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Hamaguchi S, Agata N, Seki M, Namekata I, Tanaka H. Developmental Changes in the Excitation-Contraction Mechanisms of the Ventricular Myocardium and Their Sympathetic Regulation in Small Experimental Animals. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:267. [PMID: 39330325 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The developmental changes in the excitation-contraction mechanisms of the ventricular myocardium of small animals (guinea pig, rat, mouse) and their sympathetic regulation will be summarized. The action potential duration monotonically decreases during pre- and postnatal development in the rat and mouse, while in the guinea pig it decreases during the fetal stage but turns into an increase just before birth. Such changes can be attributed to changes in the repolarizing potassium currents. The T-tubule and the sarcoplasmic reticulum are scarcely present in the fetal cardiomyocyte, but increase during postnatal development. This causes a developmental shift in the Ca2+ handling from a sarcolemma-dependent mechanism to a sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent mechanism. The sensitivity for beta-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropy decreases during early postnatal development, which parallels the increase in sympathetic nerve innervation. The alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropy in the mouse changes from positive in the neonate to negative in the adult. This can be explained by the change in the excitation-contraction mechanism mentioned above. The shortening of the action potential duration enhances trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+ extrusion by the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. The sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent mechanism of contraction in the adult allows Na+-Ca2+ exchanger activity to cause negative inotropy, a mechanism not observed in neonatal myocardium. Such developmental studies would provide clues towards a more comprehensive understanding of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Agata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maika Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Iyuki Namekata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
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Garbutt TA, Wang Z, Wang H, Ma H, Ruan H, Dong Y, Xie Y, Tan L, Phookan R, Stouffer J, Vedantham V, Yang Y, Qian L, Liu J. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Maturation by Arginine Methyltransferase CARM1. Circulation 2024; 149:1501-1515. [PMID: 38223978 PMCID: PMC11073921 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the neonatal stage, the cardiomyocyte undergoes a constellation of molecular, cytoarchitectural, and functional changes known collectively as cardiomyocyte maturation to increase myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Despite the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation, the molecular mechanisms governing this critical process remain largely unexplored. METHODS We leveraged an in vivo mosaic knockout system to characterize the role of Carm1, the founding member of protein arginine methyltransferase, in cardiomyocyte maturation. Using a battery of assays, including immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy imaging, and action potential recording, we assessed the effect of loss of Carm1 function on cardiomyocyte cell growth, myofibril expansion, T-tubule formation, and electrophysiological maturation. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling, H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the mechanisms by which CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) regulates cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, we interrogated the human syntenic region to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human heart diseases. RESULTS We report that mosaic ablation of Carm1 disrupts multiple aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation cell autonomously, leading to reduced cardiomyocyte size and sarcomere thickness, severe loss and disorganization of T tubules, and compromised electrophysiological maturation. Genomics study demonstrates that CARM1 directly activates genes that underlie cardiomyocyte cytoarchitectural and electrophysiological maturation. Moreover, our study reveals significant enrichment of human heart disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genomic region syntenic to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a critical and multifaceted role for CARM1 in regulating cardiomyocyte maturation and demonstrates that deregulation of CARM1-dependent cardiomyocyte maturation gene expression may contribute to human heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Garbutt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Present address: Department of Cardiology, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hongmei Ruan
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yifang Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ranan Phookan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joy Stouffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vasanth Vedantham
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Salameh S, Guerrelli D, Miller JA, Desai M, Moise N, Yerebakan C, Bruce A, Sinha P, d'Udekem Y, Weinberg SH, Posnack NG. Connecting Transcriptomics with Computational Modeling to Reveal Developmental Adaptations in the Human Pediatric Myocardium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.589826. [PMID: 38712262 PMCID: PMC11071413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.589826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Nearly 1% or 1.3 million babies are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) globally each year - many of whom will require palliative or corrective heart surgery within the first few years of life. A detailed understanding of cardiac maturation can help to expand our knowledge on cardiac diseases that develop during gestation, identify age-appropriate cardiovascular drug therapies, and inform clinical care decisions related to surgical repair, myocardial preservation, or postoperative management. Yet, to date, our knowledge of the temporal changes that cardiomyocytes undergo during postnatal development is largely limited to animal models. Methods Right atrial tissue samples were collected from n=117 neonatal, infant, and pediatric patients undergoing correct surgery due to (acyanotic) CHD. Patients were stratified into five age groups: neonate (0-30 days), infant (31-364 days), toddler to preschool (1-5 years), school age (6-11 years), and adolescent to young adults (12-32 years). We measured age-dependent adaptations in cardiac gene expression, and used computational modeling to simulate action potential and calcium transients. Results Enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) was explored, revealing age-dependent changes in several key biological processes (cell cycle, cell division, mitosis), cardiac ion channels, and calcium handling genes. Gene-associated changes in ionic currents exhibited both linear trends and sudden shifts across developmental stages, with changes in calcium handling ( I NCX ) and repolarization ( I K1 ) most strongly associated with an age-dependent decrease in the action potential plateau potential and increase in triangulation, respectively. We also note a shift in repolarization reserve, with lower I Kr expression in younger patients, a finding likely tied to the increased amplitude of I Ks triggered by elevated sympathetic activation in pediatric patients. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into age-dependent changes in human cardiac gene expression and electrophysiology among patients with CHD, shedding light on molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development and function across different developmental stages.
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Cheng Q, Chen Y, Liu J, Jin L, Li Z, Ren A, Wang L. Inadvertent antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk for neural tube defects in offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116271. [PMID: 38564868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As emerging environmental contaminants, antibiotics pose potential threats to human health, in particular to pregnant women and infants. However, the potential harm of inadvertent antibiotic exposure (IAE) is often disregarded in light of the focus on intentional antibiotic use during pregnancy. Currently, little is known about the effects of IAE during pregnancy on fetal neural tube development. METHODS In this case-control study, we used questionnaire data from 855 subjects to investigate the effects of intentional antibiotic use in early pregnancy on neural tube defects (NTDs). Then we tested for placental antibiotics in mothers who had not intentionally used antibiotics, and the compounds were detected in 379 subjects; these were considered IAE cases. We assessed the association between IAE during pregnancy and fetal NTDs using both multivariable logistic and multi-pollutant exposure models. We also analyzed the correlation between maternal dietary habits and placental antibiotics to explore possible sources of IAE. RESULTS Only 50 of 855 participants (5.8%) intentionally used antibiotics and such use showed no significant association with NTD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, confidence interval [95%CI] = [0.66, 5.59]). However, 14 of 15 placental antibiotics were detected in 378 of 379 subjects (99.7%) and multivariable logistic analysis indicated that high levels of placental macrolides were significantly associated with increased NTD risk (4.42 [2.01-10.45]). Multi-pollutant exposure analysis suggested an increase in NTD risk with an increase in exposure to a mixture of placental antibiotics, among which macrolides were the most important contributor. In addition, the level of placental macrolides was positively correlated with the intake frequency of milk. Finally, mothers who drank river, well, or pond water had higher levels of placental macrolides than those who drank only tap water. CONCLUSIONS Intentional antibiotic use during early pregnancy may not be associated with NTDs, while IAE during pregnancy is associated with higher NTD risk in offspring. Macrolides are crucial risk factors. Milk, and river, well, or pond water may be important sources of IAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Grandi E, Navedo MF, Saucerman JJ, Bers DM, Chiamvimonvat N, Dixon RE, Dobrev D, Gomez AM, Harraz OF, Hegyi B, Jones DK, Krogh-Madsen T, Murfee WL, Nystoriak MA, Posnack NG, Ripplinger CM, Veeraraghavan R, Weinberg S. Diversity of cells and signals in the cardiovascular system. J Physiol 2023; 601:2547-2592. [PMID: 36744541 PMCID: PMC10313794 DOI: 10.1113/jp284011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This white paper is the outcome of the seventh UC Davis Cardiovascular Research Symposium on Systems Approach to Understanding Cardiovascular Disease and Arrhythmia. This biannual meeting aims to bring together leading experts in subfields of cardiovascular biomedicine to focus on topics of importance to the field. The theme of the 2022 Symposium was 'Cell Diversity in the Cardiovascular System, cell-autonomous and cell-cell signalling'. Experts in the field contributed their experimental and mathematical modelling perspectives and discussed emerging questions, controversies, and challenges in examining cell and signal diversity, co-ordination and interrelationships involved in cardiovascular function. This paper originates from the topics of formal presentations and informal discussions from the Symposium, which aimed to develop a holistic view of how the multiple cell types in the cardiovascular system integrate to influence cardiovascular function, disease progression and therapeutic strategies. The first section describes the major cell types (e.g. cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, immune cells, etc.) and the signals involved in cardiovascular function. The second section emphasizes the complexity at the subcellular, cellular and system levels in the context of cardiovascular development, ageing and disease. Finally, the third section surveys the technological innovations that allow the interrogation of this diversity and advancing our understanding of the integrated cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donald M. Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E. Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M. Gomez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trine Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nikki G. Posnack
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric and Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Ukachukwu CU, Jimenez-Vazquez EN, Jain A, Jones DK. hERG1 channel subunit composition mediates proton inhibition of rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr) in cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102778. [PMID: 36496073 PMCID: PMC9867984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated channel, hERG1, conducts the rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) and is critical for human cardiac repolarization. Reduced IKr causes long QT syndrome and increases the risk for cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. At least two subunits form functional hERG1 channels, hERG1a and hERG1b. Changes in hERG1a/1b abundance modulate IKr kinetics, magnitude, and drug sensitivity. Studies from native cardiac tissue suggest that hERG1 subunit abundance is dynamically regulated, but the impact of altered subunit abundance on IKr and its response to external stressors is not well understood. Here, we used a substrate-driven human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) maturation model to investigate how changes in relative hERG1a/1b subunit abundance impact the response of native IKr to extracellular acidosis, a known component of ischemic heart disease and sudden infant death syndrome. IKr recorded from immatured hiPSC-CMs displays a 2-fold greater inhibition by extracellular acidosis (pH 6.3) compared with matured hiPSC-CMs. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that hERG1a subunit mRNA and protein were upregulated and hERG1b subunit mRNA and protein were downregulated in matured hiPSC-CMs compared with immatured hiPSC-CMs. The shift in subunit abundance in matured hiPSC-CMs was accompanied by increased IKr. Silencing hERG1b's impact on native IKr kinetics by overexpressing a polypeptide identical to the hERG1a N-terminal Per-Arnt-Sim domain reduced the magnitude of IKr proton inhibition in immatured hiPSC-CMs to levels comparable to those observed in matured hiPSC-CMs. These data demonstrate that hERG1 subunit abundance is dynamically regulated and determines IKr proton sensitivity in hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiamaka U Ukachukwu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric N Jimenez-Vazquez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abhilasha Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School.
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Minnebaeva EV, Durkina AV, Azarov JE, Bernikova OG. Myocardial Electrophysiological Response to Ischemia and Reperfusion Depends on the Age of Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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9
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Widatalla N, Funamoto K, Kawataki M, Yoshida C, Funamoto K, Saito M, Kasahara Y, Khandoker A, Kimura Y. Model-based estimation of QT intervals of mouse fetal electrocardiogram. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:45. [PMID: 35768841 PMCID: PMC9245267 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal prolongation in the QT interval or long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with several cardiac complications such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). LQTS is believed to be linked to genetic mutations which can be understood by using animal models, such as mice models. Nevertheless, the research related to fetal QT interval in mice is still limited because of challenges associated with T wave measurements in fetal electrocardiogram (fECG). Reliable measurement of T waves is essential for estimating their end timings for QT interval assessment. Results A mathematical model was used to estimate QT intervals. Estimated QT intervals were validated with Q-aortic closure (Q-Ac) intervals of Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and comparison between both showed good agreement with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.88 (r > 0.88, P < 0.05). Conclusion Model-based estimation of QT intervals can help in better understanding of QT intervals in fetal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namareq Widatalla
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | | | | | - Chihiro Yoshida
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenichi Funamoto
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kasahara
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Pustovit KB, Voronina YA, Kuzmin VS, Vornanen M. Ionic currents underlying different patterns of electrical activity in working cardiac myocytes of mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111204. [PMID: 35346823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The orderly contraction of the vertebrate heart is determined by generation and propagation of cardiac action potentials (APs). APs are generated by the integrated activity of time- and voltage-dependent ionic channels which carry inward Na+ and Ca2+ currents, and outward K+ currents. This review compares atrial and ventricular APs and underlying ion currents between different taxa of vertebrates. We have collected literature data and attempted to find common electrophysiological features for two or more vertebrate groups, show differences between taxa and cardiac chambers, and indicate gaps in the existing data. Although electrical excitability of the heart in all vertebrates is based on the same superfamily of channels, there is a vast variability of AP waveforms between atrial and ventricular myocytes, between different species of the same vertebrate class and between endothermic and ectothermic animals. The wide variability of AP shapes is related to species-specific differences in animal size, heart rate, stage of ontogenetic development, excitation-contraction coupling, temperature and oxygen availability. Some of the differences between taxa are related to evolutionary development of genomes, which appear e.g. in the expression of different Na+ and K+ channel orthologues in cardiomyocytes of vertebrates. There is a wonderful variability of AP shapes and underlying ion currents with which electrical excitability of vertebrate heart can be generated depending on the intrinsic and extrinsic conditions of animal body. This multitude of ionic mechanisms provides excellent material for studying how the function of the vertebrate heart can adapt or acclimate to prevailing physiological and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Yana A Voronina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119234, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3(rd) Cherepkovskaya str., 15A, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119234, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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11
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The insecticide β-Cyfluthrin induces acute arrhythmic cardiotoxicity through interaction with NaV1.5 and ranolazine reverses the phenotype. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:329-343. [PMID: 35190819 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyfluthrin, a class II Pyrethroid, is an insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, horticulture (field and protected crops), viticulture, and domestic applications. β-Cyfluthrin may impair the function of biological systems; however, little information is available about its potential cardiotoxic effect. Here, we explored the acute toxicity of β-Cyfluthrin in isolated heart preparations and its cellular basis, using isolated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, β-Cyfluthrin effects on the sodium current, especially late sodium current (INa-L), were investigated using HEK-293 cells transiently expressing human NaV1.5 channels. We report that β-Cyfluthrin raised INa-L in a dose-dependent manner. β-Cyfluthrin prolonged the repolarization of the action potential and triggered oscillations on its duration. Cardiomyocytes contraction and calcium dynamics were disrupted by the pesticide with a marked incidence of non-electronic stimulated contractions. The antiarrhythmic drug Ranolazine was able to reverse most of the phenotypes observed in isolated cells. Lastly, ventricular premature beats and long QT intervals were found during β-Cyfluthrin exposure, and Ranolazine was able to attenuate them. Overall, we demonstrated that β-Cyfluthrin can cause significant cardiac alterations and Ranolazine ameliorated the phenotype. Understanding the insecticides' impacts upon electromechanical properties of the heart is important for the development of therapeutic approaches to treat cases of pesticides intoxication.
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12
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Cumberland MJ, Riebel LL, Roy A, O’Shea C, Holmes AP, Denning C, Kirchhof P, Rodriguez B, Gehmlich K. Basic Research Approaches to Evaluate Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Failure and Beyond. Front Physiol 2022; 13:806366. [PMID: 35197863 PMCID: PMC8859441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.806366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure often develop cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms and interrelations linking heart failure and arrhythmias are not fully understood. Historically, research into arrhythmias has been performed on affected individuals or in vivo (animal) models. The latter however is constrained by interspecies variation, demands to reduce animal experiments and cost. Recent developments in in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell technology and in silico modelling have expanded the number of models available for the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia. An agnostic approach, combining the modalities discussed here, has the potential to improve our understanding for appraising the pathology and interactions between heart failure and arrhythmia and can provide robust and validated outcomes in a variety of research settings. This review discusses the state of the art models, methodologies and techniques used in the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia and will highlight the benefits of using them in combination. Special consideration is paid to assessing the pivotal role calcium handling has in the development of heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Cumberland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leto L. Riebel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Roy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, Biodiscovery Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Nguyen HX, Wu T, Needs D, Zhang H, Perelli RM, DeLuca S, Yang R, Pan M, Landstrom AP, Henriquez C, Bursac N. Engineered bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel platform for cardiac gene therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:620. [PMID: 35110560 PMCID: PMC8810800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies for cardiac arrhythmias could greatly benefit from approaches to enhance electrical excitability and action potential conduction in the heart by stably overexpressing mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the large size of these channels precludes their incorporation into therapeutic viral vectors. Here, we report a platform utilizing small-size, codon-optimized engineered prokaryotic sodium channels (BacNav) driven by muscle-specific promoters that significantly enhance excitability and conduction in rat and human cardiomyocytes in vitro and adult cardiac tissues from multiple species in silico. We also show that the expression of BacNav significantly reduces occurrence of conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias in fibrotic cardiac cultures. Moreover, functional BacNav channels are stably expressed in healthy mouse hearts six weeks following intravenous injection of self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) without causing any adverse effects on cardiac electrophysiology. The large diversity of prokaryotic sodium channels and experimental-computational platform reported in this study should facilitate the development and evaluation of BacNav-based gene therapies for cardiac conduction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung X Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Needs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin M Perelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Craig Henriquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Liao Y, Zhu L, Wang Y. Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Foe in Translation Medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:366-385. [PMID: 34711701 PMCID: PMC8611306 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth study of heart development, many human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been generated in a laboratory environment. CMs derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been widely used for a series of applications such as laboratory studies, drug toxicology screening, cardiac disease models, and as an unlimited resource for cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. However, the low maturity of the induced CMs significantly impedes their applicability. Scientists have been committed to improving the maturation of CMs to achieve the purpose of heart regeneration in the past decades. In this review, we take CMs maturation as the main object of discussion, describe the characteristics of CMs maturation, summarize the key regulatory mechanism of regulating maturation and address the approaches to promote CMs maturation. The maturation of CM is gradually improving due to the incorporation of advanced technologies and is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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15
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Gergs U, Brückner T, Hofmann B, Neumann J. The proarrhythmic effects of hypothermia in atria isolated from 5-HT 4-receptor-overexpressing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174206. [PMID: 34048737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether hypothermia would be arrhythmogenic in mice that overexpress the human 5-HT4 receptor only in their cardiac myocytes (5-HT4-TG). Contractile studies were performed in isolated, electrically driven (1 Hz) left and spontaneously beating right atrial preparations of 5-HT4-TG and littermate wild-type control mice (WT). Hypothermia (23 °C) decreased the force of contraction in the mouse right and left atrial preparations. Moreover, the concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects of 5-HT were blunted but still shifted to lower 5-HT concentrations in the left 5-HT4-TG atria in hypothermia compared to normothermia (37 °C). Furthermore, hypothermia increased the incidence of right atrial arrhythmias in 5-HT4-TG more than in WT mice. In contrast, at 37 °C, lowering the potassium concentration from 5.2 to 2.0 mM also induced arrhythmias in the right atrium, but with a similar incidence in WT and 5-HT4-TG mice. In contrast, 10 μM d,l-sotalol and 300 μM erythromycin did not induce arrhythmias. Hypothermia was accompanied by the increased expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in WT but not in 5-HT4-TG mice. We concluded that without the stimulation of 5-HT4-receptors by exogenous agonists, a simple temperature reduction can increase arrhythmias in 5-HT4-TG mice. It is tempting to speculate that in human patients, 5-HT4 receptors might contribute to potentially deadly hypothermia-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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16
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Kuzmin VS, Ivanova AD, Potekhina VM, Samoilova DV, Ushenin KS, Shvetsova AA, Petrov AM. The susceptibility of the rat pulmonary and caval vein myocardium to the catecholamine-induced ectopy changes oppositely in postnatal development. J Physiol 2021; 599:2803-2821. [PMID: 33823063 DOI: 10.1113/jp280485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The developmental changes of the caval (SVC) and pulmonary vein (PV) myocardium electrophysiology are traced throughout postnatal ontogenesis. The myocardium in SVC as well as in PV demonstrate age-dependent differences in the ability to maintain resting membrane potential, to manifest automaticity in a form of ectopic action potentials in basal condition and in responses to the adrenergic stimulation. Electrophysiological characteristics of two distinct types of thoracic vein myocardium change in an opposite manner during early postnatal ontogenesis with increased proarrhythmicity of pulmonary and decreased automaticity in caval veins. Predisposition of PV cardiac tissue to proarrhythmycity develops during ontogenesis in time correlation with the establishment of sympathetic innervation of the tissue. The electrophysiological properties of caval vein cardiac tissue shift from a pacemaker-like phenotype to atrial phenotype in accompaniment with sympathetic nerve growth and adrenergic receptor expression changes. ABSTRACT The thoracic vein myocardium is considered as a main source for atrial fibrillation initiation due to its high susceptibility to ectopic activity. The mechanism by which and when pulmonary (PV) and superior vena cava (SVC) became proarrhythmic during postnatal ontogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we traced postnatal changes of electrophysiology in a correlation with the sympathetic innervation and adrenergic receptor distribution to reveal developmental differences in proarrhythmicity occurrence in PV and SVC myocardium. A standard microelectrode technique was used to assess the changes in ability to maintain resting membrane potential (RMP), generate spontaneous action potentials (SAP) and adrenergically induced ectopy in multicellular SVC and PV preparations of rats of different postnatal ages. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to trace postnatal changes in sympathetic innervation, β1- and α1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) distribution. We revealed that the ability to generate SAP and susceptibility to adrenergic stimulation changes during postnatal ontogenesis in an opposite manner in PV and SVC myocardium. While SAP occurrence decreases with age in SVC myocardium, it significantly increases in PV cardiac tissue. PV myocardium starts to demonstrate RMP instability and proarrhythmic activity from the 14th day of postnatal life which correlates with the appearance of the sympathetic innervation of the thoracic veins. In addition, postnatal attenuation of SVC myocardium automaticity occurs concomitantly with sympathetic innervation establishment and increase in β1-ARs, but not α1A-AR levels. Our results support the contention that SVC and PV myocardium electrophysiology change during postnatal development, resulting in higher PV proarrhythmicity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, Butlerova st. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia.,Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', P. O. Box 30, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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17
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Kompella SN, Brette F, Hancox JC, Shiels HA. Phenanthrene impacts zebrafish cardiomyocyte excitability by inhibiting IKr and shortening action potential duration. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:e202012733. [PMID: 33475719 PMCID: PMC7829948 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an environmental hazard that is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Phenanthrene is a three-ringed polyaromatic hydrocarbon that is a significant component of air pollution and crude oil and has been shown to cause cardiac dysfunction in marine fishes. We investigated the cardiotoxic effects of phenanthrene in zebrafish (Danio rerio), an animal model relevant to human cardiac electrophysiology, using whole-cell patch-clamp of ventricular cardiomyocytes. First, we show that phenanthrene significantly shortened action potential duration without altering resting membrane potential or upstroke velocity (dV/dt). L-type Ca2+ current was significantly decreased by phenanthrene, consistent with the decrease in action potential duration. Phenanthrene blocked the hERG orthologue (zfERG) native current, IKr, and accelerated IKr deactivation kinetics in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that phenanthrene significantly inhibits the protective IKr current envelope, elicited by a paired ventricular AP-like command waveform protocol. Phenanthrene had no effect on other IK. These findings demonstrate that exposure to phenanthrene shortens action potential duration, which may reduce refractoriness and increase susceptibility to certain arrhythmia triggers, such as premature ventricular contractions. These data also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of polyaromatic hydrocarbon cardiotoxicity on zfERG by accelerating deactivation and decreasing IKr protective current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva N. Kompella
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fabien Brette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Leke AZ, Dolk H, Loane M, Casson K, Nelen V, Barišić I, Garne E, Rissman A, O'Mahony M, Neville AJ, Pierini A, Bergman JEH, Klungsøyr K, Materna-Kiryluk A, Bielenska AL, Carbonell CC, Addor MC, Tucker D. Macrolide and lincosamide antibiotic exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital anomaly: A European case-control study. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:101-108. [PMID: 33454317 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) and other congenital anomalies (CA) associated with first trimester use of macrolide antibiotics (mainly erythromycin, spiramycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) and lincosamides (clindamycin) using a case-malformed control design. Data included 145,936 babies with a CA diagnosis (livebirths, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy for CA) from 15 population-based EUROCAT registries in 13 European countries, covering 9 million births 1995-2012. Cases were babies with CHD, anencephaly, orofacial clefts, genital and limb reduction anomalies associated with antibiotic exposure in the literature. Controls were babies with other CA or genetic conditions. Main outcomes were odds ratios adjusted (AOR) for maternal age and registry, with 95 % Confidence Intervals (95 %CI). Macrolide and lincosamide exposure was recorded for 307 and 28 cases, 72 and 4 non-genetic controls, 57 and 7 genetic controls, respectively. AOR for CHD was not significantly raised (AOR 0.94, 95 %CI: 0.70-1.26 vs non-genetic controls; AOR 1.01, 95 %CI: 0.73-1.41 vs genetic controls), nor significantly raised for any specific macrolide. The risk of atrioventricular septal defect was significantly raised with exposure to any macrolide (AOR 2.98; 95 %CI: 1.48-6.01), erythromycin (AOR 3.68, 95 %CI: 1.28-10.61), and azithromycin (AOR 4.50, 95 %CI: 1.30-15.58). Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and clindamycin were associated with an increased risk of at least one other CA. Further research is needed on the risk of specific CA associated with macrolide and lincosamide use in the first trimester, particularly relevant for the potential use of azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminkeng Zawuo Leke
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Dolk
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Loane
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Casson
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Barišić
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School University of Zagreb, Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ester Garne
- Paediatric Department Hospital, Lillebaelt Skovvangen, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Anke Rissman
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mary O'Mahony
- Medicine Department of Public Health, St Finbarr's Hospital Douglas Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amanda J Neville
- IMER Registry (Emila Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara - Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di Ferrara, Corso della Giovecca, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pierini
- Tuscany Registry of Congenital Defects, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology/Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Kalfarveien, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations, Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Latos Bielenska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Clara Cavero Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie-Claude Addor
- Registre Vaudois des Malformations EUROCAT Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Maternité, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Tucker
- Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service, Level 3 West Wing, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, United Kingdom
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19
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Peinkofer G, Maass M, Pfannkuche K, Sachinidis A, Baldus S, Hescheler J, Saric T, Halbach M. Persistence of intramyocardially transplanted murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from different developmental stages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 33419458 PMCID: PMC7792075 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) are regarded as promising cell type for cardiac cell replacement therapy, but it is not known whether the developmental stage influences their persistence and functional integration in the host tissue, which are crucial for a long-term therapeutic benefit. To investigate this, we first tested the cell adhesion capability of murine iPSC-CM in vitro at three different time points during the differentiation process and then examined cell persistence and quality of electrical integration in the infarcted myocardium in vivo. Methods To test cell adhesion capabilities in vitro, iPSC-CM were seeded on fibronectin-coated cell culture dishes and decellularized ventricular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. After fixed periods of time, stably attached cells were quantified. For in vivo experiments, murine iPSC-CM expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein was injected into infarcted hearts of adult mice. After 6–7 days, viable ventricular tissue slices were prepared to enable action potential (AP) recordings in transplanted iPSC-CM and surrounding host cardiomyocytes. Afterwards, slices were lysed, and genomic DNA was prepared, which was then used for quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate grafted iPSC-CM count. Results The in vitro results indicated differences in cell adhesion capabilities between day 14, day 16, and day 18 iPSC-CM with day 14 iPSC-CM showing the largest number of attached cells on ECM scaffolds. After intramyocardial injection, day 14 iPSC-CM showed a significant higher cell count compared to day 16 iPSC-CM. AP measurements revealed no significant difference in the quality of electrical integration and only minor differences in AP properties between d14 and d16 iPSC-CM. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that the developmental stage at the time of transplantation is crucial for the persistence of transplanted iPSC-CM. iPSC-CM at day 14 of differentiation showed the highest persistence after transplantation in vivo, which may be explained by a higher capability to adhere to the extracellular matrix. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02089-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Peinkofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Martina Maass
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular GvHD Competence Center (P.S.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Tomo Saric
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Kuzmin VS, Potekhina VM, Odnoshivkina YG, Chelombitko MA, Fedorov AV, Averina OA, Borodkov AS, Shevtsova AA, Lovat ML, Petrov AM. Proarrhythmic atrial ectopy associated with heart sympathetic innervation dysfunctions is specific for murine B6CBAF1 hybrid strain. Life Sci 2020; 266:118887. [PMID: 33316264 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A lot of animal models are developed with aim to advance in atrial fibrillation (AF) understanding. The hybrid B6CBAF1 mice are used extensively as a background to create manifestation of various diseases, however, their atrial electrophysiology, autonomic sympathetic innervation of the heart and potential for AF investigation is poorly characterized. In the present study we used ECG and microelectrode recordings from multicellular atrial preparations to reveal attributes of atrial electrical activity in B6CBAF1. Also, experiments with a fluorescent false monoamine neurotransmitter and glyoxylic acid-based staining were carried out to characterize functionally and morphologically catecholaminergic innervation of the B6CBAF1 atria. Atrial myocardium of B6CBAF1 is highly prone to ectopic automaticity and exhibits abnormal spontaneous action potential accompanied by multiple postdepolarizations that result in proarrhythmic triggered activity unlike two parental C57Bl/6 and CBA strains. In vivo experiments revealed that B6CBAF1 hybrids are more susceptible to the norepinephrine induced AF. Also, sympathetic nerve terminals are partially dysfunctional in B6CBAF1 revealing lower ability to accumulate and release neurotransmitters unlike two parental strains. The analysis of the heart rate variability revealed suppressed sympathetic component of the autonomic heart control in B6CBAF1. The organization of sympathetic innervation is very similar morphologically in all three murine strains however the abundance of non-bifurcated catecholamine-positive fibers in B6CBAF1 was increased. These results suggest that B6CBAF1 mice exhibit enhanced intrinsic atrial proarrhythmicity, while the abnormalities of sympathetic neurotransmitter cycling probably underlie disturbed autonomic heart control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad S Kuzmin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitjanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriia M Potekhina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Maria A Chelombitko
- The A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, MSU, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V Fedorov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Averina
- The A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, MSU, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Borodkov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academу of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shevtsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim L Lovat
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
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21
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Park J, Nakatomi M, Sasaguri M, Habu M, Takahashi O, Yoshiga D, Matsuyama K, Kataoka S, Toyono T, Seta Y, Peters H, Tominaga K. Msx1 Heterozygosity in Mice Enhances Susceptibility to Phenytoin-Induced Hypoxic Stress Causing Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:697-706. [PMID: 34047208 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620962690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cleft palate is among the most frequent congenital defects in humans. While gene-environment multifactorial threshold models have been proposed to explain this cleft palate formation, only a few experimental models have verified this theory. This study aimed to clarify whether gene-environment interaction can cause cleft palate through a combination of specific genetic and environmental factors. METHODS Msx1 heterozygosity in mice (Msx1+/-) was selected as a genetic factor since human MSX1 gene mutations may cause nonsyndromic cleft palate. As an environmental factor, hypoxic stress was induced in pregnant mice by administration of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin, a known arrhythmia inducer, during palatal development from embryonic day (E) 11 to E14. Embryos were dissected at E13 for histological analysis or at E17 for recording of the palatal state. RESULTS Phenytoin administration downregulated cell proliferation in palatal processes in both wild-type and Msx1+/- embryos. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) expression was slightly downregulated in the anterior palatal process of Msx1+/- embryos. Although Msx1+/- embryos do not show cleft palate under normal conditions, phenytoin administration induced a significantly higher incidence of cleft palate in Msx1+/- embryos compared to wild-type littermates. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that cleft palate may occur because of the additive effects of Bmp4 downregulation as a result of Msx1 heterozygosity and decreased cell proliferation upon hypoxic stress. Human carriers of MSX1 mutations may have to take more precautions during pregnancy to avoid exposure to environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsil Park
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sasaguri
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Manabu Habu
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshiga
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kae Matsuyama
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinji Kataoka
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuji Seta
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Heiko Peters
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, 12920Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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23
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Liu YQ, Xue SM, Zhang P, Xu LN, Wang DP, Li G, Cao JM. Silica Nanoparticles Disturb Ion Channels and Transmembrane Potentials of Cardiomyocytes and Induce Lethal Arrhythmias in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7397-7413. [PMID: 33116478 PMCID: PMC7547143 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s261692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on cardiac electrophysiology has seldom been evaluated. Methods Patch-clamp was used to investigate the acute effects of SiNP-100 (100 nm) and SiNP-20 (20 nm) on the transmembrane potentials (TMPs) and ion channels in cultured neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Calcium mobilization in vitro, cardiomyocyte ROS generation, and LDH leakage after exposure to SiNPs in vitro and in vivo were measured using a microplate reader. Surface electrocardiograms were recorded in adult mice to evaluate the arrhythmogenic effects of SiNPs in vivo. SiNP endocytosis was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Results Within 30 min, both SiNPs (10-8-10-6 g/mL) did not affect the resting potential and IK1 channels. SiNP-100 increased the action potential amplitude (APA) and the INa current density, but SiNP-20 decreased APA and INa density. SiNP-100 prolonged the action potential duration (APD) and decreased the Ito current density, while SiNP-20 prolonged or shortened the APD, depending on exposure concentrations and increased Ito density. Both SiNPs (10-6 g/mL) induced calcium mobilization but did not increase ROS and LDH levels and were not endocytosed within 10 min in cardiomyocytes in vitro. In vivo, SiNP-100 (4-10 mg/kg) and SiNP-20 (4-30 mg/kg) did not elevate myocardial ROS but increased LDH levels depending on dose and exposure time. The same higher dose of SiNPs (intravenously injected) induced tachyarrhythmias and lethal bradyarrhythmias within 90 min in adult mice. Conclusion SiNPs (i) exert rapid toxic effects on the TMPs of cardiomyocytes in vitro largely owing to their direct interfering effects on the INa and Ito channels and Ca2+ homeostasis but not IK1 channels and ROS levels, and (ii) induce tachyarrhythmias and lethal bradyarrhythmias in vivo. SiNP-100 is more toxic than SiNP-20 on cardiac electrophysiology, and the toxicity mechanism is likely more complicated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Meng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
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24
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Lipovsky CE, Jimenez J, Guo Q, Li G, Yin T, Hicks SC, Bhatnagar S, Takahashi K, Zhang DM, Brumback BD, Goldsztejn U, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantez C, Moskowitz IP, Liu S, Zhang B, Rentschler SL. Chamber-specific transcriptional responses in atrial fibrillation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135319. [PMID: 32841220 PMCID: PMC7526559 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, yet the molecular signature of the vulnerable atrial substrate is not well understood. Here, we delineated a distinct transcriptional signature in right versus left atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) at baseline and identified chamber-specific gene expression changes in patients with a history of AF in the setting of end-stage heart failure (AF+HF) that are not present in heart failure alone (HF). We observed that human left atrial (LA) CMs exhibited Notch pathway activation and increased ploidy in AF+HF but not in HF alone. Transient activation of Notch signaling within adult CMs in a murine genetic model is sufficient to increase ploidy in both atrial chambers. Notch activation within LA CMs generated a transcriptomic fingerprint resembling AF, with dysregulation of transcription factor and ion channel genes, including Pitx2, Tbx5, Kcnh2, Kcnq1, and Kcnip2. Notch activation also produced distinct cellular electrophysiologic responses in LA versus right atrial CMs, prolonging the action potential duration (APD) without altering the upstroke velocity in the left atrium and reducing the maximal upstroke velocity without altering the APD in the right atrium. Our results support a shared human/murine model of increased Notch pathway activity predisposing to AF. Distinct transcriptional changes occur in human left versus right atrial cardiomyocytes in atrial fibrillation, including Notch pathway activation, which alters electric properties and ploidy in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | | | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division
| | | | - Somya Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | | | | | - Brittany D Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Uri Goldsztejn
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantez
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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25
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Uchino T, Zheng MQ, Wang Y, Ono K. Cardiac specific transcription factor Csx/Nkx2.5 regulates transient-outward K + channel expression in pluripotent P19 cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:20. [PMID: 32213161 PMCID: PMC7096375 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The homeobox-containing gene Csx/Nkx2.5 codes several cardiac transcription factors and plays a critical role in early cardiogenesis. We investigated the effect of Csx/Nkx2.5 on the expression of cardiac ion channels using P19-derived cardiomyocytes. P19CL6 cells and P19CL6 cells with Csx/Nkx2.5 overexpression (P19CL6-Csx cells) were induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide. Action potentials and membrane currents were measured by whole cell patch clamp at different differentiation stage: the early stage (1–5 days after beating had begun) and the late stage (10–15 days after beating). Expression of Csx/Nkx2.5 mRNA was increased as the differentiation stages advanced in both P19CL6 and P19CL6-Csx cells. In action potential configuration, maximal diastolic potentials in P19CL6-Csx cells exhibited more hyperpolarized potential (‒ 64.2 mV) than those in P19CL6 cells (‒ 54.8 mV, p < 0.01) in the early stage. In P19CL6 cells, among 6 different voltage-gated and ligand-operated K+ channels expressed during the early stage, the transient-outward K+ channel was most predominant. By overexpression of Csx/Nkx2.5, developmental decrease in the transient-outward K+ channel was suppressed. Homeobox-containing gene Csx/Nkx2.5 modifies the amount of distinct ionic channels, during differentiation periods, predominantly changing the expression of the transient-outward K+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Uchino
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Ming-Qi Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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26
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Swift LM, Burke M, Guerrelli D, Reilly M, Ramadan M, McCullough D, Prudencio T, Mulvany C, Chaluvadi A, Jaimes R, Posnack NG. Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling: implications for pediatric cardiac research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H354-H365. [PMID: 31886723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models are frequently employed in cardiovascular research, yet our understanding of pediatric cardiac physiology has largely been deduced from more simplified two-dimensional cell studies. Previous studies have shown that postnatal development includes an alteration in the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell coupling, ion channels, and intracellular calcium handling. Accordingly, we hypothesized that postnatal cell maturation is likely to lead to dynamic alterations in whole heart electrophysiology and calcium handling. To test this hypothesis, we employed multiparametric imaging and electrophysiological techniques to quantify developmental changes from neonate to adult. In vivo electrocardiograms were collected to assess changes in heart rate, variability, and atrioventricular conduction (Sprague-Dawley rats). Intact, whole hearts were transferred to a Langendorff-perfusion system for multiparametric imaging (voltage, calcium). Optical mapping was performed in conjunction with an electrophysiology study to assess cardiac dynamics throughout development. Postnatal age was associated with an increase in the heart rate (181 ± 34 vs. 429 ± 13 beats/min), faster atrioventricular conduction (94 ± 13 vs. 46 ± 3 ms), shortened action potentials (APD80: 113 ± 18 vs. 60 ± 17 ms), and decreased ventricular refractoriness (VERP: 157 ± 45 vs. 57 ± 14 ms; neonatal vs. adults, means ± SD, P < 0.05). Calcium handling matured with development, resulting in shortened calcium transient durations (168 ± 18 vs. 117 ± 14 ms) and decreased propensity for calcium transient alternans (160 ± 18- vs. 99 ± 11-ms cycle length threshold; neonatal vs. adults, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric disease modeling and/or preclinical testing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development, using both in vivo and whole heart models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther M Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Morgan Burke
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marissa Reilly
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Damon McCullough
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tomas Prudencio
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Colm Mulvany
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ashika Chaluvadi
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rafael Jaimes
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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27
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Lin CX, Gu JL, Cao JM. The acute toxic effects of platinum nanoparticles on ion channels, transmembrane potentials of cardiomyocytes in vitro and heart rhythm in vivo in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5595-5609. [PMID: 31413565 PMCID: PMC6660630 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s209135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have been considered a nontoxic nanomaterial and been clinically used in cancer chemotherapy. PtNPs can also be vehicle exhausts and environmental pollutants. These situations increase the possibility of human exposure to PtNPs. However, the potential biotoxicities of PtNPs including that on cardiac electrophysiology have been poorly understood. Methods Ion channel currents of cardiomyocytes were recorded by patch clamp. Heart rhythm was monitored by electrocardiogram recording. Morphology and characteristics of PtNPs were examined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic light scattering analyses. Results In cultured neonatal mice ventricular cardiomyocytes, PtNPs with diameters 5 nm (PtNP-5) and 70 nm (PtNP-70) concentration-dependently (10–9 – 10–5 g/mL) depolarized the resting potentials, suppressed the depolarization of action potentials and delayed the repolarization of action potentials. At the ion channel level, PtNPs decreased the current densities of INa, IK1 and Ito channels, but did not affect the channel activity kinetics. In vivo, PtNP-5 and PtNP-70 dose-dependently (3–10 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased the heart rate and induced complete atrioventricular conduction block (AVB) at higher doses. Both PtNP-5 and PtNP-70 (10–9 – 10–5 g/mL) did not significantly increase the generation of ROS and leak of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cardiomyocytes within 5 mins after exposure except that only very high PtNP-5 (10–5 g/mL) slightly increased LDH leak. The internalization of PtNP-5 and PtNP-70 did not occur within 5 mins but occurred 1 hr after exposure. Conclusion PtNP-5 and PtNP-70 have similar acute toxic effects on cardiac electrophysiology and can induce threatening cardiac conduction block. These acute electrophysiological toxicities of PtNPs are most likely caused by a nanoscale interference of PtNPs on ion channels at the extracellular side, rather than by oxidative damage or other slower biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Li Gu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Kanthan A, Fahmy P, Rao R, Pouliopoulos J, Alexander IE, Thomas SP, Kizana E. Human Connexin40 Mutations Slow Conduction and Increase Propensity for Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:114-121. [PMID: 28457700 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch clamping studies using non-cardiomyocytes revealed that the human connexin40 mutations P88S, G38D, and A96S are associated with reduced gap junction conductances compared to wild type connexin40 (wtCx40). Their effects within myocytes however are unclear. We aimed to characterise P88S, G38D, and A96S after expression in rat hearts and primary cardiomyocyte cultures. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rat atria were transduced with a lentivector containing a transgene encoding wtCx40, P88S, G38D, A96S, or eGFP (n=6 per transgene). Electrophysiology studies (EPS) were performed just prior to and 7 days after surgery. Left atria were assessed for connexin expression, mRNA levels, inflammation and fibrosis. Primary cardiomyocyte cultures were also transduced with the abovementioned vectors (n=6 per transgene) and monolayer conduction velocities (CV) and protein expression were assessed at 96hours. RESULTS At day 7 EPS, P wave and induced atrial fibrillation (AF) durations were significantly longer in the mutant groups when compared to wtCx40 controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in inflammation, fibrosis, or heart to body weight ratios. Monolayer CV's were reduced in the A96S group compared to the wtCx40 group. While similar to wtCx40 controls, P88S velocities were reduced compared to eGFP controls. G38D monolayers possessed spontaneous fibrillatory activity and could not be paced. Immunofluorescence revealed that P88S and G38D reduced native connexin43 myocyte coupling while A96S appeared to co-localise with connexin43 in gap junctions. Connexin43 mRNA levels were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS The A96S, G38D, and P88S Cx40 mutations slow conduction and increased the propensity for inducible AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Kanthan
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Fahmy
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renuka Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Pouliopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Childrens Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart P Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mayer A, Bittihn P, Luther S. Complex restitution behavior and reentry in a cardiac tissue model for neonatal mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/19/e13449. [PMID: 28989116 PMCID: PMC5641936 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal dynamics in cardiac tissue emerging from the coupling of individual cardiomyocytes underlie the heart's normal rhythm as well as undesired and possibly life-threatening arrhythmias. While single cells and their transmembrane currents have been studied extensively, systematically investigating spatiotemporal dynamics is complicated by the nontrivial relationship between single-cell and emergent tissue properties. Mathematical models have been employed to bridge this gap and contribute to a deepened understanding of the onset, development, and termination of arrhythmias. However, no such tissue-level model currently exists for neonatal mice. Here, we build on a recent single-cell model of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes by Wang and Sobie (Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol 294:H2565) to predict properties that are commonly used to gauge arrhythmogenicity of cardiac substrates. We modify the model to yield well-defined behavior for common experimental protocols and construct a spatially extended version to study emergent tissue dynamics. We find a complex action potential duration (APD) restitution behavior characterized by a nonmonotonic dependence on pacing frequency. Electrotonic coupling in tissue leads not only to changes in action potential morphology but can also induce spatially concordant and discordant alternans not observed in the single-cell model. In two-dimensional tissue, our results show that the model supports stable functional reentry, whose frequency is in good agreement with that observed in adult mice. Our results can be used to further constrain and validate the mathematical model of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mayer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Bittihn
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Luther
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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SUMOylation determines the voltage required to activate cardiac IKs channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6686-E6694. [PMID: 28743749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706267114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IKs channels open in response to depolarization of the membrane voltage during the cardiac action potential, passing potassium ions outward to repolarize ventricular myocytes and end each beat. Here, we show that the voltage required to activate IKs channels depends on their covalent modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins. IKs channels are comprised of four KCNQ1 pore-forming subunits, two KCNE1 accessory subunits, and up to four SUMOs, one on Lys424 of each KCNQ1 subunit. Each SUMO shifts the half-maximal activation voltage (V1/2) of IKs ∼ +8 mV, producing a maximal +34-mV shift in neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the mouse or human subunits. Unexpectedly, channels formed without KCNE1 carry at most two SUMOs despite having four available KCNQ1-Lys424 sites. SUMOylation of KCNQ1 is KCNE1 dependent and determines the native attributes of cardiac IKs in vivo.
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31
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Zhao H, Shen R, Dong X, Shen Y. Murine Double Minute-2 Inhibition Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Fibrosis by Modulating NF-κB Pathway After Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Inflammation 2017; 40:232-239. [PMID: 27838797 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in myocardial infarction (MI). MDM2 associates with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. However, the role of MDM2 in MI remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of MDM2 inhibition on cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after experimental MI and the underlying mechanisms. Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation for induction of myocardial infarction (MI). Immediately after MI induction, mice were treated with Nutlin-3a (100 mg/kg) or vehicle twice daily for 4 weeks. Survival, heart function and fibrosis were assessed. Signaling molecules were detected by Western blotting. Mouse myofibroblasts under oxygen and glucose deprivation were used for in vitro experiments. MDM2 protein expression was significantly elevated in the mouse heart after MI. Compared with vehicle-treated animals, Nutlin-3a treatment reduced the mouse mortality. Nutlin-3a treatment improved heart function and decreased the infarct scar and fibrosis compared with vehicle. Furthermore, MDM2 inhibition restored IκB and inhibited NF-κB activation, leading to suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines in the heart after MI. The consistent results were obtained in vitro. MDM2 inhibition reduced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after MI. These effects of MDM2 inhibition is mediated through modulating NF-κB activation, resulting in inhibition of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ruijuan Shen
- Department of Health, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Health, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
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Zhang Z, Huang TQ, Nepliouev I, Zhang H, Barnett AS, Rosenberg PB, Ou SHI, Stiber JA. Crizotinib Inhibits Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel 4 Activity. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2017; 3. [PMID: 28217366 PMCID: PMC5310672 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-017-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus bradycardia is frequently observed in patients treated with crizotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated whether crizotinib could influence heart rate (HR) through direct cardiac effects. METHODS The direct effect of crizotinib on HR was studied using ECG analysis of Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to measure the effects of crizotinib on the hyperpolarization-activated funny current, If, in mouse sinoatrial node cells (SANCs) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) activity in HEK-293 cells stably expressing human HCN4. RESULTS Crizotinib resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in HR in isolated intact mouse hearts with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.7 ± 0.4 μmol/L. Because ECG analysis revealed that crizotinib (0-5 μmol/L) resulted in significant reductions in HR in isolated mouse hearts without changes in PR, QRS, or QT intervals, we performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings of SANCs which showed that crizotinib inhibited If which regulates cardiac pacemaker activity. Crizotinib resulted in diminished current density of HCN4, the major molecular determinant of If, with an IC50 of 1.4 ± 0.3 μmol/L. Crizotinib also slowed HCN4 activation and shifted the activation curve to the left towards more hyperpolarized potentials. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that crizotinib's effects on HCN4 channels play a significant role in mediating its observed effects on HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhushan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Tai-Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Igor Nepliouev
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Adam S Barnett
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Sai-Hong I Ou
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
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McKinnon D, Rosati B. Transmural gradients in ion channel and auxiliary subunit expression. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:165-186. [PMID: 27702655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evolution has acted to shape the action potential in different regions of the heart in order to produce a maximally stable and efficient pump. This has been achieved by creating regional differences in ion channel expression levels within the heart as well as differences between equivalent cardiac tissues in different species. These region- and species-dependent differences in channel expression are established by regulatory evolution, evolution of the regulatory mechanisms that control channel expression levels. Ion channel auxiliary subunits are obvious targets for regulatory evolution, in order to change channel expression levels and/or modify channel function. This review focuses on the transmural gradients of ion channel expression in the heart and the role that regulation of auxiliary subunit expression plays in generating and shaping these gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McKinnon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA; Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Barbara Rosati
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA; Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Peinkofer G, Burkert K, Urban K, Krausgrill B, Hescheler J, Saric T, Halbach M. From Early Embryonic to Adult Stage: Comparative Study of Action Potentials of Native and Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1397-406. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Peinkofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Burkert
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krausgrill
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomo Saric
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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35
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Ruppert S, Vormberge T, Igl BW, Hoffmann M. ECG telemetry in conscious guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liu J, Laksman Z, Backx PH. The electrophysiological development of cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:253-73. [PMID: 26788696 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has become an important resource for modeling human cardiac disease and for drug screening, and also holds significant potential for cardiac regeneration. Many challenges remain to be overcome however, before innovation in this field can translate into a change in the morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease. Of particular importance for the future application of this technology is an improved understanding of the electrophysiologic characteristics of CMs, so that better protocols can be developed and optimized for generating hPSC-CMs. Many different cell culture protocols are currently utilized to generate CMs from hPSCs and all appear to yield relatively “developmentally” immature CMs with highly heterogeneous electrical properties. These hPSC-CMs are characterized by spontaneous beating at highly variable rates with a broad range of depolarization-repolarization patterns, suggestive of mixed populations containing atrial, ventricular and nodal cells. Many recent studies have attempted to introduce approaches to promote maturation and to create cells with specific functional properties. In this review, we summarize the studies in which the electrical properties of CMs derived from stem cells have been examined. In order to place this information in a useful context, we also review the electrical properties of CMs as they transition from the developing embryo to the adult human heart. The signal pathways involved in the regulation of ion channel expression during development are also briefly considered.
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Li L, Zhao D, Jin Z, Zhang J, Paul C, Wang Y. Phosphodiesterase 5a Inhibition with Adenoviral Short Hairpin RNA Benefits Infarcted Heart Partially through Activation of Akt Signaling Pathway and Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145766. [PMID: 26709517 PMCID: PMC4692549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference therapy targeting phosphodiesterase 5a after myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to mitigate post-MI heart failure. We investigated the mechanisms that underpin the beneficial effects of PDE5a inhibition through shRNA on post-MI heart failure. Methods An adenoviral vector with an shRNA sequence inserted was adopted for the inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5a (Ad-shPDE5a) in vivo and in vitro. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by left coronary artery ligation, and immediately after that, the Ad-shPDE5a was injected intramyocardially around the MI region and border areas. Results Four weeks post-MI, the Ad-shPDE5a-treated mice showed significant mitigation of the left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction compared to control mice. Infarction size and fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Ad-shPDE5a-treated mice. Additionally, Ad-shPDE5a treatment decreased the MI-induced inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β1, which was confirmed in vitro in Ad-shPDE5a transfected myofibroblasts cultured under oxygen glucose deprivation. Finally, Ad-shPDE5a treatment was found to activate the myocardial Akt signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Conclusion These findings indicate that PDE5a inhibition by Ad-shPDE5a via the Akt signal pathway could be of significant value in the design of future therapeutics for post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China, Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of EICU, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lees-Miller JP, Guo J, Wang Y, Perissinotti LL, Noskov SY, Duff HJ. Ivabradine prolongs phase 3 of cardiac repolarization and blocks the hERG1 (KCNH2) current over a concentration-range overlapping with that required to block HCN4. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Besser J, Malan D, Wystub K, Bachmann A, Wietelmann A, Sasse P, Fleischmann BK, Braun T, Boettger T. MiRNA-1/133a clusters regulate adrenergic control of cardiac repolarization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113449. [PMID: 25415383 PMCID: PMC4240597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical properties of the heart are primarily determined by the activity of ion channels and the activity of these molecules is permanently modulated and adjusted to the physiological needs by adrenergic signaling. miRNAs are known to control the expression of many proteins and to fulfill distinct functions in the mammalian heart, though the in vivo effects of miRNAs on the electrical activity of the heart are poorly characterized. The miRNAs miR-1 and miR-133a are the most abundant miRNAs of the heart and are expressed from two miR-1/133a genomic clusters. Genetic modulation of miR-1/133a cluster expression without concomitant severe disturbance of general cardiomyocyte physiology revealed that these miRNA clusters govern cardiac muscle repolarization. Reduction of miR-1/133a dosage induced a longQT phenotype in mice especially at low heart rates. Longer action potentials in cardiomyocytes are caused by modulation of the impact of β-adrenergic signaling on the activity of the depolarizing L-type calcium channel. Pharmacological intervention to attenuate β-adrenergic signaling or L-type calcium channel activity in vivo abrogated the longQT phenotype that is caused by modulation of miR-1/133a activity. Thus, we identify the miR-1/133a miRNA clusters to be important to prevent a longQT-phenotype in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Besser
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Wystub
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Angela Bachmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (TB)
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (TB)
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Ahir BK, Pratten MK. Developmental cardiotoxicity effects of four commonly used antiepileptic drugs in embryonic chick heart micromass culture and embryonic stem cell culture systems. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:948-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baumgartner S, Halbach M, Krausgrill B, Maass M, Srinivasan SP, Sahito RGA, Peinkofer G, Nguemo F, Müller-Ehmsen J, Hescheler J. Electrophysiological and morphological maturation of murine fetal cardiomyocytes during electrical stimulation in vitro. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:104-12. [PMID: 24917562 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414536273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous electrical stimulation affects electrophysiological properties and cell morphology of fetal cardiomyocytes (FCMs) in culture. Fetal cardiomyocytes at day 14.5 post coitum were harvested from murine hearts and electrically stimulated for 6 days in culture using a custom-made stimulation chamber. Subsequently, action potentials of FCM were recorded with glass microelectrodes. Immunostainings of α-Actinin, connexin 43, and vinculin were performed. Expression of ion channel subunits Kcnd2, Slc8a1, Cacna1, Kcnh2, and Kcnb1 was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Action potential duration to 50% and 90% repolarization (APD50 and APD90) of electrically stimulated FCMs were significantly decreased when compared to nonstimulated control FCM. Alignment of cells was significantly higher in stimulated FCM when compared to control FCM. The expression of connexin 43 was significantly increased in stimulated FCM when compared to control FCM. The ratio between cell length and cell width of the stimulated FCM was significantly higher than in control FCM. Kcnh2 and Kcnd2 were upregulated in stimulated FCM when compared to control FCM. Expression of Slc8a1, Cacna1c, and Kcnb1 was not different in stimulated and control FCMs. The decrease in APD50 observed after electrical stimulation of FCM in vitro corresponds to the electrophysiological maturation of FCM in vivo. Expression levels of ion channels suggest that some important but not all aspects of the complex process of electrophysiological maturation are promoted by electrical stimulation. Parallel alignment, increased connexin 43 expression, and elongation of FCM are signs of a morphological maturation induced by electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Baumgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krausgrill
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Maass
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Gabriel Peinkofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Yang T, Chun YW, Stroud DM, Mosley JD, Knollmann BC, Hong C, Roden DM. Screening for acute IKr block is insufficient to detect torsades de pointes liability: role of late sodium current. Circulation 2014; 130:224-34. [PMID: 24895457 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs are routinely screened for IKr blocking properties thought to predict QT prolonging and arrhythmogenic liability. However, recent data suggest that chronic (hours) drug exposure to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors used in cancer can prolong QT by inhibiting potassium currents and increasing late sodium current (INa-L) in cardiomyocytes. We tested the extent to which IKr blockers with known QT liability generate arrhythmias through this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Acute exposure to dofetilide, an IKr blocker without other recognized electropharmacologic actions, produced no change in ion currents or action potentials in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, which lack IKr. By contrast, 2 to 48 hours of exposure to the drug generated arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations and ≥15-fold increases in INa-L. Including phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, a downstream effector for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, in the pipette inhibited these effects. INa-L was also increased, and inhibitable by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, with hours of dofetilide exposure in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with SCN5A, encoding sodium current. Cardiomyocytes from dofetilide-treated mice similarly demonstrated increased INa-L and afterdepolarizations. Other agents with variable IKr-blocking potencies and arrhythmia liability produced a range of effects on INa-L, from marked increases (E-4031, d-sotalol, thioridazine, and erythromycin) to little or no effect (haloperidol, moxifloxacin, and verapamil). CONCLUSIONS Some but not all drugs designated as arrhythmogenic IKr blockers can generate arrhythmias by augmenting INa-L through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. These data identify a potential mechanism for individual susceptibility to proarrhythmia and highlight the need for a new paradigm to screen drugs for QT prolonging and arrhythmogenic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Young Wook Chun
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dina M Stroud
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Charles Hong
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
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Watanabe T, Takemura G, Kanamori H, Goto K, Tsujimoto A, Okada H, Kawamura I, Ogino A, Takeyama T, Kawaguchi T, Morishita K, Ushikoshi H, Kawasaki M, Mikami A, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Minatoguchi S. Restriction of food intake prevents postinfarction heart failure by enhancing autophagy in the surviving cardiomyocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1384-94. [PMID: 24641899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of restriction of food intake, a potent inducer of autophagy, on postinfarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Myocardial infarction was induced in mice by left coronary artery ligation. At 1 week after infarction, mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group was fed ad libitum (100%); the food restriction (FR) groups were fed 80%, 60%, or 40% of the mean amount of food consumed by the control mice. After 2 weeks on the respective diets, left ventricular dilatation and hypofunction were apparent in the control group, but both parameters were significantly mitigated in the FR groups, with the 60% FR group showing the strongest therapeutic effect. Cardiomyocyte autophagy was strongly activated in the FR groups, as indicated by up-regulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, autophagosome formation, and myocardial ATP content. Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, completely canceled the therapeutic effect of FR. This negative effect was associated with reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and of ULK1 (a homolog of yeast Atg1), both of which were enhanced in hearts from the FR group. In vitro, the AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor compound C suppressed glucose depletion-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes, but did not influence activity of chloroquine. Our findings imply that a dietary protocol with FR could be a preventive strategy against postinfarction heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatomo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuko Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Itta Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogino
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takeyama
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morishita
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ushikoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mikami
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takako Fujiwara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sonoda Women's University, Amagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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44
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Halbach M, Baumgartner S, Sahito RGA, Krausgrill B, Maass M, Peinkofer G, Ladage D, Hescheler J, Müller-Ehmsen J. Cell persistence and electrical integration of transplanted fetal cardiomyocytes from different developmental stages. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171:e122-4. [PMID: 24439862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Baumgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Krausgrill
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Maass
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriel Peinkofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Ladage
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Müller-Ehmsen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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45
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Lu Z, Jiang YP, Wu CYC, Ballou LM, Liu S, Carpenter ES, Rosen MR, Cohen IS, Lin RZ. Increased persistent sodium current due to decreased PI3K signaling contributes to QT prolongation in the diabetic heart. Diabetes 2013; 62:4257-65. [PMID: 23974924 PMCID: PMC3837031 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia complications of acute coronary syndrome. Prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram is also a risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden death, and the increased prevalence of QT prolongation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in diabetic patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this lethal complication are poorly understood. Diabetes is associated with a reduction in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which regulates the action potential duration (APD) of individual myocytes and thus the QT interval by altering multiple ion currents, including the persistent sodium current INaP. Here, we report a mechanism for diabetes-induced QT prolongation that involves an increase in INaP caused by defective PI3K signaling. Cardiac myocytes of mice with type 1 or type 2 diabetes exhibited an increase in APD that was reversed by expression of constitutively active PI3K or intracellular infusion of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), the second messenger produced by PI3K. The diabetic myocytes also showed an increase in INaP that was reversed by activated PI3K or PIP3. The increases in APD and INaP in myocytes translated into QT interval prolongation for both types of diabetic mice. The long QT interval of type 1 diabetic hearts was shortened by insulin treatment ex vivo, and this effect was blocked by a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment of both types of diabetic mouse hearts with an INaP blocker also shortened the QT interval. These results indicate that downregulation of cardiac PI3K signaling in diabetes prolongs the QT interval at least in part by causing an increase in INaP. This mechanism may explain why the diabetic population has an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chia-Yen C. Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lisa M. Ballou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Eileen S. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Michael R. Rosen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ira S. Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Corresponding author: Ira S. Cohen, , or Richard Z. Lin,
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York
- Corresponding author: Ira S. Cohen, , or Richard Z. Lin,
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46
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Miklas JW, Nunes SS, Radisic M. Engineering Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Studies of Cell Maturation. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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47
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Halbach M, Peinkofer G, Baumgartner S, Maass M, Wiedey M, Neef K, Krausgrill B, Ladage D, Fatima A, Saric T, Hescheler J, Müller-Ehmsen J. Electrophysiological integration and action potential properties of transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:432-40. [PMID: 24042016 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCM) are regarded as promising cell type for cardiac cell replacement therapy. We investigated long-term electrophysiological integration and maturation of transplanted iPSCM, which are essential for therapeutic benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine iPSCM expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and a puromycin resistance under control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were purified by antibiotic selection and injected into adult mouse hearts. After 6-12 days, 3-6 weeks, or 6-8 months, viable slices of recipient hearts were prepared. Slices were focally stimulated by a unipolar electrode placed in host tissue, and intracellular action potentials (APs) were recorded with glass microelectrodes in transplanted cells and neighbouring host tissue within the slices. Persistence and electrical integration of transplanted iPSCM into recipient hearts could be demonstrated at all time points. Quality of coupling improved, as indicated by a maximal stimulation frequency without conduction blocks of 5.77 ± 0.54 Hz at 6-12 days, 8.98 ± 0.38 Hz at 3-6 weeks and 10.82 ± 1.07 Hz at 6-8 months after transplantation. AP properties of iPSCM became more mature from 6-12 days to 6-8 months after transplantation, but still differed significantly from those of host APs. CONCLUSION Transplanted iPSCM can persist in the long term and integrate electrically into host tissue, supporting their potential for cell replacement therapy. Quality of electrical integration improves between 6-12 days and 6-8 months after transplantation, and there are signs of an electrophysiological maturation. However, even after 6-8 months, AP properties of transplanted iPSCM differ from those of recipient cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Köln, Germany
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48
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Okubo C, Sano HI, Naito Y, Tomita M. Contribution of quantitative changes in individual ionic current systems to the embryonic development of ventricular myocytes: a simulation study. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:355-67. [PMID: 23760774 PMCID: PMC3751412 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic rodent ventricular cells exhibit spontaneous action potential (AP), which disappears in later developmental stages. Here, we used 3 mathematical models-the Kyoto, Ten Tusscher-Panfilov, and Luo-Rudy models-to present an overview of the functional landscape of developmental changes in embryonic ventricular cells. We switched the relative current densities of 9 ionic components in the Kyoto model, and 160 of 512 representative combinations were predicted to result in regular spontaneous APs, in which the quantitative changes in Na(+) current (I Na) and funny current (I f) made large contributions to a wide range of basic cycle lengths. In all three models, the increase in inward rectifier current (I K1) before the disappearance of I f was predicted to result in abnormally high intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. Thus, we demonstrated that the developmental changes in APs were well represented, as I Na increased before the disappearance of I f, followed by a 10-fold increase in I K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Okubo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
| | - Hitomi I. Sano
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Naito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan
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49
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Hui K, Feng ZP. Efficient experimental design and analysis of real-time PCR assays. Channels (Austin) 2013; 7:160-70. [PMID: 23510941 DOI: 10.4161/chan.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is currently the standard for gene quantification studies and has been extensively used in large-scale basic and clinical research. The operational costs and technical errors can become a significant issue due to the large number of sample reactions. In this paper, we present an experimental design strategy and an analysis procedure that are more efficient requiring fewer sample reactions than the traditional approach. We verified mathematically and experimentally the new design on a well-characterized model, to evaluate the gene expression levels of CACNA1C and CACNA1G in hypertrophic ventricular myocytes induced by phenylephrine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwokyin Hui
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Ritchie HE, Ababneh DH, Oakes DJ, Power CA, Webster WS. The teratogenic effect of dofetilide during rat limb development and association with drug-induced bradycardia and hypoxia in the embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 98:144-53. [PMID: 23504928 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dofetilide is an antiarrhythmic drug that blocks the cardiac repolarizing current IKr ((IKr, rapid component of the delayed rectifying potassium current). Previous studies have shown that (a) IKr is essential for normal cardiac function of the embryonic heart and (b) dofetilide is teratogenic in rodents. This study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which dofetilide causes limb defects on gestational day 13 (GD 13) in the rat. METHODS Rats were treated with dofetilide (single oral dose, 5 mg/kg) on GD 13 and embryonic heart rates assessed by ultrasound (Vevo770, VisualSonics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) 2 hr later. Fetuses were examined for malformations on GD 20. In a separate experiment, dofetilide treatment of GD 13 rats was followed 2, 4, 12, or 24 hr with iv dosing with the hypoxia marker, pimonidazole (60 mg/kg). Embryos were collected and heart rates were assessed in vitro and hypoxia in embryo limbs analyzed. RESULTS A teratogenic dose of dofetilide at a susceptible stage of development (GD 13) resulted in a period of bradycardia and arrhythmia of the embryonic heart and hypoxia in the developing limbs (GD 13) resulting in limb malformations (GD 20). CONCLUSIONS Drugs that induce periods of bradycardia and/or arrhythmia of the embryonic heart and cause the embryo to become hypoxic are potential human teratogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Ritchie
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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