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Mamazhakypov A, Maripov A, Sarybaev AS, Schermuly RT, Sydykov A. Osteopontin in Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051385. [PMID: 37239056 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition with multifactorial etiology, which is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that circulating osteopontin may serve as a biomarker of PH progression, severity, and prognosis, as well as an indicator of maladaptive right ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. Moreover, preclinical studies in rodent models have implicated osteopontin in PH pathogenesis. Osteopontin modulates a plethora of cellular processes within the pulmonary vasculature, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, extracellular matrix synthesis, and inflammation via binding to various receptors such as integrins and CD44. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of osteopontin regulation and its impact on pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as consider research issues required for the development of therapeutics targeting osteopontin as a potential strategy for the management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Abdirashit Maripov
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Akpay S Sarybaev
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Inflammation, Microcalcification, and Increased Expression of Osteopontin Are Histological Hallmarks of Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Advanced Carotid Artery Stenosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030881. [PMID: 36979863 PMCID: PMC10045225 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: severe carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke and consequent neurological deficits. The most important steps of atherosclerotic plaque development, leading to carotid stenosis, are well-known; however, their exact timeline and intricate causal relationships need to be more characterized. Methods: in a cohort of 119 patients, who underwent carotid endarterectomy, we studied the histological correlations between arterial calcification patterns and localization, the presence of the inflammatory infiltrate and osteopontin expression, with ulceration, thrombosis, and intra-plaque hemorrhage, as direct signs of vulnerability. Results: in patients with an inflammatory infiltrate, aphasia was more prevalent, and microcalcification, superficial calcification, and high-grade osteopontin expression were characteristic. Higher osteopontin expression was also correlated with the presence of a lipid core. Inflammation and microcalcification were significantly associated with plaque ulceration in logistic regression models; furthermore, ulceration and the inflammatory infiltrate were significant determinants of atherothrombosis. Conclusion: our results bring histological evidence for the critically important role of microcalcification and inflammatory cell invasion in the formation and destabilization of advanced carotid plaques. In addition, as a calcification organizer, high-grade osteopontin expression is associated with ulceration, the presence of a large lipid core, and may also have an intrinsic role in plaque progression.
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Wu Q, Li L, Miao C, Hasnat M, Sun L, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Osteopontin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through inducing JAK2/STAT3/NOX1-mediated ROS production. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:341. [PMID: 35418176 PMCID: PMC9008047 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that can impact cancer progression. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the key factors involved in the biological role of OPN for the development of treatment. Here, we investigated that OPN promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and migration by increasing Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disclosed the underlying mechanism. Knockdown of OPN suppressed ROS production in vitro and in vivo, whereas treatment with human recombinant OPN produced the opposite effect. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, ROS scavenger) partially blocked HCC cell proliferation and migration induced by OPN. Mechanistically, OPN induced ROS production in HCC cells by upregulating the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1). NOX1 knockdown in HCC cells partially abrogated the cell proliferation and migration induced by OPN. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation effectively decreased the transcription of NOX1, upregulated by OPN. In addition, NOX1 overexpression increased JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation by increasing ROS production, creating a positive feedback loop for stimulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling induced by OPN. This study for the first time demonstrated that HCC cells utilized OPN to generate ROS for tumor progression, and disruption of OPN/NOX1 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Wu
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Le Li
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunmeng Miao
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Sun
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New drug screening center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Moxon JV, Rowbotham SE, Pinchbeck JL, Lazzaroni SM, Morton SK, Moran CS, Quigley F, Jenkins JS, Reid CM, Cavaye D, Jaeggi R, Golledge J. A Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Peri-operative Fenofibrate Administration on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathology: Outcomes From the FAME Trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 60:452-460. [PMID: 32703634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies suggest that fenofibrate prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development by lowering aortic osteopontin (OPN) concentration and reducing the number of macrophages infiltrating the aortic wall. The current study examined the effects of a short course of fenofibrate on AAA pathology in people with large AAAs awaiting aortic repair. METHODS This randomised double blind parallel trial included male and female participants aged ≥ 60 years who had an asymptomatic AAA measuring ≥ 50 mm and were scheduled to undergo open AAA repair. Participants were allocated to fenofibrate (145 mg/day) or matching placebo for at least two weeks before elective AAA repair. Blood samples were collected at recruitment and immediately prior to surgery. AAA biopsies were obtained during aortic surgery. The primary outcomes were (1) AAA OPN concentration; (2) serum OPN concentration; and (3) number of AAA macrophages. Exploratory outcomes included circulating and aortic concentrations of other proteins previously associated with AAA. Outcomes assessed at a single time point were compared using logistic regression. Longitudinal outcomes were compared using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS Forty-three participants were randomised. After three withdrawals, 40 were followed until the time of surgery (21 allocated fenofibrate and 19 allocated placebo). As expected, serum triglycerides reduced significantly from recruitment to the time of surgery in participants allocated fenofibrate. No differences in any of the primary and exploratory outcomes were observed between groups. CONCLUSION A short course of 145 mg of fenofibrate/day did not lower concentrations of OPN or aortic macrophage density in people with large AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Moxon
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sophie E Rowbotham
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenna L Pinchbeck
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon M Lazzaroni
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan K Morton
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frank Quigley
- Mater Medical Centre, Pimlico, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Doug Cavaye
- St Vincent's Private Hospital Northside, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Characterization and Significance of Monocytes in Acute Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9670360. [PMID: 32509885 PMCID: PMC7245667 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9670360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is one of the most common fatal diseases noted in vascular surgery. Human monocytes circulate in dynamic equilibrium and display a considerable heterogeneity. However, the role of monocytes in AAD remains elusive. In our recent study, we firstly obtained blood samples from 22 patients with Stanford type B AAD and 44 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched control subjects. And the monocyte proportions were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results showed that the percentage of total CD14+ monocytes in the blood samples of Stanford AAD patients was increased significantly compared with that of normal volunteers (P < 0.0005), and the absolute numbers of CD14brightCD16+ and CD14brightCD16− monocytes both increased significantly regardless of the percentage of PBMC or CD14+ cells, while CD14dimCD16+ monocytes displayed the opposite tendency. However, the percentage of CD14+ cells and its three subsets demonstrated no correlation with D-dimer (DD) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Then, blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, followed with CD14+ magnetic bead sorting. After the purity of CD14+ cells was validated over 90%, AAD-related genes were concentrated in CD14+ monocytes. There were no significant differences observed with regard to the mRNA expression levels of MMP1 (P = 0.0946), MMP2 (P = 0.3941), MMP9 (P = 0.2919), IL-6 (P = 0.4223), and IL-10 (P = 0.3375) of the CD14+ monocytes in Stanford type B AAD patients compared with those of normal volunteers. The expression levels of IL-17 (P < 0.05) was higher in Stanford type B AAD patients, while the expression levels of TIMP1(P<0.05), TIMP2(P<0.01), TGF-β1 (P < 0.01), SMAD3 (P < 0.01), ACTA2 (P < 0.001), and ADAMTS-1 (P < 0.001) decreased. The data suggested that monocytes might play an important role in the development of Stanford type B AAD. Understanding of the production, differentiation, and function of monocyte subsets might dictate future therapeutic avenues for Stanford type B AAD treatment and can aid the identification of novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for decreasing inflammation in AAD.
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Wang M, Monticone RE, McGraw KR. Proinflammation, profibrosis, and arterial aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:159-168. [PMID: 33103036 PMCID: PMC7574637 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for quintessential cardiovascular diseases, which are closely related to arterial proinflammation. The age-related alterations of the amount, distribution, and properties of the collagen fibers, such as cross-links and degradation in the arterial wall, are the major sequelae of proinflammation. In the aging arterial wall, collagen types I, II, and III are predominant, and are mainly produced by stiffened vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) governed by proinflammatory signaling, leading to profibrosis. Profibrosis is regulated by an increase in the proinflammatory molecules angiotensin II, milk fat globule-EGF-VIII, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling and a decrease in the vasorin signaling cascade. The release of these proinflammatory factors triggers the activation of matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) and activates profibrogenic TGF-β1 signaling, contributing to profibrosis. The age-associated increase in activated MMP-2 cleaves latent TGF-β and subsequently increases TGF-β1 activity leading to collagen deposition in the arterial wall. Furthermore, a blockade of the proinflammatory signaling pathway alleviates the fibrogenic signaling, reduces profibrosis, and prevents arterial stiffening with aging. Thus, age-associated proinflammatory-profibrosis coupling is the underlying molecular mechanism of arterial stiffening with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
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Endothelial injury is closely related to osteopontin and TNF receptor-mediated inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Cytokine 2019; 121:154729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Wertz SL, Perez A, Parker BM, Maning J, McCrink KA, Shehadeh LA, Lymperopoulos A. Deletion of Osteopontin Enhances β₂-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Anti-Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061396. [PMID: 30897705 PMCID: PMC6470638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are known to inhibit collagen production and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. The β2AR is a Gs protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and, upon its activation, stimulates the generation of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP has two effectors: protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Epac1 has been shown to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Osteopontin (OPN) is a ubiquitous pro-inflammatory cytokine, which also mediates fibrosis in several tissues, including the heart. OPN underlies several cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and cardiac adverse remodeling. We found that the cardiotoxic hormone aldosterone transcriptionally upregulates OPN in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts—an effect prevented by endogenous β2AR activation. Additionally, CRISPR-mediated OPN deletion enhanced cAMP generation in response to both β1AR and β2AR activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, leading to the upregulation of Epac1 protein levels. These effects rendered β2AR stimulation capable of completely abrogating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-dependent fibrosis in OPN-lacking H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, OPN interacted constitutively with Gαs subunits in H9c2 cardiac cells. Thus, we uncovered a direct inhibitory role of OPN in cardiac β2AR anti-fibrotic signaling via cAMP/Epac1. OPN blockade could be of value in the treatment and/or prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Victoria L Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Shelby L Wertz
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Arianna Perez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Barbara M Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Spyrou N, Avgerinos KI, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Classic and Novel Adipocytokines at the Intersection of Obesity and Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:260-275. [PMID: 30145771 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we investigate the role of classic and novel adipocytokines in cancer pathogenesis synopsizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipocytokines and malignancy. Special emphasis is given on novel adipocytokines as new evidence is emerging regarding their entanglement in neoplastic development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have emphasized the role of the triad of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance and adipocytokines in cancer. In the setting of obesity, classic and novel adipocytokines present independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, expansion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Until now, more than 15 adipocytokines have been associated with cancer, and this list continues to expand. While the plethora of circulating pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, and chemerin are elevated in malignancies, some adipocytokines such as adiponectin and omentin-1 are generally decreased in cancers and are considered protective against carcinogenesis. Elucidating the intertwining of inflammation, cellular bioenergetics, and adiposopathy is significant for the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Novel more effective and safe adipocytokine-centered therapeutic interventions may pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Tang W, Yao L, Hoogeveen RC, Alonso A, Couper DJ, Lutsey PL, Steenson CC, Guan W, Hunter DW, Lederle FA, Folsom AR. The Association of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation With the Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The ARIC Study. Angiology 2018; 70:130-140. [PMID: 29945457 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718785278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal and human laboratory studies suggest that the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) involves inflammation and degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. This study prospectively assessed the association between biomarkers for these mechanisms and the presence of AAA during 24 years of follow-up in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. The ARIC prospectively identified clinically diagnosed AAAs in 15 792 men and women from baseline in 1987 to 1989 to 2011 using hospital discharge codes and death records. Additional asymptomatic AAAs were detected by an abdominal ultrasound scan in 2011 to 2013. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, interleukin 6 (IL-6), N-terminal propeptide of Type III procollagen (PIIINP), and osteopontin were measured in blood samples collected between 1987 and 1992 in participants with AAA (544 clinically diagnosed AAAs and 72 ultrasound-detected AAAs) and a random sample of 723 participants selected from baseline and matched with AAAs by age, race and sex. Higher concentrations of MMP-9 and IL-6 were associated with future risk of clinically diagnosed AAA (hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.55 [1.22-1.97] and 1.87 [1.48-2.35], respectively, comparing highest versus lowest tertiles) after multivariable adjustment ( P for trend < .001). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was also associated with ultrasound-detected AAA. In conclusion, blood concentrations of MMP-9 and IL-6 measured in middle age predicted the risk of AAA during 24 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tang
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lu Yao
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- 2 Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Couper
- 4 Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carol C Steenson
- 5 Department of Imaging, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- 6 Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David W Hunter
- 7 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frank A Lederle
- 8 Minneapolis VA Health Care System and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Frank A. Lederle, Deceased January 2018
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang SK, Green LA, Gutwein AR, Gupta AK, Babbey CM, Motaganahalli RL, Fajardo A, Murphy MP. Osteopontin may be a driver of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:22S-29S. [PMID: 29402664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous in vitro and animal studies have suggested that osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory extracellular matrix protein, is involved in the formation and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the mechanism by which this occurs continues to be nebulous. The relationship between OPN and inflammation-suppressing lymphocytes present in the human AAA condition was investigated and presented herein. METHODS Serum OPN concentrations were measured in healthy, risk factor-matched non-AAA and AAA patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the source of OPN secretion using aortic tissue collected from multiorgan donors and AAA patients undergoing open surgical repair. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to various inflammatory mediators, and OPN expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. The inflammatory nature of OPN and the aortic wall was determined using a TR1 suppressor cell induction assay as a surrogate and characterized by ELISA and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS OPN was found to be elevated in both the plasma and aortic homogenate of AAA patients compared with controls. On immunohistochemistry, OPN localized to the tunica media of the diseased aorta but was minimally expressed in healthy aorta. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract was the most potent stimulator of OPN secretion by VSMCs and increased both messenger RNA and supernatant concentrations. OPN demonstrated an ability to inhibit the induction of interleukin 10-secreting TR1 lymphocytes, a depleted population in the AAA patient, from naive precursors. Last, neutralizing receptor targets of OPN in the setting of AAA homogenate coincubation abrogated the inhibition of TR1 induction. CONCLUSIONS OPN, secreted by the VSMCs of the tunica media, is elevated in the circulating plasma and aortic wall of patients with AAA. It can inhibit the induction of the TR1 suppressor cell, leading to an overall proinflammatory state contributing to progressive aortic wall breakdown and dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keisin Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Linden A Green
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Ashley R Gutwein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Alok K Gupta
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Clifford M Babbey
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Andres Fajardo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.
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12
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Hamias R, Rudich A, Greenberg G, Szendro G, Wolak T. Angiotensin 1–7, but not the thrombin-cleaved osteopontin C-terminal fragment, attenuates osteopontin-mediated macrophage-induced endothelial-cell inflammation. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:265-275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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13
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Wong JP, Wei R, Lyu P, Tong OL, Zhang SD, Wen Q, Yuen HF, El-Tanani M, Kwok HF. Clinical and in vitro analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator and unveil its potential downstream targets in bladder cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1373-1386. [PMID: 29209142 PMCID: PMC5715521 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in cancer progression, however its prognostic significance and its downstream factors are largely elusive. In this study, we have shown that expression of OPN was significantly higher in bladder cancer specimens with higher T-stage or tumor grades. In addition, a high level of OPN was significantly associated with poorer survival in two independent bladder cancer patient cohorts totaling 389 bladder cancer patients with available survival data. We further identified Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) were both downstream factors for OPN in bladder cancer specimens and bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of OPN was significantly positively associated with that of MMP9 and S100A8, while overexpression of OPN resulted in upregulation of MMP9 and S100A8, and knockdown of OPN showed consistent downregulation of MMP9 and S100A8 expression levels. Importantly, expression levels of both MMP9 and S100A8 were significantly associated with higher T-stage, higher tumor grade and a shorter survival time in the bladder cancer patients. Interestingly, OPN expression only predicted survival in MMP9-high, but not MMP9-low subgroups, and in S100A8-low but not S100A8-high subgroups. Our results suggest that OPN, MMP9 and S100A8 all play a significant role in bladder cancer progression and are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. The mechanistic link between these three genes and bladder cancer progression warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet P.C. Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ran Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Peng Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Olivia L.H. Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shu Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Wen
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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14
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PPARβ/δ, a Novel Regulator for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45234. [PMID: 28327554 PMCID: PMC5361085 DOI: 10.1038/srep45234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switch is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), whereas the molecular mechanism underlying it remains largely speculative. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) has been implicated to modulate the vascular cells proliferation and vascular homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of PPARβ/δ in VSMC phenotypic switch following SAH. Activation of PPARβ/δ by GW0742 and adenoviruses PPARβ/δ (Ad-PPARβ/δ) significantly inhibited hemoglobin-induced VSMC phenotypic switch. However, the effects of PPARβ/δ on VSMC phenotypic switch were partly obstacled in the presence of LY294002, a potent inhibitor of Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3 Kinase-AKT (PI3K/AKT). Furthermore, following study demonstrated that PPARβ/δ-induced PI3K/AKT activation can also contribute to Serum Response Factor (SRF) nucleus localization and Myocardin expression, which was highly associated with VSMC phenotypic switch. Finally, we found that Ad-PPARβ/δ positively modulated vascular remodeling in SAH rats, i.e. the diameter of basilar artery and the thickness of vessel wall. In addition, overexpression of PPARβ/δ by adenoviruses significantly improved neurological outcome. Taken together, this study identified PPARβ/δ as a useful regulator for VSMC phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling following SAH, providing novel insights into the therapeutic strategies of delayed cerebral ischemia.
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15
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Rabkin SW. The Role Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Production of Aortic Aneurysm. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:239-265. [PMID: 28413030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm because the histology of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by the loss of smooth muscle cells in the aortic media and the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, AAA have evidence of inflammation and the cellular elements involved in inflammation such as macrophages can produce and/or activate MMPs This chapter focuses on human aortic aneurysm that are not due to specific known genetic causes because this type of aneurysm is the more common type. This chapter will also focus on MMP protein expression rather than on genetic data which may not necessarily translate to increased MMP protein expression. There are supporting data that certain MMPs are increased in the aortic wall. For TAA, it is most notably MMP-1, -9, -12, and -14 and MMP-2 when a bicuspid aortic valve is present. For AAA, it is MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -12, and -13. The data are weaker or insufficient for the other MMPs. Several studies of gene polymorphisms support MMP-9 for TAA and MMP-3 for AAA as potentially important factors. The signaling pathways in the aorta that can lead to MMP activation include JNK, JAK/stat, osteopontin, and AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2. Substrates in the human vasculature for MMP-3, MMP-9, or MMP-14 include collagen, elastin, ECM glycoprotein, and proteoglycans. Confirmed and potential substrates for MMPs, maintain aortic size and function so that a reduction in their content relative to other components of the aortic wall may produce a failure to maintain aortic size leading to dilatation and aneurysm formation.
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16
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Stabley JN, Towler DA. Arterial Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical Models and Translational Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:205-217. [PMID: 28062508 PMCID: PMC5480317 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increasingly afflicts our aging and dysmetabolic population. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the antecedent metabolic syndrome represent the vast majority of the disease burden-increasingly prevalent in children and older adults. However, type 1 diabetes mellitus is also advancing in preadolescent children. As such, a crushing wave of cardiometabolic disease burden now faces our society. Arteriosclerotic calcification is increased in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus-impairing conduit vessel compliance and function, thereby increasing the risk for dementia, stroke, heart attack, limb ischemia, renal insufficiency, and lower extremity amputation. Preclinical models of these dysmetabolic settings have provided insights into the pathobiology of arterial calcification. Osteochondrogenic morphogens in the BMP-Wnt signaling relay and transcriptional regulatory programs driven by Msx and Runx gene families are entrained to innate immune responses-responses activated by the dysmetabolic state-to direct arterial matrix deposition and mineralization. Recent studies implicate the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in contributing to the phenotypic drift of mineralizing vascular progenitors. In this brief overview, we discuss preclinical disease models that provide mechanistic insights-and point to challenges and opportunities to translate these insights into new therapeutic strategies for our patients afflicted with diabetes mellitus and its arteriosclerotic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Male
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Stabley
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dwight A Towler
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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17
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Rowbotham SE, Cavaye D, Jaeggi R, Jenkins JS, Moran CS, Moxon JV, Pinchbeck JL, Quigley F, Reid CM, Golledge J. Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic anEurysm (FAME): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28049491 PMCID: PMC5209849 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a slowly progressive destructive process of the main abdominal artery. Experimental studies indicate that fibrates exert beneficial effects on AAAs by mechanisms involving both serum lipid modification and favourable changes to the AAA wall. Methods/design Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic anEurysm (FAME) is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of orally administered therapy with fenofibrate on key pathological markers of AAA in patients undergoing open AAA repair. A total of 42 participants scheduled for an elective open AAA repair will be randomly assigned to either 145 mg of fenofibrate per day or identical placebo for a minimum period of 2 weeks prior to surgery. Primary outcome measures will be macrophage number and osteopontin (OPN) concentration within the AAA wall as well as serum concentrations of OPN. Secondary outcome measures will include levels of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines within the AAA wall, periaortic fat and intramural thrombus and circulating concentrations of AAA biomarkers. Discussion At present, there is no recognised medical therapy to limit AAA progression. The FAME trial aims to assess the ability of fenofibrate to alter tissue markers of AAA pathology. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12612001226897. Registered on 20 November 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1752-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Rowbotham
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Doug Cavaye
- Department of Vascular Surgery. Holy Spirit Northside Private Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jason S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jenna L Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | | | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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18
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Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Li J, Morton SK, Biros E, Wang Y, Nsengiyumva V, Lindeman JHN, Loots GG, Rush CM, Craig JM, Golledge J. Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Sclerostin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:553-566. [PMID: 28062506 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin (SOST) has been identified as an important regulator of bone formation; however, it has not been previously implicated in arterial disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of SOST in aortic aneurysm (AA) and atherosclerosis using human samples, a mouse model, and in vitro investigations. APPROACH AND RESULTS SOST protein was downregulated in human and mouse AA samples compared with controls. Transgenic introduction of human SOST in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice (SOSTTg .ApoE-/-) and administration of recombinant mouse Sost inhibited angiotensin II-induced AA and atherosclerosis. Serum concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. Compared with controls, the aortas of mice receiving recombinant mouse Sost and SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice showed reduced matrix degradation, reduced elastin breaks, and preserved collagen. Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and a reduction in the expression of wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin responsive genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin, were observed in the aortas of SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. SOST expression was downregulated and the wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin pathway was activated in human AA samples. The cytosine-phosphate-guanine islands in the SOST gene promoter showed significantly higher methylation in human AA samples compared with controls. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine resulted in upregulation of SOST, suggesting that SOST is epigenetically regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies that SOST is expressed in the aorta and downregulated in human AA possibly because of epigenetic silencing. Upregulating SOST inhibits AA and atherosclerosis development, with potential important implications for treating these vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Murali Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jiaze Li
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Susan K Morton
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Vianne Nsengiyumva
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Catherine M Rush
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
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19
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Dalal S, Zha Q, Singh M, Singh K. Osteopontin-stimulated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes involves oxidative stress and mitochondrial death pathway: role of a pro-apoptotic protein BIK. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:1-11. [PMID: 27262843 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased osteopontin (OPN) expression in the heart, specifically in myocytes, associates with increased myocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfunction. Recently, we provided evidence that OPN interacts with CD44 receptor, and induces myocyte apoptosis via the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial death pathways. Here we tested the hypothesis that OPN induces oxidative stress in myocytes and the heart via the involvement of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4). Treatment of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) with OPN (20 nM) increased oxidative stress as analyzed by protein carbonylation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as analyzed by ROS detection kit and dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Pretreatment with NAC (antioxidant), apocynin (NOX inhibitor), MnTBAP (superoxide dismutase mimetic), and mitochondrial KATP channel blockers (glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate) decreased OPN-stimulated ROS production, cytosolic cytochrome c levels, and apoptosis. OPN increased NOX-4 expression, while decreasing SOD-2 expression. OPN decreased mitochondrial membrane potential as measured by JC-1 staining, and induced mitochondrial abnormalities including swelling and reorganization of cristae as observed using transmission electron microscopy. OPN increased expression of BIK, a pro-apoptotic protein involved in reorganization of mitochondrial cristae. Expression of dominant-negative BIK decreased OPN-stimulated apoptosis. In vivo, OPN expression in cardiac myocyte-specific manner associated with increased protein carbonylation, and expression of NOX-4 and BIK. Thus, OPN induces oxidative stress via the involvement of mitochondria and NOX-4. It may affect mitochondrial morphology and integrity, at least in part, via the involvement of BIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Qinqin Zha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA. .,Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA. .,James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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20
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Cabia B, Andrade S, Carreira MC, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. A role for novel adipose tissue-secreted factors in obesity-related carcinogenesis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:361-76. [PMID: 26914773 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a pandemic disease, is caused by an excessive accumulation of fat that can have detrimental effects on health. Adipose tissue plays a very important endocrine role, secreting different molecules that affect body physiology. In obesity, this function is altered, leading to a dysfunctional production of several factors, known as adipocytokines. This process has been linked to various comorbidities associated with obesity, such as carcinogenesis. In fact, several classical adipocytokines with increased levels in obesity have been demonstrated to exert a pro-carcinogenic role, including leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and resistin, whereas others like adiponectin, with decreased levels in obesity, might have an anti-carcinogenic function. In this expanding field, new proteomic techniques and approaches have allowed the identification of novel adipocytokines, a number of which exhibit an altered production in obesity and type 2 diabetes and thus are related to adiposity. Many of these novel adipocytokines have also been identified in various tumour types, such as that of the breast, liver or endometrium, thereby increasing the list of potential contributors to carcinogenesis. This review is focused on the regulation of these novel adipocytokines by obesity, including apelin, endotrophin, FABP4, lipocalin 2, omentin-1, visfatin, chemerin, ANGPTL2 or osteopontin, emphasizing its involvement in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cabia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Carreira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - F F Casanueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - A B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Inhibition of NADPH oxidase protects against metastasis of human lung cancer by decreasing microRNA-21. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:388-98. [PMID: 25563770 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect the effect of NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition on metastasis of lung cancer. Primary human lung cancer cells were isolated from surgical tissues using the Cancer Cell Isolation Kit. Invasion was detected using the BD Biocoat Matrigel Invasion Chamber assay. Expressions of microRNA-21 (miR-21), PTEN, MMP9, and p47 were detected by qPCR. Groups of nude mice were challenged with A549 cells with or without DPI and detected for tumor metastasis and survival. NOX inhibition in human lung cancer cells significantly reduced their invasive potential in vitro. NOX inhibition in vivo led to decreased metastasis of human lung cancer and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing nude mice. Further, NOX inhibition resulted in decreased expression of miR-21 in human lung cancer cells. Increased expression of miR-21 abrogated the effect of NOX inhibitor on metastasis of human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Decreased expression of miR-21 facilitated the effect of NOX inhibitor on metastasis of human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, increased expression of PTEN and decreased expression of MMP9 were observed in human lung cancer cells in response to NOX inhibition. Finally, close correlations of miR-21 expression levels with NADPH oxidase expression level and differentiation state of tumor cells were observed in lung cancer patients. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase protected against metastasis of human lung cancer cells by decreasing miR-21 expression, which could facilitate the understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis and provided clues for the development of novel therapeutics for lung cancer patients.
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22
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Sobey CG, Judkins CP, Rivera J, Lewis CV, Diep H, Lee HW, Kemp-Harper BK, Broughton BRS, Selemidis S, Gaspari TA, Samuel CS, Drummond GR. NOX1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice is associated with elevated plasma lipids and enhanced atherosclerosis. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:186-98. [PMID: 25496431 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.992893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity in the vascular wall is elevated in hypercholesterolemia, and contributes to oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Here we examined the role of another NOX isoform, NOX1, in atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE(-/-)) mice fed a Western diet for 14 weeks. Although NOX1 mRNA expression was unchanged in aortas from APOE(-/-) versus wild-type mice, expression of the NOX1-specific organizer, NOXO1, was diminished, consistent with an overall reduction in NOX1 activity in APOE(-/-) mice. To examine the impact of a further reduction in NOX1 activity, APOE(-/-) mice were crossed with NOX1(-/y) mice to generate NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) double-knockouts. NOX1 deficiency in APOE(-/-) mice was associated with 30-50% higher plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). Vascular ROS levels were also elevated by twofold in NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) versus APOE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), despite no changes in expression of other NOX subunits. Although en face analysis of the descending aorta revealed no differences in plaque area between NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) and APOE(-/-) mice, intimal thickening in the aortic sinus was increased by 40% (P < 0.05) in the double-knockouts. Moreover, NOX1 deficiency was associated with a less stable plaque phenotype; aortic sinus lesions contained 60% less collagen (P < 0.01), 40% less smooth muscle (P < 0.01), and 2.5-fold higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001) than lesions in APOE(-/-) mice. Thus, these data, which suggest a protective role for NOX1 against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in APOE(-/-) mice, highlight the complex and contrasting roles of different NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX2 versus NOX1) in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
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23
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Chan JJ, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, O'Donnell CJ, Hoffmann U, Samelson EJ. QCT Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Vascular and Valvular Calcification: The Framingham Study. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1767-74. [PMID: 25871790 PMCID: PMC4809363 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that bone and vascular calcification share common pathogenesis. Little is known about potential links between bone and valvular calcification. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between spine bone mineral density (BMD) and vascular and valvular calcification. Participants included 1317 participants (689 women, 628 men) in the Framingham Offspring Study (mean age 60 years). Integral, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone density (vBMD) and arterial and valvular calcification were measured from computed tomography (CT) scans and categorized by sex-specific quartiles (Q4 = high vBMD). Calcification of the coronary arteries (CAC), abdominal aorta (AAC), aortic valve (AVC), and mitral valve (MVC) were quantified using the Agatston Score (AS). Prevalence of any calcium (AS >0) was 69% for CAC, 81% for AAC, 39% for AVC, and 20% for MVC. In women, CAC increased with decreasing quartile of trabecular vBMD: adjusted mean CAC = 2.1 (Q4), 2.2 (Q3), 2.5 (Q2), 2.6 (Q1); trend p = 0.04. However, there was no inverse trend between CAC and trabecular vBMD in men: CAC = 4.3 (Q4), 4.3 (Q3), 4.2 (Q2), 4.3 (Q1); trend p = 0.92. AAC increased with decreasing quartile of trabecular vBMD in both women (AAC = 4.5 [Q4], 4.8 [Q3], 5.4 [Q2], 5.1 [Q1]; trend p = 0.01) and men (AAC = 5.5 [Q4], 5.8 [Q3], 5.9 [Q2], 6.2 [Q1]; trend p = 0.01). We observed no association between trabecular vBMD and AVC or MVC in women or men. Finally, cortical vBMD was unrelated to vascular calcification and valvular calcification in women and men. Women and men with low spine vBMD have greater severity of vascular calcification, particularly at the abdominal aorta. The inverse relation between AAC and spine vBMD in women and men may be attributable to shared etiology and may be an important link on which to focus treatment efforts that can target individuals at high risk of both fracture and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Chan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Samelson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Papke CL, Yamashiro Y, Yanagisawa H. MMP17/MT4-MMP and thoracic aortic aneurysms: OPNing new potential for effective treatment. Circ Res 2015; 117:109-12. [PMID: 26139854 PMCID: PMC4493766 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.306851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Papke
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (C.L.P., H.Y.); and Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Y.Y., H.Y.)
| | - Yoshito Yamashiro
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (C.L.P., H.Y.); and Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Y.Y., H.Y.)
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (C.L.P., H.Y.); and Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Y.Y., H.Y.).
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25
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Voronkina IV, Vakhromova EA, Kirpichnikova KM, Smagina LV, Gamaley IA. Matrix metalloproteinase activity in transformed cells exposed to an antioxidant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x15010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Rodríguez AI, Csányi G, Ranayhossaini DJ, Feck DM, Blose KJ, Assatourian L, Vorp DA, Pagano PJ. MEF2B-Nox1 signaling is critical for stretch-induced phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:430-8. [PMID: 25550204 PMCID: PMC4409426 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood vessel hemodynamics have profound influences on function and structure of vascular cells. One of the main mechanical forces influencing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is cyclic stretch (CS). Increased CS stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in VSMC, leading to their dedifferentiation, yet the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pathological CS stimulates NADPH oxidase isoform 1 (Nox1)-derived ROS via MEF2B, leading to VSMC dysfunction via a switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using a newly developed isoform-specific Nox1 inhibitor and gene silencing technology, we demonstrate that a novel pathway, including MEF2B-Nox1-ROS, is upregulated under pathological stretch conditions, and this pathway promotes a VSMC phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. We observed that CS (10% at 1 Hz) mimicking systemic hypertension in humans increased Nox1 mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity in a time-dependent manner, and this upregulation was mediated by MEF2B. Furthermore, we show that stretch-induced Nox1-derived ROS upregulated a specific marker for synthetic phenotype (osteopontin), whereas it downregulated classical markers for contractile phenotype (calponin1 and smoothelin B). In addition, our data demonstrated that stretch-induced Nox1 activation decreases actin fiber density and augments matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, VSMC migration, and vectorial alignment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CS initiates a signal through MEF2B that potentiates Nox1-mediated ROS production and causes VSMC to switch to a synthetic phenotype. The data also characterize a new Nox1 inhibitor as a potential therapy for treatment of vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/genetics
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/drug effects
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pressoreceptors/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés I Rodríguez
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Gábor Csányi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Daniel J Ranayhossaini
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Douglas M Feck
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Kory J Blose
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Lillian Assatourian
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - David A Vorp
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R).
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27
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Serum Osteopontin Concentrations in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Oh Y, Oh I, Morimoto J, Uede T, Morimoto A. Osteopontin has a crucial role in osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cell formation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:585-95. [PMID: 24129963 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The osteoclast (OC) is a major player in the pathogenic bone destruction of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Recently, it was shown that immature dendritic cells (iDC) fuse faster and more efficiently than monocytes in forming OC-like multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), and that osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bone diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that OPN is a key factor for generation of OC-like MGCs from iDCs. We used an in vitro culture system to differentiate iDCs, derived from monocytes obtained from the blood of healthy donors, into OC-like MGCs. We evaluated OPN levels and expression of OPN receptors during the course of differentiation. OPN has an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif, and protease cleavage reveals a SVVYGLR motif. The concentrations of both full-length and cleaved forms of OPN increased during the course of OC-like MGC formation. Expression of OPN RGD- and SVVYGLR-recognizing receptors also increased at later stages. We analyzed whether blocking OPN binding to its receptors affected OC-like MGC formation. Monocytes treated with OPN siRNA were able to differentiate into iDCs effectively; however, differentiation of these iDCs into OC-like MGCs was significantly reduced. The formation of OC-like MGCs was not significantly reduced by RGD synthetic peptide. By contrast, SVVYGLR synthetic peptide caused a significant reduction. These data suggest that the cleaved form of OPN plays a critical role in driving iDC differentiation into OC-like MGCs in the early phase of differentiation, in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1, Yakushi-ji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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29
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Wolak T. Osteopontin - a multi-modal marker and mediator in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:327-37. [PMID: 25128758 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of the vessel wall with systemic correlates. It is now well established that patients' outcome is tightly linked to atherosclerotic plaque stability, potentially more so than to the mere plaque size. Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein, which was recognized as a significant participant in the atherosclerotic inflammatory milieu. Evidence from several genetic mouse models suggests that OPN is an enhancer of atherosclerosis. This may be mediated by its capacity to enhance inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Interestingly, OPN may also possess potentially protective vascular effects, such as attenuation of vascular calcification. In humans circulating levels of OPN were found to be independently associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, several studies report that high plasma OPN levels were associated with increased risk for major adverse cardiac events. This review aims to critically assess current understanding of the role of OPN in the atherosclerotic process, from animal models to clinical practice. Specific focus is given to evaluating whether OPN could serve as a marker for monitoring coronary atherosclerosis severity, and in parallel, assess the evidence for its role as a mediator in the pathogenic pathways leading to atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Hypertension Unit Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
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Lancha A, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Becerril S, Sáinz N, Ramírez B, Burrell MA, Salvador J, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J. Osteopontin deletion prevents the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis via impaired adipose tissue matrix remodeling and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in adipose tissue and liver in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98398. [PMID: 24871103 PMCID: PMC4037189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM) protein involved in multiple physiological processes. OPN expression is dramatically increased in visceral adipose tissue in obesity and the lack of OPN protects against the development of insulin resistance and inflammation in mice. We sought to unravel the potential mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of the absence of OPN. We analyzed the effect of the lack of OPN in the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) using OPN-KO mice. OPN expression was upregulated in epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and liver in wild type (WT) mice with HFD. OPN-KO mice had higher insulin sensitivity, lower body weight and fat mass with reduced adipose tissue ECM remodeling and reduced adipocyte size than WT mice under a HFD. Reduced MMP2 and MMP9 activity was involved in the decreased ECM remodeling. Crown-like structure number in EWAT as well as F4/80-positive cells and Emr1 expression in EWAT and liver increased with HFD, while OPN-deficiency blunted the increase. Moreover, our data show for the first time that OPN-KO under a HFD mice display reduced fibrosis in adipose tissue and liver, as well as reduced oxidative stress in adipose tissue. Gene expression of collagens Col1a1, Col6a1 and Col6a3 in EWAT and liver, as well as the profibrotic cytokine Tgfb1 in EWAT were increased with HFD, while OPN-deficiency prevented this increase. OPN deficiency prevented hepatic steatosis via reduction in the expression of molecules involved in the onset of fat accumulation such as Pparg, Srebf1, Fasn, Mogat1, Dgat2 and Cidec. Furthermore, OPN-KO mice exhibited higher body temperature and improved BAT function. The present data reveal novel mechanisms of OPN in the development of obesity, pointing out the inhibition of OPN as a promising target for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Lancha
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Gaudio A, Privitera F, Pulvirenti I, Canzonieri E, Rapisarda R, Fiore CE. The relationship between inhibitors of the Wnt signalling pathway (sclerostin and Dickkopf-1) and carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:48-52. [PMID: 24227537 DOI: 10.1177/1479164113510923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the extracellular inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signalling sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We performed a cross-sectional study including 40 T2DM postmenopausal women and 40 healthy controls. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound. Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM group than in controls. There was a significant negative correlation between sclerostin and Dkk-1 and CIMT in T2DM (p = 0.0063 and p = 0.0017, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders, associations remained significant only for sclerostin. These data suggest that sclerostin, an established modulator of the canonical Wnt signalling, may protect against progression of vascular complications in diabetic patients, possibly by attenuating upregulation of β-catenin activity in the vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Clinica Medica 'L. Condorelli', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Tang X, Zhong W, Tu Q, Ding B. NADPH oxidase mediates the expression of MMP-9 in cerebral tissue after ischemia–reperfusion damage. Neurol Res 2013; 36:118-25. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Xie XY, Yang C, Ren M, Hao SY, Zhu P, Yan L. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in rat dermal fibroblasts using small interfering RNA. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2013; 102:299-308. [PMID: 22826328 DOI: 10.7547/1020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix components. Increased MMP-9 content in diabetic skin contributes to skin vulnerability and refractory foot ulcers. To identify ways to decrease MMP-9 levels in skin, inhibition of MMP-9 expression in dermal fibroblasts using small interfering RNA was investigated in vitro. METHODS A full-thickness wound was created on the midback of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; skin biopsies were performed 3 days later. Skin MMP-9 expression was observed by immunohistochemical analysis. Dermal fibroblasts from 1-day-old normal Sprague Dawley rats cultured with high glucose and homocysteine concentrations were transfected with small interfering RNA complexes. Cells were collected 30, 48, and 72 hours after transfection, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and gelatin zymography for MMP-9 were performed. RESULTS Expression of MMP-9 was increased in diabetic rat skin, especially around wounds. After 30-, 48-, and 72-hour transfection with each MMP-9-specific small interfering RNA, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed markedly decreased MMP-9 messenger RNA expression, protein abundance, and activity. Of four MMP-9 small interfering RNAs, one sequence had a stable high inhibition rate (>70% at 30 and 48 hours after transfection). CONCLUSIONS Expression of MMP-9 was increased in diabetic rat skin, especially around wounds, and was markedly inhibited after MMP-9 small interfering RNA transfection in vitro (P < .05). These findings may provide new treatments for diabetic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li YQ, Li XB, Guo SJ, Chu SL, Gao PJ, Zhu DL, Niu WQ, Jia N. Apocynin attenuates oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:352-9. [PMID: 23334241 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, produced cardioproteictive effects in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously infused Ang II for 4 weeks to mimic cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Concomitantly the mice were administered apocynin (100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or/and the aldosterone receptor blocker eplerenone (200 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) via gavage for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. For in vitro study, cardiac fibroblasts were treated with Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) in the presence of apocynin (10(-5) mol/L) or/and eplerenone (10(-5) mol/L). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to quantify the expression levels of NADPH oxidase and osteopontin (OPN) proteins in the cells. RESULTS Both apocynin and eplerenone significantly decreased SBP, and markedly improved diastolic dysfunction in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, accompanied with ameliorated oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis. In the Ang II-treated cardiac fibroblasts, the expression levels of NOX4 and OPN proteins were markedly upregulated. Both Apocynin and eplerenone significantly suppressed the increased expression levels of NOX4 and OPN proteins in the Ang II-treated cells. In all the experiments, apocynin and eplerenone produced comparable effects. Co-administration of the two agents did not produce synergic effects. CONCLUSION Apocynin produces cardioproteictive effects comparable to those of eplerenone. The beneficial effects of apocynin on myocardial oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis might be mediated partly through a pathway involving NADPH oxidase and OPN.
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Wolak T, Sion-Vardi N, Novack V, Greenberg G, Szendro G, Tarnovscki T, Nov O, Shelef I, Paran E, Rudich A. N-terminal rather than full-length osteopontin or its C-terminal fragment is associated with carotid-plaque inflammation in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:326-33. [PMID: 23382482 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive patients develop carotid atherosclerotic plaques with enhanced inflammation. Full-length osteopontin (OPN-FL), a multifunctional protein whose levels are elevated in association with atherosclerosis, is cleaved by thrombin and matrix metalloproteinases to form a C-terminal and a putatively biologically active N-terminal fragment (OPN-C, OPN-N, respectively). We conducted a study to examine whether plaque inflammation in hypertensive patients corresponds to the expression of OPN or of its cleaved forms or both. METHODS We collected 42 carotid plaques from 41 consecutive hypertensive patients during carotid endarterectomy. Plaque tissue was used to measure matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) and OPN proteins, and for the classification of plaques as showing low- or high-degree inflammation through histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS Fifteen highly inflamed plaques and 27 plaques with characteristics of low-grade inflammation were collected. Moderate to heavy staining for OPN characterized 87% of the plaques with high-degree inflammation but only 44% of those with low-degree inflammation, corresponding to the percentages of plaques that were heavily stained for the macrophage marker CD68 (93% versus 26%, respectively, P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the abundance of OPN-FL and OPN-C was comparable in the two groups. However, the abundance of OPN-N was significantly greater in the highly inflamed plaques (median, 3.8 (range, 0.8-7.3) vs. median, 0.9 (range, 0.2-1.5); P = 0.017, respectively). The abundance of MMP-12 was significantly greater in the high- than in the low-degree plaque inflammation group (4.8 (range 1.9-8.8) vs. 1.1 (range 0.3-1.4), respectively; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The N-terminal fragment of osteopontin, rather than OPN-FL or OPN-C, is associated with carotid plaque inflammation in hypertensive patients. Future studies should assess whether targeting OPN cleavage could present a new approach to preventing high-risk carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Hypertension Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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Shuhong Z, Hongjun L, Bo C, Li X, Bingyin S. The Effect of Dantonic Pill on β -Catenin Expression in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Early Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:848679. [PMID: 23691520 PMCID: PMC3652155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/848679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure. This study was performed to determine the effect of Dantonic Pill (DP) treatment on β -catenin expression in a rat model of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced early-stage DN, with irbesartan treatment as a positive control. Including an analysis of the general metabolic index and renal function, immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription real-time PCR for β -catenin were performed in the renal cortex of the rat models every 4 weeks. After the treatments of DP and irbesartan, the albuminuria level, kidney weight/body weight, and thickness of the glomerular basement membrane were decreased, but the expression of β -catenin was not downregulated in the renal cortex. The effective drug target of DP to ameliorate albuminuria and renal hypertrophy should not inhibit the upregulated expression of β -catenin in rats with STZ-induced early-stage diabetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Shuhong
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lv Hongjun
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Cui Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shi Bingyin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
- *Shi Bingyin:
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Gao SG, Cheng L, Zeng C, Wei LC, Zhang FJ, Tian J, Tu M, Luo W, Lei GH. Usefulness of specific OA biomarkers, thrombin-cleaved osteopontin, in the posterior cruciate ligament OA rabbit model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:144-50. [PMID: 23025929 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We undertook this study to determine whether thrombin-cleaved osteopontin (OPN) in synovial fluid (SF) represents a useful marker of osteoarthritis (OA) progression in the posterior cruciate ligament transection (PCLT) OA rabbit model. METHOD PCLT was performed on the right knee joints of 48 rabbits. The rabbits were then sacrificed separately at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks post-surgery, when the joint was harvested and macroscopic and histological assessments of articular cartilage were performed. Thrombin-cleaved OPN product in SF was determined using Western blotting and the levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The macroscopic and histological scores for PCLT knees were already elevated 4 weeks after surgery and increased with time. Western blotting showed the presence of thrombin-cleaved OPN in SF from PCLT knees. Thrombin-cleaved OPN levels in SF were elevated at 4 weeks (P < 0.001) and were elevated peaking at 24 weeks (P < 0.00001) after PCLT compared to baseline. A positive significant correlation was found between thrombin-cleaved OPN levels and the macroscopic scores (8 weeks: ρ = 0.695, P = 0.012; 16 weeks: ρ = 0.751, P = 0.005; 24 weeks: ρ = 0.660, P = 0.020). Furthermore, the same correlation was noted between thrombin-cleaved OPN levels and the histological scores (4 weeks: ρ = 0.609, P = 0.036; 8 weeks: ρ = 0.662, P = 0.019; 16 weeks: ρ = 0.827, P = 0.001; 24 weeks: ρ = 0.813, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In this rabbit model of PCLT, thrombin-cleaved OPN levels in SF appear to provide a useful marker of OA disease severity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Lai CF, Shao JS, Behrmann A, Krchma K, Cheng SL, Towler DA. TNFR1-activated reactive oxidative species signals up-regulate osteogenic Msx2 programs in aortic myofibroblasts. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3897-910. [PMID: 22685265 PMCID: PMC3404358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In LDLR(-/-) mice fed high-fat diabetogenic diets, osteogenic gene-regulatory programs are ectopically activated in vascular myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells that promote arteriosclerotic calcium deposition. Msx2-Wnt signaling pathways previously identified as important for craniofacial skeletal development are induced in the vasculature by TNF, a prototypic cytokine mediator of the low-grade systemic inflammation of diabesity. To better understand this biology, we studied TNF actions on Msx2 in aortic myofibroblasts. TNF up-regulated Msx2 mRNA 4-fold within 3 h but did not regulate Msx1. Although IL-1β could also induce Msx2 expression, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and IL-6 were inactive. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) activity and genetically induced Nox deficiency (p47phox(-/-)) reduced Msx2 induction, indicating contributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling. Consistent with this, rotenone, an antagonist of mitochondrial complex I, inhibited TNF induction of Msx2 and Nox2, whereas pyruvate, an anapleurotic mitochondrial metabolic substrate, enhanced induction. Moreover, the glutathione peroxidase-mimetic ebselen abrogated this TNF response. Treatment of aortic myofibroblasts with hydrogen peroxide up-regulated Msx2 mRNA, promoter activity, and DNA-protein interactions. In vivo, SM22-TNF transgenic mice exhibit increased aortic Msx2 with no change in Msx1. Dosing SM22-TNF mice with either 20 ng/g Nox1 + 20 ng/g Nox2 antisense oligonucleotides or low-dose rotenone reduced arterial Msx2 expression. Aortic myofibroblasts from TNFR1(-/-) mice expressed levels of Msx2 that were 5% that of wild-type and were not inducible by TNF. Wnt7b and active β-catenin levels were also reduced. By contrast, TNF-inducible Msx2 expression was not reduced in TNFR2(-/-) cells. Finally, when cultured under mineralizing conditions, TNFR1(-/-) aortic myofibroblasts exhibited reduced calcification compared with wild-type and TNFR2(-/-) cells. Thus, ROS metabolism contributes to TNF induction of Msx2 and procalcific responses in myofibroblasts via TNFR1. Strategies that reduce vascular Nox- or mitochondrially activated ROS signals may prove useful in mitigating arteriosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fang Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lee S, Springstead JR, Parks BW, Romanoski CE, Palvolgyi R, Ho T, Nguyen P, Lusis AJ, Berliner JA. Metalloproteinase processing of HBEGF is a proximal event in the response of human aortic endothelial cells to oxidized phospholipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1246-54. [PMID: 22402363 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.241257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by monocyte recruitment and retention in the vessel wall. An important mediator of monocyte endothelial interaction is the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8. The oxidation products of phospholipids, including oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (Ox-PAPC), accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and strongly induce IL-8 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The goal of this study was to identify the proximal events leading to induction of IL-8 by Ox-PAPC in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In a systems genetics analysis of HAECs isolated from 96 different human donors, we showed that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) transcript levels are strongly correlated to IL-8 induction by Ox-PAPC. The silencing and overexpression of HBEGF in HAECs confirmed the role of HBEGF in regulating IL-8 expression. HBEGF has been shown to be stored in an inactive form and activation is dependent on processing by a dysintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM) to a form that can activate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Ox-PAPC was shown to rapidly induce HBEGF processing and EGF receptor activation in HAECs. Using siRNA we identified 3 ADAMs that regulate IL-8 induction and directly demonstrated that Ox-PAPC increases ADAM activity in the cells using a substrate cleavage assay. We provide evidence for one mechanism of Ox-PAPC activation of ADAM involving covalent binding of Ox-PAPC to cysteine on ADAM. Free thiol cysteine analogs showed inhibition of IL-8 induction by Ox-PAPC, and both a cysteine analog and a cell surface thiol blocker strongly inhibited ADAM activity induction by Ox-PAPC. Using microarray analyses, we determined that this ADAM pathway may regulate at least 30% of genes induced by Ox-PAPC in HAECs. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report demonstrating a role for the ADAM-HBEGF-EGF receptor axis in Ox-PAPC induction of IL-8 in HAECs. These studies highlight a role for specific ADAMs as initiators of Ox-PAPC action and provide evidence for a role of covalent interaction of Ox-PAPC in activation of ADAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangderk Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Irita J, Okura T, Jotoku M, Nagao T, Enomoto D, Kurata M, Desilva VR, Miyoshi KI, Matsui Y, Uede T, Denhardt DT, Rittiling SR, Higaki J. Osteopontin deficiency protects against aldosterone-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F833-44. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00557.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated in the pathology of several renal conditions. Recently, we demonstrated in vitro that aldosterone has important roles in collagen synthesis by inducing OPN (Irita J, Okura T, Kurata M, Miyoshi K, Fukuoka T, Higaki J. Hypertension 51: 507–513, 2008). The aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of OPN in aldosterone-mediated renal fibrosis by infusing aldosterone into either wild-type (WT) or OPN knockout mice (OPN−/−). We used uninephrectomized mice treated with aldosterone and high salt to exacerbate renal fibrosis. After 4 wk of treatment with aldosterone, we showed similar increases in systolic blood pressure in both strains of mice. Urine albumin excretion was greater in aldosterone-infused WT mice than in aldosterone-infused OPN−/− mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high levels of OPN expression in aldosterone-infused WT mice. Interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrations were increased in aldosterone-infused WT mice compared with either vehicle-infused WT or aldosterone-infused OPN−/− mice. These changes were ameliorated markedly by eplerenone treatment in aldosterone-infused WT mice. Aldosterone-infused WT mice also had increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits compared with aldosterone-infused OPN−/− mice. We observed a marked increase in oxidative stress markers in aldosterone-infused WT mice compared with aldosterone-infused OPN−/− mice. These results indicate that OPN is a promoter of aldosterone-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney and suggest that inhibition of OPN may be a potential therapeutic target for prevention of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Irita
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Takafumi Okura
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Masanori Jotoku
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Tomoaki Nagao
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Daijiro Enomoto
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Veena Rasika Desilva
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Ken-ichi Miyoshi
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | | | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - David T. Denhardt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
| | | | - Jitsuo Higaki
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
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Zhang R, Pan X, Huang Z, Weber GF, Zhang G. Osteopontin enhances the expression and activity of MMP-2 via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23831. [PMID: 21909361 PMCID: PMC3166084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Osteopontin, SDF-1α, and MMP-2 are important secreted molecules involved in the pathophysiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigates the effect of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis on expression and activity of MMP-2 induced by osteopontin. Methods The expression of CXCR4, SDF-1α, MMP-2 and their associated cellular signaling cascades, involving Akt and MAP Kinases, were determined by Western blotting. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assayed by gel zymography. The role of the osteopontin receptors integrin αvβ3 and CD44v6 was evaluated using neutralizing antibodies. We also established CXCR4-deficient SMMC7721 cell lines by transfection with miRNA-CXCR4 plasmids and determined cell invasion activity in a transwell assay. Results In comparison with untreated cells, recombinant human osteopontin (rhOPN) up-regulated CXCR4, SDF-1α, and MMP-2 expression about 5-, 4-, and 6-fold on the protein levels through binding to integrin αvβ3 and CD44v6 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC7721 and HepG2). Inhibition of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis down-regulated the rhOPN-induced MMP-2 expression and activity. rhOPN also activated Akt, p38 and JNK. Down-regulation of CXCR4 decreased the rhOPN-induced invasion in SMMC7721 cells. Conclusion These results indicate that rhOPN up-regulates MMP-2 through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, mediated by binding to integrin αvβ3 and CD44v6 and activating the PI-3K/Akt and JNK pathways in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. Therefore, the osteopontin-SDF-1α/CXCR4-MMP-2 system may be a new therapeutic target for treating HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuhu Huang
- Department of Infection Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Georg F. Weber
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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New SEP, Aikawa E. Molecular imaging insights into early inflammatory stages of arterial and aortic valve calcification. Circ Res 2011. [PMID: 21617135 DOI: 10.1161/circr esaha.110.234146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional imaging modalities such as computed tomography, although perfectly adept at identifying and quantifying advanced calcification, cannot detect the early stages of this disorder and offer limited insight into the mechanisms of mineral dysregulation. This review presents optical molecular imaging as a promising tool that simultaneously detects pathobiological processes associated with inflammation and early stages of calcification in vivo at the (sub)cellular levels. Research into treatment of cardiovascular calcification is lacking, as shown by clinical trials that have failed to demonstrate the reduction of calcific aortic stenosis. Hence, the need to elucidate the pathways that contribute to cardiovascular calcification and to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse calcification has driven investigations into the use of molecular imaging. This review discusses studies that have used molecular imaging methods to advance knowledge of cardiovascular calcification, focusing in particular on the inflammation-dependent mechanisms of arterial and aortic valve calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E P New
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Shao JS, Sierra OL, Cohen R, Mecham RP, Kovacs A, Wang J, Distelhorst K, Behrmann A, Halstead LR, Towler DA. Vascular calcification and aortic fibrosis: a bifunctional role for osteopontin in diabetic arteriosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1821-33. [PMID: 21597007 PMCID: PMC3141097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcification and fibrosis reduce vascular compliance in arteriosclerosis. To better understand the role of osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein upregulated in diabetic arteries, we evaluated contributions of OPN in male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS OPN had no impact on high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or body composition. However, OPN-/-;LDLR-/- mice exhibited an altered time-course of aortic calcium accrual-reduced during initiation but increased with progression-versus OPN+/+;LDLR-/- controls. Collagen accumulation, chondroid metaplasia, and mural thickness were increased in aortas of OPN-/-;LDLR-/- mice. Aortic compliance was concomitantly reduced. Vascular reexpression of OPN (SM22-OPN transgene) reduced aortic Col2A1 and medial chondroid metaplasia but did not affect atherosclerotic calcification, Col1A1 expression, collagen accumulation, or arterial stiffness. Dosing with the proinflammatory OPN fragment SVVYGLR upregulated aortic Wnt and osteogenic gene expression, increased aortic β-catenin, and restored early-phase aortic calcification in OPN-/-;LDLR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS OPN exerts stage-specific roles in arteriosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice. Actions phenocopied by the OPN metabolite SVVYGLR promote osteogenic calcification processes with disease initiation. OPN limits vascular chondroid metaplasia, endochondral mineralization, and collagen accumulation with progression. Complete deficiency yields a net increase in arteriosclerotic disease, reducing aortic compliance and conduit vessel function in LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Su Shao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Oscar L. Sierra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathryn Distelhorst
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abraham Behrmann
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda R. Halstead
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dwight A. Towler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
Traditional imaging modalities such as computed tomography, although perfectly adept at identifying and quantifying advanced calcification, cannot detect the early stages of this disorder and offer limited insight into the mechanisms of mineral dysregulation. This review presents optical molecular imaging as a promising tool that simultaneously detects pathobiological processes associated with inflammation and early stages of calcification in vivo at the (sub)cellular levels. Research into treatment of cardiovascular calcification is lacking, as shown by clinical trials that have failed to demonstrate the reduction of calcific aortic stenosis. Hence, the need to elucidate the pathways that contribute to cardiovascular calcification and to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse calcification has driven investigations into the use of molecular imaging. This review discusses studies that have used molecular imaging methods to advance knowledge of cardiovascular calcification, focusing in particular on the inflammation-dependent mechanisms of arterial and aortic valve calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E P New
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Innasimuthu AL, Katz WE. Effect of bisphosphonates on the progression of degenerative aortic stenosis. Echocardiography 2011; 28:1-7. [PMID: 20678125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates appear to regulate mineralization in both bone and vasculature. Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is thought to be due to vascular calcification. We studied the effect of bisphosphonates on the progression of degenerative AS. A retrospective study was performed on patients >70 years, who had transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) >1 year apart and an initial aortic valve area (AVA) of 0.6-2.0 cm². Patients were excluded if they had an ejection fraction <40%, other significant valvular or congenital heart disease, end-stage renal disease or heart transplant. The cohort was divided depending on the use of bisphosphonates. Data were obtained by review of the TTE reports. AVA, peak and mean aortic valve gradient (AVG), and the change between the studies were calculated. Of 4,270 patients screened for AS, 76 patients fit study criteria with 8 in the bisphosphonate group and 68 in the nonbisphosphonate group. The period between the TTEs was 23 ± 5 months in both the groups. AVA in the nonbisphosphonate group worsened by 0.2 cm² and in the bisphosphonate group it improved by 0.1 cm² (P = 0.001 vs. nonbisphosphonate). The changes in peak and mean AVG between groups and compared to baseline were not significant. Bisphosphonates show promise for slowing the progression of degenerative AS.
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Menon R, Fortunato SJ, Yu J, Milne GL, Sanchez S, Drobek CO, Lappas M, Taylor RN. Cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in normal term fetal membranes. Placenta 2011; 32:317-22. [PMID: 21367451 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and bacterial infections are two major risk factors associated with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM). We hypothesized that exposure of fetal membranes to cigarette smoke extracts might induce oxidative stress (OS) and fetal membrane apoptosis, culminating in an alternate pathway to that commonly activated by infection. To test this, we characterized the production of prostanoids and biomarkers of apoptosis in normal term human fetal membrane explant cultures. Fetal membrane explants collected at term (from cesarean deliveries, not in labor) were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 h. Two classes of prostanoids, F2-Isoprostane (F2-IsoP), a marker of OS and PGF2α, a classical uterotonin, were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Western blot analyses of tissue lysates were performed to quantify the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and actin (as a control). Fetal membrane apoptosis was detected by immunohistochemistry for active caspase 3 and confirmed by TUNEL staining for nuclear fragmentation. CSE exposure resulted in significantly more F2-IsoP production from fetal membranes (242.8 ± 79.3 pg/ml/mg of total membrane protein) compared to unstimulated controls (131.5 ± 53.1 pg/ml/mg; p < 0.0001). By contrast, PGF2α was not different in CSE vs. controls (1083 ± 527 vs. 1136 ± 835 pg/ml/mg of protein; p = 0.80). CSE-exposed tissues demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in Bcl2 expression and increases in active caspase 3 and nuclear fragmentation in both amnion and chorion cells compared to controls. In summary, fetal membranes exposed to CSE manifest evidence of OS and apoptosis. The differential pattern of prostanoid production observed in this study supports the hypothesis that an alternate non-inflammatory pathway mediated by OS and apoptosis in pPROM may promote proteolysis resulting in membrane weakening and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menon
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Shin JH, Sung KB, Kim EY, Shin DH, Song HY. A Rat Tracheal Model to Investigate Stent-induced Tissue Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010; 21:1878-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yan X, Sano M, Lu L, Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wang L, Chen Q, Fukuda K, Shen W. Plasma concentrations of osteopontin, but not thrombin-cleaved osteopontin, are associated with the presence and severity of nephropathy and coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:70. [PMID: 21034455 PMCID: PMC2988001 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess possible associations between osteopontin (OPN), and thrombin-cleaved (N-half) OPN, and nephropathy and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Plasma levels of OPN, N-half OPN, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined in 301 diabetic patients with (n = 226) or without (n = 75) angiographically documented CAD (luminal diameter narrowing >50%), as well as in 75 non-diabetic controls with normal angiography. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated in all patients. Results Plasma levels of OPN and hsCRP were significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared with controls. In addition, there was a higher occurrence of moderate renal insufficiency and lower eGFR in patients with T2DM (all P < 0.01). T2DM patients in whom OPN levels were greater than the median value had higher serum creatinine levels, a greater prevalence of mild or moderate renal insufficiency, a higher incidence of CAD, and lower eGFR (all P < 0.05) than T2DM patients in whom OPN levels were the same as or lower than the median value. However, there were no differences in these parameters when patients were stratified according to plasma N-half OPN levels. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between OPN, but not N-half OPN, and the severity of nephropathy and CAD in diabetes. After adjustment for potential confounders and treatments, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between OPN, but not N-half OPN, and eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher OPN levels conferred a fourfold greater risk of renal insufficiency and CAD in patients with T2DM. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that there is an independent association between plasma levels of OPN, but not N-half OPN, and the presence and severity of nephropathy and CAD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Protein targets of inflammatory serine proteases and cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:45. [PMID: 20804552 PMCID: PMC2936362 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases are a key component of the inflammatory response as they are discharged from activated leukocytes and mast cells or generated through the coagulation cascade. Their enzymatic activity plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms but it has also an impact on vascular homeostasis and tissue remodeling. Here we focus on the biological role of serine proteases in the context of cardiovascular disease and their mechanism(s) of action in determining specific vascular and tissue phenotypes. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate serine protease effects; however, these proteases also exert a number of biological activities independent of PARs as they target specific protein substrates implicated in vascular remodeling and the development of cardiovascular disease thus controlling their activities. In this review both PAR-dependent and -independent mechanisms of action of serine proteases are discussed for their relevance to vascular homeostasis and structural/functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. The elucidation of these mechanisms will lead to a better understanding of the molecular forces that control vascular and tissue homeostasis and to effective preventative and therapeutic approaches.
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