: 32750038 PMCID: PMC7526450 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBPC) expression due to inheritable mutations is thought to contribute to the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype, suggesting that increasing cMyBPC content is of therapeutic benefit. In vitro assays show that cMyBPC N-terminal domains (NTDs) contain structural elements necessary and sufficient to modulate actomyosin interactions, but it is unknown if they can regulate in vivo myocardial function. To test whether NTDs can recapitulate the effects of full-length (FL) cMyBPC in rescuing cardiac function in a cMyBPC-null mouse model of HCM, we assessed the efficacy of AAV9 gene transfer of a cMyBPC NTD that contained domains C0C2 and compared its therapeutic potential with AAV9-FL gene replacement. AAV9 vectors were administered systemically at neonatal day 1, when early-onset disease phenotypes begin to manifest. A comprehensive analysis of in vivo and in vitro function was performed following cMyBPC gene transfer. Our results show that a systemic injection of AAV9-C0C2 significantly improved cardiac function (e.g., 52.24 ± 1.69 ejection fraction in the C0C2-treated group compared with 40.07 ± 1.97 in the control cMyBPC–/– group, P < 0.05) and reduced the histopathologic signs of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, C0C2 significantly slowed and normalized the accelerated cross-bridge kinetics found in cMyBPC–/– control myocardium, as evidenced by a 32.41% decrease in the rate of cross-bridge detachment (krel). Results indicate that C0C2 can rescue biomechanical defects of cMyBPC deficiency and that the NTD may be a target region for therapeutic myofilament kinetic manipulation. Cardiac function improves following AAV9-mediated delivery of the C0C2 domains of cardiac myosin-binding protein C in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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13
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Site-specific phosphorylation of myosin binding protein-C coordinates thin and thick filament activation in cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15485-15494. [PMID: 31308242 PMCID: PMC6681757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903033116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a key regulator of myocardial contractility, and dephosphorylation of cMyBP-C is associated with heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying contractile regulation by cMyBP-C phosphorylation are poorly understood. We describe the kinase specificity of the multiple phosphorylation sites on cMyBP-C and show that they are interdependent and have distinct effects on the structure of the thin and thick filaments. The results lead to a model of regulation by cMyBP-C phosphorylation through altered affinity of cMyBP-C’s N terminus for thin and thick filaments, as well as their structures and associated regulatory states. Impairment of these mechanisms is likely to underlie the functional effects of mutations in filament proteins associated with cardiomyopathy. The heart’s response to varying demands of the body is regulated by signaling pathways that activate protein kinases which phosphorylate sarcomeric proteins. Although phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) has been recognized as a key regulator of myocardial contractility, little is known about its mechanism of action. Here, we used protein kinase A (PKA) and Cε (PKCε), as well as ribosomal S6 kinase II (RSK2), which have different specificities for cMyBP-C’s multiple phosphorylation sites, to show that individual sites are not independent, and that phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is controlled by positive and negative regulatory coupling between those sites. PKA phosphorylation of cMyBP-C’s N terminus on 3 conserved serine residues is hierarchical and antagonizes phosphorylation by PKCε, and vice versa. In contrast, RSK2 phosphorylation of cMyBP-C accelerates PKA phosphorylation. We used cMyBP-C’s regulatory N-terminal domains in defined phosphorylation states for protein–protein interaction studies with isolated cardiac native thin filaments and the S2 domain of cardiac myosin to show that site-specific phosphorylation of this region of cMyBP-C controls its interaction with both the actin-containing thin and myosin-containing thick filaments. We also used fluorescence probes on the myosin-associated regulatory light chain in the thick filaments and on troponin C in the thin filaments to monitor structural changes in the myofilaments of intact heart muscle cells associated with activation of myocardial contraction by the N-terminal region of cMyBP-C in its different phosphorylation states. Our results suggest that cMyBP-C acts as a sarcomeric integrator of multiple signaling pathways that determines downstream physiological function.
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14
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Spudich JA. Three perspectives on the molecular basis of hypercontractility caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:701-717. [PMID: 30767072 PMCID: PMC6475635 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the primary effect of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in human β-cardiac myosin is hypercontractility of the heart, which leads to subsequent hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myofilament disarray. Here, I describe three perspectives on the molecular basis of this hypercontractility. The first is that hypercontractility results from changes in the fundamental parameters of the actin-activated β-cardiac myosin chemo-mechanical ATPase cycle. The second considers that hypercontractility results from an increase in the number of functionally accessible heads in the sarcomere for interaction with actin. The final and third perspective is that load dependence of contractility is affected by cardiomyopathy mutations and small-molecule effectors in a manner that changes the power output of cardiac contraction. Experimental approaches associated with each perspective are described along with concepts of therapeutic approaches that could prove valuable in treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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15
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O'Leary TS, Snyder J, Sadayappan S, Day SM, Previs MJ. MYBPC3 truncation mutations enhance actomyosin contractile mechanics in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:165-173. [PMID: 30550750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Truncation mutations in the MYBPC3 gene, encoding for cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C), are the leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Whole heart, fiber and molecular studies demonstrate that MyBP-C is a potent modulator of cardiac contractility, but how these mutations contribute to HCM is unresolved. OBJECTIVES To readdress whether MYBPC3 truncation mutations result in loss of MyBP-C content and/or the expression of truncated MyBP-C from the mutant allele and determine how these mutations effect myofilament sliding in human myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Septal wall tissue samples were obtained from HCM patients undergoing myectomy (n = 18) and donor controls (n = 8). The HCM samples contained 40% less MyBP-C and reduced levels of MyBP-C phosphorylation, when compared to the donor control samples using quantitative mass spectrometry. These differences occurred in the absence of changes in the stoichiometry of other myofilament proteins or production of truncated MyBP-C from the mutant MYBPC3 allele. The functional impact of MYBPC3 truncation mutations on myofilament sliding was determined using a total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) single particle assay. Myosin-thick filaments containing their native complement of MyBP-C, and actin-thin filaments decorated with the troponin/tropomyosin calcium regulatory proteins, were isolated from a subgroup of the HCM (n = 4) and donor (n = 5) heart samples. The maximal sliding velocity of native thin filaments was enhanced within the C-zones of the native thick filaments isolated from the HCM samples, when compared to velocity within the C-zones of thick filaments isolated from the donor samples. Analytical modeling demonstrated that the 40% reduction in MyBP-C content was sufficient to enhance the myofilament sliding velocity, as observed in the TIRFM assay. CONCLUSIONS HCM-causing MYBPC3 truncation mutations result in a loss of MyBP-C content that enhances maximal myofilament sliding velocities, only where MyBP-C is localized within the C-zone. These findings support therapeutic rationale for restoring normal levels of MyBP-C and/or dampening maximal contractile velocities for the treatment of human HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S O'Leary
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Julia Snyder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
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16
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Chakouri N, Reboul C, Boulghobra D, Kleindienst A, Nottin S, Gayrard S, Roubille F, Matecki S, Lacampagne A, Cazorla O. Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation and phosphorylation crosstalk in cardiac sarcomeric proteins - Impact on heart function. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:207-216. [PMID: 29544934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between oxidative stress and other signaling pathways in the contractile machinery regulation during cardiac stress and its consequences on cardiac function remains poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of the crosstalk between β-adrenergic and redox signaling on post-translational modifications of sarcomeric regulatory proteins, Myosin Binding Protein-C (MyBP-C) and Troponin I (TnI). METHODS AND RESULTS We mimicked in vitro high level of physiological cardiac stress by forcing rat hearts to produce high levels of oxidized glutathione. This led to MyBP-C S-glutathionylation associated with lower protein kinase A (PKA) dependent phosphorylations of MyBP-C and TnI, increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, and decreased systolic and diastolic properties of the isolated perfused heart. Moderate physiological cardiac stress achieved in vivo with a single 35 min exercise (Low stress induced by exercise, LSE) increased TnI and cMyBP-C phosphorylations and improved cardiac function in vivo (echocardiography) and ex-vivo (isolated perfused heart). High stress induced by exercise (HSE) altered strongly oxidative stress markers and phosphorylations were unchanged despite increased PKA activity. HSE led to in vivo intrinsic cardiac dysfunction associated with myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity defects. To limit protein S-glutathionylation after HSE, we treated rats with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC restored the ability of PKA to modulate myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and prevented cardiac dysfunction observed in HSE animals. CONCLUSION Under cardiac stress, adrenergic and oxidative signaling pathways work in concert to alter myofilament properties and are key regulators of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Chakouri
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- EA 4278, Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Doria Boulghobra
- EA 4278, Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Adrien Kleindienst
- EA 4278, Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- EA 4278, Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Sandrine Gayrard
- EA 4278, Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - François Roubille
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Li M, Andersson-Lendahl M, Sejersen T, Arner A. Knockdown of fast skeletal myosin-binding protein C in zebrafish results in a severe skeletal myopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:309-22. [PMID: 27022191 PMCID: PMC4810067 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MyBPC: A muscle protein for all seasons. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) in the muscle sarcomere interacts with several contractile and structural proteins. Mutations in the cardiac isoform (MyBPC-3) in humans, or animal knockout, are associated with cardiomyopathy. Function of the fast skeletal isoform (MyBPC-2) in living muscles is less understood. This question was addressed using zebrafish models, combining gene expression data with functional analysis of contractility and small-angle x-ray diffraction measurements of filament structure. Fast skeletal MyBPC-2B, the major isoform, was knocked down by >50% using morpholino antisense nucleotides. These morphants exhibited a skeletal myopathy with elevated apoptosis and up-regulation of factors associated with muscle protein degradation. Morphant muscles had shorter sarcomeres with a broader length distribution, shorter actin filaments, and a wider interfilament spacing compared with controls, suggesting that fast skeletal MyBPC has a role in sarcomere assembly. Active force was reduced more than expected from the decrease in muscle size, suggesting that MyBPC-2 is required for optimal force generation at the cross-bridge level. The maximal shortening velocity was significantly increased in the MyBPC-2 morphants, but when related to the sarcomere length, the difference was smaller, reflecting that the decrease in MyBPC-2B content and the resulting myopathy were accompanied by only a minor influence on filament shortening kinetics. In the controls, equatorial patterns from small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that comparatively few cross-bridges are attached (as evaluated by the intensity ratio of the 11 and 10 equatorial reflections) during active contraction. X-ray scattering data from relaxed and contracting morphants were not significantly different from those in controls. However, the increase in the 11:10 intensity ratio in rigor was lower compared with that in controls, possibly reflecting effects of MyBPC on the cross-bridge interactions. In conclusion, lack of MyBPC-2 results in a severe skeletal myopathy with structural changes and muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Andersson-Lendahl
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Spudich JA, Aksel T, Bartholomew SR, Nag S, Kawana M, Yu EC, Sarkar SS, Sung J, Sommese RF, Sutton S, Cho C, Adhikari AS, Taylor R, Liu C, Trivedi D, Ruppel KM. Effects of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy mutations on power output by human β-cardiac myosin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:161-7. [PMID: 26792326 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most frequently occurring inherited cardiovascular disease, with a prevalence of more than one in 500 individuals worldwide. Genetically acquired dilated cardiomyopathy is a related disease that is less prevalent. Both are caused by mutations in the genes encoding the fundamental force-generating protein machinery of the cardiac muscle sarcomere, including human β-cardiac myosin, the motor protein that powers ventricular contraction. Despite numerous studies, most performed with non-human or non-cardiac myosin, there is no clear consensus about the mechanism of action of these mutations on the function of human β-cardiac myosin. We are using a recombinantly expressed human β-cardiac myosin motor domain along with conventional and new methodologies to characterize the forces and velocities of the mutant myosins compared with wild type. Our studies are extending beyond myosin interactions with pure actin filaments to include the interaction of myosin with regulated actin filaments containing tropomyosin and troponin, the roles of regulatory light chain phosphorylation on the functions of the system, and the possible roles of myosin binding protein-C and titin, important regulatory components of both cardiac and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tural Aksel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sadie R Bartholomew
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suman Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Masataka Kawana
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Choe Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Saswata S Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jongmin Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruth F Sommese
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shirley Sutton
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carol Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arjun S Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Darshan Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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19
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Krishnamoorthy N, Gajendrarao P, Olivotto I, Yacoub M. Impact of disease-causing mutations on inter-domain interactions in cMyBP-C: a steered molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1916-1922. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1199329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Poornima Gajendrarao
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Referral Centre for Myocardial Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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The myosin mesa and a possible unifying hypothesis for the molecular basis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:64-72. [PMID: 25619247 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
No matter how many times one explores the structure of the myosin molecule, there is always something new to discover. Here, I describe the myosin mesa, a structural feature of the motor domain that has the characteristics of a binding domain for another protein, possibly myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). Interestingly, many well-known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mutations lie along this surface and may affect the putative interactions proposed here. A potential unifying hypothesis for the molecular basis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is discussed here. It involves increased power output of the cardiac muscle as a result of HCM mutations causing the release of inhibition by myosin binding protein C.
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21
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Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) in cardiac pathophysiology. Gene 2015; 573:188-97. [PMID: 26358504 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 350 individual MYPBC3 mutations have been identified in patients with inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), thus representing 40–50% of all HCM mutations, making it the most frequently mutated gene in HCM. HCM is considered a disease of the sarcomere and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, myocyte disarray and diastolic dysfunction. MYBPC3 encodes for the thick filament associated protein cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a signaling node in cardiac myocytes that contributes to the maintenance of sarcomeric structure and regulation of contraction and relaxation. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of how mutations in MYBPC3 are considered to affect the physiological function of cMyBP-C, thus causing the deleterious consequences observed inHCM patients. Importantly, recent advances to causally treat HCM by repairing MYBPC3 mutations by gene therapy are discussed here, providing a promising alternative to heart transplantation for patients with a fatal form of neonatal cardiomyopathy due to bi-allelic truncating MYBPC3 mutations.
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22
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Ishikawa T, Jou CJ, Nogami A, Kowase S, Arrington CB, Barnett SM, Harrell DT, Arimura T, Tsuji Y, Kimura A, Makita N. Novel mutation in the α-myosin heavy chain gene is associated with sick sinus syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:400-8. [PMID: 25717017 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies have demonstrated an association between MYH6, the gene encoding α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), and sinus node function in the general population. Moreover, a rare MYH6 variant, R721W, predisposing susceptibility to sick sinus syndrome has been identified. However, the existence of disease-causing MYH6 mutations for familial sick sinus syndrome and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened 9 genotype-negative probands with sick sinus syndrome families for mutations in MYH6 and identified an in-frame 3-bp deletion predicted to delete one residue (delE933) at the highly conserved coiled-coil structure within the binding motif to myosin-binding protein C in one patient. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed enhanced binding of delE933 α-MHC to myosin-binding protein C. Irregular fluorescent speckles retained in the cytoplasm with substantially disrupted sarcomere striation were observed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes transfected with α-MHC mutants carrying delE933 or R721W. In addition to the sarcomere impairments, delE933 α-MHC exhibited electrophysiological abnormalities both in vitro and in vivo. The atrial cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 stably expressing delE933 α-MHC showed a significantly slower conduction velocity on multielectrode array than those of wild-type α-MHC or control plasmid transfected cells. Furthermore, targeted morpholino knockdown of MYH6 in zebrafish significantly reduced the heart rate, which was rescued by coexpressed wild-type human α-MHC but not by delE933 α-MHC. CONCLUSIONS The novel MYH6 mutation delE933 causes both structural damage of the sarcomere and functional impairments on atrial action propagation. This report reinforces the relevance of MYH6 for sinus node function and identifies a novel pathophysiology underlying familial sick sinus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Ishikawa
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Chuanchau J Jou
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Shinya Kowase
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Cammon B Arrington
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Spencer M Barnett
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Daniel T Harrell
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Takuro Arimura
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Yukiomi Tsuji
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Akinori Kimura
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.).
| | - Naomasa Makita
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki (T.I., D.T.H., Y.T., N.M.); Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (T.I., T.A., A.K.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.J.J., C.B.A., S.M.B.); Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (A.N.); Department of Heart Rhythm Management, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama (A.N., S.K.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (T.A.).
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23
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Kuster DWD, Govindan S, Springer TI, Martin JL, Finley NL, Sadayappan S. A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated MYBPC3 mutation common in populations of South Asian descent causes contractile dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5855-67. [PMID: 25583989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) results from mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, most often MYBPC3, which encodes cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). A recently discovered HCM-associated 25-base pair deletion in MYBPC3 is inherited in millions worldwide. Although this mutation causes changes in the C10 domain of cMyBP-C (cMyBP-C(C10mut)), which binds to the light meromyosin (LMM) region of the myosin heavy chain, the underlying molecular mechanism causing HCM is unknown. In this study, adenoviral expression of cMyBP-C(C10mut) in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes was used to investigate protein localization and evaluate contractile function and Ca(2+) transients, compared with wild-type cMyBP-C expression (cMyBP-C(WT)) and controls. Forty-eight hours after infection, 44% of cMyBP-C(WT) and 36% of cMyBP-C(C10mut) protein levels were determined in total lysates, confirming equal expression. Immunofluorescence experiments showed little or no localization of cMyBP-C(C10mut) to the C-zone, whereas cMyBP-C(WT) mostly showed C-zone staining, suggesting that cMyBP-C(C10mut) could not properly integrate in the C-zone of the sarcomere. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that most cMyBP-C(C10mut) resided in the soluble fraction, with reduced presence in the myofilament fraction. Also, cMyBP-C(C10mut) displayed significantly reduced fractional shortening, sarcomere shortening, and relaxation velocities, apparently caused by defects in sarcomere function, because Ca(2+) transients were unaffected. Co-sedimentation and protein cross-linking assays confirmed that C10(mut) causes the loss of C10 domain interaction with myosin LMM. Protein homology modeling studies showed significant structural perturbation in cMyBP-C(C10mut), providing a potential structural basis for the alteration in its mode of interaction with myosin LMM. Therefore, expression of cMyBP-C(C10mut) protein is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik W D Kuster
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | - Suresh Govindan
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | | | - Jody L Martin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | - Natosha L Finley
- the Department of Microbiology and the Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
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24
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Previs MJ, Prosser BL, Mun JY, Previs SB, Gulick J, Lee K, Robbins J, Craig R, Lederer WJ, Warshaw DM. Myosin-binding protein C corrects an intrinsic inhomogeneity in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400205. [PMID: 25839057 PMCID: PMC4380226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The beating heart exhibits remarkable contractile fidelity over a lifetime, which reflects the tight coupling of electrical, chemical, and mechanical elements within the sarcomere, the elementary contractile unit. On a beat-to-beat basis, calcium is released from the ends of the sarcomere and must diffuse toward the sarcomere center to fully activate the myosin- and actin-based contractile proteins. The resultant spatial and temporal gradient in free calcium across the sarcomere should lead to nonuniform and inefficient activation of contraction. We show that myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C), through its positioning on the myosin thick filaments, corrects this nonuniformity in calcium activation by exquisitely sensitizing the contractile apparatus to calcium in a manner that precisely counterbalances the calcium gradient. Thus, the presence and correct localization of MyBP-C within the sarcomere is critically important for normal cardiac function, and any disturbance of MyBP-C localization or function will contribute to the consequent cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si 461-701, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Samantha Beck Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - James Gulick
- Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kyounghwan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Roger Craig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - W. J. Lederer
- Department of Physiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David M. Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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25
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Myosin binding protein-C activates thin filaments and inhibits thick filaments in heart muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18763-8. [PMID: 25512492 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413922112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a key regulatory protein in heart muscle, and mutations in the MYBPC3 gene are frequently associated with cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism of action of MyBP-C remains poorly understood, and both activating and inhibitory effects of MyBP-C on contractility have been reported. To clarify the function of the regulatory N-terminal domains of MyBP-C, we determined their effects on the structure of thick (myosin-containing) and thin (actin-containing) filaments in intact sarcomeres of heart muscle. We used fluorescent probes on troponin C in the thin filaments and on myosin regulatory light chain in the thick filaments to monitor structural changes associated with activation of demembranated trabeculae from rat ventricle by the C1mC2 region of rat MyBP-C. C1mC2 induced larger structural changes in thin filaments than calcium activation, and these were still present when active force was blocked with blebbistatin, showing that C1mC2 directly activates the thin filaments. In contrast, structural changes in thick filaments induced by C1mC2 were smaller than those associated with calcium activation and were abolished or reversed by blebbistatin. Low concentrations of C1mC2 did not affect resting force but increased calcium sensitivity and reduced cooperativity of force and structural changes in both thin and thick filaments. These results show that the N-terminal region of MyBP-C stabilizes the ON state of thin filaments and the OFF state of thick filaments and lead to a novel hypothesis for the physiological role of MyBP-C in the regulation of cardiac contractility.
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26
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Previs MJ, Michalek AJ, Warshaw DM. Molecular modulation of actomyosin function by cardiac myosin-binding protein C. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:439-44. [PMID: 24407948 PMCID: PMC3932558 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C is a key regulator of cardiac contractility and is capable of both activating the thin filament to initiate actomyosin motion generation and governing maximal sliding velocities. While MyBP-C's C terminus localizes the molecule within the sarcomere, the N terminus appears to confer regulatory function by binding to the myosin motor domain and/or actin. Literature pertaining to how MyBP-C binding to the myosin motor domain and or actin leads to MyBP-C's dual modulatory roles that can impact actomyosin interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Ave., HSRF Building Rm.-116, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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27
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Witayavanitkul N, Ait Mou Y, Kuster DWD, Khairallah RJ, Sarkey J, Govindan S, Chen X, Ge Y, Rajan S, Wieczorek DF, Irving T, Westfall MV, de Tombe PP, Sadayappan S. Myocardial infarction-induced N-terminal fragment of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) impairs myofilament function in human myocardium. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8818-27. [PMID: 24509847 PMCID: PMC3979389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with depressed cardiac contractile function and progression to heart failure. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C, a cardiac-specific myofilament protein, is proteolyzed post-MI in humans, which results in an N-terminal fragment, C0-C1f. The presence of C0-C1f in cultured cardiomyocytes results in decreased Ca2+ transients and cell shortening, abnormalities sufficient for the induction of heart failure in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the association between C0-C1f and altered contractility in human cardiac myofilaments in vitro. To accomplish this, we generated recombinant human C0-C1f (hC0C1f) and incorporated it into permeabilized human left ventricular myocardium. Mechanical properties were studied at short (2 μm) and long (2.3 μm) sarcomere length (SL). Our data demonstrate that the presence of hC0C1f in the sarcomere had the greatest effect at short, but not long, SL, decreasing maximal force and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Moreover, hC0C1f led to increased cooperative activation, cross-bridge cycling kinetics, and tension cost, with greater effects at short SL. We further established that the effects of hC0C1f occur through direct interaction with actin and α-tropomyosin. Our data demonstrate that the presence of hC0C1f in the sarcomere is sufficient to induce depressed myofilament function and Ca2+ sensitivity in otherwise healthy human donor myocardium. Decreased cardiac function post-MI may result, in part, from the ability of hC0C1f to bind actin and α-tropomyosin, suggesting that cleaved C0-C1f could act as a poison polypeptide and disrupt the interaction of native cardiac myosin-binding protein C with the thin filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Witayavanitkul
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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28
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Patel BG, Wilder T, Solaro RJ. Novel control of cardiac myofilament response to calcium by S-glutathionylation at specific sites of myosin binding protein C. Front Physiol 2013; 4:336. [PMID: 24312057 PMCID: PMC3834529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated a relation between glutathionylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) and diastolic dysfunction in a hypertensive mouse model stressed by treatment with salt, deoxycorticosterone acetate, and unilateral nephrectomy. Although these results strongly indicated an important role for S-glutathionylation of myosin binding protein C as a modifier of myofilament function, indirect effects of other post-translational modifications may have occurred. Moreover, we did not determine the sites of thiol modification by glutathionylation. To address these issues, we developed an in vitro method to mimic the in situ S-glutathionylation of myofilament proteins and determined direct functional effects and sites of oxidative modification employing Western blotting and mass spectrometry. We induced glutathionylation in vitro by treatment of isolated myofibrils and detergent extracted fiber bundles (skinned fibers) with oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Immuno-blotting results revealed increased glutathionylation with GSSG treatment of a protein band around 140 kDa. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified the 140 kDa band as cMyBP-C and determined the sites of glutathionylation to be at cysteines 655, 479, and 627. Determination of the relation between Ca2+-activation of myofibrillar acto-myosin ATPase rate demonstrated an increased Ca2+-sensitivity induced by the S-glutathionylation. Force generating skinned fiber bundles also showed an increase in Ca-sensitivity when treated with oxidized glutathione, which was reversed with the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). Our data demonstrate that a specific and direct effect of S-glutathionylation of myosin binding protein C is a significant increase in myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity. Our data also provide new insights into the functional significance of oxidative modification of myosin binding protein C and the potential role of domains not previously considered to be functionally significant as controllers of myofilament Ca2+-responsiveness and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindiya G Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA
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29
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Sadayappan S, de Tombe PP. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C as a central target of cardiac sarcomere signaling: a special mini review series. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:195-200. [PMID: 24196566 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a cardiac-specific thick filament assembly, accessory, and regulatory protein. Physiologically, it is a key regulator of cardiac contractility. With more than 200 mutations in the cMyBP-C gene directly linked to the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, cMyBP-C clearly plays a critical role in heart function. At baseline, cMyBP-C is highly phosphorylated, a condition required for normal cardiac function. However, the level of cMyBP-C phosphorylation is significantly decreased during heart failure, indicating that the level of cMyBP-C phosphorylation is directly linked to signaling and cardiac function. Early studies indicated that cMyBP-C interacts with myosin and titin, whereas studies now show that it also interacts with thin filament proteins. However, the exact role(s) of cMyBP-C in the heart remain(s) to be elucidated. As such, we invited experts in the field of cardiac muscle to identify and address key issues related to cMyBP-C by contributing a mini review on such topics as structure, function, regulation, cardiomyopathy, proteolysis, and gene therapy. Starting from this issue, Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology will publish two invited mini review articles each month to discuss the most recent advances in the study of cMyBP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153-5500, USA,
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30
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Bezold KL, Shaffer JF, Khosa JK, Hoye ER, Harris SP. A gain-of-function mutation in the M-domain of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C increases binding to actin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21496-505. [PMID: 23782699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The M-domain is the major regulatory subunit of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) that modulates actin and myosin interactions to influence muscle contraction. However, the precise mechanism(s) and the specific residues involved in mediating the functional effects of the M-domain are not fully understood. Positively charged residues adjacent to phosphorylation sites in the M-domain are thought to be critical for effects of cMyBP-C on cross-bridge interactions by mediating electrostatic binding with myosin S2 and/or actin. However, recent structural studies revealed that highly conserved sequences downstream of the phosphorylation sites form a compact tri-helix bundle. Here we used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the functional significance of charged residues adjacent to the phosphorylation sites and conserved residues within the tri-helix bundle. Results confirm that charged residues adjacent to phosphorylation sites and residues within the tri-helix bundle are important for mediating effects of the M-domain on contraction. In addition, four missense variants within the tri-helix bundle that are associated with human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused either loss-of-function or gain-of-function effects on force. Importantly, the effects of the gain-of-function variant, L348P, increased the affinity of the M-domain for actin. Together, results demonstrate that functional effects of the M-domain are not due solely to interactions with charged residues near phosphorylatable serines and provide the first demonstration that the tri-helix bundle contributes to the functional effects of the M-domain, most likely by binding to actin.
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31
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Rao VS, Korte FS, Razumova MV, Feest ER, Hsu H, Irving TC, Regnier M, Martyn DA. N-terminal phosphorylation of cardiac troponin-I reduces length-dependent calcium sensitivity of contraction in cardiac muscle. J Physiol 2012; 591:475-90. [PMID: 23129792 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.241604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins constitutes an important pathway for β-adrenergic modulation of cardiac contractility. In myofilaments PKA targets troponin I (cTnI), myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) and titin. We studied how this affects the sarcomere length (SL) dependence of force-pCa relations in demembranated cardiac muscle. To distinguish cTnI from cMyBP-C/titin phosphorylation effects on the force-pCa relationship, endogenous troponin (Tn) was exchanged in rat ventricular trabeculae with either wild-type (WT) Tn, non-phosphorylatable cTnI (S23/24A) Tn or phosphomimetic cTnI (S23/24D) Tn. PKA cannot phosphorylate either cTnI S23/24 variant, leaving cMyBP-C/titin as PKA targets. Force was measured at 2.3 and 2.0 μm SL. Decreasing SL reduced maximal force (F(max)) and Ca(2+) sensitivity of force (pCa(50)) similarly with WT and S23/24A trabeculae. PKA treatment of WT and S23/24A trabeculae reduced pCa(50) at 2.3 but not at 2.0 μm SL, thus eliminating the SL dependence of pCa(50). In contrast, S23/24D trabeculae reduced pCa(50) at both SL values, primarily at 2.3 μm, also eliminating SL dependence of pCa(50). Subsequent PKA treatment moderately reduced pCa(50) at both SLs. At each SL, F(max) was unaffected by either Tn exchange and/or PKA treatment. Low-angle X-ray diffraction was performed to determine whether pCa(50) shifts were associated with changes in myofilament spacing (d(1,0)) or thick-thin filament interaction. PKA increased d(1,0) slightly under all conditions. The ratios of the integrated intensities of the equatorial X-ray reflections (I(1,1)/I(1,0)) indicate that PKA treatment increased crossbridge proximity to thin filaments under all conditions. The results suggest that phosphorylation by PKA of either cTnI or cMyBP-C/titin independently reduces the pCa(50) preferentially at long SL, possibly through reduced availability of thin filament binding sites (cTnI) or altered crossbridge recruitment (cMyBP-C/titin). Preferential reduction of pCa(50) at long SL may not reduce cardiac output during periods of high metabolic demand because of increased intracellular Ca(2+) during β-adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA.
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Weith AE, Previs MJ, Hoeprich GJ, Previs SB, Gulick J, Robbins J, Warshaw DM. The extent of cardiac myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation modulates actomyosin function in a graded manner. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:449-59. [PMID: 22752314 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), a sarcomeric protein with 11 domains, C0-C10, binds to the myosin rod via its C-terminus, while its N-terminus binds regions of the myosin head and actin. These N-terminal interactions can be attenuated by phosphorylation of serines in the C1-C2 motif linker. Within the sarcomere, cMyBP-C exists in a range of phosphorylation states, which may affect its ability to regulate actomyosin motion generation. To examine the functional importance of partial phosphorylation, we bacterially expressed N-terminal fragments of cMyBP-C (domains C0-C3) with three of its phosphorylatable serines (S273, S282, and S302) mutated in combinations to either aspartic acids or alanines, mimicking phosphorylation and dephosphorylation respectively. The effect of these C0-C3 constructs on actomyosin motility was characterized in both the unloaded in vitro motility assay and in the load-clamped laser trap assay where force:velocity (F:V) relations were obtained. In the motility assay, phosphomimetic replacement (i.e. aspartic acid) reduced the slowing of actin velocity observed in the presence of C0-C3 in proportion to the total number phosphomimetic replacements. Under load, C0-C3 depressed the F:V relationship without any effect on maximal force. Phosphomimetic replacement reversed the depression of F:V by C0-C3 in a graded manner with respect to the total number of replacements. Interestingly, the effect of C0-C3 on F:V was well fitted by a model that assumed C0-C3 acts as an effective viscous load against which myosin must operate. This study suggests that increasing phosphorylation of cMyBP-C incrementally reduces its modulation of actomyosin motion generation providing a tunable mechanism to regulate cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey E Weith
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, HSRF, Room 116, 149 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Sadayappan S, de Tombe PP. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C: redefining its structure and function. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:93-106. [PMID: 22707987 PMCID: PMC3374655 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) are inherited by an estimated 60 million people worldwide, and the protein is the target of several kinases. Recent evidence further suggests that cMyBP-C mutations alter Ca(2+) transients, leading to electrophysiological dysfunction. Thus, while the importance of studying this cardiac sarcomere protein is clear, preliminary data in the literature have raised many questions. Therefore, in this article, we propose to review the structure and function of cMyBP-C with particular respect to the role(s) in cardiac contractility and whether its release into the circulatory system is a potential biomarker of myocardial infarction. We also discuss future directions and experimental designs that may lead to expanding the role(s) of cMyBP-C in the heart. In conclusion, we suggest that cMyBP-C is a regulatory protein that could offer a broad clinical utility in maintaining normal cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Pieter P. de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153 USA
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Pfuhl M, Gautel M. Structure, interactions and function of the N-terminus of cardiac myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C): who does what, with what, and to whom? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:83-94. [PMID: 22527637 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The thick filament protein myosin-binding protein-C shows a highly modular architecture, with the C-terminal region responsible for tethering to the myosin and titin backbone of the thick filament. The N-terminal region shows the most significant differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle isogenes: an entire Ig-domain (C0) is added, together with highly regulated phosphorylation sites between Ig domains C1 and C2. These structural and functional differences at the N-terminus reflect important functions in cardiac muscle regulation in health and disease. Alternative interactions of this part of MyBP-C with the head-tail (S1-S2) junction of myosin or to actin filaments have been proposed, but with conflicting experimental evidence. The regulation of myosin or actin interaction by phosphorylation of the cardiac MyBP-C N-terminus may play an additional role in length-dependent contraction regulation. We discuss here the evidence for these proposed interactions, considering the required properties of MyBP-C, the way in which they may be regulated in muscle contraction and the way they might be related to heart disease. We also attempt to shed some light on experimental pitfalls and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pfuhl
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
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Coulton AT, Stelzer JE. Cardiac myosin binding protein C and its phosphorylation regulate multiple steps in the cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction. Biochemistry 2012; 51:3292-301. [PMID: 22458937 PMCID: PMC5598764 DOI: 10.1021/bi300085x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein C (c-MyBPC) is a thick filament protein that is expressed in cardiac sarcomeres and is known to interact with myosin and actin. While both structural and regulatory roles have been proposed for c-MyBPC, its true function is unclear; however, phosphorylation has been shown to be important. In this study, we investigate the effect of c-MyBPC and its phosphorylation on two key steps of the cross-bridge cycle using fast reaction kinetics. We show that unphosphorylated c-MyBPC complexed with myosin in 1:1 and 3:1 myosin:c-MyBPC stoichiometries regulates the binding of myosin to actin (K(D)) cooperatively (Hill coefficient, h) (K(D) = 16.44 ± 0.33 μM, and h = 9.24 ± 1.34; K(D) = 11.48 ± 0.75 μM, and h = 3.54 ± 0.67) and significantly decelerates the ATP-induced dissociation of myosin from actin (K(1)k(+2) values of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1), respectively, compared with a value of 0.42 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1) for myosin alone). Phosphorylation of c-MyBPC abolished the regulation of the association phase (K(1)k(+2) values of 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.33 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1) at 1:1 and 3:1 myosin:c-MyBPC ratios, respectively) and also accelerated the dissociation of myosin from actin (K(1)k(+2) values of 0.23 ± 0.01 and 0.29 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1) at a 1:1 and 3:1 myosin:c-MyBPC ratios, respectively) relative to the dissociation of myosin from actin in the presence of unphosphorylated c-MyBPC. These results indicate a direct effect of c-MyBPC on cross-bridge kinetics that is independent of the thin filament that together with its phosphorylation provides a mechanism for fine-tuning cross-bridge behavior to match the contractile requirements of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Coulton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Pathogenic properties of the N-terminal region of cardiac myosin binding protein-C in vitro. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:17-30. [PMID: 22527638 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) plays a role in sarcomeric structure and stability, as well as modulating heart muscle contraction. The 150 kDa full-length (FL) cMyBP-C has been shown to undergo proteolytic cleavage during ischemia-reperfusion injury, producing an N-terminal 40 kDa fragment (mass 29 kDa) that is predominantly associated with post-ischemic contractile dysfunction. Thus far, the pathogenic properties of such truncated cMyBP-C proteins have not been elucidated. In the present study, we hypothesized that the presence of these 40 kDa fragments is toxic to cardiomyocytes, compared to the 110 kDa C-terminal fragment and FL cMyBP-C. To test this hypothesis, we infected neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes with adenoviruses expressing the FL, 110 and 40 kDa fragments of cMyBP-C, and measured cytotoxicity, Ca(2+) transients, contractility, and protein-protein interactions. Here we show that expression of 40 kDa fragments in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes significantly increases LDH release and caspase 3 activity, significantly reduces cell viability, and impairs Ca(2+) handling. Adult cardiomyocytes expressing 40 kDa fragments exhibited similar impairment of Ca(2+) handling along with a significant reduction of sarcomere length shortening, relaxation velocity, and contraction velocity. Pull-down assays using recombinant proteins showed that the 40 kDa fragment binds significantly to sarcomeric actin, comparable to C0-C2 domains. In addition, we discovered several acetylation sites within the 40 kDa fragment that could potentially affect actomyosin function. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the 40 kDa cleavage fragments of cMyBP-C are toxic to cardiomyocytes and significantly impair contractility and Ca(2+) handling via inhibition of actomyosin function. By elucidating the deleterious effects of endogenously expressed cMyBP-C N-terminal fragments on sarcomere function, these data contribute to the understanding of contractile dysfunction following myocardial injury.
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37
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Weith A, Sadayappan S, Gulick J, Previs MJ, Vanburen P, Robbins J, Warshaw DM. Unique single molecule binding of cardiac myosin binding protein-C to actin and phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of actomyosin motility requires 17 amino acids of the motif domain. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:219-27. [PMID: 21978630 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) has 11 immunoglobulin or fibronectin-like domains, C0 through C10, which bind sarcomeric proteins, including titin, myosin and actin. Using bacterial expressed mouse N-terminal fragments (C0 through C3) in an in vitro motility assay of myosin-generated actin movement and the laser trap assay to assess single molecule actin-binding capacity, we determined that the first N-terminal 17 amino acids of the cMyBP-C motif (the linker between C1 and C2) contain a strong, stereospecific actin-binding site that depends on positive charge due to a cluster of arginines. Phosphorylation of 4 serines within the motif decreases the fragments' actin-binding capacity and actomyosin inhibition. Using the laser trap assay, we observed individual cMyBP-C fragments transiently binding to a single actin filament with both short (~20 ms) and long (~300 ms) attached lifetimes, similar to that of a known actin-binding protein, α-actinin. These experiments suggest that cMyBP-C N-terminal domains containing the cMyBP-C motif tether actin filaments and provide one mechanism by which cMyBP-C modulates actomyosin motion generation, i.e. by imposing an effective viscous load within the sarcomere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Weith
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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38
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Bicer S, Patel RJ, Williams JB, Reiser PJ. Patterns of tropomyosin and troponin-T isoform expression in jaw-closing muscles of mammals and reptiles that express masticatory myosin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 214:1077-85. [PMID: 21389191 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.049213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that masticatory ('superfast') myosin is expressed in jaw-closing muscles of some rodent species. Most mammalian limb muscle fibers express tropomyosin-β (Tm-β), along with fast-type or slow-type tropomyosin-β (Tm-β), but jaw-closing muscle fibers in members of Carnivora express a unique isoform of Tm [Tm-masticatory (Tm-M)] and little or no Tm-β. The goal of this study was to determine patterns of Tm and troponin-T (TnT) isoform expression in the jaw-closing muscles of rodents and other vertebrate species that express masticatory myosin, and compare the results to those from members of Carnivora. Comparisons of electrophoretic mobility, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were used to probe the Tm and fast-type TnT isoform composition of jaw-closing and limb muscles of six species of Carnivora, eight species of Rodentia, five species of Marsupialia, big brown bat, long-tailed macaque and six species of Reptilia. Extensive heterogeneity exists in Tm and TnT isoform expression in jaw-closing muscles between phylogenetic groups, but there are fairly consistent patterns within each group. We propose that the differences in Tm and TnT isoform expression patterns between phylogenetic groups, which share the expression of masticatory myosin, may impart fundamental differences in thin-filament-mediated muscle activation to accommodate markedly different feeding styles that may require high force generation in some species (e.g. many members of Carnivora) and high speed in others (e.g. Rodentia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahattin Bicer
- Department of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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39
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Kensler RW, Shaffer JF, Harris SP. Binding of the N-terminal fragment C0-C2 of cardiac MyBP-C to cardiac F-actin. J Struct Biol 2011; 174:44-51. [PMID: 21163356 PMCID: PMC3056911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a major accessory protein of cardiac thick filaments, is thought to play a key role in the regulation of myocardial contraction. Although current models for the function of the protein focus on its binding to myosin S2, other evidence suggests that it may also bind to F-actin. We have previously shown that the N-terminal fragment C0-C2 of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) bundles actin, providing evidence for interaction of cMyBP-C and actin. In this paper we directly examined the interaction between C0-C2 and F-actin at physiological ionic strength and pH by negative staining and electron microscopy. We incubated C0-C2 (5-30μM, in a buffer containing in mM: 180 KCl, 1 MgCl(2), 1 EDTA, 1 DTT, 20 imidazole, at pH 7.4) with F-actin (5μM) for 30min and examined negatively-stained samples of the solution by electron microscopy (EM). Examination of EM images revealed that C0-C2 bound to F-actin to form long helically-ordered complexes. Fourier transforms indicated that C0-C2 binds with the helical periodicity of actin with strong 1st and 6th layer lines. The results provide direct evidence that the N-terminus of cMyBP-C can bind to F-actin in a periodic complex. This interaction of cMyBP-C with F-actin supports the possibility that binding of cMyBP-C to F-actin may play a role in the regulation of cardiac contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Kensler
- Department of Anatomy, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a thick filament protein consisting of 1274 amino acid residues (149 kDa) that was identified by Starr and Offer over 30 years ago as a contaminant present in a preparation of purified myosin. Since then, numerous studies have defined the muscle-specific isoforms, the structure, and the importance of the proteins in normal striated muscle structure and function. Underlying the critical role the protein plays, it is now apparent that mutations in the cardiac isoform (cMyBP-C) are responsible for a substantial proportion (30-40%) of genotyped cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although generally accepted that MyBP-C can interact with all three filament systems within the sarcomere (the thick, thin, and titin filaments), the exact nature of these interactions and the functional consequences of modified binding remain obscure. In addition to these structural considerations, cMyBP-C can serve as a point of convergence for signaling processes in the cardiomyocyte via post-translational modifications mediated by kinases that phosphorylate residues in the cardiac-specific isoform sequence. Thus, cMyBP-C is a critical nodal point that has both important structural and signaling roles and whose modifications are known to cause significant human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne James
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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41
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Moss RL, Fitzsimons DP. Regulation of contraction in mammalian striated muscles--the plot thick-ens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 136:21-7. [PMID: 20584889 PMCID: PMC2894544 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Moss
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Ratti J, Rostkova E, Gautel M, Pfuhl M. Structure and interactions of myosin-binding protein C domain C0: cardiac-specific regulation of myosin at its neck? J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12650-8. [PMID: 21297165 PMCID: PMC3069465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.156646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a multidomain protein present in the thick filaments of striated muscles and is involved in both sarcomere formation and contraction regulation. The latter function is believed to be located at the N terminus, which is close to the motor domain of myosin. The cardiac isoform of MyBP-C is linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Here, we use NMR spectroscopy and biophysical and biochemical assays to study the three-dimensional structure and interactions of the cardiac-specific Ig-like domain C0, a part of cardiac MyBP-C of which little is known. The structure confirmed that C0 is a member of the IgI class of proteins, showing many of the characteristic features of this fold. Moreover, we identify a novel interaction between C0 and the regulatory light chain of myosin, thus placing the N terminus of the protein in proximity to the motor domain of myosin. This novel interaction is disrupted by several cardiomyopathy-linked mutations in the MYBPC3 gene. These results provide new insights into how cardiac MyBP-C incorporates in the sarcomere and how it can contribute to the regulation of muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Ratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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43
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Wang TT, Kwon HS, Dai G, Wang R, Mijailovich SM, Moss RL, So PTC, Wedeen VJ, Gilbert RJ. Resolving myoarchitectural disarray in the mouse ventricular wall with diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:2841-50. [PMID: 20461466 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The myoarchitecture of the ventricular wall provides a structural template dictating tissue-scale patterns of mechanical function. We studied whether myofiber tract imaging performed with MR diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) tractography has the capacity to resolve abnormalities of ventricular myoarchitecture in a model of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) associated with the ablation of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C). Homozygous MyBP-C knockout mice were generated by deletion of exons 3-10 from the endogenous MyBP-C gene. Fiber alignment in the left ventricular wall of wild type mice was depicted through DSI tractography (and confirmed by multi-slice two-photon microscopy) as a set of helical structures whose angles display a continuous transition from negative in the subepicardium to positive in the subendocardium. In contrast, the hearts obtained from the MyBP-C knockouts displayed substantial myoarchitectural disarray, characterized by a loss of voxel-to-voxel orientational coherence for fibers principally located in the mid-myocardium-subendocardium and impairment of the transmural progression of helix angles. These results substantiate the use of DSI tractography in determining myoarchitectural disarray in models of cardiomyopathy and suggest a biological association between myofilament expression, cardiac fiber alignment, and torsional rotation in the setting of congenital HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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44
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Myosin binding protein-C slow: an intricate subfamily of proteins. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:652065. [PMID: 20396395 PMCID: PMC2852610 DOI: 10.1155/2010/652065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) consists of a family of thick filament associated proteins. Three isoforms of MyBP-C exist in striated muscles: cardiac, slow skeletal, and fast skeletal. To date, most studies have focused on the cardiac form, due to its direct involvement in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Here we focus on the slow skeletal form, discuss past and current literature, and present evidence to support that: (i) MyBP-C slow comprises a subfamily of four proteins, resulting from complex alternative shuffling of the single MyBP-C slow gene, (ii) the four MyBP-C slow isoforms are expressed in variable amounts in different skeletal muscles, (iii) at least one MyBP-C slow isoform is preferentially found at the periphery of M-bands and (iv) the MyBP-C slow subfamily may play important roles in the assembly and stabilization of sarcomeric M- and A-bands and regulate the contractile properties of the actomyosin filaments.
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45
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Razumova MV, Bezold KL, Tu AY, Regnier M, Harris SP. Contribution of the myosin binding protein C motif to functional effects in permeabilized rat trabeculae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 132:575-85. [PMID: 18955596 PMCID: PMC2571974 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200810013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a thick-filament protein that limits cross-bridge cycling rates and reduces myocyte power output. To investigate mechanisms by which MyBP-C affects contraction, we assessed effects of recombinant N-terminal domains of cardiac MyBP-C (cMyBP-C) on contractile properties of permeabilized rat cardiac trabeculae. Here, we show that N-terminal fragments of cMyBP-C that contained the first three immunoglobulin domains of cMyBP-C (i.e., C0, C1, and C2) plus the unique linker sequence termed the MyBP-C "motif" or "m-domain" increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension and increased rates of tension redevelopment (i.e., k(tr)) at submaximal levels of Ca(2+). At concentrations > or =20 microM, recombinant proteins also activated force in the absence of Ca(2+) and inhibited maximum Ca(2+)-activated force. Recombinant proteins that lacked the combination of C1 and the motif did not affect contractile properties. These results suggest that the C1 domain plus the motif constitute a functional unit of MyBP-C that can activate the thin filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Razumova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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46
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Cardiac myosin-binding protein C decorates F-actin: implications for cardiac function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18360-5. [PMID: 19011110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808903105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is an accessory protein of striated muscle sarcomeres that is vital for maintaining regular heart function. Its 4 N-terminal regulatory domains, C0-C1-m-C2 (C0C2), influence actin and myosin interactions, the basic contractile proteins of muscle. Using neutron contrast variation data, we have determined that C0C2 forms a repeating assembly with filamentous actin, where the C0 and C1 domains of C0C2 attach near the DNase I-binding loop and subdomain 1 of adjacent actin monomers. Direct interactions between the N terminus of cMyBP-C and actin thereby provide a mechanism to modulate the contractile cycle by affecting the regulatory state of the thin filament and its ability to interact with myosin.
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Colson BA, Bekyarova T, Locher MR, Fitzsimons DP, Irving TC, Moss RL. Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of cMyBP-C increases proximity of myosin heads to actin in resting myocardium. Circ Res 2008; 103:244-51. [PMID: 18599866 PMCID: PMC2810832 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A-mediated (PKA) phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) accelerates the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling and may relieve the tether-like constraint of myosin heads imposed by cMyBP-C. We favor a mechanism in which cMyBP-C modulates cross-bridge cycling kinetics by regulating the proximity and interaction of myosin and actin. To test this idea, we used synchrotron low-angle x-ray diffraction to measure interthick filament lattice spacing and the equatorial intensity ratio, I(11)/I(10), in skinned trabeculae isolated from wild-type and cMyBP-C null (cMyBP-C(-/-)) mice. In wild-type myocardium, PKA treatment appeared to result in radial or azimuthal displacement of cross-bridges away from the thick filaments as indicated by an increase (approximately 50%) in I(11)/I(10) (0.22+/-0.03 versus 0.33+/-0.03). Conversely, PKA treatment did not affect cross-bridge disposition in mice lacking cMyBP-C, because there was no difference in I(11)/I(10) between untreated and PKA-treated cMyBP-C(-/-) myocardium (0.40+/-0.06 versus 0.42+/-0.05). Although lattice spacing did not change after treatment in wild-type (45.68+/-0.84 nm versus 45.64+/-0.64 nm), treatment of cMyBP-C(-/-) myocardium increased lattice spacing (46.80+/-0.92 nm versus 49.61+/-0.59 nm). This result is consistent with the idea that the myofilament lattice expands after PKA phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I, and when present, cMyBP-C, may stabilize the lattice. These data support our hypothesis that tethering of cross-bridges by cMyBP-C is relieved by phosphorylation of PKA sites in cMyBP-C, thereby increasing the proximity of cross-bridges to actin and increasing the probability of interaction with actin on contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Colson
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA.
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Lecarpentier Y, Vignier N, Oliviero P, Guellich A, Carrier L, Coirault C. Cardiac Myosin-binding protein C modulates the tuning of the molecular motor in the heart. Biophys J 2008; 95:720-8. [PMID: 18375505 PMCID: PMC2440471 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.127787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is an important regulator of cardiac contractility. Its precise effect on myosin cross-bridges (CBs) remains unclear. Using a cMyBP-C(-/-) mouse model, we determined how cMyBP-C modulates the cyclic interaction of CBs with actin. From papillary muscle mechanics, CB characteristics were provided using A. F. Huxley's equations. The probability of myosin being weakly bound to actin was higher in cMyBP-C(-/-) than in cMyBP-C(+/+). However, the number of CBs in strongly bound, high-force generated state and the force generated per CB were lower in cMyBP-C(-/-). Overall CB cycling and the velocity of CB tilting were accelerated in cMyBP-C(-/-). Taking advantage of the presence of cMyBP-C in cMyBP-C(+/+) myosin solution but not in cMyBP-C(-/-), we also analyzed the effects of cMyBP-C on the myosin-based sliding velocity of actin filaments. At baseline, sliding velocity and the relative isometric CB force, as determined by the amount of alpha-actinin required to arrest thin filament motility, were lower in cMyBP-C(-/-) than in cMyBP-C(+/+). cAMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated cMyBP-C phosphorylation further increased the force produced by CBs. We conclude that cMyBP-C prevents inefficient, weak binding of the myosin CB to actin and has a critical effect on the power-stroke step of the myosin molecular motor.
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Saber W, Begin KJ, Warshaw DM, VanBuren P. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C modulates actomyosin binding and kinetics in the in vitro motility assay. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 44:1053-1061. [PMID: 18482734 PMCID: PMC2519167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The modulatory role of whole cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) on myosin force and motion generation was assessed in an in vitro motility assay. The presence of cMyBP-C at an approximate molar ratio of cMyBP-C to whole myosin of 1:2, resulted in a 25% reduction in thin filament velocity (P<0.002) with no effect on relative isometric force under maximally activated conditions (pCa 5). Cardiac MyBP-C was capable of inhibiting actin filament velocity in a concentration-dependent manner using either whole myosin, HMM or S1, indicating that the cMyBP-C does not have to bind to myosin LMM or S2 subdomains to exert its effect. The reduction in velocity by cMyBP-C was independent of changes in ionic strength or excess inorganic phosphate. Co-sedimentation experiments demonstrated S1 binding to actin is reduced as a function of cMyBP-C concentration in the presence of ATP. In contrast, S1 avidly bound to actin in the absence of ATP and limited cMyBP-C binding, indicating that cMyBP-C and S1 compete for actin binding in an ATP-dependent fashion. However, based on the relationship between thin filament velocity and filament length, the cMyBP-C induced reduction in velocity was independent of the number of cross-bridges interacting with the thin filament. In conclusion, the effects of cMyBP-C on velocity and force at both maximal and submaximal activation demonstrate that cMyBP-C does not solely act as a tether between the myosin S2 and LMM subdomains but likely affects both the kinetics and recruitment of myosin cross-bridges through its direct interaction with actin and/or myosin head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Saber
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kelly J Begin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Peter VanBuren
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
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50
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Ait Mou Y, le Guennec JY, Mosca E, de Tombe PP, Cazorla O. Differential contribution of cardiac sarcomeric proteins in the myofibrillar force response to stretch. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:25-36. [PMID: 18449562 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the contribution of myofilament contractile proteins to regional function in guinea pig myocardium. We investigated the effect of stretch on myofilament contractile proteins, Ca(2+) sensitivity, and cross-bridge cycling kinetics (K (tr)) of force in single skinned cardiomyocytes isolated from the sub-endocardial (ENDO) or sub-epicardial (EPI) layer. As observed in other species, ENDO cells were stiffer, and Ca(2+) sensitivity of force at long sarcomere length was higher compared with EPI cells. Maximal K (tr) was unchanged by stretch, but was higher in EPI cells possibly due to a higher alpha-MHC content. Submaximal Ca(2+)-activated K (tr) increased only in ENDO cells with stretch. Stretch of skinned ENDO muscle strips induced increased phosphorylation in both myosin-binding protein C and myosin light chain 2. We concluded that transmural MHC isoform expression and differential regulatory protein phosphorylation by stretch contributes to regional differences in stretch modulation of activation in guinea pig left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younss Ait Mou
- INSERM, U 637, Université MONTPELLIER I, UFR de Médecine, F-34295, Montpellier, France
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