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Hsieh CH, Chou CC, Fang YC, Hsu PH, Chiu YH, Yang CS, Jow GM, Tang CY, Jeng CJ. 14-3-3 proteins regulate cullin 7-mediated Eag1 degradation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 36717938 PMCID: PMC9885684 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the human gene encoding the neuron-specific Eag1 (KV10.1; KCNH1) potassium channel are linked to congenital neurodevelopmental diseases. Disease-causing mutant Eag1 channels manifest aberrant gating function and defective protein homeostasis. Both the E3 ubiquitin ligase cullin 7 (Cul7) and the small acid protein 14-3-3 serve as binding partners of Eag1. Cul7 mediates proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of Eag1 protein, whereas over-expression of 14-3-3 notably reduces Eag1 channel activity. It remains unclear whether 14-3-3 may also contribute to Eag1 protein homeostasis. RESULTS In human cell line and native rat neurons, disruptions of endogenous 14-3-3 function with the peptide inhibitor difopein or specific RNA interference up-regulated Eag1 protein level in a transcription-independent manner. Difopein hindered Eag1 protein ubiquitination at the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, effectively promoting the stability of both immature and mature Eag1 proteins. Suppression of endogenous 14-3-3 function also reduced excitotoxicity-associated Eag1 degradation in neurons. Difopein diminished Cul7-mediated Eag1 degradation, and Cul7 knock-down abolished the effect of difopein on Eag1. Inhibition of endogenous 14-3-3 function substantially perturbed the interaction of Eag1 with Cul7. Further structural analyses suggested that the intracellular Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain and cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain (CNBHD) of Eag1 are essential for the regulatory effect of 14-3-3 proteins. Significantly, suppression of endogenous 14-3-3 function reduced Cul7-mediated degradation of disease-associated Eag1 mutant proteins. CONCLUSION Overall these results highlight a chaperone-like role of endogenous 14-3-3 proteins in regulating Eag1 protein homeostasis, as well as a therapeutic potential of 14-3-3 modulators in correcting defective protein expression of disease-causing Eag1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Heng Hsieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- grid.36020.370000 0000 8889 3720National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Fang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Hsu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chiu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Yang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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LncRNA SNHG7 Knockdown Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Promotes Apoptosis in Hemorrhagic Shock Pregnant Rats by Modulating miR-34a-5p/YWHAG Axis. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:983-996. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Desikan SK, Mayorga-Carlin M, Dux MC, Gray VL, Anagnostakos J, Khan AA, Sikdar S, Barth D, Harper S, Sorkin JD, Lal BK. Lack of association between cognitive impairment and systemic inflammation in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg 2022; 75:1643-1650. [PMID: 34921963 PMCID: PMC10939009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis (ACAS) is associated with cognitive impairment. Systemic inflammation occurs in patients with systemic atherosclerosis and is also associated with cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to determine if cognitive impairment in patients with ACAS is the result of systemic inflammation. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 104 patients (63 patients with ACAS, 41 controls) with cognitive function and inflammatory biomarker assessments was performed. Venous blood was assayed for proinflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-6R, IL-8, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). The patients also underwent comprehensive cognitive testing to compute five domain-specific cognitive scores per patient. We first assessed the associations between carotid stenosis and cognitive function, and between carotid stenosis and systemic inflammation in separate regression models. We then determined whether cognitive impairments persisted in patients with carotid stenosis after accounting for inflammation by adjusting for inflammatory biomarker levels in a combined model. RESULTS Patients with ACAS and control patients differed in age, race, coronary artery disease prevalence, and education. Stenosis patients had worse cognitive scores in two domains: learning and memory (P = .05) and motor and processing speed (P = .002). Despite adjusting for inflammatory biomarker levels, patients with ACAS still demonstrated deficits in the domains of learning and memory and motor and processing speed. CONCLUSIONS Although systemic atherosclerosis-induced inflammation is a well-recognized cause for cognitive impairment, our data suggest that it is not the primary underlying mechanism behind cognitive impairments seen in ACAS. Cognitive impairments in learning and memory and motor and processing speed seen in patients with ACAS persist after adjusting for systemic inflammation. Thus, alternative mechanisms should be explored to account for the observed functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasijhaa K Desikan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Vascular Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Moira C Dux
- Neuropsychology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Vicki L Gray
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md
| | - John Anagnostakos
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Amir A Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va
| | | | - Dawn Barth
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Sophie Harper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - John D Sorkin
- Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Md; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Brajesh K Lal
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Vascular Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md.
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Xu B, Ji N, Meng P, Gu L, Li Y. Long non-coding RNA NORAD protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induced brain damage, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating miR-30a-5p/YWHAG. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9174-9188. [PMID: 34709972 PMCID: PMC8810080 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs are identified as critical regulators in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). In this current work, SH-SY5Y cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were applied to analyze the biological role of lncRNA NORAD and underlying molecular mechanism in CIRI in vitro. Levels of lncRNA NORAD, miR-30a-5p and YWHAG were measured using RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding sites of lncRNA NORAD to miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-5p to YWHAG. Luciferase reporter assay verified the binding relationships among lncRNA NORAD, miR-30a-5p and YWHAG. Additionally, cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining and western blot analysis. Moreover, the levels of ROS, MDA, LDH and SOD as well as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were assessed via application of the corresponding assay kits. Decreased cell viability and temporarily increased lncRNA NORAD level were observed in SH-SY5Y cells after OGD/R. It was demonstrated that lncRNA NORAD regulated YWHAG expression by sponging miR-30a-5p. Upregulation of lncRNA NORAD contributed to the enhancement of cell viability, the inhibition of cell apoptosis as well as the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation in OGD/R-injured SH-SY5Y cells, which were reversed upon elevation of miR-30a-5p. In contrast, downregulation of lncRNA NORAD reduced cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis as well as aggravated oxidative stress and inflammation under OGD/R challenge, and the functions of lncRNA NORAD knockdown in OGD/R injury were abolished by upregulation of YWHAG. Taken together, lncRNA NORAD exerted protective effects against OGD/R-induced neural injury by sponging miR-30a-5p to upregulate YWHAG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingchao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Niu Ji
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pin Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hur JW, Kim MS, Oh SY, Kang HY, Bae J, Kim H, Lee H, Lee SW, Park DH. Label-Free Quantitative Proteome Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid from a Rat Stroke Model with Stem Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211023474. [PMID: 34176333 PMCID: PMC8239959 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211023474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are capable of immunomodulation and regeneration after neural injury. For these reasons, hAMSCs have been investigated as a promising stem cell candidate for stroke treatment. However, noninvasive experiments studying the effects of grafted stem cells in the host brain have not yet been reported. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can be collected without sacrificing the subject, is involved in physiological control of the brain and reflects the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Following stem cell transplantation in a stroke model, quantitative analysis of CSF proteome changes can potentially reveal the therapeutic effect of stem cells on the host CNS. We examined hAMSC-secreted proteins obtained from serum-free culture medium by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which identified several extracellular matrix proteins, supporting the well-known active paracrine function of hAMSCs. Subsequently, we performed label-free quantitative proteomic analysis on CSF samples from rat stroke models intravenously injected with hAMSC (experimental) or phosphate buffered saline (control). In total, 524 proteins were identified; among them, 125 and 91 proteins were increased and decreased with hAMSC treatment, respectively. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed three proteins, 14-3-3 theta, MAG, and neurocan, that showed significant increases in the hAMSC-treated model; these proteins are core members of neurotrophin signaling, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling, and glycosaminoglycan metabolism, respectively. Subsequent histological and neurologic function experiments validated proliferative neurogenesis in the hAMSC-treated stroke model. We conclude that (i) intravenous injection of hAMSCs can induce neurologic recovery in a rat stroke model and (ii) CSF may reflect the therapeutic effect of hAMSCs. Additionally, proteins as 14-3-3 theta, MAG, and neurocan could be considered as potential CSF biomarkers of neuroregeneration. These CSF proteome profiling results would be utilized as valuable resource in further stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok W Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, 235496DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteogenome Research, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jingi Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteogenome Research, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hokeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteogenome Research, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hangyeore Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteogenome Research, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteogenome Research, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, 36899Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center of Innovative Cell Therapy and Research, Anam Hospital, 36899Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Xu JJ, Guo S, Xue R, Xiao L, Kou JN, Liu YQ, Han JY, Fu JJ, Wei N. Adalimumab ameliorates memory impairments and neuroinflammation in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14001-14014. [PMID: 34030135 PMCID: PMC8202885 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia worldwide. Although there are five FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), none of them have been applied to treat VaD. Adalimumab is a TNF-α inhibitor that is used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In a recent retrospective case-control study, the application of adalimumab for rheumatoid or psoriasis was shown to decrease the risk of AD. However, whether adalimumab can be used for the treatment of VaD is not clear. In this study, we used 2VO surgery to generate a VaD rat model and treated the rats with adalimumab or vehicle. We demonstrated that VaD rats treated with adalimumab exhibited significant improvements in memory. In addition, adalimumab treatment significantly alleviated neuronal loss in the hippocampi of VaD rats. Moreover, adalimumab significantly reduced microglial activation and reversed M1/M2 polarization in VaD rats. Furthermore, adalimumab treatment suppressed the activity of NF-κB, an important neuroinflammatory transcription factor. Finally, adalimumab displayed a protective role against oxidative stress in VaD rats. Our results indicate that adalimumab may be applied for the treatment of human patients with VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People’s Republic of China
- Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Na Kou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Han
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
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Revascularization for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis improves balance and mobility. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:1272-1280. [PMID: 34019991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Balance and mobility function worsen with age, more so for those with underlying chronic diseases. We recently found that asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) restricts blood flow to the brain and might also contribute to balance and mobility impairment. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ACAS is a modifiable risk factor for balance and mobility impairment. Our goal was to assess the effect of restoring blood flow to the brain by carotid revascularization on the balance and mobility of patients with high-grade ACAS (≥70% diameter-reducing stenosis). METHODS Twenty adults (age, 67.0 ± 9.4 years) undergoing carotid endarterectomy for high-grade stenosis were enrolled. Balance and mobility assessments were performed before and 6 weeks after revascularization. These included the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Berg Balance Scale, the Four Square Step Test, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), and the Walking While Talking complex test. RESULTS Consistent with our previous findings, patients demonstrated reduced scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery, Berg Balance Scale, DGI, and Timed Up and Go test and in gait speed. Depending on the outcome measure, 25% to 90% of the patients had scored in the impaired range at baseline. After surgery, significant improvements were observed in the outcome measures that combined walking with dynamic movements, including the DGI (P = .02) and Mini-BESTest (P = .002). The proportion of patients with Mini-BESTest scores indicating a high fall risk had decreased significantly from 90% (n = 18) at baseline to 40% (n = 8) after surgery (P = .02). We used Pearson's correlations to examine the relationship between balance and mobility before surgery and the change after surgery. Patients with lower baseline DGI and Mini-BESTest scores demonstrated the most improvement after surgery (r = -0.59, P = .006; and r = -0.70, P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Carotid revascularization improved patients' balance and mobility, especially for measures that combine walking and dynamic movements. The greatest improvements were observed for the patients who had been most impaired at baseline.
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Blasco A, Gras S, Mòdol-Caballero G, Tarabal O, Casanovas A, Piedrafita L, Barranco A, Das T, Pereira SL, Navarro X, Rueda R, Esquerda JE, Calderó J. Motoneuron deafferentation and gliosis occur in association with neuromuscular regressive changes during ageing in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1628-1660. [PMID: 32691534 PMCID: PMC7749545 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular mechanisms underlying the age-associated loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) are poorly understood, hampering the development of effective treatment strategies. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of age-related pathophysiological changes in the mouse neuromuscular system. METHODS Young, adult, middle-aged, and old (1, 4, 14, and 24-30 months old, respectively) C57BL/6J mice were used. Motor behavioural and electrophysiological tests and histological and immunocytochemical procedures were carried out to simultaneously analyse structural, molecular, and functional age-related changes in distinct cellular components of the neuromuscular system. RESULTS Ageing was not accompanied by a significant loss of spinal motoneurons (MNs), although a proportion (~15%) of them in old mice exhibited an abnormally dark appearance. Dark MNs were also observed in adult (~9%) and young (~4%) animals, suggesting that during ageing, some MNs undergo early deleterious changes, which may not lead to MN death. Old MNs were depleted of cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs (~40% and ~45%, respectively, P < 0.01), suggestive of age-associated alterations in MN excitability. Prominent microgliosis and astrogliosis [~93% (P < 0.001) and ~100% (P < 0.0001) increase vs. adults, respectively] were found in old spinal cords, with increased density of pro-inflammatory M1 microglia and A1 astroglia (25-fold and 4-fold increase, respectively, P < 0.0001). Ageing resulted in significant reductions in the nerve conduction velocity and the compound muscle action potential amplitude (~30%, P < 0.05, vs. adults) in old distal plantar muscles. Compared with adult muscles, old muscles exhibited significantly higher numbers of both denervated and polyinnervated neuromuscular junctions, changes in fibre type composition, higher proportion of fibres showing central nuclei and lipofuscin aggregates, depletion of satellite cells, and augmented expression of different molecules related to development, plasticity, and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions, including calcitonin gene-related peptide, growth associated protein 43, agrin, fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1, and transforming growth factor-β1. Overall, these alterations occurred at varying degrees in all the muscles analysed, with no correlation between the age-related changes observed and myofiber type composition or muscle topography. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a global view of age-associated neuromuscular changes in a mouse model of ageing and help to advance understanding of contributing pathways leading to development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Blasco
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sílvia Gras
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Xavier Navarro
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep E Esquerda
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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Acupuncture attenuates cognitive deficits through α7nAChR mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Life Sci 2020; 266:118732. [PMID: 33160996 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) elicits inflammatory response, which contributes to the pathology of cognitive impairment. Several studies demonstrate that the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) can be a key component to modulate the inflammatory responses. We have reported previously that acupuncture attenuated cognitive deficits induced by CCH. In present study, whether effect of acupuncture was related to α7nAChR mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in CCH rats was further explored. MAIN METHODS Acupuncture was performed in CCH rats induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion. Neuronal injury, the activation of microglia, the release of inflammatory cytokines, the expression of α7nAChR, and the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways were detected. Cognitive function and central inflammation were evaluated after the intraperitoneal injection of an α7nAChR agonist PNU282987, or intracerebroventricular injection of an α7nAChR antagonist α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). KEY FINDINGS We found that there were neuronal damage and inflammation, accompanied with the decreased expressions of α7nAChR in the hippocampus under CCH condition. Acupuncture inhibited neuronal damage, activation of microglia, and inflammatory cytokines. The expressions of α7nAChR, together with its downstream JAK2/STAT3 pathways were up regulated by acupuncture. PNU282987 mimicked the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as the cognitive improvements of acupuncture. Meanwhile, the benefit effects of acupuncture above were blocked by α-BGT. SIGNIFICANCE It was demonstrated that acupuncture promoted cognitive function and afforded neuroprotective effects against inflammation via activation of α7nAChR and its downstream JAK2-STAT3 pathway in CCH rats. It provides a new insight for acupuncture as an anti-inflammatory intervention for cognitive impairment.
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Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are mostly expressed in the brain and are closely involved in numerous brain functions and various brain disorders. Among the isotypes of the 14-3-3 proteins, 14-3-3γ is mainly expressed in neurons and is highly produced during brain development, which could indicate that it has a significance in neural development. Furthermore, the distinctive levels of temporally and locally regulated 14-3-3γ expression in various brain disorders suggest that it could play a substantial role in brain plasticity of the diseased states. In this review, we introduce the various brain disorders reported to be involved with 14-3-3γ, and summarize the changes of 14-3-3γ expression in each brain disease. We also discuss the potential of 14-3-3γ for treatment and the importance of research on specific 14-3-3 isotypes for an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
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11
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Chen X, Chen H, He Y, Fu S, Liu H, Wang Q, Shen J. Proteomics-Guided Study on Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Its Neuroprotective and Neurogenic Mechanisms for Transient Ischemic Stroke: Involvements of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/Bad/14-3-3 and Jak2/Stat3/Cyclin D1 Signaling Cascades. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4305-4321. [PMID: 32700252 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for recovering neurological dysfunctions and treating post-stroke disability in China for 200 years. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BHD on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurite formation and enhancing learning and memory functional recovery in an experimental rat ischemic stroke model. BHD significantly reduced infarct volume and decreased cell apoptosis in the ischemic brain. BHD enhanced neuronal cell viability in vitro. BHD dose-dependently promoted the proliferation of NSCs in ischemic rat brains in vivo. Moreover, BHD promoted neuronal and astrocyte differentiation in primary cultured NSCs in vitro. Water maze test revealed that BHD promoted the recovery of learning function but not memory functions in the transient ischemic rats. We then investigated the changes of the cellular signaling molecules by using two-dimension (2D) gel electrophoresis and focused on the PI3K/Akt/Bad and Jak2/Stat3/cyclin D1signaling pathway to uncover its underlying mechanisms for its neuroprotective and neurogenetic effects. BHD significantly upregulated the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-Bad as well as the expression of p-Jak, p-Stat3, and cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BHD upregulated Hes1 and downregulated cav-1 in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that BHD has neuroprotective effects and neurogenesis-promoting effects via activating PI3K/Akt/Bad and Jak2/Stat3/Cyclin D1 signaling pathways. Graphical Abstract Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) activates the PI3K-AKT-BAD pathway in the ischemic brain for neuroprotection. BHD also activates JAK2/STAT3/Cyclin D1 signaling cascades for promoting neurogenesis in the hippocampus of post-ischemic brains. Moreover, BHD inhibits the expression of caveolin-1 and increases the expression of HES1 for promoting neuronal differentiation. The neuroprotective and neurogenesis-promoting effects in the hippocampus of post-ischemic brains promote learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yachong He
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuping Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haosheng Liu
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Gu Q, Cuevas E, Raymick J, Kanungo J, Sarkar S. Downregulation of 14-3-3 Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:32-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Depletion of microglia ameliorates white matter injury and cognitive impairment in a mouse chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1040-1044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Khalesi N, Bandehpour M, Bigdeli MR, Niknejad H, Dabbagh A, Kazemi B. 14-3-3ζ protein protects against brain ischemia/reperfusion injury and induces BDNF transcription after MCAO in rat. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:99-106. [PMID: 34907731 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide that occurs when blood supply of the brain is disrupted. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protective factor in neurodegenerative conditions. Nevertheless, there are some problems when exogenous BDNF is to be used in the clinic. 14-3-3ζ is a pro-survival highly-expressed protein in the brain that protects neurons against death. This study evaluates 14-3-3ζ effects on BDNF transcription at early time point after ischemia and its possible protective effects against ischemia damage. Human 14-3-3ζ protein was purified after expression. Rats were assigned into four groups, including sham, ischemia, and two treatment groups. Stereotaxic cannula implantation was carried out in the right cerebral ventricle. After one week, rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and received 14-3-3ζ (produced in our laboratory or standard form as control) in the middle of ischemia time. At 6 h of reperfusion after ischemia, brain parts containing the hippocampus, the cortex, the piriform cortex-amygdala and the striatum were collected for real time PCR analysis. At 24 h of reperfusion after ischemia, neurological function evaluation and infarction volume measurement were performed. The present study showed that 14-3-3ζ could up-regulate BDNF mRNA at early time point after ischemia in the hippocampus, in the cortex and in the piriform cortex-amygdala and could also improve neurological outcome and reduce infarct volume. It seems that 14-3-3ζ could be a candidate factor for increasing endogenous BDNF in the brain and a potential therapeutic factor against brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeemeh Khalesi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Biotechnology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid Beheshti University, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dabbagh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Anesthesiology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Biotechnology Department, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Smani D, Sarkar S, Raymick J, Kanungo J, Paule MG, Gu Q. Downregulation of 14-3-3 Proteins in a Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:122-129. [PMID: 28840498 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are among the most abundant proteins expressed in the brain, comprising about 1% of the total amount of soluble brain proteins. Through phosphoserine- and phosphothreonine-binding motifs, 14-3-3 proteins regulate many signaling proteins and cellular processes including cell death. In the present study, we utilized a well-known kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity rat model and examined the expression of 14-3-3 and its isoforms in the frontal cortex of KA-treated and control animals. Among the different 14-3-3 isoforms, abundant levels of eta and tau were detected in the frontal cortex, followed by sigma, epsilon, and gamma, while the expression levels of alpha/beta and zeta/delta isoforms were low. Compared to the control animals, KA treatment induced a significant downregulation of the overall 14-3-3 protein level as well as the levels of the abundant isoforms eta, tau, epsilon, and gamma. We also investigated two 14-3-3-interacting proteins that are involved in the cell death process: Bcl-2-associated X (BAX) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Both BAX and phosphorylated ERK showed increased levels following KA treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate an abundance of several 14-3-3 isoforms in the frontal cortex and that KA treatment can cause a downregulation of 14-3-3 expression and an upregulation of 14-3-3-interacting proteins BAX and phospho-ERK. Thus, downregulation of 14-3-3 proteins could be one of the early molecular events associated with excitotoxicity. This could lead to subsequent upregulation of 14-3-3-binding proteins such as BAX and phospho-ERK that contribute to further downstream apoptosis processes, eventually leading to cell death. Maintaining sufficient levels of 14-3-3 expression and function may become a target of therapeutic intervention for excitotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Smani
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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16
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Pathophysiological Role of TRPM2 in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 408:204-213. [PMID: 30999030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes various functional changes, including cognitive impairment and inflammatory responses in the brain. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable channel expressed abundantly in immune cells, exacerbates inflammatory responses. Previously, we reported that TRPM2 on resident microglia plays a critical role in exacerbating inflammation, white matter injury, and cognitive impairment during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; however, the physiological or pathophysiological role of TRPM2 during age-associated inflammatory responses remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of TRPM2 deletion in young (2-3 months) and older (12-24 months) mice. Compared with young wild-type (WT) mice, middle-aged (12-16 months) WT mice showed working and cognitive memory dysfunction and aged (20-24 months) WT mice exhibited impaired spatial memory. However, these characteristics were not seen in TRPM2 knockout (TRPM2-KO) mice. Consistent with the finding of cognitive impairment, aged WT mice exhibited white matter injury and hippocampal damage and an increase in the number of Iba1-positive cells and amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain; these characteristics were not seen in TRPM2-KO mice. These findings suggest that TRPM2 plays a critical role in exacerbating inflammatory responses and cognitive dysfunction during aging.
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17
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Wei W, Chen X, Lin X, Shan F, Lin S, Shen Q, Zhang L. Serum PPARγ level and PPARγ gene polymorphism as well as severity and prognosis of brain injury in patients with arteriosclotic cerebral infarction. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4058-4062. [PMID: 30344683 PMCID: PMC6176134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the serum peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) level and PPARγ gene polymorphism as well as the severity and prognosis of brain injury in patients with arteriosclotic cerebral infarction (ACI). A total of 246 ACI patients presenting at the Department of Neurology of Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou between April 2009 and July 2015 were selected as the case group, and 382 control subjects were enrolled as the control group. The hepatic and renal functions and homocysteine (Hcy) expression levels were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the serum PPARγ levels of the ACI patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was applied to measure the PPARγ gene polymorphism. The proportions of hypertension patients, diabetes patients and smoking people in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of cholesterol and fasting blood glucose in the case group were elevated obviously compared with those in the control group. The levels of indexes related to the hepatic function and renal function in the case group were remarkably higher than those in the control group. The serum PPARγ levels were increased progressively at acute stage. The distribution frequencies of PPARγ genotypes CC, CT and TT in the case group were higher than those in the control group; compared with that in the control group, the proportion of C allele in the case group was raised obviously, while that of T allele was significantly decreased. The serum PPARγ level has a close correlation with the PPARγ gene polymorphism in ACI patients, and PPARγ is also remarkably related to the severity of brain injury; therefore, PPARγ has great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, P.R. China
| | - Xuwen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Neurology, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, P.R. China
| | - Fulan Shan
- Department of Neurology, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, P.R. China
| | - Shaopeng Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Li Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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18
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TRPM2 Channel Aggravates CNS Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment via Activation of Microglia in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3520-3533. [PMID: 29507145 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2451-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a characteristic seen in widespread CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment. Recently, several studies demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce the excessive inflammatory responses that precede neuronal dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism of cognitive impairment due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable channel that is abundantly expressed in immune cells and is involved in aggravation of inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological role of TRPM2 in a mouse chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). When male mice were subjected to BCAS, cognitive dysfunction and white matter injury at day 28 were significantly improved in TRPM2 knock-out (TRPM2-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas hippocampal damage was not observed. There were no differences in blood-brain barrier breakdown and H2O2 production between the two genotypes at 14 and 28 d after BCAS. Cytokine production was significantly suppressed in BCAS-operated TRPM2-KO mice compared with WT mice at day 28. In addition, the number of Iba1-positive cells gradually decreased from day 14. Moreover, daily treatment with minocycline significantly improved cognitive perturbation. Surgical techniques using bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that activated Iba1-positive cells in white matter could be brain-resident microglia, not peripheral macrophages. Together, these findings suggest that microglia contribute to the aggravation of cognitive impairment by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and that TRPM2 may be a potential target for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is manifested in a wide variety of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms require clarification. Here, we used a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model to investigate whether TRPM2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel highly expressed in immune cells, plays a destructive role in the development of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive impairment, and propose a new hypothesis in which TRPM2-mediated activation of microglia, not macrophages, specifically contributes to the pathology through the aggravation of inflammatory responses. These findings shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related inflammation, and are expected to provide a novel therapeutic molecule for cognitive impairment in CNS diseases.
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19
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Ryoo K, Park JY. Two-pore Domain Potassium Channels in Astrocytes. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:222-232. [PMID: 27790056 PMCID: PMC5081468 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.5.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels have a distinct structure and channel properties, and are involved in a background K+ current. The 15 members of the K2P channels are identified and classified into six subfamilies on the basis of their sequence similarities. The activity of the channels is dynamically regulated by various physical, chemical, and biological effectors. The channels are expressed in a wide variety of tissues in mammals in an isoform specific manner, and play various roles in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. To function as channels, the K2P channels form dimers, and some isoforms form heterodimers that provide diversity in channel properties. In the brain, TWIK1, TREK1, TREK2, TRAAK, TASK1, and TASK3 are predominantly expressed in various regions, including the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, CA1-CA3, and granular layer of the cerebellum. TWIK1, TREK1, and TASK1 are highly expressed in astrocytes, where they play specific cellular roles. Astrocytes keep leak K+ conductance, called the passive conductance, which mainly involves TWIK1-TREK1 heterodimeric channel. TWIK1 and TREK1 also mediate glutamate release from astrocytes in an exocytosis-independent manner. The expression of TREK1 and TREK2 in astrocytes increases under ischemic conditions, that enhance neuroprotection from ischemia. Accumulated evidence has indicated that astrocytes, together with neurons, are involved in brain function, with the K2P channels playing critical role in these astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyun Ryoo
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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20
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Simats A, García-Berrocoso T, Montaner J. Neuroinflammatory biomarkers: From stroke diagnosis and prognosis to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:411-24. [PMID: 26524637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and one of the largest causes of permanent disability worldwide. Therapeutic options to fight stroke are still limited and the only approved drug is tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Post-stroke inflammation is well known to contribute to the expansion of the ischemic lesion, whereas its resolution stimulates tissue repair and neuroregeneration processes. As inflammation highly influences susceptibility of stroke patients to overcome the disease, there is an increasing need to develop new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies for post-stroke inflammation. This review provides a brief overview of the contribution of the inflammatory mechanisms to the pathophysiology of stroke. It specially focuses on the role of inflammatory biomarkers to help predicting stroke patients' outcome since some of those biomarkers might turn out to be targets to be therapeutically altered overcoming the urgent need for the identification of potent drugs to modulate stroke-associated inflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Pang Y, Chai CR, Gao K, Jia XH, Kong JG, Chen XQ, Vatcher G, Chen JG, Yu ACH. Ischemia preconditioning protects astrocytes from ischemic injury through 14-3-3γ. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1507-18. [PMID: 25711139 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and new strategies are required to reduce neuronal injury and improve prognosis. Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon that protects cells from subsequent ischemic injury and might provide promising mechanisms for clinical treatment. In this study, primary astrocytes exhibited significantly less cell death than control when exposed to different durations of IPC (15, 30, 60, or 120 min). A 15-min duration was the most effective IPC to protect astrocytes from 8-hr-ischemia injury. The protective mechanisms of IPC involve the upregulation of protective proteins, including 14-3-3γ, and attenuation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ATP depletion. 14-3-3γ is an antiapoptotic intracellular protein that was significantly upregulated for up to 84 hr after IPC. In addition, IPC promoted activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/2, p38, and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. When JNK was specifically inhibited with SP600125, the upregulation of 14-3-3γ induced by IPC was almost completely abolished; however, there was no effect on ATP or MDA levels. This suggests that, even though both energy preservation and 14-3-3γ up-regulation were turned on by IPC, they were controlled by different pathways. The ERK1/2, p38, and Akt signaling pathways were not involved in the 14-3-3γ upregulation and energy preservation. These results indicate that IPC could protect astrocytes from ischemia injury by inducing 14-3-3γ and by alleviating energy depletion through different pathways, suggesting multiple protection of IPC and providing new insights into potential stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Rui Chai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Hua Jia
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ge Kong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Greg Vatcher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Seo M, Kim JH, Cho YE, Baek MC, Suk K. Hypothermic regulation of astrocyte proteome profile in experimental stroke. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3835-48. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- Department of Pharmacology; Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu; Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu; Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Cell & Matrix Biology Research Institute; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu; Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Cell & Matrix Biology Research Institute; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu; Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology; Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu; Korea
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Bailey EL, Smith C, Sudlow CLM, Wardlaw JM. Pathology of lacunar ischemic stroke in humans--a systematic review. Brain Pathol 2012; 22:583-91. [PMID: 22329603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five percent of ischemic strokes are lacunar in type, but the cause remains unclear. Pathological descriptions of lacunar lesions are available but have not been systematically assessed. We therefore systematically summarized studies describing lacunar lesions by extracting data on the number of patients and lesions, clinical details, pathological methods, brain regions and/or vessels examined, and both parenchymal and vascular findings. Among 39 papers describing >4000 lesions (>50% from one study), 15 papers examined patients with a clinical lacunar syndrome. Terminology varied, many studies only reported macroscopic pathology and many lesions were cavitated (ie, old). Aside from symptomatic lesions occurring more often in the internal capsule or caudate nucleus, we found no other differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Perivascular edema and thickening, inflammation and disintegration of the arteriolar wall were common, whereas vessel occlusion was rare. The causal mechanisms of lacunar stroke remain poorly defined because of methodological inconsistencies and challenges. Standardised pathological definitions based on well-characterized post-mortem derived material supported by detailed clinical and imaging data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bailey
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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14-3-3 proteins in neurodegeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:696-704. [PMID: 21920445 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the first reported functions of 14-3-3 proteins was the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity suggesting a possible involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in Parkinson's disease. Since then the relevance of 14-3-3 proteins in the pathogenesis of chronic as well as acute neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, polyglutamine diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke has been recognized. The reported function of 14-3-3 proteins in this context are as diverse as the mechanism involved in neurodegeneration, reaching from basal cellular processes like apoptosis, over involvement in features common to many neurodegenerative diseases, like protein stabilization and aggregation, to very specific processes responsible for the selective vulnerability of cellular populations in single neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review what is currently known of the function of 14-3-3 proteins in nervous tissue focussing on the properties of 14-3-3 proteins important in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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Juma WM, Lira A, Marzuk A, Marzuk Z, Hakim AM, Thompson CS. C-reactive protein expression in a rodent model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2011; 1414:85-93. [PMID: 21840509 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WML) are a clinically significant, common feature of the aging brain and have been associated with cognitive decline and depression. They are a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, which is associated with the progression of vascular dementia. Recent research has been focused on identifying biomarkers which may have a correlation with WML. Previous population based studies have indicated a relation between the serum level of the acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), and WML. However no previous studies have demonstrated its expression and relation to WML in brain tissue itself. Here we use the rodent model of permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) to assess CRP expression during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Our results show that CRP is up-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels in brain tissue from BCCAL animals. The expression of CRP mRNA was upregulated on day 3 following surgery. Because previous studies, as well as the present study, have shown that microglial activity is prominent after the third day of CCH, we sought to determine the role of microglia in CRP expression. Results indicate that cultured microglia express mRNA and protein for CRP and this expression is increased when cells are treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or a combination of the two.. This finding could indicate a possible role for CRP in the progression of small vessel disease in the brain and provide a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa M Juma
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
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26
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Marti J, Lachaud S, Rocher F, Drici MD. [Partial seizure during treatment with interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis C virus]. Therapie 2011. [PMID: 23189339 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2011016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A proteomic analysis of PKCε targets in astrocytes: implications for astrogliosis. Amino Acids 2010; 40:641-51. [PMID: 20640460 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play key roles in brain physiology, controlling processes, such as neurogenesis, brain energy metabolism and synaptic transmission. Recently, immune functions have also been demonstrated in astrocytes, influencing neuronal survival in the course of neuroinflammatory pathologies. In this regard, PKCepsilon (PKCε) is a protein kinase with an outstanding role in inflammation. Our previous findings indicating that PKCε regulates voltage-dependent calcium channels as well as morphological stellation imply that this kinase controls multiple signalling pathways within astrocytes, including those implicated in activation of immune functions. The present study applies proteomics to investigate new protein targets of PKCε in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures infected with an adenovirus that expresses constitutively active PKCε were compared with infection controls. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis clearly detected 549 spots in cultured astrocytes, and analysis of differential protein expression revealed 18 spots regulated by PKCε. Protein identification by mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) showed that PKCε targets molecules with heterogeneous functions, including chaperones, cytoskeletal components and proteins implicated in metabolism and signalling. These results support the notion that PKCε is involved in astrocyte activation; also suggesting that multiple astrocyte-dependent processes are regulated by PKCε, including those associated to neuroinflammation.
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Dong Y, Zhao R, Chen XQ, Yu ACH. 14-3-3γ and Neuroglobin are New Intrinsic Protective Factors for Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 41:218-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Dong Y, Liu HD, Zhao R, Yang CZ, Chen XQ, Wang XH, Lau LT, Chen J, Yu ACH. Ischemia activates JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway to up-regulate 14-3-3γ in astrocyte. J Neurochem 2009; 109 Suppl 1:182-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Wu JS, Cheung WM, Tsai YS, Chen YT, Fong WH, Tsai HD, Chen YC, Liou JY, Shyue SK, Chen JJ, Chen YE, Maeda N, Wu KK, Lin TN. Ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma protects against ischemic cerebral infarction and neuronal apoptosis by 14-3-3 epsilon upregulation. Circulation 2009; 119:1124-34. [PMID: 19221220 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.812537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinediones have been reported to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Their protective actions are considered to be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)-dependent; however, it is unclear how PPAR-gamma activation confers resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the effects of rosiglitazone or PPAR-gamma overexpression on cerebral infarction in a rat model and investigated the antiapoptotic actions in the N2-A neuroblastoma cell model. Rosiglitazone or PPAR-gamma overexpression significantly reduced infarct volume. The protective effect was abrogated by PPAR-gamma small interfering RNA. In mice with knock-in of a PPAR-gamma dominant-negative mutant, infarct volume was enhanced. Proteomic analysis revealed that brain 14-3-3epsilon was highly upregulated in rats treated with rosiglitazone. Upregulation of 14-3-3epsilon was abrogated by PPAR-gamma small interfering RNA or antagonist. Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that rosiglitazone induced PPAR-gamma binding to specific regulatory elements on the 14-3-3epsilon promoter and thereby increased 14-3-3epsilon transcription. 14-3-3epsilon Small interfering RNA abrogated the antiapoptotic actions of rosiglitazone or PPAR-gamma overexpression, whereas 14-3-3epsilon recombinant proteins rescued brain tissues and N2-A cells from ischemia-induced damage and apoptosis. Elevated 14-3-3epsilon enhanced binding of phosphorylated Bad and protected mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Ligand-activated PPAR-gamma confers resistance to neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarction by driving 14-3-3epsilon transcription. 14-3-3epsilon Upregulation enhances sequestration of phosphorylated Bad and thereby suppresses apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Minagar A, Steven Alexander J, Kelley RE, Harper M, Jennings MH. Proteomic Analysis of Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells Activated by Glutamate/MK-801: Significance in Ischemic Stroke Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 38:182-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Umahara T, Uchihara T, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura A, Iwamoto T. Intranuclear localization and isoform-dependent translocation of 14-3-3 proteins in human brain with infarction. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260:159-66. [PMID: 17561120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunolocalization of 14-3-3 proteins in human brains with infarction was investigated using isoform-specific antibodies. Neurons around acute or subacute ischemic foci exhibited an enhanced immunoreactivity for 14-3-3 proteins either in the cytoplasm (especially for its sigma isoform) or in the nucleus (especially for its beta isoform), and sometimes in both. 14-3-3-like immunoreactivity was evaluated in each neuron, which enabled us to identify into three patterns: intense cytoplasmic staining with or without nuclear staining; a predominant nuclear staining with weak cytoplasmic staining; and an exclusive nuclear staining without cytoplamic staining. Quantification of 1500 neurons in relation to the severity of ischemia estimated by the relative distance from ischemic foci clarified that nuclear immunoreactivity for 14-3-3 proteins was more frequent in neurons near the ischemic core. Although the cytoplasm of astrocytes was similarly positive for the sigma and the epsilon isoform, their nuclei were only immunopositive for the gamma isoform. In the cerebral white matter with ischemia, axonal swelling and some nuclei of oligodendrocytes were positive for the zeta isoform. Isoform-specific translocation of 14-3-3 proteins into nuclei is a cellular reaction to ischemic stress that may be related to survival of neurons and their protection against cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Umahara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Sihlbom C, Wilhelmsson U, Li L, Nilsson CL, Pekny M. 14-3-3 Expression in Denervated Hippocampus after Entorhinal Cortex Lesion Assessed by Culture-Derived Isotope Tags in Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:3491-500. [PMID: 17663576 DOI: 10.1021/pr070108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of astrocytes accompanies many brain pathologies. Reactive astrocytes have a beneficial role in acute neurotrauma but later on might inhibit regeneration. 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were applied to study the proteome difference in denervated hippocampus in wildtype mice and mice lacking intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (GFAP-/-Vim-/-) that show attenuated reactive gliosis and enhanced posttraumatic regeneration. Proteomic data and immunohistochemical analyses showed upregulation of the adapter protein 14-3-3 four days postlesion and suggested that 14-3-3 upregulation after injury is triggered by reactive gliosis. Culture-derived isotope tags (CDIT) and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 14-3-3 epsilon was the major isoform upregulated in denervated hippocampus and that its upregulation was attenuated in GFAP-/-Vim-/- mice and thus most likely connected to reactive gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sihlbom
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (CBR), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Hiraoka Y, Ohno M, Yoshida K, Okawa K, Tomimoto H, Kita T, Nishi E. Enhancement of alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by a metalloendopeptidase nardilysin. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1595-1605. [PMID: 17555553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, the principal component of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, is derived from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. Alternative cleavage of APP by alpha-secretase occurs within the Abeta domain and precludes generation of Abeta peptide. Three members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of proteases, ADAM9, 10 and 17, are the main candidates for alpha-secretases. However, the mechanism that regulates alpha-secretase activity remains unclear. We have recently demonstrated that nardilysin (EC 3.4.24.61, N-arginine dibasic convertase; NRDc) enhances ectodomain shedding of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor through activation of ADAM17. In this study, we show that NRDc enhances the alpha-secretase activity of ADAMs, which results in a decrease in the amount of Abeta generated. When expressed with ADAMs in cells, NRDc dramatically increased the secretion of alpha-secretase-cleaved soluble APP and reduced the amount of Abeta peptide generated. A peptide cleavage assay in vitro also showed that recombinant NRDc enhances ADAM17-induced cleavage of the peptide substrate corresponding to the alpha-secretase cleavage site of APP. A reduction of endogenous NRDc by RNA interference was accompanied by a decrease in the cleavage by alpha-secretase of APP and increase in the amount of Abeta generated. Notably, NRDc is clearly expressed in cortical neurons in human brain. Our results indicate that NRDc is involved in the metabolism of APP through regulation of the alpha-secretase activity of ADAMs, which may be a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Hiraoka
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Okawa
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kita
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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