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Boyd SM, Riley KL, Giesinger RE, McNamara PJ. Use of vasopressin in neonatal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: case series. J Perinatol 2021; 41:126-133. [PMID: 32951013 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of vasopressin on arterial blood pressure in infants with neonatal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case study in Neonatal ICU involving six infants; five born to mothers with diabetes mellitus (mean gestational age 37.5 ± 0.9 weeks). Vasopressin infusion was started at a mean dose of 0.3 ± 0.2 mU/kg/min. RESULT Initiation of vasopressin was followed by improved mean (p = 0.004), systolic (p = 0.028), and diastolic (p = 0.009) arterial pressure within 2 h. Heart rate (p = 0.025) and oxygen requirement (p = 0.021) also declined after initiation. Serum sodium declined initially and recovered by 72 h (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Although there is limited experience with vasopressin use in neonatal HOCM, our case series suggests it may be beneficial for improving systemic hypotension and stabilization of hemodynamics. The potential for hyponatremia is high, necessitating careful fluid/electrolyte management. A prospective randomized trial is necessary to confirm safety and efficacy of vasopressin treatment in neonatal HOCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Boyd
- Neonatology Department, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada.,Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Rd and Hainsworth St, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kristin L Riley
- Division of Neonatology, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Regan E Giesinger
- Neonatology Department, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada.,Division of Neonatology, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Neonatology Department, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada. .,Division of Neonatology, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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2
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Elarjani T, Almutairi OT, Alhussinan MA, Bafaquh M, Alturki AY. Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on the basilar artery. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:307. [PMID: 33093984 PMCID: PMC7568095 DOI: 10.25259/sni_424_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The basilar artery (BA) is one of the most critical vessels that supply blood to the brain stem, cerebellum, and parts of the cerebral hemispheres. Many studies on the BA from neurobiological, clinical, and experimental perspectives exist. This bibliometric study was aimed at identifying the most-cited articles related to the BA in different disciplines. Methods A title-specific search was carried out using the Scopus database, and the top 100 most-cited articles were collected and analyzed. Article- and cytometric-based parameters were established for the literature review. Results The top 100 articles have an accumulative citation count of 13,595, with an average of 135.95 citations per paper. The publication dates range from 1946 to 2015, with the most productive years being those in the 1990s. Experimental studies are the most frequent category, followed by endovascular ones. The top-cited article has received a total of 435 citations, with 18.12 citations per year. The United States of America has contributed the most to the top 100 cited articles. The lead research institution was the University of Bern, and the most contributing journal was the Journal of Neurosurgery. Conclusion A bibliometric analysis of BA researches revealed landmark papers and trends over the years, such as on the introduction of endovascular management in basilar aneurysm and occlusion. The highly cited articles in multi-disciplinary areas related to the BA may help develop future novel ideas for research in the laboratory and translational fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Elarjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Othman T Almutairi
- Adult Neurosurgery Department, Neuroscience National Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi A Alhussinan
- College of medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bafaquh
- Adult Neurosurgery Department, Neuroscience National Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Y Alturki
- Adult Neurosurgery Department, Neuroscience National Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Kang H, Sun A, Wu Q, Yang J, Zhang W, Qu Y, Gao M, Deng X. Atherogenic diet-diminished endothelial glycocalyx contributes to impaired vasomotor properties in rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H814-H823. [PMID: 32822214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia- and atherosclerosis-caused vasomotor property dysfunction may be involved in many clinic manifestations of atherosclerosis, including angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. However, its underlying mechanism is not clear. The endothelial glycocalyx is a protective surface layer on the endothelial cells, serving as a molecular sieve, cell adhesion modulator, and mechanosensor for blood flow. In the present study, we demonstrated by confocal microscopy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats fed a 12-wk high-cholesterol diet (HC) compared with the normal diet (NC) that the dimension of the endothelial glycocalyx reduced significantly in both the common carotid artery (2.89 ± 0.41 µm and 3.25 ± 0.44 μm, respectively) and the internal sinus region (2.35 ± 0.07 µm and 3.46 ± 0.86 μm, respectively). Furthermore, we showed by real-time PCR that this dimension modification of endothelial glycocalyx may be attributed to a significant downregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-related genes, including syndecan-3, glypican-1, and EXT1, not resulting from an enhanced shedding of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) from the vessel wall to the plasma. Meanwhile, the mean contraction and relaxation forces of the common carotid artery with responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) decreased ~0.34- and 0.13-fold, respectively, accompanied by a lower level of nitric oxide (NO) release. These findings suggest that the atherogenic high cholesterol diet diminished endothelial glycocalyx and disturbed the local NO release, thus contributing to the impaired vasomotor properties of the vessel.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Twelve-week high-cholesterol (HC) diet reduces the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats, which is mainly attributed to a downregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan-related genes (syndecan-3, glypican-1, EXT1), not resulting from an enhanced shedding of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) into the plasma. HC-diminished glycocalyx may disturb its mechanotransduction of local shear stress, lower nitric oxide (NO) release, and impair vasomotor responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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4
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Rhee CJ, da Costa CS, Austin T, Brady KM, Czosnyka M, Lee JK. Neonatal cerebrovascular autoregulation. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:602-610. [PMID: 30196311 PMCID: PMC6422675 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation is the physiologic mechanism that holds cerebral blood flow (CBF) relatively constant across changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Cerebral vasoreactivity refers to the vasoconstriction and vasodilation that occur during fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) to maintain autoregulation. These are vital protective mechanisms of the brain. Impairments in pressure autoregulation increase the risk of brain injury and persistent neurologic disability. Autoregulation may be impaired during various neonatal disease states including prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intraventricular hemorrhage, congenital cardiac disease, and infants requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Because infants are exquisitely sensitive to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), both hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion can cause significant neurologic injury. We will review neonatal pressure autoregulation and autoregulation monitoring techniques with a focus on brain protection. Current clinical therapies have failed to fully prevent permanent brain injuries in neonates. Adjuvant treatments that support and optimize autoregulation may improve neurologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Rhee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Topun Austin
- Neonatal Unit, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken M. Brady
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Ronn J, Jensen EP, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Holst JJ, Sorensen CM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 acutely affects renal blood flow and urinary flow rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats despite significantly reduced renal expression of GLP-1 receptors. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29233907 PMCID: PMC5727271 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin hormone increasing postprandial insulin release. GLP‐1 also induces diuresis and natriuresis in humans and rodents. The GLP‐1 receptor is extensively expressed in the renal vascular tree in normotensive rats where acute GLP‐1 treatment leads to increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increased renal blood flow (RBF). In hypertensive animal models, GLP‐1 has been reported both to increase and decrease MAP. The aim of this study was to examine expression of renal GLP‐1 receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to assess the effect of acute intrarenal infusion of GLP‐1. We hypothesized that GLP‐1 would increase diuresis and natriuresis and reduce MAP in SHR. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization for the GLP‐1 receptor were used to localize GLP‐1 receptors in the kidney. Sevoflurane‐anesthetized normotensive Sprague–Dawley rats and SHR received a 20 min intrarenal infusion of GLP‐1 and changes in MAP, RBF, heart rate, dieresis, and natriuresis were measured. The vasodilatory effect of GLP‐1 was assessed in isolated interlobar arteries from normo‐ and hypertensive rats. We found no expression of GLP‐1 receptors in the kidney from SHR. However, acute intrarenal infusion of GLP‐1 increased MAP, RBF, dieresis, and natriuresis without affecting heart rate in both rat strains. These results suggest that the acute renal effects of GLP‐1 in SHR are caused either by extrarenal GLP‐1 receptors activating other mechanisms (e.g., insulin) to induce the renal changes observed or possibly by an alternative renal GLP‐1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ronn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa P Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Sorensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Laursen SB, Finsen S, Marcussen N, Quaggin SE, Hansen PBL, Dimke H. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor ablation does not alter blood pressure, kidney function or renal vessel contractility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193032. [PMID: 29466427 PMCID: PMC5821352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone blockade confers substantial cardiovascular and renal protection. The effects of aldosterone on mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) expressed in endothelial cells (EC) within the renal vasculature have not been delineated. We hypothesized that lack of MR in EC may be protective in renal vasculature and examined this by ablating the Nr3c2 gene in endothelial cells (EC-MR) in mice. Blood pressure, heart rate and PAH clearance were measured using indwelling catheters in conscious mice. The role of the MR in EC on contraction and relaxation was investigated in the renal artery and in perfused afferent arterioles. Urinary sodium excretion was determined by use of metabolic cages. EC-MR transgenics had markedly decreased MR expression in isolated aortic endothelial cells as compared to littermates (WT). Blood pressure and effective renal plasma flow at baseline and following AngII infusion was similar between groups. No differences in contraction and relaxation were observed between WT and EC-MR KO in isolated renal arteries during baseline or following 2 or 4 weeks of AngII infusion. The constriction or dilatations of afferent arterioles between genotypes were not different. No changes were found between the groups with respect to urinary excretion of sodium after 4 weeks of AngII infusion, or in urinary albumin excretion and kidney morphology. In conclusion, deletion of the EC-MR does not confer protection towards the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction of renal arteries or renal function following prolonged AngII-infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel B. Laursen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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7
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Burford NG, Webster NA, Cruz-Topete D. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Modulation of Glucocorticoids in the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102150. [PMID: 29035323 PMCID: PMC5666832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The collective of endocrine organs acting in homeostatic regulation—known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis—comprises an integration of the central nervous system as well as peripheral tissues. These organs respond to imminent or perceived threats that elicit a stress response, primarily culminating in the release of glucocorticoids into the systemic circulation by the adrenal glands. Although the secretion of glucocorticoids serves to protect and maintain homeostasis in the typical operation at baseline levels, inadequate regulation can lead to physiologic and psychologic pathologies. The cardiovascular system is especially susceptible to prolonged dysregulation of the HPA axis and glucocorticoid production. There is debate about whether cardiovascular health risks arise from the direct detrimental effects of stress axis activation or whether pathologies develop secondary to the accompanying metabolic strain of excess glucocorticoids. In this review, we will explore the emerging research that indicates stress does have direct effects on the cardiovascular system via the HPA axis activation, with emphasis on the latest research on the impact of glucocorticoids signaling in the vasculature and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Burford
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Natalia A Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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Brady K, Andropoulos DB, Kibler K, Easley RB. A New Monitor of Pressure Autoregulation: What Does It Add? Anesth Analg 2016; 121:1121-3. [PMID: 26484451 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Brady
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Adachi Y, Sakakura K, Akashi N, Wada H, Momomura SI, Fujita H. Coronary Spastic Angina Induced after Oral Desmopressin (DDAVP) Administration. Intern Med 2016; 55:3603-3606. [PMID: 27980260 PMCID: PMC5283960 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 60-year-old man was prescribed oral desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin acetate trihydrate; DDAVP) for nocturnal polyuria. One week after starting to take desmopressin, he frequently felt chest pain while resting. Coronary angiography revealed no organic stenosis; however, an acetylcholine provocation test showed severe coronary spasm with ST elevation. He was diagnosed with coronary spastic angina, and we stopped the oral desmopressin and added diltiazem. While DDAVP should dilate the coronary vessels in healthy subjects, it may provoke coronary vasospasm in patients with endothelial dysfunction. We should be careful to avoid triggering coronary spasm when administering DDAVP to patients that may have potential endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Adachi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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10
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Cai Y, Manio MM, Leung GP, Xu A, Tang EH, Vanhoutte PM. Thyroid hormone affects both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in rat arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Koshimizu TA, Nakamura K, Egashira N, Hiroyama M, Nonoguchi H, Tanoue A. Vasopressin V1a and V1b Receptors: From Molecules to Physiological Systems. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1813-64. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. These and other actions of AVP are mediated by at least three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. Although the antidiuretic action of AVP and V2 receptor in renal distal tubules and collecting ducts is relatively well understood, recent years have seen an increasing understanding of the physiological roles of V1a and V1b receptors. The V1a receptor is originally found in the vascular smooth muscle and the V1b receptor in the anterior pituitary. Deletion of V1a or V1b receptor genes in mice revealed that the contributions of these receptors extend far beyond cardiovascular or hormone-secreting functions. Together with extensively developed pharmacological tools, genetically altered rodent models have advanced the understanding of a variety of AVP systems. Our report reviews the findings in this important field by covering a wide range of research, from the molecular physiology of V1a and V1b receptors to studies on whole animals, including gene knockout/knockdown studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Koshimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masami Hiroyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Vasopressin attenuates TNF-mediated inflammation in the rat cremaster microcirculation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 67:461-73; discussion 473-5. [PMID: 19741386 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181aa01e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study in a swine polytrauma model suggested that equieffective systemic pressor doses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) versus phenylephrine (PE) have differential effects on the systemic and cerebral microcirculation. The purpose of this study was to directly observe the effects of AVP versus PE on inflammatory changes evoked by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. METHODS Seventy-five male rats (180-250 g) were anesthetized with isoforane, intubated and mechanically ventilated with 100% oxygen. The cremaster muscle microcirculation was prepared for intravital video microscopy while being suffused with a heated hetastarch-electrolyte solution. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin (100 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (i.v.) before one of five protocols. In series 1 (n = 20), either AVP (0.2 U/mL) or its vehicle was added to the suffusate for 10 minutes, washed out for 30 minutes, then TNF was suffused (5 ng/mL) for 30 minutes. In series 2 (n = 16), the protocol was similar, except AVP (0.2 U/mL) or an equieffective dose of PE (0.04 mg/mL) was administered i.v. (4.5 mL/h) for 15 minutes before, during, and 45 minutes after TNF suffusion. In series 3 (n = 12), the protocol was similar to series 2, except venous hemorrhage preceded i.v. AVP or PE. In series 4 (n = 15), the protocol was similar to series 3, except an AVP antagonist (vaprisol, 1 mg/kg i.v.) or its vehicle was administered after hemorrhage. In the control series (n = 13), inflammation was evaluated either with a different suffusate (lactated Ringers instead of hetastarch solution), different antigen (histamine instead of TNF), or hemorrhage with no antigen. RESULTS In series 1, the TNF-evoked increase in leukocyte infiltration (i.e., rolling), leukocyte activation (i.e., sticking), and macromolecular permeability (i.e., albumin extravasation) were attenuated with topical AVP versus vehicle (both p < 0.05), with no effect on venular blood flow (which determines sheer stress). In series 2, the TNF-evoked increase in infiltration, activation, and permeability were all attenuated, and arteriolar blood flow (which determines perfused capillary surface area and hydrostatic pressure) was reduced with i.v. AVP versus i.v. PE (all p < 0.05). In series 3, after hemorrhage to mean arterial pressure <50 mm Hg for 30 minutes, the TNF-evoked increase in infiltration and activation was attenuated, and arteriolar and venular blood flow were both reduced with i.v. AVP versus PE (all p < 0.05). In series 4, after hemorrhage, the TNF-evoked increase in leukocyte activation was potentiated with the vaprisol versus vehicle (p < 0.05) with no effect on arteriolar or venular blood flow. In series 5 (controls), suffusion with lactated Ringers' versus hetastarch solution more than doubled the TNF-evoked increase in activation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION (1) AVP can attenuate TNF-evoked leukocyte infiltration, activation or permeability changes in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. (2) The mechanism is probably receptor mediated and does not entirely depend on sheer stress in venules or Starling forces in capillaries. (3) The magnitude of this anti-inflammatory effect is influenced by several conditions, including volume status, the colloid or crystalloid suffusion fluid, and is possibly specific to the antigenic stimulus (TNF vs. histamine).
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Belfort MA, Saade GR, Moise KJ, Kirshon B, Vanhoutte PM. Magnesium Sulfate and Diphenylhydantoin Relax Canine Middle Cerebral Artery Contracted with the Thromboxane-A2Analogue U46619 by Different Mechanisms: Implications for the Management of Eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10641959409084171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Trabold R, Krieg S, Schöller K, Plesnila N. Role of vasopressin V(1a) and V2 receptors for the development of secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 2009; 25:1459-65. [PMID: 19118456 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain edema is still one of the most deleterious sequels of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its pathophysiology is not sufficiently understood. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), an important regulator of tissue water homeostasis, for the formation of post-traumatic brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), brain damage, and functional deficits following brain trauma. C57/B16 mice (n=112) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI; 8m/s, 1 mm). At 3 min after trauma, animals received 500 ng of the AVP V(1a)-receptor antogonist (deamino-Pen(1), O-Me-Tyr(2), Arg(8)]-Vasopressin) or 500 ng of the AVP V2-receptor antagonist (adamantaneacetyl(1), O-Et-D-Tyr(2),Val(4), Abu(6),Arg(8,9)]-Vasopressin) by intracerebroventricular injection. After trauma, cerebral water content (24 h), ICP (24 h), contusion volume (24 h and 7 days), and functional outcome (1-7 days) were assessed (n=8 per experimental group). Post-traumatic inhibition of AVP V(1A) receptors reduced ICP by 29% (p < 0.05), brain water content by 45% (p < 0.05), and secondary contusion expansion by 37% (p < 0.05), and it significantly improved motor function 6 and 7 days after trauma (p < 0.05). Inhibition of AVP V2 receptors had no significant effect. The current results demonstrate that vasopressin V(1A) receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of brain edema formation and the subsequent development of secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury. Accordingly, our study suggests that vasopressin V(1A) receptors may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of post-traumatic brain edema and secondary brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Trabold
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery & Institute for Surgical Research, University of Munich Medical Center-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Tissue oxygenation during management of cerebral perfusion pressure with phenylephrine or vasopressin*. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2641-50. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181847af3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Exercise is the most important physiological stimulus for increased myocardial oxygen demand. The requirement of exercising muscle for increased blood flow necessitates an increase in cardiac output that results in increases in the three main determinants of myocardial oxygen demand: heart rate, myocardial contractility, and ventricular work. The approximately sixfold increase in oxygen demands of the left ventricle during heavy exercise is met principally by augmenting coronary blood flow (∼5-fold), as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen extraction (which is already 70–80% at rest) increase only modestly in most species. In contrast, in the right ventricle, oxygen extraction is lower at rest and increases substantially during exercise, similar to skeletal muscle, suggesting fundamental differences in blood flow regulation between these two cardiac chambers. The increase in heart rate also increases the relative time spent in systole, thereby increasing the net extravascular compressive forces acting on the microvasculature within the wall of the left ventricle, in particular in its subendocardial layers. Hence, appropriate adjustment of coronary vascular resistance is critical for the cardiac response to exercise. Coronary resistance vessel tone results from the culmination of myriad vasodilator and vasoconstrictors influences, including neurohormones and endothelial and myocardial factors. Unraveling of the integrative mechanisms controlling coronary vasodilation in response to exercise has been difficult, in part due to the redundancies in coronary vasomotor control and differences between animal species. Exercise training is associated with adaptations in the coronary microvasculature including increased arteriolar densities and/or diameters, which provide a morphometric basis for the observed increase in peak coronary blood flow rates in exercise-trained animals. In larger animals trained by treadmill exercise, the formation of new capillaries maintains capillary density at a level commensurate with the degree of exercise-induced physiological myocardial hypertrophy. Nevertheless, training alters the distribution of coronary vascular resistance so that more capillaries are recruited, resulting in an increase in the permeability-surface area product without a change in capillary numerical density. Maintenance of α- and ß-adrenergic tone in the presence of lower circulating catecholamine levels appears to be due to increased receptor responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. Exercise training also alters local control of coronary resistance vessels. Thus arterioles exhibit increased myogenic tone, likely due to a calcium-dependent protein kinase C signaling-mediated alteration in voltage-gated calcium channel activity in response to stretch. Conversely, training augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation throughout the coronary microcirculation. This enhanced responsiveness appears to result principally from an increased expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Finally, physical conditioning decreases extravascular compressive forces at rest and at comparable levels of exercise, mainly because of a decrease in heart rate. Impedance to coronary inflow due to an epicardial coronary artery stenosis results in marked redistribution of myocardial blood flow during exercise away from the subendocardium towards the subepicardium. However, in contrast to the traditional view that myocardial ischemia causes maximal microvascular dilation, more recent studies have shown that the coronary microvessels retain some degree of vasodilator reserve during exercise-induced ischemia and remain responsive to vasoconstrictor stimuli. These observations have required reassessment of the principal sites of resistance to blood flow in the microcirculation. A significant fraction of resistance is located in small arteries that are outside the metabolic control of the myocardium but are sensitive to shear and nitrovasodilators. The coronary collateral system embodies a dynamic network of interarterial vessels that can undergo both long- and short-term adjustments that can modulate blood flow to the dependent myocardium. Long-term adjustments including recruitment and growth of collateral vessels in response to arterial occlusion are time dependent and determine the maximum blood flow rates available to the collateral-dependent vascular bed during exercise. Rapid short-term adjustments result from active vasomotor activity of the collateral vessels. Mature coronary collateral vessels are responsive to vasodilators such as nitroglycerin and atrial natriuretic peptide, and to vasoconstrictors such as vasopressin, angiotensin II, and the platelet products serotonin and thromboxane A2. During exercise, ß-adrenergic activity and endothelium-derived NO and prostanoids exert vasodilator influences on coronary collateral vessels. Importantly, alterations in collateral vasomotor tone, e.g., by exogenous vasopressin, inhibition of endogenous NO or prostanoid production, or increasing local adenosine production can modify collateral conductance, thereby influencing the blood supply to the dependent myocardium. In addition, vasomotor activity in the resistance vessels of the collateral perfused vascular bed can influence the volume and distribution of blood flow within the collateral zone. Finally, there is evidence that vasomotor control of resistance vessels in the normally perfused regions of collateralized hearts is altered, indicating that the vascular adaptations in hearts with a flow-limiting coronary obstruction occur at a global as well as a regional level. Exercise training does not stimulate growth of coronary collateral vessels in the normal heart. However, if exercise produces ischemia, which would be absent or minimal under resting conditions, there is evidence that collateral growth can be enhanced. In addition to ischemia, the pressure gradient between vascular beds, which is a determinant of the flow rate and therefore the shear stress on the collateral vessel endothelium, may also be important in stimulating growth of collateral vessels.
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Silverstein DC, Waddell LS, Drobatz KJ, King LG. Vasopressin therapy in dogs with dopamine-resistant hypotension and vasodilatory shock. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2007.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Muehlschlegel S, Dunser MW, Gabrielli A, Wenzel V, Layon AJ. Arginine vasopressin as a supplementary vasopressor in refractory hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilutional therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2007; 6:3-10. [PMID: 17356185 DOI: 10.1385/ncc:6:1:3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive, hypervolemic, and hemodilutional (HHH) therapy for vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refractory to phenylephrine requires high doses of catecholamines, leading to adverse adrenergic effects. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to stabilize advanced shock states while facilitating reduction of catecholamine doses, but its use has never been reported in SAH. In this retrospective study, we investigated the hemodynamic effects and feasibility of supplementary AVP in refractory HHH therapy in SAH. METHODS Hemodynamic response (mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate, central venous pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, and end diastolic volume index) to a supplementary AVP infusion (0.01-0.04 IU/minute) was recorded within the first 24 hours in 22 patients. Secondary endpoints (serum sodium concentration, incidence of vasospasm, and intracranial pressure [ICP]) were compared to controls on HHH therapy with phenylephrine alone. RESULTS After initiation of AVP, MAP increased significantly compared to baseline. Phenylephrine doses decreased significantly, whereas other hemodynamic parameters remained stable. Serum sodium concentrations decreased similarly in both groups (-5 +/- 7 mmol/L versus -6 +/- 4 mmol/L; p = 0.25). No detrimental effects on vasospasm incidence or ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure were noted. CONCLUSION AVP may be considered as an alternative supplementary vasopressor in refractory HHH therapy with phenylephrine in SAH. Although we did not observe any deleterious effect of AVP on cerebral circulation, close observation for development of cerebral vasospasm should be undertaken, until it is clearly demonstrated that AVP has no adverse effects on regional cerebral blood flow and symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Our limited data suggest that low-dose AVP does not cause brain edema, but further study is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Muehlschlegel
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Prengel AW, Linstedt U. Cerebral microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Polarized light at the end of the tunnel?*. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2228-9. [PMID: 17713379 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000281638.21573.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cartotto R, McGibney K, Smith T, Abadir A. Vasopressin for the septic burn patient. Burns 2007; 33:441-51. [PMID: 17379416 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous arginine vasopressin (VP) has been increasingly used in the hemodynamic management of critically ill patients with septic shock, but its use in septic burn patients has not been systematically examined. PURPOSE To review our experience with the use of VP in septic burn patients. METHODS Retrospective review of all patients who received VP at a tertiary care adult regional burn centre. Only patients who strictly met the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Criteria for sepsis at the time of VP initiation were analysed. RESULTS There were 30 septic burn patients treated on 43 distinct occasions with VP. This group had a mean (+/-S.D.) age of 49+/-19 years, a mean % TBSA burn of 41+/-15% and a 37% incidence of inhalation injury. A significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), a significant decrease in heart rate (HR), and a trend towards increased urine output (UO) occurred following initiation of VP. When VP was added to an existing infusion of norepinephrine (NE), there was a significant NE sparing effect. VP was implicated in the death of one patient who developed diffuse upper gastrointestinal necrosis while on VP. Other complications in patients treated with VP included peripheral ischemia (2), skin graft failure (1) and donor site conversion (1). In all complications, VP had been administered in combination with prolonged NE infusions (mean of 10 microg/min over a mean of 177 h). CONCLUSION VP is a useful adjunctive pressor that spares NE requirements in septic burn patients, but its use is not without risks, particularly when VP is combined with sustained moderate to high infusions of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cartotto
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Manning M, Stoev S, Cheng LL, Wo N, Chan WY, Szeto HH. The Role of the Merrifield Solid Phase Method in the Discovery and Exploration of a New Class of Selective Vasopressin Hypotensive Agonists. Int J Pept Res Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-007-9089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Kang CH, Kim WG. The effect of vasopressin on organ blood flow in an endotoxin-induced rabbit shock model. J INVEST SURG 2006; 19:361-9. [PMID: 17101605 DOI: 10.1080/08941930600985702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vasopressin on the vasculature differ from those of other vasopressors, and its effects on the coronary artery remain debatable. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of vasopressin in a rabbit endotoxin-induced shock model and to compare these effects with those of norepinephrine. Thirty rabbits were divided into four study groups: a normal control group (group I, n = 5), a shock control group (group II, n = 5), a vasopressin group (group III, n = 10), and a norepinephrine group (group IV, n = 10). Shock was induced by intravenously infusing lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli O111:B4) in groups II, III, and IV. In groups III and IV, systemic blood pressure was maintained to the level of group I by adjusting vasopressin and norepinephrine doses. Left ventricle, right ventricle, ventricular septum, kidney, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle blood flows were measured using radioisotope tagged microspheres at baseline and 2 h after initial blood flow measurement. No difference in organ blood flows were observed between groups I and II, and coronary blood flow in the left ventricle, right ventricle, and ventricular septum was similar in all study groups. However, renal blood flow was significantly lower in group IV than in group III (p < .05) and hepatic arterial blood flow was significantly lower in group III than in group IV (p < .05). Thus, effect of vasopressin on organ blood flow is organ dependent. Vasopressin increased renal blood flow and decreased hepatic arterial blood flow in this endotoxin-induced shock model, whereas norepinephrine did not. However, coronary blood flow was not changed by shock status or vasopressor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Queen LR, Ji Y, Xu B, Young L, Yao K, Wyatt AW, Rowlands DJ, Siow RCM, Mann GE, Ferro A. Mechanisms underlying beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated nitric oxide generation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Physiol 2006; 576:585-94. [PMID: 16873402 PMCID: PMC1890348 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation increases nitric oxide (NO) generation, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are unclear. We examined the role of l-arginine transport and of phosphorylation of NO synthase 3 (NOS-3) in beta(2)AR-mediated NO biosynthesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To this end, we assessed l-arginine uptake, NOS activity (from l-arginine to l-citrulline conversion), membrane potential (using [(3)H]tetraphenylphosphonium), as well as serine phosphorylation of NOS-3 (by Western blotting and mass spectrometry), in HUVEC treated with betaAR agonists or cyclic AMP-elevating agents. beta(2)AR stimulation increased l-arginine transport, as did cyclic AMP elevation with either forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and this increase was inhibitable by N-ethylmaleimide. Blockade of l-arginine uptake by l-lysine inhibited NOS activity and, conversely, blockade of NOS using N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) inhibited l-arginine transport. beta(2)AR stimulation also caused a membrane hyperpolarization inhibitable by l-NAME, suggesting that the increase in l-arginine uptake occurred in response to NO-mediated hyperpolarization. beta(2)AR activation also increased NOS activity and phosphorylation of NOS-3 on serine-1177, and these increases were attenuated by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or Akt, and abolished by coinhibition of PKA and Akt. These findings suggest that beta(2)AR-mediated NOS-3 activation in HUVEC is mediated through phosphorylation of NOS-3 on serine-1177 through both the PKA and the PI3K/Akt systems, and is sustained by an increase in l-arginine uptake resulting from NO-mediated membrane hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Queen
- 2.38A, New Hunts Hose, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Misaki T, Satoh YI, Saino T, Ogawa A. The role of protease-activated receptors on the intracellular calcium ion dynamics of vascular smooth muscles, with special reference to cerebral arterioles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 69:49-60. [PMID: 16609269 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.69.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cellular responses to various proteases in numerous cell types, including smooth muscles and the endothelium of blood vessels. To clarify whether the stimulation of PARs induces responses in smooth muscle cells of cerebral arterioles, intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) dynamics and nitric oxide (NO) production during PARs stimulation were investigated in the rat cerebral arterioles by real-time confocal microscopy, since [Ca2+]i and NO are both key factors in the maintenance of strain in blood vessels. Testicular arterioles were also investigated for comparison. In smooth muscle cells of small cerebral arterioles (< 50 microm in diameter), thrombin and PAR1-activating peptide (AP) induced an increase in [Ca2+]i and contraction. The response to PAR1 activation was caused by Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Trypsin and PAR2-AP induced a decrease in [Ca2+]i in the cells which was considered to be mediated by endothelium-derived NO and/or by promoting a Ca2+ sequestration mechanism. PAR3- and 4-AP had little effect. In contrast to small cerebral arterioles, [Ca2+]i dynamics in smooth muscle cells of large cerebral arterioles (< 150 microm in diameter) or testicular arterioles remained unchanged during PARs activation. The effects of PARs activation on the [Ca2+]i dynamics and the contraction/relaxation of cerebral arterioles are also discussed in relation to the role of proteases in the regional tissue circulation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Misaki
- Department of Histology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Stoev S, Cheng LL, Manning M, Wo NC, Szeto HH. Design and synthesis of potent, highly selective vasopressin hypotensive agonists. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:592-604. [PMID: 16625682 DOI: 10.1002/psc.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report here the solid-phase synthesis and vasodepressor potencies of a new lead vasopressin (VP) hypotensive peptide [1(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-0-ethyl-D-tyrosine, 3-arginine, 4-valine, 7-lysine, 9-ethylenediamine] lysine vasopressin, d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(Et)(2), Arg(3), Val(4), Lys(7), Eda(9)]LVP (C) and 21 analogues of C with single modifications at positions 9 (1-13), 6 (14), 2 (16-20) and combined modifications at positions 6 and 10 (15) and 2 and 10 (21). Peptides 1-13 have the following replacements for the Eda residue at position 9 in C: (1) Gly-NH(2); (2) Gly-NH-CH(3); (3) Ala-NH(2); (4) Ala-NH-CH(3), (5) Val-NH(2); (6) Cha-NH(2); (7) Thr-NH(2); (8) Phe-NH(2); (9) Tyr-NH(2); (10) Orn-NH(2); (11) Lys-NH(2); (12) D-Lys-NH(2); (13) Arg-NH(2). Peptide 14 has the Cys residue at position 6 replaced by Pen. Peptide 15 is the retro-Tyr(10) analogue of peptide 14. Peptides 16-20 have the D-Tyr(Et) residue at position 2 in C replaced by the following substituents: D-Trp (16); D-2-Nal (17); D-Tyr(Bu(t))(18); D-Tyr(Pr(n)) (19); D-Tyr(Pr(i)) (20). Peptide 21 is the retro-Tyr(10) analogue of peptide 20. C and peptides 1-21 were evaluated for agonistic and antagonistic activities in in vivo vasopressor (V(1a)-receptor), antidiuretic (V(2)-receptor), and in in vitro (no Mg(2+)) oxytocic (OT-receptor) assays in the rat, and, like the original hypotensive peptide, d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(Et)(2), Arg(3), Val(4)]AVP (A) (Manning et al., J. Peptide Science 1999, 5:472-490), were found to exhibit no or negligible activities in these assays. Vasodepressor potencies were determined in anesthetized male rats with baseline mean arterial blood pressure (BP) maintained at 100-120 mmHg. The effective dose (ED), in microg/100 g i.v., the dose required to produce a vasodepressor response of 5 cm(2) area under the vasodepressor response curve (AUC) during the 5-min period following the injection of the test peptide, was determined. The EDs measure the vasodepressor potencies of the hypotensive peptides C and 1-21 relative to that of A (ED = 4.66 microg/100 g) and to each other. The following ED values in microg/100 g were obtained for C and for peptides 1-21; C 0.53; (1) 2.41; (2) 1.13; (3) 1.62; (4) 0.80; (5) 1.83; (6) 1.56; (7) 2.12, (8) 2.58; (9) 1.40; (10) 0.88; (11) 0.90; (12) 0.85; (13) 0.68; (14) 0.99; (15) 1.05; (16) 0.66; (17) 0.54; (18) 0.33; (19) 0.18; (20) 0.15; (21) 0.14. All of the hypotensive peptides reported here are more potent than A. Peptides 20 and 21 exhibit a striking 30-fold enhancement in vasodepressor potencies relative to A. With a vasodepressor ED = 0.14, peptide 21 is the most potent VP vasodepressor agonist reported to date. Because it contains a retro-Tyr(10) residue, it is a promising new radioiodinatable ligand for the putative VP vasodilating receptor. Some of these new hypotensive peptides may be of value as research tools for studies on the complex cardiovascular actions of VP and may lead to the development of a new class of antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoytcho Stoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Ohio, Toledo, 43614-5804, USA
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Bein B, Cavus E, Dörges V, Stadlbauer KH, Tonner PH, Steinfath M, Scholz J. Arginine vasopressin reduces cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume during intact circulation in swine---a near infrared spectroscopy study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:62-6. [PMID: 15816576 DOI: 10.1017/s026502150500013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of arginine vasopressin (AVP), a drug currently under investigation for use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, on cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in pigs with intact systemic circulation using near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS Nine healthy pigs were anaesthetized and subjected to invasive haemodynamic monitoring as well as to non-invasive determination (with near infrared spectroscopy) of changes in the Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI is the ratio of oxygenated to total tissue haemoglobin), Tissue Haemoglobin Index (THI, representing CBV) and cytochrome oxidase (deltaCytOx, representing the balance of intracellular oxygen supply). RESULTS At both 3 and 5 min after AVP administration, TOI, THI and deltaCytOx were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced compared to baseline, while cerebral perfusion pressure increased significantly (P < 0.001). The effects of AVP on TOI and THI lasted longer than on deltaCytOx. There were no significant changes with respect to the intracranial pressure throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS No improvement of cerebral oxygenation was detected after AVP administration in swine with an intact systemic circulation. In contrast to recently published investigations, AVP provoked a sustained drop in indices of cerebral oxygenation and CBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bein
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Kiel, Germany.
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Arginine vasopressin reduces cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume during intact circulation in swine - a near infrared spectroscopy study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/00003643-200501000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Yamada K, Suzuki T, Wu YP, Kita K, Takahashi S, Ichinose M, Suzuki N. Induction of uPA release in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by [deamino-Cysl,D-Arg8]-vasopressin (dDAVP). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287:E970-6. [PMID: 15198931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00027.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
[deamino-Cys(l),d-Arg(8)]-vasopressin (dDAVP), known to be an arginine vasopressin (AVP) V(2) receptor agonist, is an agent that increases fibrinolytic activity levels in plasma after its infusion into the human body. However, mechanisms underlying an increase and exact localization of the extrarenal dDAVP-responsive V(2) receptor remain unclarified. Two AVP receptors, V(1a) and V(2), and a related oxytocin (OT) receptor were found to be expressed in human lymphocytes. Furthermore, we found an increase of fibrinolytic activity in the medium of peripheral lymphocytes obtained from human volunteers less than 20 min after dDAVP infusion. The increased activity was also detected in the medium after incubating the lymphocytes in the presence of dDAVP in vitro, being highest at 20 min after the incubation. In accord with the increased fibrinolytic activity, the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the medium were also increased. However, there was no significant difference of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), pro-uPA, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) concentrations in the medium between dDAVP treatment and control. When lymphocytes were preincubated with a V(2) receptor antagonist [Adamantaneacetyl(1),O-Et-d-Tyr(2),Val(4),Aminobutyryl(6),Arg(8,9)]-vasopressin, the dDAVP-induced uPA increase was diminished. In contrast, preincubation with a V(1) receptor antagonist, [beta-Mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl(1),O-Me-Tyr(2),Arg(8)]-vasopressin, prior to dDAVP treatment resulted in a greater increase of the uPA concentration in the medium than with the dDAVP treatment alone. Thus it was suggested that dDAVP may induce uPA release from human lymphocytes via V(2) receptor-mediated reaction, and also via cross-talk between V(1) and V(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Yamaguchi
- Dept. of Plastic and Reconstructiv Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Ferro A, Coash M, Yamamoto T, Rob J, Ji Y, Queen L. Nitric oxide-dependent beta2-adrenergic dilatation of rat aorta is mediated through activation of both protein kinase A and Akt. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:397-403. [PMID: 15351777 PMCID: PMC1575346 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasorelaxation to beta(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation occurs through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms, and the former is mediated through Ca(2+)-independent activation of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3). Since Ca(2+)-independent NOS-3 activation may occur through its serine phosphorylation via protein kinase A (PKA) or Akt, we determined the PKA and Akt dependency of beta(2)-adrenergic relaxation of rat aorta. Rat aortic rings were pre-incubated with the PKA inhibitor H-89 (10(-7) m), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin (5 x 10(-7) m), Akt inhibitor (10(-5) m), or vehicle, in the absence or presence of the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10(-4) m). Rings were then contracted with phenylephrine (10(-7) m), and concentration-relaxation responses determined to the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist albuterol. Rings exhibited a concentration-dependent relaxation to albuterol: pEC(50) 6.9+/-0.2, E(max) 88.2+/-4.0%. l-NAME attenuated E(max) to 60.2+/-3.5% (P<0.001). In the presence of l-NAME, wortmannin or Akt inhibitor did not influence albuterol responses, whereas H-89 reduced E(max) further, to 27.5+/-2.2% (P<0.001). In the absence of l-NAME, E(max) to albuterol was reduced by H-89, wortmannin or Akt inhibitor, to 56.2+/-2.2, 56.0+/-1.6 and 55.4+/-1.8%, respectively (P<0.001 for each); the combinations H-89 plus wortmannin or H-89 plus Akt inhibitor reduced E(max) further still. Western blotting of NOS-3 immunoprecipitates from rat aortas confirmed that albuterol increased serine phosphorylation of NOS-3, and this increase was attenuated by H-89 or Akt inhibitor. Our results indicate that beta(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation relaxes rat aorta through both NO-dependent and independent mechanisms. The latter is predominantly PKA-mediated, whereas the former occurs through both PKA and PI3K/Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Marcy Coash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
| | - Jubli Rob
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
| | - Lindsay Queen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Science, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 2.36B New Hunts House, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL
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Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT. Science Review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 2 - clinical physiology. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2003; 8:15-23. [PMID: 14975041 PMCID: PMC420051 DOI: 10.1186/cc2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin is emerging as a rational therapy for vasodilatory shock states. In part 1 of the review we discussed the structure and function of the various vasopressin receptors. In part 2 we discuss vascular smooth muscle contraction pathways with an emphasis on the effects of vasopressin on ATP-sensitive K+ channels, nitric oxide pathways, and interaction with adrenergic agents. We explore the complex and contradictory studies of vasopressin on cardiac inotropy and coronary vascular tone. Finally, we summarize the clinical studies of vasopressin in shock states, which to date have been relatively small and have focused on physiologic outcomes. Because of potential adverse effects of vasopressin, clinical use of vasopressin in vasodilatory shock should await a randomized controlled trial of the effect of vasopressin's effect on outcomes such as organ failure and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Holmes
- Staff intensivist, Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna BC, Canada
| | - Donald W Landry
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John T Granton
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Program Director, Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Consultant in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Director Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Stallone JN, Salisbury RL, Fulton CT. Androgen-receptor defect abolishes sex differences in nitric oxide and reactivity to vasopressin in rat aorta. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:2602-10. [PMID: 11717225 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractions of rat thoracic aorta to vasopressin (VP) are threefold higher in females (F) than in males (M), primarily because nitric oxide (NO) attenuation of contraction is greater in M. To determine the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in this mechanism, vascular reactivity to VP was examined in thoracic aorta of the testicular-feminized male (Tfm) rat, which has an X-linked, recessive defect in AR function in affected M. Maximal contraction of normal aortas to VP was fourfold higher in F (4,128 +/- 291 mg/mg ring wt) than in M (971 +/- 133 mg); maximal response of Tfm (3,967 +/- 253 mg) was similar to that of normal F. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increased maximal response to VP threefold in M but had no effect in F or Tfm. In contrast, maximal contraction of normal aortas to phenylephrine was 43% higher in M (4,011 +/- 179 mg) than in F (2,809 +/- 78 mg); maximal response of Tfm (2,716 +/- 126 mg) was similar to that of normal F. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increased maximal response to phenylephrine by >50% in F and Tfm but had no effect in M. Maximal contractile response to 80 mM KCl did not differ among M, F, or Tfm. Thus androgens and normal vascular AR function are important in the greater NO-mediated attenuation of reactivity to VP in M than in F rat aorta, which may involve specific modulation of endothelial VP signal transduction pathways and NO release by androgens. These data also establish the importance of the Tfm rat as a model to study the effects of androgens on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Stallone
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Somova LI, Shode FO, Moodley K, Govender Y. Cardiovascular and diuretic activity of kaurene derivatives of Xylopia aethiopica and Alepidea amatymbica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 77:165-174. [PMID: 11535360 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The extractives, crude and pure, of Alepidea amatymbica (AA) and Xylopia aethiopica (XA) were subjected to bioassay-directed phytochemical examination for potential cardiovascular and diuretic activity. All extractives and derivatives (XA/O, AA/1, xylopic acid, AA/3, AA/4, AA/5, AA/6, XA/1, XA/2, XA/3) displayed low toxicity, with LC(50) 0.5-5.0 ng/ml. For the first time, diterpene kaurenoids were reported to have significant systemic hypotensive and coronary vasodilatory effect accompanied with bradycardia. These effects were attributed to calcium antagonistic mechanism. The diuretic and natriuretic effects found were similar to the effects of chlorothiazide, suggesting inhibition of Na+ and K+ reabsorption in the early portion of the distal tubule. Further experiments are needed to elaborate the exact mechanisms of the hypotensive and diuretic effects of diterpene kaurenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Somova
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Durban-Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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Abstract
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) is emerging as a potentially major advance in the treatment of a variety of shock states. Increasing interest in the clinical use of vasopressin has resulted from the recognition of its importance in the endogenous response to shock and from advances in understanding of its mechanism of action. From animal models of shock, vasopressin has been shown to produce greater blood flow diversion from non-vital to vital organ beds (particularly the brain) than does adrenaline. Although vasopressin has similar direct actions to the catecholamines, it may uniquely also inhibit some of the pathologic vasodilator processes that occur in shock states. There is current interest in the use of vasopressin in the treatment of shock due to ventricular fibrillation, hypovolaemia, sepsis and cardiopulmonary bypass. This article reviews the physiology and pharmacology of vasopressin and all of the relevant animal and human clinical literature on its use in the treatment of shock following a MEDLINE (1966-2000) search.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Forrest
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Cooke CR, Wall BM, Huch KM, Mangold T. Cardiovascular effects of vasopressin following V(1) receptor blockade compared to effects of nitroglycerin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R887-93. [PMID: 11507005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.3.r887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies to more clearly determine the mechanisms associated with arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced vasodilation were performed in normal subjects and in quadriplegic subjects with impaired efferent sympathetic responses. Studies to compare the effects of AVP with the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin, an agent that primarily affects venous capacitance vessels, were also performed in normal subjects. Incremental infusions of AVP following V(1)-receptor blockade resulted in equivalent reductions in systemic vascular resistance (SVRI) in normal and in quadriplegic subjects. However, there were major differences in the effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), which was reduced in quadriplegic subjects but did not change in normal subjects. This difference in MAP can be attributed to a difference in the magnitude of increase in cardiac output (CI), which was twofold greater in normal than in quadriplegic subjects. These observations are consistent with AVP-induced vasodilation of arterial resistance vessels with reflex sympathetic enhancement of CI and are clearly different from the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin, i.e., reductions in MAP, CI, and indexes of cardiac preload, with only minor changes in SVRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Cooke
- Nephrology Section (111 B), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Ave., Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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Fernández N, Martínez MA, García-Villalón AL, Monge L, Diéguez G. Cerebral vasoconstriction produced by vasopressin in conscious goats: role of vasopressin V(1) and V(2) receptors and nitric oxide. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1837-44. [PMID: 11309256 PMCID: PMC1572748 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of vasopressin V(1) and V(2) receptors, nitric oxide and prostanoids in the cerebrovascular effects of arginine vasopressin, cerebral blood flow was electromagnetically measured in awake goats. In 16 animals, vasopressin (0.03 - 1 microg), injected into the cerebral circulation, caused increments of resting cerebrovascular resistance which ranged from 18% (0.03 microg, P<0.01) to 79% (1 microg, P<0.01). Desmopressin (0.03 - 1 microg, four goats) did not affect significantly cerebrovascular resistance. The cerebrovascular resistance increases by vasopressin were reduced significantly by the antagonist for vasopressin V(1) receptors d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Me)-AVP in a rate depending way (five (six goats) and 15 (four goats) microg min(-1)), and by the mixed antagonist for vasopressin V(1) and V(2) receptors desGly-d(CH(2))(5)-D-Tyr(Et)Val-AVP (5 microg min(-1), four goats), and they were not significantly affected by the antagonist for vasopressin V(2) receptors d(CH(2))(5), D-Ile(2), Ile(4)-AVP (5 microg min(-1), four goats). The inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 47 mg kg(-1) i.v., five goats) augmented cerebrovascular resistance by 130% (P<0.01), and for 24 h after this treatment the cerebrovascular effects of vasopressin were potentiated. The inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase meclofenamate (6 mg kg(-1) i.v., five goats) did not modify significantly resting haemodynamic variables measured or the cerebrovascular effects of vasopressin. Therefore, the vasopressin-induced cerebral vasoconstriction may be mediated by vasopressin V(1) receptors, without involvement of vasopressin V(2) receptors, and may be modulated by nitric oxide but not by prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Katori E, Ohta T, Nakazato Y, Ito S. Vasopressin-induced contraction in the rat basilar artery in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 416:113-21. [PMID: 11282120 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)00781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin ([Arg(8)]vasopressin)-induced contraction was characterized using receptor agonists and antagonists for vasopressin and channel blockers in the rat basilar artery ring preparations. Vasopressin induced rhythmic contractions superimposed on a contraction in endothelium-intact preparations but not in denuded ones. Endothelium removal shifted the concentration-response curve for vasopressin leftward and upward. In endothelium-denuded preparations, vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist shifted the concentration-response curve for vasopressin downward and rightward. Vasopressin V(1) receptor agonist caused contraction but V(2) receptor agonist did not. The contractile response to vasopressin was partly inhibited by nifedipine, SK&F 96365 (1-[beta-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl]-1H-imidazole) and niflumic acid. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), vasopressin produced a transient contraction. Charybdotoxin produced an upward and leftward shift of the concentration-response curve for vasopressin. These results suggest that vasopressin elicits contraction due to Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels and to Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) stores by activating vasopressin V(1) receptors in the rat basilar artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katori
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
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Haefliger IO, Flammer J, Bény JL, Lüscher TF. Endothelium-dependent vasoactive modulation in the ophthalmic circulation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2001; 20:209-25. [PMID: 11173252 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is strategically located between the circulating blood and the vascular smooth muscle cells. Different agonists or stimuli transported by the circulating blood can trigger the endothelium to release potent relaxing (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) or contracting factors (endothelin, cycloxygenase products). These endothelium-derived vasoactive factors can modulate blood flow locally. Heterogeneity exists from one vascular bed to the other, or even between vessels, in the agonists able to stimulate the release of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. In the ophthalmic circulation, nitric oxide and endothelin are strong vasoactive modulators. In many vascular diseases that are of importance in ophthalmology (hypercholesterolemia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, vasospastic syndrome, ischemia and reperfusion, etc) the function of the endothelium can be impaired. There exist different drugs that can modulate the vasoactive function of the vascular endothelium. In other words, it appears that the vascular endothelium plays an important role in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the regulation of blood flow. The modulation of this regulatory system by different drugs might open new therapeutical approaches to treat vascular disorders in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Haefliger
- Laboratory of Ocular Pharmacology and Physiology, University Eye Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
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Kelsch T, Kikuchi K, Vahdat S, Frishman WH. Innovative pharmacologic approaches to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. HEART DISEASE (HAGERSTOWN, MD.) 2001; 3:46-54. [PMID: 11975769 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200101000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation is 5 to 15%. New cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment approaches under investigation include the use of vasopressin as a vasopressor, amiodarone for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and adenosine antagonists (i.e., theophylline) for bradyasystolic rhythms. More innovative approaches include the use of thyroid hormone and endothelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kelsch
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Westchester County Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Zenteno-Savin T, Sada-Ovalle I, Ceballos G, Rubio R. Effects of arginine vasopressin in the heart are mediated by specific intravascular endothelial receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 410:15-23. [PMID: 11134652 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin induces vascular, inotropic and arrhythmogenic effects in the heart. Existing evidence, obtained indirectly, suggests that these effects occur through paracrine endothelial mechanisms. To demonstrate this, vasopressin was confined to the intravascular space by covalent coupling to high molecular weight (2x10(6) Da, vasopresin-dextran) dextran. Isolated guinea pig hearts were infused with equivalent concentrations of vasopressin and vasopressin-dextran. The negative inotropic and coronary vasopressor effects of vasopressin-dextran were similar to those evoked by vasopressin; in both cases effects were reversible. Free dextran had no effect on vascular resistance nor in ventricular developed pressure. The inotropic and vascular effects of both vasopressin and vasopressin-dextran were blocked by the vasopressin receptor antagonist [Adamantaneacetyl(1), o-Et-D-Tyr(2), Val(4), Aminobutyryl(6), Arg(8,9)]vasopressin (Adam-vasopressin), indicating that the effects of the two agonists were vasopressin receptor-mediated. To elucidate possible endothelial intermediaries of these effects, isolated guinea pig hearts were infused simultaneously with vasopressin or vasopressin-dextran and several inhibitors either of synthesis or blockers of receptors of possible endothelial mediators. Only reactive blue 2, a P(2y) purinoceptor antagonist, and suramin, a P(2y) and a P(2x) purinoceptor antagonist, caused a total reversal of vascular and inotropic effects of vasopressin and vasopressin-dextran. Pyridoxalphosphate-6-Azophenyl-2'-4'disulphonic acid, a P(2x) purinoceptor antagonist, was without effect. Our results provide direct evidence that the short-term cardiac effects of vasopressin are due to selective activation of intravascular purinoceptors and suggest that an intermediary of these effects is ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zenteno-Savin
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, UASLP, Av. V. Carranza # 2405, Col. Los Filtros, SLP, CP 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Nozari A, Rubertsson S, Wiklund L. Improved cerebral blood supply and oxygenation by aortic balloon occlusion combined with intra-aortic vasopressin administration during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44:1209-19. [PMID: 11065200 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.441005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous administration of vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been shown to improve myocardial and cerebral blood flow. Aortic balloon occlusion during CPR may also augment myocardial and cerebral blood flow and can be used as a central route for the administration of resuscitative drugs. We hypothesized that, as compared with intravenously administered vasopressin, the administration of this drug above the site of an aortic balloon occlusion would result in a greater increase in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation during CPR and after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). METHODS Twenty piglets were subjected to 5 min of ventricular fibrillation followed by 8 min of closed-chest CPR and were treated with 0.4 U kg(-1) boluses of vasopressin intravenously (the IV-vasopressin group with sham aortic balloon) or above the site for an aortic balloon occlusion (the balloon-vasopressin group). The aortic balloon catheter was inflated in the latter group 1 min after commencement of CPR and was deflated within 1 min after ROSC. Systemic blood pressures, cerebral cortical blood flow, cerebral tissue pH and PCO2 were monitored continuously and the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio was calculated. RESULTS During CPR, arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were greater in the balloon-vasopressin group, as compared with the IV-vasopressin group. These pressures did not differ between the groups after ROSC. Cerebral cortical blood flow was not significantly greater in the balloon-vasopressin group during CPR, whereas significantly higher cortical blood flow levels were recorded after ROSC. Cerebral tissue pH decreased in the IV-vasopressin group during the post-resuscitation hypoperfusion period. In contrast, decreasing pressures during the hypoperfusion period did not result in increasing tissue acidosis in the balloon-vasopressin group. CONCLUSIONS During CPR, intra-aortic vasopressin combined with aortic balloon occlusion resulted in significantly greater perfusion pressures but not in greater cerebral cortical blood flow. After ROSC, however, a greater increase in cortical blood flow was recorded in the balloon-vasopressin group, even though the aortic balloon was deflated and perfusion pressures did not differ between the groups. This suggests that vasopressin predominantly gives vasoconstrictive effects on cerebral cortical vessels during CPR, but results in cerebral cortical vasodilatation after ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
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Feterik K, Smith L, Katusic ZS. Angiotensin-(1-7) causes endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine middle cerebral artery. Brain Res 2000; 873:75-82. [PMID: 10915812 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The heptapeptide, angiotensin-(1-7), is an active member of the renin-angiotensin system. The present study was designed to characterize the role of endothelium in relaxations of large cerebral arteries to angiotensin-(1-7). Rings of canine middle cerebral arteries were suspended in organ chambers for isometric force recording. The levels of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were assessed by radioimmunoassay. During contraction to uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP, 3x10(-6) to 10(-5) mol/l), angiotensin-(1-7) (10(-9) to 3x10(-5) mol/l) caused concentration-dependent relaxations in arteries with endothelium, but not in endothelium-denuded vessels. Angiotensin-(1-7) significantly increased formation of cGMP. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3x10(-4) mol/l), and selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1 H-[1,2, 4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinozalin-1-one (ODQ, 3x10(-6) mol/l), abolished angiotensin-(1-7)-induced relaxations. Angiotensin receptor antagonists, losartan (10(-5) mol/l), PD 123319 (10(-5) mol/l), [Sar(1),Thr(8)]-angiotensin II (10(-5) mol/l) [Sar(1),Val(5), Ala(8)]-angiotensin II (10(-5) mol/l) or [7-D-Ala]-angiotensin 1-7 (10(-6) mol/l) did not affect these relaxations. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (10(-5) mol/l) augmented relaxations to angiotensin-(1-7). Finally, bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist, [D-Arg(0),Hyp(3),Thi(5),D-Tic(7), Oic(8)]-bradykinin (HOE 140, 5x10(-8) mol/l) significantly reduced the effect of angiotensin-(1-7), while bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist, des-Arg(9), [Leu(8)]-bradykinin (6x10(-9) mol/l) did not influence the vascular response to the heptapeptide. These findings indicate that (1) angiotensin-(1-7) produces relaxation of canine middle cerebral arteries by the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells, (2) angiotensin receptors do not mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations to the heptapeptide, and (3) this effect appears to be dependent on activation of local production of kinins. Our studies support the concept that angiotensin-(1-7), as a natural vasodilator hormone, may counterbalance the hemodynamic actions of angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Feterik
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Manning M, Stoev S, Cheng LL, Wo NC, Chan WY. Synthesis and structure-activity investigation of novel vasopressin hypotensive peptide agonists. J Pept Sci 1999; 5:472-90. [PMID: 10587312 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199911)5:11<472::aid-psc217>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the solid phase synthesis and vasodepressor potencies of the novel hypotensive peptide [1(-beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylene propionic acid)-2-O-ethyl-D-tyrosine, 3-arginine, 4-valine] arginine vasopressin, d(CH2)5[D-Tyr(Et)2, Arg3, Val4]AVP (A), its related Lys3 (B), Tyr-NH(9)2 (C), [Lys3, Tyr-NH(9)2 (D) analogs and in a preliminary structure-activity study of positions 2-4 and 7-9, 24 analogs (1-24) of A-C. Peptides 1-6, 9-14 have the following single substituents at positions 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 in (A): 1, D-Tyr(Me)2; 2, L-Tyr(Et)2; 3, Orn3; 4, N-Me-Arg3; 5, Glu3; 6, Arg4; 9, D-Arg8; 10, Eda9; 11, Arg-NH(9)2; 12, Ala-NH(9)2; 13, desGly9; 14, desGly-NH(9)2. Peptides 15 and 16 are analogs of B which possess the following single modifications: 15, Arg-NH(9)2; 16, desGly9. Peptides 7 and 8 are analogs of (C) with the following single modification: 7, Gln4; 8, Lys8. Peptides 17-24 are analogs of A possessing the following multiple modifications: 17, [Sar7, Eda9]; 18, [Arg7, Eda9]; 19, [Arg7, Eda9<--Tyr10]; 20, [Arg4, Arg-NH(9)2]; 21, [Ile4, desGly9]; 22, [Arg4, desGly9]l; 23, [Arg7, desGly9]; 24, [Arg7, Lys8, desGly9]. All 24 new peptides were evaluated for agonistic and antagonistic activities in in vivo antidiuretic (V2-receptor), vasopressor (V1a-receptor) and in in vitro (no Mg2+) oxytocic (OT-receptor) assays and like the parent peptides (A-D) (Chan et al. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1998; 125: 803-811) were found to exhibit no or negligible activities in these assays. Vasodepressor potencies were determined in anesthetized male rats with baseline mean arterial blood pressure maintained at 110-120 mmHg. The effective dose (ED), in microg 100 g(-1) i.v., required to produce a vasodepressor response of 5 cm2, area under the vasodepressor response curve (AUC) during the 5-min period following the injection of the test peptide, was determined. Therefore, the EDs measure the relative vasodepressor potencies of the hypotensive peptides. The following ED values were obtained for A-D and for peptides 1-24: A, 4.66; B, 5.75; C, 10.56; D, 11.60; 1, approximately 20; 2, approximately 30; 3, 6.78; 4, non-detectable (ND); 5, ND; 6, approximately 32; 7, ND; 8, 8.67; 9, ND; 10, 2.43; 11, 3.54; 12, 10.57; 13, 4.81; 14, ND; 15, 4.47; 16, 9.78; 17, 5.72; 18, 1.10; 19, 1.05; 20, 10.41; 21, 9.13; 22, approximately 33; 23, 3.01; 24, 1.71. A is clearly the most potent of the four original hypotensive peptides A-D. These data provide insights to which modification of A enhance, retain or abolish hypotensive potencies. Six of the new hypotensive peptides are significantly more potent than A. These are peptides 10, 11, 18, 19, 23 and 24. Peptide 19, a radioiodinatable ligand, is ten times more potent than C or D. The Gln4 modification of C and the N-Me-Arg3, Glu3, D-Arg8 and desGly-NH(9)2 modifications of A abolished hypotensive potency. By contrast, the Eda9, Arg-NH(9)2, [Sar7, Eda9], [Arg7, Eda9<- -Tyr10], [Arg7, desGly9], [Arg7, Lys8, desGly9] modifications of A all led to enhancements of hypotensive potency. This initial structure-activity exploration provides useful clues to the design of (a) more potent vasodepressor peptides and (b) high affinity radioiodinatable ligands for the putative AVP vasodilating receptor. Some of the peptides here may be of value as pharmacological tools for studies on the complex cardiovascular actions of AVP and may lead to the development of a new class of anti-hypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-5804, USA
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Chan CC, Lee FY, Wang SS, Chang FY, Lin HC, Chu CJ, Tai CC, Lai IN, Lee SD. Effects of vasopressin on portal-systemic collaterals in portal hypertensive rats: role of nitric oxide and prostaglandin. Hepatology 1999; 30:630-5. [PMID: 10462367 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of vasopressin on portal-systemic collaterals in portal hypertensive rats and the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin on the responsiveness of collateral vessels to vasopressin. The vascular responsiveness to graded concentrations of vasopressin was tested with or without the incubation of n(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (NNA) (100 micromol/L) and/or indomethacin (10 micromol/L) in perfused collateral vascular beds of rats with portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation. In addition, concentration-response curves to vasopressin with incubation of a vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin and concentration-response curves to a V(2) receptor agonist 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin were performed. Vasopressin significantly increased the perfusion pressure of collaterals, and this effect was suppressed by the addition of the V(1) receptor antagonist. Perfusion with the V(2) receptor agonist had no effect on the collaterals. Incubation with NNA, indomethacin, or both significantly potentiated the response of collaterals to vasopressin. In addition, the pressor response to vasopressin in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the NNA-alone group. The results show that vasopressin produces a direct vasoconstrictive effect on the portal-systemic collaterals of portal hypertensive rats. This effect is mediated by the vasopressin V(1,) but not V(2), receptors. The attenuation of the response to vasopressin by NO and prostaglandin suggest a function role of both mediators in the regulation of the portal-systemic collateral circulation in portal hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Okamura T, Ayajiki K, Fujioka H, Toda N. Mechanisms underlying arginine vasopressin-induced relaxation in monkey isolated coronary arteries. J Hypertens 1999; 17:673-8. [PMID: 10403611 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199917050-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to examine whether arginine vasopressin (AVP) relaxes primate coronary artery and to analyse the mechanisms of its action in reference to endothelial nitric oxide and AVP receptor subtype. METHODS Isometrical tension responses to AVP and desmopressin were recorded in isolated monkey coronary arteries. RESULTS AVP (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/l) induced a concentration-related relaxation; endothelium-denudation abolished the response. Treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, but not the D-enantiomer, abolished the endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was restored by L-arginine. Treatment with SR49059 and [Pmp1,Tyr(Me)2]-Arg8-vasopressin, selective inhibitors of V1 receptor subtype, attenuated the relaxant response to AVP, whereas the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside was not affected by SR49059. Desmopressin, a V2 receptor agonist, up to 10(-8) mol/l did not elicit relaxation. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that AVP-induced monkey coronary arterial relaxation is mediated via nitric oxide synthesized from L-arginine in association with stimulation of V1 receptor subtypes in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Japan
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Thibonnier M, Conarty DM, Preston JA, Plesnicher CL, Dweik RA, Erzurum SC. Human vascular endothelial cells express oxytocin receptors. Endocrinology 1999; 140:1301-9. [PMID: 10067857 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.3.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies in humans and animals suggest the existence of vascular endothelial vasopressin (AVP)/oxytocin (OT) receptors that mediate a vasodilatory effect. However, the nature of the receptor subtype(s) involved in this vasodilatory response remains controversial, and its coupled intracellular pathways are unknown. Thus, we set out to determine the type and signaling pathways of the AVP/OT receptor(s) expressed in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Saturation binding experiments with purified membranes of primary cultures of ECs from human umbilical vein (HUVEC), aorta (HAEC), and pulmonary artery (HPAEC) and [3H]AVP or [3H]OT revealed the existence of specific binding sites with a greater affinity for OT than AVP (Kd = 1.75 vs. 16.58 nM). Competition binding experiments in intact HUVECs (ECV304 cell line) with the AVP antagonist [125I]4-hydroxyphenacetyl-D-Tyr(Me)-Phe-Gln-Asn-Arg-Pro-Arg-NH2 or the OT antagonist [125I]D(CH2)5[O-Me-Tyr-Thr-Orn-Tyr-NH2]vasotocin, and various AVP/OT analogs confirmed the existence of a single class of surface receptors of the classical OT subtype. RT-PCR experiments with total RNA extracted from HUVEC, HAEC, and HPAEC and specific primers for the human V1 vascular, V2 renal, V3 pituitary, and OT receptors amplified the OT receptor sequence only. No new receptor subtype could be amplified when using degenerate primers. DNA sequencing of the coding region of the human EC OT receptor revealed a nucleotide sequence 100% homologous to that of the uterine OT receptor reported previously. Stimulation of ECs by OT produced mobilization of intracellular calcium and the release of nitric oxide that was prevented by chelation of extra- and intracellular calcium. No stimulation of cAMP or PG production was noted. Finally, OT stimulation of ECs led to a calcium- and protein kinase C-dependent cellular proliferation response. Thus, human vascular ECs express OT receptors that are structurally identical to the uterine and mammary OT receptors. These endothelial OT receptors produce a calcium-dependent vasodilatory response via stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway and have a trophic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thibonnier
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4951, USA.
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Venteicher A, Armstead WM. Vasopressin contributes to dynorphin modulation of hypoxic cerebrovasodilation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:H2072-9. [PMID: 9843806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.6.h2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because pial artery dilation during a 20- or 40-min hypoxic exposure was less than that observed during a 5- or 10-min exposure, stimulus duration determines the vascular response to hypoxia. Dynorphin (Dyn) modulates hypoxic pial dilation and contributes to decremented dilation during longer hypoxic exposures. This study was designed to determine whether vasopressin (VP) contributes to Dyn modulation of hypoxic pial dilation in newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Moderate (M) and severe (S) hypoxia (arterial PO2 approximately 35 and 25 mmHg, respectively) had no effect on cerebrospinal fluid VP during a 5-min exposure but increased its concentration during longer exposure periods. The VP antagonist [beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl1,O-Me-Tyr2, Arg8]vasopressin (MEAVP) had no influence on pial dilation during the 5-min exposure but potentiated the 20- and 40-min M and S hypoxic exposure dilations: 21 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 3% and 23 +/- 2 vs. 33 +/- 2% for 20- and 40-min S hypoxic dilation before and after MEAVP. Topical VP during 5 min of hypoxia elicited dilation that was reversed to vasoconstriction during 20 min of S and 40 min of M and S hypoxia. Similarly, during 5 min of hypoxia, Dyn elicited dilation that was reversed to vasoconstriction during longer hypoxic periods. MEAVP blunted this Dyn-induced vasoconstriction. These data show that VP modulates hypoxic pial dilation in a stimulus duration-dependent manner and that VP contributes to the reversal of Dyn from a dilator to a constrictor during prolonged hypoxia. Finally, these data suggest that VP contributes to Dyn modulation of hypoxic cerebrovasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venteicher
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Rutschmann B, Evequoz D, Aubert JF, Brunner HR, Waeber B. Vasopressin dilates the rat carotid artery by stimulating V1 receptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32:637-41. [PMID: 9781933 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199810000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of various vasopressor agents on the diameter of the common carotid artery were studied in halothane-anesthetized normotensive rats. The animals were infused intravenously for 60 min with equipressor doses of angiotensin II (10 ng/min), the alpha1-stimulant methoxamine (5 microg/min), lysine vasopressin (5 mU/min), or vehicle. The arterial diameter was measured by using a high-resolution ultrasonic echo-tracking device. The three vasoconstrictors increased the carotid artery diameter, but this effect was significantly more pronounced with lysine vasopressin. Even a nonpressor dose of lysine vasopressin (1 mU/min) caused a significant increase in the arterial diameter. The lysine vasopressin-induced vasodilatation could be prevented by the administration of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10 microg, i.v.), a selective V1-vasopressinergic receptor antagonist. These data therefore suggest that a short-term increase in blood pressure induces in rats a distention of the carotid artery. The increase in arterial diameter seems to involve an active mechanism with lysine vasopressin caused by the stimulation of V1-vasopressinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rutschmann
- Division of Hypertension, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stam WB, Van der Graaf PH, Saxena PR. Characterization of receptors mediating contraction of the rat isolated small mesenteric artery and aorta to arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:865-73. [PMID: 9831926 PMCID: PMC1571022 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The exact nature of the receptor subtype(s) involved in the action of arg-vasopressin (AVP) on the rat aorta and small mesenteric artery (SMA) is controversial. Therefore, we have studied the effects of the selective V1A receptor antagonists, OPC 21268 and SR 49059, and the oxytocin (OT) receptor antagonist, atosiban, on the AVP- and OT-induced contractions of the two vessels. 2. AVP and OT displayed similar intrinsic activities in the rat aorta and SMA, but AVP was approximately 130 fold and approximately 500 fold more potent than OT, respectively. In the rat aorta, Hill slopes (nH) were similar for OT and AVP. However, in rat SMA, the OT concentration-effect (E/[A]) curve was significantly steeper than the AVP E/[A] curve (nH, = 3.3+/-0.20, 2.3+/-0.15; P<0.001). 3. In the aorta OPC 21268, SR 49059 and atosiban competitively antagonized the AVP and OT E/[A] curves. Except for atosiban and SR 49059 against AVP, competitive antagonism was also observed in the SMA. Atosiban caused concentration-dependent steepening of the AVP E/[A] curve, whereas SR 49059 decreased the upper asymptote. 4. Schild analysis yielded affinities indicative of V1A receptor involvement in both vessels: pKB/ pA2=9.20 9.48, 7.56 7.71 and 6.19 6.48 for SR 49059, OPC 21268 and atosiban, respectively. 5. Neither AVP nor OT relaxed U46619 pre-contracted aorta or SMA in the presence of SR 49059, suggesting no interference of a vasodilatory component. 6. Despite predominant involvement of V1A receptors in both vessels, the different Hill slopes of AVP and OT E/[A] curves as well as the steepening of the AVP E/[A] curves by atosiban are indicative of receptor heterogeneity in the rat SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Stam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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