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Bolan F, Dickie BR, Cook JR, Thomas JM, Pinteaux E, Allan SM, Saiani A, Lawrence CB. Intracerebral Administration of a Novel Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Is Safe and Supports Cell Proliferation in Experimental Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:986-1004. [PMID: 37853252 PMCID: PMC11364698 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke, but current treatment options are limited, meaning ICH survivors are often left with life-changing disabilities. The significant unmet clinical need and socioeconomic burden of ICH mean novel regenerative medicine approaches are gaining interest. To facilitate the regeneration of the ICH lesion, injectable biomimetic hydrogels are proposed as both scaffolds for endogenous repair and delivery platforms for pro-regenerative therapies. In this paper, the objective was to explore whether injection of a novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) Alpha2 was feasible, safe and could stimulate brain tissue regeneration, in a collagenase-induced ICH model in rats. Alpha2 was administered intracerebrally at 7 days post ICH and functional outcome measures, histological markers of damage and repair and RNA-sequencing were investigated for up to 8 weeks. The hydrogel Alpha2 was safe, well-tolerated and was retained in the lesion for several weeks, where it allowed infiltration of host cells. The hydrogel had a largely neutral effect on functional outcomes and expression of angiogenic and neurogenic markers but led to increased numbers of proliferating cells. RNAseq and pathway analysis showed that ICH altered genes related to inflammatory and phagocytic pathways, and these changes were also observed after administration of hydrogel. Overall, the results show that the novel hydrogel was safe when injected intracerebrally and had no negative effects on functional outcomes but increased cell proliferation. To elicit a regenerative effect, future studies could use a functionalised hydrogel or combine it with an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Bolan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - James R Cook
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Josephine M Thomas
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Lee NT, Savvidou I, Selan C, Calvello I, Vuong A, Wright DK, Brkljaca R, Willcox A, Chia JSJ, Wang X, Peter K, Robson SC, Medcalf RL, Nandurkar HH, Sashindranath M. Development of endothelial-targeted CD39 as a therapy for ischemic stroke. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2331-2344. [PMID: 38754782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is characterized by a necrotic lesion in the brain surrounded by an area of dying cells termed the penumbra. Salvaging the penumbra either with thrombolysis or mechanical retrieval is the cornerstone of stroke management. At-risk neuronal cells release extracellular adenosine triphosphate, triggering microglial activation and causing a thromboinflammatory response, culminating in endothelial activation and vascular disruption. This is further aggravated by ischemia-reperfusion injury that follows all reperfusion therapies. The ecto-enzyme CD39 regulates extracellular adenosine triphosphate by hydrolyzing it to adenosine, which has antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties and reverses ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVES The objective off the study was to determine the efficacy of our therapeutic, anti-VCAM-CD39 in ischaemic stroke. METHODS We developed anti-VCAM-CD39 that targets the antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties of recombinant CD39 to the activated endothelium of the penumbra by binding to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. Mice were subjected to 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and analyzed at 24 hours. Anti-VCAM-CD39 or control agents (saline, nontargeted CD39, or anti-VCAM-inactive CD39) were given at 3 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS Anti-VCAM-CD39 treatment reduced neurologic deficit; magnetic resonance imaging confirmed significantly smaller infarcts together with an increase in cerebrovascular perfusion. Anti-VCAM-CD39 also restored blood-brain barrier integrity and reduced microglial activation. Coadministration of anti-VCAM-CD39 with thrombolytics (tissue plasminogen activator [tPA]) further reduced infarct volumes and attenuated blood-brain barrier permeability with no associated increase in intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Anti-VCAM-CD39, uniquely targeted to endothelial cells, could be a new stroke therapy even when administered 3 hours postischemia and may further synergize with thrombolytic therapy to improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ting Lee
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ioanna Savvidou
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carly Selan
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilaria Calvello
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Vuong
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Brkljaca
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abbey Willcox
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne S J Chia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harshal H Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maithili Sashindranath
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mosneag IE, Flaherty SM, Wykes RC, Allan SM. Stroke and Translational Research - Review of Experimental Models with a Focus on Awake Ischaemic Induction and Anaesthesia. Neuroscience 2024; 550:89-101. [PMID: 38065289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are an indispensable tool in the study of ischaemic stroke with hundreds of drugs emerging from the preclinical pipeline. However, all of these drugs have failed to translate into successful treatments in the clinic. This has brought into focus the need to enhance preclinical studies to improve translation. The confounding effects of anaesthesia on preclinical stroke modelling has been raised as an important consideration. Various volatile and injectable anaesthetics are used in preclinical models during stroke induction and for outcome measurements such as imaging or electrophysiology. However, anaesthetics modulate several pathways essential in the pathophysiology of stroke in a dose and drug dependent manner. Most notably, anaesthesia has significant modulatory effects on cerebral blood flow, metabolism, spreading depolarizations, and neurovascular coupling. To minimise anaesthetic complications and improve translational relevance, awake stroke induction has been attempted in limited models. This review outlines anaesthetic strategies employed in preclinical ischaemic rodent models and their reported cerebral effects. Stroke related complications are also addressed with a focus on infarct volume, neurological deficits, and thrombolysis efficacy. We also summarise routinely used focal ischaemic stroke rodent models and discuss the attempts to induce some of these models in awake rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Emilia Mosneag
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel M Flaherty
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Wykes
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bi Y, Duan W, Silver J. Collagen I is a critical organizer of scarring and CNS regeneration failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592424. [PMID: 38766123 PMCID: PMC11100746 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Although axotomized neurons retain the ability to initiate the formation of growth cones and attempt to regenerate after spinal cord injury, the scar area formed as a result of the lesion in most adult mammals contains a variety of reactive cells that elaborate multiple extracellular matrix and enzyme components that are not suitable for regrowth 1,2 . Newly migrating axons in the vicinity of the scar utilize upregulated LAR family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases, such as PTPσ, to associate with extracellular chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which have been discovered to tightly entrap the regrowing axon tip and transform it into a dystrophic non-growing endball. The scar is comprised of two compartments, one in the lesion penumbra, the glial scar, composed of reactive microglia, astrocytes and OPCs; and the other in the lesion epicenter, the fibrotic scar, which is made up of fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. While the fibrotic scar is known to be strongly inhibitory, even more so than the glial scar, the molecular determinants that curtail axon elongation through the injury core are largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that one sole member of the entire family of collagens, collagen I, creates an especially potent inducer of endball formation and regeneration failure. The inhibitory signaling is mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels and RhoA activation. Staggered systemic administration of two blood-brain barrier permeable-FDA approved drugs, aspirin and pirfenidone, reduced fibroblast incursion into the complete lesion and dramatically decreased collagen I, as well as CSPG deposition which were accompanied by axonal growth and considerable functional recovery. The anatomical substrate for robust axonal regeneration was provided by laminin producing GFAP + and NG2 + bridging cells that spanned the wound. Our results reveal a collagen I-mechanotransduction axis that regulates axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury and raise a promising strategy for rapid clinical application.
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Boseley RE, Sylvain NJ, Peeling L, Kelly ME, Pushie MJ. A review of concepts and methods for FTIR imaging of biomarker changes in the post-stroke brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184287. [PMID: 38266967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke represents a core area of study in neurosciences and public health due to its global contribution toward mortality and disability. The intricate pathophysiology of stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, involves the interruption in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. Disruption of these crucial processes in the central nervous system leads to metabolic dysregulation and cell death. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can simultaneously measure total protein and lipid content along with a number of key biomarkers within brain tissue that cannot be observed using conventional techniques. FTIR imaging provides the opportunity to visualize this information in tissue which has not been chemically treated prior to analysis, thus retaining the spatial distribution and in situ chemical information. Here we present a review of FTIR imaging methods for investigating the biomarker responses in the post-stroke brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E Boseley
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Nicole J Sylvain
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Lissa Peeling
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
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Bai X, Zheng E, Tong L, Liu Y, Li X, Yang H, Jiang J, Chang Z, Yang H. Angong Niuhuang Wan inhibit ferroptosis on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by activating PPARγ/AKT/GPX4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117438. [PMID: 37984544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNHW) is a prescription from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used for centuries to treat ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). According to a recent study, targeting ferroptosis might be effective in the management of IS and HS. However, the ferroptosis-related effects and mechanisms of AGNHW have not yet been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This research examines the anti-ferroptosis mechanisms of AGNHW in the treatment of IS and HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A system pharmacological approach including in vivo experiment, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, microscale thermophoresis, and in vitro experiment was utilized to study the anti-ferroptosis mechanisms of AGNHW against IS and HS. RESULTS In vivo experiments indicated that AGNHW enhanced nerve function, decreased cerebral infarct volume, ameliorated histological brain injuries, improved the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier, ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology disruption, and inhibits ROS, LPO and Fe2+ accumulations in IS and HS rats. Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, the key ingredients of AGNHW-containing serum were identified as bilirubin, berberine, baicalin, and wogonoside. According to the network pharmacology analyses, AGNHW could inhibit ferroptosis by modulating the PPAR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The core targets are PPARγ, AKT, and GPX4. Molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis experiments further revealed that the key ingredients have strong interactions with ferroptosis-regulating core proteins. Moreover, in vitro experiment results showed that AGNHW alleviated ferroptosis injury induced by erastin in PC12 cells, increased cell viability, reduced the LPO and Fe2+ levels, and up-regulated mRNA expressions of PPARγ, AKT, and GPX4. AGNHW also up-regulated protein expressions of PPARγ, p-AKT/AKT, and GPX4 in IS and HS rats. CONCLUSIONS AGNHW attenuated ferroptosis in treating IS and HS by targeting the PPARγ/AKT/GPX4 pathway. This work reveals AGNHW's anti-ferroptosis mechanism against IS and HS, but it also develops an integrated approach to demonstrate the common characteristics of drugs in treating different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Enqi Zheng
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China; Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhenghui Chang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Su Q, Liu Y, Li Z, Yong VW, Xue M. Ion Channel Dysregulation Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:401-414. [PMID: 37755675 PMCID: PMC10912428 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from numerous complex cellular mechanisms. At present, effective therapy for ICH is limited and a better understanding of the mechanisms of brain injury is necessary to improve prognosis. There is increasing evidence that ion channel dysregulation occurs at multiple stages in primary and secondary brain injury following ICH. Ion channels such as TWIK-related K+ channel 1, sulfonylurea 1 transient receptor potential melastatin 4 and glutamate-gated channels affect ion homeostasis in ICH. They in turn participate in the formation of brain edema, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and the generation of neurotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the interaction between ions and ion channels, the effects of ion channel dysregulation, and we discuss some therapeutics based on ion-channel modulation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qiuyang Su
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Peng C, Wang Y, Hu Z, Chen C. Selective HDAC6 inhibition protects against blood-brain barrier dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14429. [PMID: 37665135 PMCID: PMC10915991 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly induces neurological impairment. Previous studies showed that HDAC6 knockdown or TubA can protect the TNF-induced endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of HDAC6 inhibition on ICH-induced BBB disruption remains unknown. METHODS Hemin-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and collagenase-induced rats were employed to investigated the underlying impact of the HDAC6 inhibition in BBB lesion and neuronal dysfunction after ICH. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in acetylated α-tubulin during early phase of ICH. Both 25 or 40 mg/kg of TubA could relieve neurological deficits, perihematomal cell apoptosis, and ipsilateral brain edema in ICH animal model. TubA or specific siRNA of HDAC6 inhibited apoptosis and reduced the endothelial permeability of HBMECs. HDAC6 inhibition rescued the degradation of TJ proteins and repaired TJs collapses after ICH induction. Finally, the results suggested that the protective effects on BBB after ICH induction were exerted via upregulating the acetylated α-tubulin and reducing stress fiber formation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HDAC6 expression showed beneficial effects against BBB disruption after experimental ICH, which suggested that HDAC6 could be a novel and promising target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Rehabilitation HospitalHunan University of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Yu X, Kuang B, Dai X, Zheng L, Yu W, Teng W, Cao H, Li M, Yao J, Liu X, Zou W. "Baihui" (DU20)-penetrating "Qubin" (GB7) acupuncture on blood-brain barrier integrity in rat intracerebral hemorrhage models via the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38379356 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 (Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase II/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. METHODS Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin," and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. RESULTS We found that ROCK II acts as a promoter of the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the pre-intervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK II, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. CONCLUSION This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Binglin Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Teng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Boyle BR, Berghella AP, Blanco-Suarez E. Astrocyte Regulation of Neuronal Function and Survival in Stroke Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:233-267. [PMID: 39190078 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the context of stroke play crucial roles in the disease's progression and eventual outcomes. After a stroke, astrocytes undergo significant changes in their morphology, molecular profile, and function, together termed reactive astrogliosis. Many of these changes modulate how astrocytes relate to neurons, inducing mechanisms both beneficial and detrimental to stroke recovery. For example, excessive glutamate release and astrocytic malfunction contribute to excitotoxicity in stroke, eventually causing neuronal death. Astrocytes also provide essential metabolic support and neurotrophic signals to neurons after stroke, ensuring homeostatic stability and promoting neuronal survival. Furthermore, several astrocyte-secreted molecules regulate synaptic plasticity in response to stroke, allowing for the rewiring of neural circuits to compensate for damaged areas. In this chapter, we highlight the current understanding of the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in response to stroke, explaining the varied mechanisms contributing to injury progression and the potential implications for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget R Boyle
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea P Berghella
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Blanco-Suarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Deng S, Feng S, Xin Y, He Y, Wang Y, Tian M, Gong Y. Establishment of a rat model of severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:108-117. [PMID: 38263974 PMCID: PMC10800770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke resulting in high mortality and disability. At present, the development of targeted treatments to minimize the high morbidity and mortality is limited partly due to the lack of a severe ICH animal model. In this study, we aimed to establish an accurate severe ICH model in rats and examine the pathological and physiological changes associated with ICH. Methods A rat model of severe ICH model was established by intrastriatal injection of autologous blood using different blood volumes (ICH 100 µL group, ICH 130 µL group, ICH 160 µL group, ICH 170 µL group, and ICH 180 µL group). The mortality was assessed during the 28-day post-ICH period. Short- and long-term neurological deficits were evaluated using the Longa method, foot fault, falling latency, and Morris water maze tests. Brain water content, hematoma volume, hemoglobin content, and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed to determine the extent of brain injury. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to examine microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung water content, and western blotting were used to assess lung injury following ICH. Results The mortality of ICH rats increased significantly with an increase in autologous blood injection. The 28-day mortality in the 100 µL, 130 µL, 160 µL, 170 µL, and 180 µL ICH groups were 5%, 20%, 40%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. A significantly higher 28-day mortality was observed in the ICH 160 µL group compared to the ICH 100 µL group. The ICH 160 µL group exhibited significantly increased neurological deficits, brain edema, hematoma volume, and hemoglobin content compared to the sham group. Compared with the sham operation group, the activation of microglia and neuronal death in ICH 160 µL rats increased. The use of H&E staining and western blotting demonstrated that disruption of the intra-alveolar structure, alveolar edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytokines into the lung tissue were more severe in the ICH 160 µL group than the sham group. Conclusions A severe ICH model in rats was successfully established using an injection of autologous blood at a volume of 160 µL. This model may provide a valuable tool to examine the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions of severe ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wilkinson CM, Kalisvaart AC, Kung TF, Abrahart AH, Khiabani E, Colbourne F. Tissue Compliance and Intracranial Pressure Responses to Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young and Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2024; 81:151-161. [PMID: 37909235 PMCID: PMC10734784 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a large intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the hematoma and swelling cause intracranial pressure (ICP) to increase, sometimes causing brain herniation and death. This is partly countered by widespread tissue compliance, an acute decrease in tissue volume distal to the stroke, at least in young healthy animals. Intracranial compensation dynamics seem to vary with age, but there is no data on old animals or those with hypertension, major factors influencing ICH risk and outcome. METHODS We assessed hematoma volume, edema, ICP, and functional deficits in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and young normotensive control strains after collagenase-induced ICH. Macroscopic and microscopic brain volume fractions, such as contralateral hemisphere volume, cortical thickness, and neuronal morphology, were assessed via histological and stereological techniques. RESULTS Hematoma volume was 52% larger in young versus aged SHRs; surprisingly, aged SHRs still experienced proportionally worse outcomes following ICH, with 2× greater elevations in edema and ICP relative to bleed volume and 3× the degree of tissue compliance. Aged SHRs also experienced equivalent neurological deficits following ICH compared with their younger counterparts, despite the lack of significant age-related behavioral effects. Importantly, tissue compliance occurred across strains and age groups and was not impaired by hypertension or old age. CONCLUSIONS Aged SHRs show considerable capacity for tissue compliance following ICH and seem to rely on such mechanisms more heavily in settings of elevated ICP. Therefore, the ICP compensation response to ICH mass effect varies across the lifespan according to risk factors such as chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M. Wilkinson
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anna C.J. Kalisvaart
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tiffany F.C. Kung
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ashley H. Abrahart
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elmira Khiabani
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology (C.M.W., A.C.J.K., T.F.C.K., A.H.A., E.K., F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (F.C.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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13
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Hu D, Mo X, Luo J, Wang F, Huang C, Xie H, Jin L. 17-DMAG ameliorates neuroinflammation and BBB disruption via SOX5 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110698. [PMID: 37517381 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can result in secondary brain injury due to inflammation and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which are closely associated with patient prognosis. The potential of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor 17-DMAG in promoting neuroprotection has been observed in certain vascular diseases. However, the precise role of 17-DMAG treatment in ICH is not yet fully understood. In this study, we found that treatment with 17-DMAG (5 mg/kg) effectively reduced hematoma expansion and resulted in improved neurological outcomes. Meanwhile, the injection of 17-DMAG had a positive effect on reducing BBB disruption in rats with ICH. This effect was achieved by increasing the levels of BBB tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as zo-1, claudin-5, and occludin. As a result, the leakage of EB extravasation, brain edema and IgG in the peri-hematoma tissue were reduced. Furthermore, the injection of 17-DMAG decreased the infiltration of neutrophils into the brain tissues surrounding the hematoma in ICH rats and also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Next, we used integrative mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular docking analysis to confirm that sex determining region Y-box protein 5 (SOX5) is a potential direct target of 17-DMAG in ICH. SOX5 encodes a positive regulator of the PI3K/Akt axis, and treatment with 17-DMAG resulted in a noticeable increase in SOX5 accumulation. To further investigate the role of SOX5, we employed virus-regulated SOX5 silencing and found that suppressing SOX5 blocked the ability of 17-DMAG to suppress neutrophil trafficking. Additionally, silencing SOX5 blocked the protective effects of 17-DMAG on the BBB by inhibiting PI3K, p-Akt, and BBB TJPs levels, which led to an increase in EB and IgG leakage in the peri-hematoma tissue after ICH. Similarly, when SOX5 was knocked down, the protective effects of 17-DMAG were lost. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the injection of 17-DMAG has the potential to mitigate neuroinflammation and prevent the disruption of the BBB caused by ICH, resulting in improved neurological outcomes in rats. These positive effects are attributed to the regulation of SOX5 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings highlight the possibility of targeting SOX5 and the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Mo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihang Luo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesong Xie
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Kung TFC, Wilkinson CM, Liddle LJ, Colbourne F. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of glibenclamide in animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292033. [PMID: 37756302 PMCID: PMC10529582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke with many mechanisms of injury. Edema worsens outcome and can lead to mortality after ICH. Glibenclamide (GLC), a sulfonylurea 1- transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Sur1-Trpm4) channel blocker, has been shown to attenuate edema in ischemic stroke models, raising the possibility of benefit in ICH. This meta-analysis synthesizes current pre-clinical (rodent) literature regarding the efficacy of post-ICH GLC administration (vs. vehicle controls) on behaviour (i.e., neurological deficit, motor, and memory outcomes), edema, hematoma volume, and injury volume. Six studies (5 in rats and 1 in mice) were included in our meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration = CRD42021283614). GLC significantly improved behaviour (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.63, [-1.16, -0.09], n = 70-74) and reduced edema (SMD = -0.91, [-1.64, -0.18], n = 70), but did not affect hematoma volume (SMD = 0.0788, [-0.5631, 0.7207], n = 18-20), or injury volume (SMD = 0.2892, [-0.4950, 1.0734], n = 24). However, these results should be interpreted cautiously. Findings were conflicted with 2 negative and 4 positive reports, and Egger regressions indicated missing negative edema data (p = 0.0001), and possible missing negative behavioural data (p = 0.0766). Experimental quality assessed via the SYRCLE and CAMARADES checklists was concerning, as most studies demonstrated high risks of bias. Studies were generally low-powered (e.g., average n = 14.4 for behaviour), and future studies should employ sample sizes of 41 to detect our observed effect size in behaviour and 33 to detect our observed effect in edema. Overall, missing negative studies, low study quality, high risk of bias, and incomplete attention to key recommendations (e.g., investigating female, aged, and co-morbid animals) suggest that further high-powered confirmatory studies are needed before conclusive statements about GLC's efficacy in ICH can be made, and before further clinical trials are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany F. C. Kung
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lane J. Liddle
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Ferreira JRP, Sucupira ID, Carvalho GMC, Paiva FF, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Mourão PAS, Fonseca RJC. A Combination of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Strategies for Evaluating How Much New Oral Anticoagulants Exacerbate Experimental Intracerebral Bleeding. TH OPEN 2023; 7:e195-e205. [PMID: 37435564 PMCID: PMC10332909 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy but the effects of different types of oral anticoagulants on the expansion of these hemorrhages are still unclear. Clinical studies have revealed controversial results; more robust and long-term clinical evaluations are necessary to define their outcomes. An alternative is to test the effect of these drugs in experimental models of intracerebral bleeding induced in animals. Aims To test new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) in an experimental model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by collagenase injection into the brain striatum of rats. Warfarin was used for comparison. Methods Ex vivo anticoagulant assays and an experimental model of venous thrombosis were employed to determine the doses and periods of time required for the anticoagulants to achieve their maximum effects. Subsequently, volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated after administration of the anticoagulants, using these same parameters. Volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, and Evans blue extravasation. Neuromotor function was assessed by the elevated body swing test. Results and Conclusions The new oral anticoagulants did not increase intracranial bleeding compared with control animals, while warfarin markedly favored expansion of the hematomas, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and H&E staining. Dabigatran etexilate caused a modest but statistically significant increase in Evans blue extravasation. We did not observe significant differences in elevated body swing tests among the experimental groups. The new oral anticoagulants may provide a better control over a brain hemorrhage than warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. P. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela D. Sucupira
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M. C. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Coagulação e Trombose, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando F. Paiva
- Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia por Ressonância Magnética (CIERMag). Departamento de Física e Ciência Interdisciplinar. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho
- Laboratório Intermediário de Neuropatologia Experimental. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório Intermediário de Neuropatologia Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Rosado-de-Castro
- Laboratório de Coagulação e Trombose, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório Intermediário de Neuropatologia Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. S. Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto J. C. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Coagulação e Trombose, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Reyes-Esteves S, Nong J, Glassman PM, Omo-Lamai S, Ohashi S, Myerson JW, Zamora ME, Ma X, Kasner SE, Sansing L, Muzykantov VR, Marcos-Contreras OA, Brenner JS. Targeted drug delivery to the brain endothelium dominates over passive delivery via vascular leak in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Control Release 2023; 356:185-195. [PMID: 36868517 PMCID: PMC10519578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common causes of fatal stroke, yet has no specific drug therapies. Many attempts at passive intravenous (IV) delivery in ICH have failed to deliver drugs to the salvageable area around the hemorrhage. The passive delivery method assumes vascular leak through the ruptured blood-brain barrier will allow drug accumulation in the brain. Here we tested this assumption using intrastriatal injection of collagenase, a well-established experimental model of ICH. Fitting with hematoma expansion in clinical ICH, we showed that collagenase-induced blood leak drops significantly by 4 h after ICH onset and is gone by 24 h. We observed passive-leak brain accumulation also declines rapidly over ∼4 h for 3 model IV therapeutics (non-targeted IgG; a protein therapeutic; PEGylated nanoparticles). We compared these passive leak results with targeted brain delivery by IV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that actively bind vascular endothelium (anti-VCAM, anti-PECAM, anti-ICAM). Even at early time points after ICH induction, where there is high vascular leak, brain accumulation via passive leak is dwarfed by brain accumulation of endothelial-targeted agents: At 4 h after injury, anti-PECAM mAbs accumulate at 8-fold higher levels in the brain vs. non-immune IgG; anti-VCAM nanoparticles (NPs) deliver a protein therapeutic (superoxide dismutase, SOD) at 4.5-fold higher levels than the carrier-free therapeutic at 24 h after injury. These data suggest that relying on passive vascular leak provides inefficient delivery of therapeutics even at early time points after ICH, and that a better strategy might be targeted delivery to the brain endothelium, which serves as the gateway for the immune attack on the peri-hemorrhage inflamed brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahily Reyes-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jia Nong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Serena Omo-Lamai
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ohashi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Marco E Zamora
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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Zubair AS, Sheth KN. Hemorrhagic Conversion of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:705-711. [PMID: 37085684 PMCID: PMC10275827 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; a serious complication of ischemic stroke is hemorrhagic transformation. Current treatment of acute ischemic stroke includes endovascular thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy. Both of these treatment options are linked with increased risks of hemorrhagic conversion. The diagnosis and timely management of patients with hemorrhagic conversion is critically important to patient outcomes. This review aims to discuss hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke including discussion of the pathophysiology, review of risk factors, imaging considerations, and treatment of patients with hemorrhagic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel S Zubair
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Dysregulation of Serum MicroRNA after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030822. [PMID: 36979801 PMCID: PMC10044892 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common diseases that leads to brain injury and mortality in patients, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke. Though the prevalence of ICH increases with aging, the effect of aging on the pathophysiology of ICH remains largely understudied. Moreover, there is no effective treatment for ICH. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of circulating microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various pathological conditions. While many studies have identified microRNAs that play roles in the pathophysiology of brain injury, few demonstrated their functions and roles after ICH. Given this significant knowledge gap, the present study aims to identify microRNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers of ICH in the elderly. To this end, sham or ICH was induced in aged C57BL/6 mice (18–24 months), and 24 h post-ICH, serum microRNAs were isolated, and expressions were analyzed. We identified 28 significantly dysregulated microRNAs between ICH and sham groups, suggesting their potential to serve as blood biomarkers of acute ICH. Among those microRNAs, based on the current literature, miR-124-3p, miR-137-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-219a-2-3p, miR-135a-5p, miR-541-5p, and miR-770-3p may serve as the most promising blood biomarker candidates of ICH, warranting further investigation.
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19
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Liang C, Liu L, Bao S, Yao Z, Bai Q, Fu P, Liu X, Zhang JH, Wang G. Neuroprotection by Nrf2 via modulating microglial phenotype and phagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13777. [PMID: 36852060 PMCID: PMC9957781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia are divided into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functional states. In anti-inflammatory state, activated microglia contribute to phagocytosis, neural repair and anti-inflammation. Nrf2 as a major endogenous regulator in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has received much attention. This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying Nrf2-mediated regulation of microglial phenotype and phagocytosis in hematoma clearance after ICH. In vitro experiments, BV-2 cells were assigned to normal group and administration group (Nrf2-siRNA, Nrf2 agonists Monascin and Xuezhikang). In vivo experiments, mice were divided into 5 groups: sham, ICH + vehicle, ICH + Nrf2-/-, ICH + Monascin and ICH + Xuezhikang. In vitro and in vivo, 72 h after administration of Monascin and Xuezhikang, the expression of Nrf2, inflammatory-associated factors such as Trem1, TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory, neural repair and phagocytic associated factors such as Trem2, CD206 and BDNF were analyzed by the Western blot method. In vitro, fluorescent latex beads or erythrocytes were uptaken by BV-2 cells in order to study microglial phagocytic ability. In vivo, hemoglobin levels reflect the hematoma volume. In this study, Nrf2 agonists (Monascin and Xuezhikang) upregulated the expression of Trem2, CD206 and BDNF while decreased the expression of Trem1, TNF-α and CD80 both in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, after Monascin and Xuezhikang treatment, the phagocytic capacity of microglia increased in vitro, neurological deficits improved and hematoma volume lessened in vivo. These results were reversed in the Nrf2-siRNA or the Nrf2-/- mice. All these results indicated that Nrf2 enhanced hematoma clearance and neural repair, improved neurological outcomes through enhancing microglial phagocytosis and alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Key Words
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CNS, Central nervous system
- DAMPs, Danger-associated molecular patterns
- HO-1,Heme oxygenase-1, Hp,Haptoglobin
- Hematoma clearance
- ICH, Intracerebral hemorrhage
- IFNγ,Interferon-gamma, IL-1β,Interleukin 1β
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteasesNF-κB,Nuclear factor-kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
- Microglial phenotype
- NO, Nitric oxide
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PPAR-ɤ, Peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Phagocytosis
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- Trem1, Triggering receptors I expressed on myeloid cells
- Trem2, Triggering receptors II expressed on myeloid cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,People's Hospital of Yaodu District, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Shuangjin Bao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhenjia Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,Department of Neurology, Sanya Central Hospital (Haian Third People's Hospital), Hainan Medical University, Sanya 572000, China
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20
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Wan Y, Holste KG, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Brain edema formation and therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105948. [PMID: 36481437 PMCID: PMC10013956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 10% of all strokes in the United States of America causing a high degree of disability and mortality. There is initial (primary) brain injury due to the mechanical disruption caused by the hematoma. There is then secondary injury, triggered by the initial injury but also the release of various clot-derived factors (e.g., thrombin and hemoglobin). ICH alters brain fluid homeostasis. Apart from the initial hematoma mass, ICH causes blood-brain barrier disruption and parenchymal cell swelling, which result in brain edema and intracranial hypertension affecting patient prognosis. Reducing brain edema is a critical part of post-ICH care. However, there are limited effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in ICH. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying perihematomal brain edema formation, the effects of sex and age, as well as how edema is resolved. It examines progress in pharmacotherapy, particularly focusing on drugs which have been or are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Li Y, Tian C, Wei Y, Liu H, An N, Song K, Sun Y, Gao Y, Gao Y. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of Naoxueshu oral liquid in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, network pharmacological and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154530. [PMID: 36356328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening stroke subtype with high rates of disability and mortality. Naoxueshu oral liquid is a proprietary Chinese medicine that absorbs hematoma and exhibits neuroprotective effects in patients with ICH. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. PURPOSE Exploring and elucidating the pharmacological mechanism of Naoxueshu oral liquid in the treatment of ICH. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download the gene expression data on ICH. ICH-related hub modules were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially co-expressed genes (DEGs). The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted using the obtained key modules to identify the ICH-related signaling pathways. Network pharmacology technology was applied to forecast the targets of Naoxueshu oral liquid and to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of overlapping targets between Naoxueshu oral liquid and ICH. Functional annotation and enrichment pathway analyses of the intersectional targets were performed using the omicsbean database. Finally, we verified the therapeutic role and mechanism of Naoxueshu oral liquid in ICH through molecular docking and experiments. RESULTS Through the WGCNA analysis, combined with network pharmacology, it was found that immune inflammation was closely related to the early pathological mechanism of ICH. Naoxueshu oral liquid suppressed the inflammatory response; hence, it could be a potential drug for ICH treatment. Molecular docking further confirmed that the effective components of Naoxueshu oral liquid docked well with CD163. Finally, the experimental results showed that Naoxueshu oral liquid treatment in the ICH rat model attenuated neurological deficits and neuronal injury, decreased hematoma volume, and promoted hematoma absorption. In addition, Naoxueshu oral liquid treatment also significantly increased the levels of Arg-1, CD163, Nrf2, and HO-1 around hematoma after ICH. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Naoxueshu oral liquid attenuated neurological deficits and accelerated hematoma absorption, possibly by suppressing inflammatory responses, which might be related to the regulation of Nrf2/CD163/HO-1 that interfered with the activation of M2 microglia, thus accelerating the clearance and decomposition of hemoglobin in the hematoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yufei Wei
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ke Song
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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22
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Peng C, Gong X, Hu Z, Chen C, Jiang Z. Selective HDAC6 inhibitor TubA offers neuroprotection after intracerebral hemorrhage via inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15293. [PMID: 37138816 PMCID: PMC10150719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has demonstrated that neuronal apoptosis is involved in the pathological process of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Additionally, our previous studies determined that the inhibition of HDAC6 activity by tubacin or specific shRNA can attenuate neuronal apoptosis in an oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion model. However, whether the pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6-attenuated neuronal apoptosis in ICH remains unclear. In this study, we used hemin-induced SH-SY5Y cells to simulate a hemorrhage state in vitro and adopted a collagenase-induced ICH rat model in vivo to assess the effect of the HDAC6 inhibition. We found a significant increase in HDAC6 during the early stages of ICH. As expected, the acetylated α-tubulin significantly decreased in correlation with the expression of HDAC6. Medium and high doses (25, 40 mg/kg) of TubA, a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, both reduced neurological impairments, histological impairments, and ipsilateral brain edema in vivo. TubA or HDAC6 siRNA both alleviated neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Finally, HDAC6 inhibition increased the level of acetylated α-tubulin and Bcl-2 and lowered the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 post-ICH. In general, these results suggested that the pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 may act as a novel and promising therapeutic target for ICH therapy by up-regulating acetylated α-tubulin and reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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23
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Fedor BA, Kalisvaart AC, Ralhan S, Kung TF, MacLaren M, Colbourne F. Early, Intense Rehabilitation Fails to Improve Outcome After Intra-Striatal Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:788-799. [PMID: 36384355 PMCID: PMC9720710 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221137342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation and degradation of an intracerebral hemorrhage causes protracted cell death, and an extended window for intervention. Experimental studies find that rehabilitation mitigates late cell death, with accelerated hematoma clearance as a potential mechanism. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether early, intense, enriched rehabilitation (ER, environmental enrichment and massed skills training) enhances functional benefit, reduces brain injury, and augments hematoma clearance. METHODS In experiment 1, rats (n = 56) were randomized to intervention in the light (-L) or dark phase (-D) of their housing cycle, then to 10 days of ER or control (CON) treatment after collagenase-induced striatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ER rats were treated from 5 to 14 days after ICH. Behavior and residual hematoma volume was assessed on day 14. In experiment 2, rats (n = 72) were randomized to ER-D10, ER-D20, or CON-D. ER rats completed 10 or 20 days of training in the dark. Rats were euthanized on day 60 for histology. In both experiments, behavioral assessment was completed pre-ICH, pre-ER (day 4 post-ICH), and post-ER (experiment 1: days 13-14; experiment 2: days 16-17 and 30-31). RESULTS Reaching intensity was high but similar between ER-D10 and ER-L10. Unlike previous work, rehabilitation did not alter skilled reaching or hematoma resolution. Varying ER duration also did not affect reaching success or lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to others, and under these conditions, our findings show that striatal ICH was generally unresponsive to rehabilitation. This highlights the difficulty of replicating and extending published work, perhaps owing to small inter-study differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt A. Fedor
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna C.J. Kalisvaart
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shivani Ralhan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tiffany F.C. Kung
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maxwell MacLaren
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Paiva WS, Zippo E, Miranda C, Brasil S, Godoy DA, De Andrade AF, Neville I, Patriota GC, Domingues R, Teixeira MJ. Animal models for the study of intracranial hematomas (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:20. [PMID: 36561628 PMCID: PMC9748783 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hematomas (ICH) are a frequent condition in neurosurgical and neurological practices, with several mechanisms of primary and secondary injury. Experimental research has been fundamental for the understanding of the pathophysiology implicated with ICH and the development of therapeutic interventions. To date, a variety of different animal approaches have been described that consider, for example, the ICH evolutive phase, molecular implications and hemodynamic changes. Therefore, choosing a test protocol should consider the scope of each particular study. The present review summarized investigational protocols in experimental research on the subject of ICH. With this subject, injection of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase, inflation of intracranial balloon and avulsion of cerebral vessels were the models identified. Rodents (mice) and swine were the most frequent species used. These different models allowed improvements on the understanding of intracranial hypertension establishment, neuroinflammation, immunology, brain hemodynamics and served to the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Zippo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Miranda
- Neurology Center, Samaritan Hospital, 01232010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Brasil
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Correspondence to: Dr Sérgio Brasil, Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 255 Enéas Aguiar Street, 05403 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Augustin Godoy
- Department of Intensive Care, Neurointensive Care Unit, Pasteur Hospital, 4700 Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Almir Ferreira De Andrade
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri Neville
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Domingues
- Neurology Center, Samaritan Hospital, 01232010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Wilkinson CM, Katsanos AH, Sander NH, Kung TFC, Colbourne F, Shoamanesh A. Colchicine pre-treatment and post-treatment does not worsen bleeding or functional outcome after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276405. [PMID: 36256671 PMCID: PMC9578626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are at increased risk for major ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, the use of preventative antithrombotic therapy can increase the risk of ICH recurrence and worsen ICH-related outcomes. Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, has the potential to mitigate inflammation-related atherothrombosis and reduce the risk of ischemic vascular events. Here we investigated the safety and efficacy of colchicine when used both before and acutely after ICH. We predicted that daily colchicine administration would not impact our safety measures but would reduce brain injury and improve functional outcomes associated with inflammation reduction. To test this, 0.05 mg/kg colchicine was given orally once daily to rats either before or after they were given a collagenase-induced striatal ICH. We assessed neurological impairments, intra-parenchymal bleeding, Perls positive cells, and brain injury to gauge the therapeutic impact of colchicine on brain injury. Colchicine did not significantly affect bleeding (average = 40.7 μL) at 48 hrs, lesion volume (average = 24.5 mm3) at 14 days, or functional outcome (median neurological deficit scale score at 2 days post-ICH = 4, i.e., modest deficits) from 1–14 days after ICH. Colchicine reduced the volume of Perls positive cells in the perihematomal zone, indicating a reduction in inflammation. Safety measures (body weight, food consumption, water consumption, hydration, body temperature, activity, and pain) were not affected by colchicine. Although colchicine did not confer neuroprotection or functional benefit, it was able to reduce perihematomal inflammation after ICH without increasing bleeding. Thus, our findings suggest that colchicine treatment is safe, unlikely to worsen bleeding, and is unlikely but may reduce secondary injury after an ICH if initiated early post ICH to reduce the risk of ischemic vascular events. These results are informative for the ongoing CoVasc-ICH phase II randomized trial (NCT05159219).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristeidis H. Katsanos
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noam H. Sander
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany F. C. Kung
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Chavignon A, Hingot V, Orset C, Vivien D, Couture O. 3D transcranial ultrasound localization microscopy for discrimination between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in early phase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14607. [PMID: 36028542 PMCID: PMC9418177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is a critical part of the emergency care of cerebral hemorrhages and ischemia. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of strokes reduces the delays to appropriate treatments and a better functional recovery. Currently, CTscan and MRI are the gold standards with constraints of accessibility, availability, and possibly some contraindications. The development of Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) has enabled new perspectives to conventional transcranial ultrasound imaging with increased sensitivity, penetration depth, and resolution. The possibility of volumetric imaging has increased the field-of-view and provided a more precise description of the microvascularisation. In this study, rats (n = 9) were subjected to thromboembolic ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhages prior to volumetric ULM at the early phases after onsets. Although the volumetric ULM performed in the early phase of ischemic stroke revealed a large hypoperfused area in the cortical area of the occluded artery, it showed a more diffused hypoperfusion in the hemorrhagic model. Respective computations of a Microvascular Diffusion Index highlighted different patterns of perfusion loss during the first 24 h of these two strokes’ subtypes. Our study provides the first proof that this methodology should allow early discrimination between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke with a potential toward diagnosis and monitoring in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Chavignon
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7371 CNRS, Inserm U1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Hingot
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7371 CNRS, Inserm U1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- UNICAEN, Inserm U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, Inserm U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Couture
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7371 CNRS, Inserm U1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
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27
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Shiokawa R, Otani N, Kajimoto R, Igarashi T, Moro N, Suma T, Oshima H, Yoshino A. Glibenclamide attenuates brain edema associated with microglia activation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurochirurgie 2022; 68:589-594. [PMID: 35963712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glibenclamide, Sulfonylurea receptor 1 antagonist, reduces brain edema after cerebral hemorrhage. However, the effects of glibenclamide on microglial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration after cerebral hemorrhage are unclear. The present study investigated the effect of glibenclamide on microglial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in a rat cerebral hemorrhage model. METHODS A collagenase intracerebral injection model was used to cause cerebral hemorrhage in rats. After injury, glibenclamide was continuously administered at 1.0μL/h for 24hours. We evaluated hematoma volume, brain edema, expression of ABCC8, galectin-3 and CD11b, and anti-Iba-1 antibody staining. RESULTS Glibenclamide significantly reduced water content. Meanwhile, glibenclamide significantly reduced expression of galectin-3 and CD11b in the cerebral cortex and putamen on the bleeding side. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that glibenclamide attenuated activation of microglia around the hematoma. CONCLUSIONS Glibenclamide reduced microglial activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in amelioration of cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shiokawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - R Kajimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Igarashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Moro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Suma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Oshima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Yoshino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Neuroprotective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Associated with Reduced Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081020. [PMID: 35892330 PMCID: PMC9332591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to have various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. However, the role of CGA in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the underlying mechanisms remain undiscovered. The current study aims to investigate the effect of CGA on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after inhibition of EMMPRIN in a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Dose optimization data showed that intraperitoneal administration of CGA (30 mg/kg) significantly attenuated neurological impairments and reduced brain water content at 24 h and 72 h compared with ICH mice given vehicle. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that CGA remarkably decreased the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in perihematomal areas at 72 h after ICH. CGA also reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMP-2/9) at 72 h after ICH. CGA diminished Evans blue dye extravasation and reduced the loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. CGA-treated mice had fewer activated Iba-1-positive microglia and MPO-positive neutrophils. Finally, CGA suppressed cell death around the hematoma and reduced overall brain injury. These outcomes highlight that CGA treatment confers neuroprotection in ICH likely by inhibiting expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2/9, and alleviating neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cell death and brain injury.
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Sun Z, Li Q, Li X, Shi Y, Nan C, Jin Q, Wang X, Zhuo Y, Zhao Z. Casein kinase 2 attenuates brain injury induced by intracerebral hemorrhage via regulation of NR2B phosphorylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:911973. [PMID: 35928572 PMCID: PMC9345180 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.911973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, disability, and mortality. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase with hundreds of identified substrates and plays an important role in many diseases. This study aimed to explore whether CK2 plays protective roles in ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress through regulation NR2B phosphorylation. Methods CK2 expression level of brain tissues taken from ICH patients was determined by immunoblotting. Neurons from embryonic rat and astrocytes from newborn rats were cultured and treated by Hemoglobin chloride (Hemin). The proliferation of astrocytes, the apoptosis and oxidative stress of neurons and the inflammatory factors of astrocytes were detected. CK2 expression was determined in ICH model rats. The effects of CK2 overexpression plasmid (pc-CK2) on neurobehavioral defects and brain water content in ICH rats were observed. Results CK2 expression in ICH patients was down-regulated. Overexpression of CK2 promoted the astrocyte proliferation, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and reduced astrocyte-mediated inflammation. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) reversed the effects of pc-CK2 on neurons and astrocytes. CK2 phosphorylated NR2B at the S1480 site, down-regulated the expression of NR2B and interfered with the interaction between NR2B and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). In vivo experiments showed that the expression of CK2 decreased and the expression of NR2B increased in ICH rats. Furthermore, pc-CK2 attenuated neurobehavioral defects, brain water content and neuronal damage in ICH rats. Conclusion CK2 phosphorylated NR2B, down-regulated the expression of NR2B, interfered with the interaction between NR2B and PSD95, alleviated inflammatory reactions, inhibited neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress after ICH. CK2 and NR2B may be new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ICH. However, the limitation of this study is that we only investigated the regulation of NR2B by CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Handan City, Handan, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianxu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yayu Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zongmao Zhao,
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Li X, Wang B, Yu N, Yang L, Nan C, Sun Z, Guo L, Zhao Z. Gabapentin Alleviates Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3063-3075. [PMID: 35809188 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in brain tissue injury during intracerebral hemorrhage. Gabapentin can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signals. Here, we showed that gabapentin reduced brain tissue injury in ICH through suppressing NFκB-mediated neuroinflammation. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase IV into the right striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. PC12 and BV2 cells injury induced by Hemin were used to simulate ICH in vitro. Inflammation and apoptosis were assessed in rat brain tissue and in vitro cells. The neurobehavioral scores were significantly decreased in ICH rats compared with sham rats. Phosphorylated IκB-α and cleaved caspase3, and apoptosis rate were significantly higher in tissue surrounding the hematoma than in brain tissues from rats subjected to sham surgery. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels in ICH rats were higher than in sham rats. Gabapentin treatment significantly improved the behavioral scores, decreased levels of phosphorylated IκB-α and cleaved caspase3, apoptosis rate, and serum IL-6 level in ICH rats. Hemin-treated BV2 cells displayed higher levels of phosphorylated IκB-α, cleaved caspase3, and IL-6 in the supernatant compared with vehicle-treated cells. Hemin treatment induced a significantly lower level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in BV2 cells. BV2-PC12 co-culture cells treated by hemin displayed higher levels of cleaved caspase3 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, gabapentin treatment could reduce these effects induced by hemin and the protective effects of gabapentin were significantly attenuated by PPARγ inhibitor. Therefore, gabapentin may reduce inflammation and apoptosis induced by the ICH through PPARγ-NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Handan City, Handan, 056000, HeBei, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, 054000, HeBei, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Lisi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.
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Abd Aziz NAW, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Bakar NS, Abd Latiff A, Ismail NM. Neuroprotection by Trans-Resveratrol in Rats With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights into the Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:596-613. [PMID: 35799401 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the neuroprotective effects of trans-resveratrol (RV), this study aimed to investigate the involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in RV-mediated neuroprotection in a rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model induced by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. Rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) sham-operated, (3) ICH pretreated with vehicle, (4) ICH pretreated with RV, and (5) ICH pretreated with RV and the A1R antagonist DPCPX. At 48 hours after ICH, the rats were subjected to neurological testing. Brain tissues were assessed for neuronal density and morphological features using routine and immunohistochemical staining. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-3, and RIPK3 proteins was examined using ELISA. A1R, MAPK P38, Hsp90, TrkB, and BDNF genes were examined using RT-qPCR. RV protected against neurological deficits and neuronal depletion, restored the expression of TNF-α, CASP3, RIPK3, A1R, and Hsp90, and increased BDNF/TrkB. DPCPX abolished the effects of RV on neurological outcomes, neuronal density, CASP3, RIPK3, A1R, Hsp90, and BDNF. These data indicate that the neuroprotection by RV involves A1R and inhibits CASP3-dependent apoptosis and RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in the perihematoma region; this is likely to be mediated by crosstalk between A1R and the BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azliza Wani Abd Aziz
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
| | - Renu Agarwal
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
| | - Nor Salmah Bakar
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
| | - Azian Abd Latiff
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- From the Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA, NSB, NMI); Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (NAWAA); School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (II, RA); Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (II); and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia (AAL)
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p38 MAPK Endogenous Inhibition Improves Neurological Deficits in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Mice. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:3300327. [PMID: 35811833 PMCID: PMC9259354 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathophysiological process that can lead to neurological function damage and the formation of cerebral infarction. The p38 MAPK pathway has attracted considerable attention in cerebral I/R injury (IRI), but little research has been carried out on its direct role in vivo. In this study, to observe the effects of p38 MAPK endogenous inhibition on cerebral IRI, p38 heterozygous knockdown (p38KI/+) mice were used. We hypothesized that p38 signaling might be involved in I/R injury and neurological damage reduction and that neurological behavioral deficits improve when p38 MAPK is inhibited. First, we examined the neurological damage and neurological behavioral deficit effects of I/R injury in WT mice. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method. The cerebral infarction area and volume were assessed and analyzed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. p38 MAPK and caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. Neuronal apoptosis was measured using TUNEL staining. Neurological deficits were detected by behavioral testing. Furthermore, to assess whether these neuroprotective effects occurred when p38 MAPK was inhibited, p38 heterozygous knockdown (p38KI/+) mice were used. We found that p38 MAPK endogenous inhibition rescued hippocampal cell apoptosis, reduced ischemic penumbra, and improved neurological behavioral deficits. These findings showed that p38 MAPK endogenous inhibition had a neuroprotective effect on IRI and that p38 MAPK may be a potential therapeutic target for cerebral IRI.
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Zhou JF, Xiong Y, Kang X, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Application of stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:281. [PMID: 35765072 PMCID: PMC9241288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Nagasaka K, Takashima I, Matsuda K, Higo N. Pharmacological inactivation of the primate posterior insular/secondary somatosensory cortices attenuates thermal hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1723-1731. [PMID: 35762263 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously established a macaque model of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) and confirmed the involvement of increased activity of the posterior insular cortex (PIC) and secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) to somatosensory stimuli in mechanical allodynia by a combination of imaging techniques with local pharmacological inactivation. However, it is unclear whether the same intervention would be effective for thermal hyperalgesia. Therefore, using the macaque model, we examined behavioral responses to thermal stimuli following pharmacological inactivation of the PIC/SII. METHODS Two CPSP model macaques were established based on collagenase-induced unilateral hemorrhagic lesions in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. To evaluate pain perception, withdrawal latencies to thermal stimuli of 37, 45, 50, 52, and 55 °C to hands were measured. Several weeks after the lesion induction, pharmacological inactivation of the PIC/SII by microinjection of muscimol was performed. The effect of inactivation on withdrawal latency was assessed by comparison with withdrawal latency after vehicle injection. RESULTS Several weeks after induction of the thalamic lesions, both macaques demonstrated a reduction in withdrawal latencies to thermal stimulation (<50 °C) on the contralesional hand, indicating the occurrence of thermal hyperalgesia. When the PIC/SII were inactivated by muscimol, the withdrawal latencies to thermal stimuli of 50 and 52 °C were significantly increased compared to those after vehicle injection. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasize that increased activity in the PIC/SII after appearance of thalamic lesions can contribute to abnormal pain of multiple modalities, and the modulation of PIC/SII activity may be a therapeutic approach for thermal hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagasaka
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - I Takashima
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N Higo
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang F, Liu Y, Yong VW, Xue M. Necrosulfonamide Alleviates Acute Brain Injury of Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Inhibiting Inflammation and Necroptosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:916249. [PMID: 35721316 PMCID: PMC9201046 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.916249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke, without effective treatment. Necrosulfonamide (NSA), a specific inhibitor for mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in neurological diseases by ameliorating neuroinflammation and necroptosis. We hypothesized that NSA would alleviate acute brain injury and improve behavioral outcomes after ICH. Materials and Methods Male adult C57BL/6 mice were assigned randomly into three groups. In vehicle and treatment groups, animals were injected with collagenase VII to induce ICH. The solvent (0.25% DMSO) and NSA (5 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally twice a day, respectively. The sham group was injected with saline and administrated with DMSO. The brain hematoma volume, inflammatory factors, and blood-brain barrier permeability were measured on day 3 after the operation. Fluorescent double immunostaining was performed to evaluate the neuronal death. Neurological functions were assessed. Results In the NSA group, the hematoma size was significantly reduced, inflammatory cells and cytokines were suppressed, and the blood-brain barrier was protected compared to vehicle controls. NSA dramatically reduced the death of neurons and improved the performance of neurological functions after ICH. Conclusion Necrosulfonamide has a neuroprotective role in alleviating acute brain injury in a mouse ICH model, and this is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: V. Wee Yong,
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Mengzhou Xue,
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Branyan TE, Selvamani A, Park MJ, Korula KE, Kosel KF, Srinivasan R, Sohrabji F. Functional Assessment of Stroke-Induced Regulation of miR-20a-3p and Its Role as a Neuroprotectant. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:432-448. [PMID: 34570349 PMCID: PMC9046320 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have gained popularity as a potential treatment for many diseases, including stroke. This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged females and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcomes could be improved by elevating astrocytic miR-20a-3p, we created a tetracycline (Tet)-induced recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) construct where miR-20a-3p was located downstream a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Treatment with doxycycline induced miR-20-3p expression in astrocytes, reducing mortality and modestly improving sensory motor behavior. A second Tet-induced rAAV construct was created in which miR-20a-3p was located downstream of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. These experiments demonstrate that neuronal expression of miR-20a-3p is vastly more neuroprotective than astrocytic expression, with animals receiving the miR-20a-3p vector showing reduced infarction and sensory motor improvement. Intravenous injections, which are a therapeutically tractable treatment route, with miR-20a-3p mimic 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) significantly improved stroke outcomes including infarct volume and sensory motor performance. Improvement was not observed when miR-20a-3p was given immediately or 24 h after MCAo, identifying a unique delayed therapeutic window. Overall, this study identifies a novel neuroprotective microRNA and characterizes several key pathways by which it can improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Branyan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Amutha Selvamani
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Min Jung Park
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kriti E Korula
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kelby F Kosel
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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37
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Crilly S, McMahon E, Kasher PR. Zebrafish for modeling stroke and their applicability for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:559-568. [PMID: 35587689 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2072828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health burden of stroke is significant and few therapeutic treatment options currently exist for patients. Pre-clinical research relies heavily on rodent stroke models but the limitations associated with using these systems alone has meant translation of drug compounds to the clinic has not been greatly successful to date. Zebrafish disease modeling offers a potentially complementary platform for pre-clinical compound screening to aid the drug discovery process for translational stroke research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors introduce stroke and describe the issues associated with the current pre-clinical drug development pipeline and the advantages that zebrafish disease modeling can offer. Existing zebrafish models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are reviewed. Examples of how zebrafish models have been utilized for drug discovery in other disease disciplines are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Zebrafish disease modeling holds the capacity and potential to significantly enhance the stroke drug development pipeline. However, for this system to be more widely accepted and incorporated into translational stroke research, continued improvement of the existing zebrafish stroke models, as well as focussed collaboration between zebrafish and stroke researchers, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crilly
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily McMahon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul R Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Liu Y, Bai Q, Yong VW, Xue M. EMMPRIN Promotes the Expression of MMP-9 and Exacerbates Neurological Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2383-2395. [PMID: 35608790 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been shown to be a vital inflammatory mediator in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of EMMPRIN in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unexplored. In this study, we aimed to exploit a highly selective monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody to functionally inhibit EMMPRIN activity and thus that of MMPs as the downstream effector. To induce ICH pathology, adult C57BL/6 male mice were injected with collagenase type VII or saline as control into the right basal ganglia and were euthanized at different time points. The anti-EMMPRIN monoclonal antibody was intravenously injected once daily for 3 days to block the expression of EMMPRIN initiating at 4 h post-ICH. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis results revealed that EMMPRIN expression was significantly increased surrounding the hematoma at 3 and 7 d time points after ICH when compared to the saline treated control group. EMMPRIN expression was co-localized with GFAP (astrocytes) and Iba1 (microglia) at 3 d time point post-ICH, but not in the control group mice. The co-localization of EMMPRIN with CD31 in endothelial cells occurred in both groups and was higher in the ICH brain. However, EMMPRIN expression was not detected in neurons from either group. The inhibition of EMMPRIN reduced the expression of MMP-9, the number of infiltrated neutrophils, the degree of brain injury and promoted neurological recovery after ICH. In conclusion, EMMPRIN could mediate the upregulation of MMP-9 and exacerbate neurological dysfunction in a mouse model of experimental ICH. Furthermore, blocking EMMPRIN reduced brain injury and subsequently promoted neurological recovery in ICH mice brains. These outcomes highlight that inhibition of EMMPRIN can be a potential therapeutic intervention strategy to regulate MMP-9's pathological roles during ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Wang B, Li X, Yu N, Yang L, Nan C, Guo L, Zhao Z. Intracerebral hemorrhage alters α2δ1 and thrombospondin expression in rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:327. [PMID: 35386622 PMCID: PMC8972837 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit (α2δ1) is a non-essential subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel complex and is ubiquitously expressed in a number of tissues, including the brain. Thrombospondin (TSP)1 and TSP2 are extracellular matrix proteins and belong to the multi-domain glycoprotein family of macromolecular oligomers. TSP1/2 and α2δ1 promote synapse formation and functional recovery following cerebral infarction. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression levels of α2δ1 and TSP1/2 in brain tissues, and the effects of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on these levels have not yet been elucidated. The present study established a rat model of hemorrhage induced by injecting collagenase IV into the striatum to determine the changes in α2δ1 and TSP1/2 expression following ICH. The protein expression levels of α2δ1 and TSP1 in the striatum after hemorrhage were significantly increased on day 5 and returned to baseline levels on day 21; however, the protein expression levels of TSP2 were decreased on day 5, whereas they increased on day 14, subsequently returning to baseline levels. In addition, using proteomics analysis of tissues from the sham group (saline injection) and at 24 h post-ICH, it was found that both α2δ1 and TSP1 interacted with neural EGFL like 2. Taken together, these findings suggested that the expression levels of α2δ1 and TSP1/2 were altered in brain tissues in response to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lisi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Heidarzadegan AR, Zarifkar A, Sotoudeh N, Namavar MR, Zarifkar AH. Different paradigms of transcranial electrical stimulation improve motor function impairment and striatum tissue injuries in the collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:6. [PMID: 35093027 PMCID: PMC8801075 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the horizon of therapeutic restrictions in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), recently, non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has achieved considerable prosperities. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the other types of tES remain potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stabilize cognitive and motor impairments.
Objective
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of the four main paradigms of tES, including tDCS, transcranial alternating (tACS), pulsed (tPCS), and random noise (tRNS) stimulations on collagenase-induced sensorimotor impairments and striatum tissue damage in male rats.
Methods
To induce ICH, 0.5 μl of collagenase was injected into the right striatum of male Sprague Dawley rats. One day after surgery, tES, was applied to the animals for seven consecutive days. Motor functions were appraised by neurological deficit score, rotarod, and wire hanging tests on the day before surgery and postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. After behavioral tests, brain tissue was prepared appropriately to perform the stereological evaluations.
Results
The results indicated that the application of the four tES paradigms (tDCS, tACS, tRNS, and tPCS) significantly reversed motor disorders in collagenase-induced ICH groups. Further, the motor function improvement of tACS and tRNS receiving rats in wire-hanging and rotarod tests were higher than the other two tES receiving groups. Structural changes and stereological assessments also confirmed the results of behavioral functions.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that in addition to tDCS application in the treatment of ICH, other tES paradigms, especially tACS and tRNS may be considered as add-on therapeutic strategies in stroke.
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Mao S, Huang H, Chen X. lncRNA H19 Aggravates Brain Injury in Rats following Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage via NF- κB Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3017312. [PMID: 35075368 PMCID: PMC8783741 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3017312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of long noncoding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) on brain injury in rats following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS Rat ICH model was established with type IV collagenase. The neurological function scores were evaluated, and the water content in brain tissue was measured. The nerve injury indexes, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indexes were also measured. Moreover, the expression of lncRNA H19 was determined by qRT-PCR, and Western blot detected NF-κB pathway-related protein expression. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the neurological function scores, the water content in brain tissue, and levels of injury indicators myelin basic protein (MBP), S-100B, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the ICH rats were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ROS, and MDA were significantly increased, but the levels of SOD were significantly decreased. In addition, the expression of lncRNA H19 in the brain tissue in the ICH group was significantly higher than that in the sham group. After further interference with lncRNA H19 expression (sh-H19 group), the levels of all the above indicators were reversed and the neurological damage was improved. Western blot results showed that the expression of NF-κBp65 and IKKβ was significantly higher, and IκBα expression was lower in the perivascular hematoma tissue in the ICH group compared with the sham group. Compared with the sh-NC group, NF-κBp65 and IKKβ expression were significantly lower and IκBα was significantly higher in the sh-H19 group. CONCLUSION lncRNA H19 exacerbated brain injury in rats with ICH by promoting neurological impairment, brain edema, and releasing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. This may be related to the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidong Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202157, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202157, China
| | - Xianzheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
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Aronowski J, Sansing LH, Xi G, Zhang JH. Mechanisms of Damage After Cerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen Y, Chang J, Wei J, Feng M, Wang R. Assessing the Evolution of Intracranial Hematomas by using Animal Models: A Review of the Progress and the Challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2205-2214. [PMID: 34417943 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has become the second leading cause of death in people aged higher than 60 years, with cancer being the first. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal type of stroke. Using imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of intracranial hematomas in patients with hemorrhagic stroke is worthy of ongoing research. The difficulty in obtaining ultra-early imaging data and conducting intensive dynamic radiographic imaging in actual clinical settings has led to the application of experimental animal models to assess the evolution of intracranial hematomas. Herein, we review the current knowledge on primary intracerebral hemorrhage mechanisms, focus on the progress of animal studies related to hematoma development and secondary brain injury, introduce preclinical therapies, and summarize related challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Higo N. Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:760311. [PMID: 34819842 PMCID: PMC8606408 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.760311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain has the ability to reconstruct neural structures and functions to compensate for the brain lesions caused by stroke, although it is highly limited in primates including humans. Animal studies in which experimental lesions were induced in the brain have contributed to the current understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying functional recovery. Here, I have highlighted recent advances in non-human primate models using primate species such as macaques and marmosets, most of which have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying the recovery of motor functions after stroke. Cortical lesion models have been used to investigate motor recovery after lesions to the cortical areas involved in movements of specific body parts. Models of a focal stroke at the posterior internal capsule have also been developed to bridge the gap between the knowledge obtained by cortical lesion models and the development of intervention strategies because the severity and outcome of motor deficits depend on the degree of lesions to the region. This review will also introduce other stroke models designed to study the plastic changes associated with development and recovery from cognitive and sensory impairments. Although further validation and careful interpretation are required, considering the differences between non-human primate brains and human brains, studies using brain-lesioned non-human primates offer promise for improving translational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Higo
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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Zhang H, Huang Y, Li X, Han X, Hu J, Wang B, Zhang L, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Dynamic Process of Secondary Pulmonary Infection in Mice With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767155. [PMID: 34868020 PMCID: PMC8639885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common central nervous system disease in clinical practice. Stroke patients often have infectious complications, such as pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. Although it has been shown that translocation of the host gut microbiota to the lungs and immune dysfunction plays a vital role in the development of infection after ischemic stroke, the occurrence and mechanism of pulmonary infection at different time points after hemorrhagic cerebral remain unclear. In this study, the changes in the immune system and intestinal barrier function in mice during disease development were investigated at 1 day (M 1 d), 3 days (M 3 d) and 7 days (M 7 d) following hemorrhagic stroke to clarify the mechanism of secondary pulmonary infection. The experimental results revealed that after hemorrhagic stroke, model mice showed increased brain damage from day 1 to 3, followed by a trend of brain recovery from day 3 to 7 . After hemorrhagic stroke, the immune system was disturbed in model mice. Significant immunosuppression of the peripheral immune system was observed in the M 3 d group but improved in the M 7 d group. Staining of lung tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and for inflammatory factors revealed considerable disease and immune disorders in the M 7 d group. Stroke seriously impaired intestinal barrier function in mice and significantly changed the small intestine structure. From 1 to 7 d after stroke, intestinal permeability was increased, whereas the levels of markers for intestinal tight junctions, mucus and immunoglobulin A were decreased. Analysis based on 16S rRNA suggested that the microflora in the lung and ileum was significantly altered after stroke. The composition of microflora in lung and ileum tissue was similar in the M 7d group, suggesting that intestinal bacteria had migrated to lung tissue and caused lung infection at this time point after hemorrhagic stroke. In stroke mice, the aggravation of intestinal barrier dysfunction and immune disorders after intracerebral hemorrhage, promoted the migration of enteric bacteria, and increased the risk of pneumonia poststroke. Our findings reveal the dynamic process of infection after hemorrhagic stroke and provide clues for the optimal timing of intervention for secondary pulmonary infection in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Hua Y, Zhou L, Yang W, An W, Kou X, Ren J, Su H, Chen R, Zhang Z, Zou J, Zhao Z. Y-2 reduces oxidative stress and inflammation and improves neurological function of collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174507. [PMID: 34536364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease, and there is currently no specific pharmacological treatment that can improve clinical outcomes. Y-2 sublingual tablets, each containing 30 mg edaravone and 6 mg (+)-borneol, is undergoing a phase III clinical trial for treatment of ischemic stroke in China. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of Y-2 in a rat model of collagenase IV injection induced ICH. Sublingual administration of Y-2 at the dose of 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg improved ICH-induced sensorimotor dysfunction, alleviated cell death and histopathological change, restored the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), reduced brain edema and maintained blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrality in ICH rats. Further study demonstrated that Y-2 could reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1), inflammatory cytokines and oxidative products, inhibit transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) expression in brain tissue around in the core regions of hematoma. Importantly, the protective efficacy of Y-2 from ICH-induced injury was superior to edaravone. In conclusion, Y-2 sublingual tablets might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hua
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Limei Zhou
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Wenji An
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Xiaolin Kou
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Jian Ren
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Hailang Su
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Rong Chen
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211199, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, No.699-18, Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China.
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Neuroprotection of minocycline by inhibition of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136297. [PMID: 34666120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological dysfunction and a medical emergency with a high mortality rate. Minocycline ameliorates deficits in rodent models of acute and chronic neurological diseases. However, the role of minocycline in ICH remains unclear. The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a key inflammatory mediator in some neurological diseases, triggering matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production. In this study, we aimed to use minocycline to inhibit EMMPRIN and thus the activity of MMPs. Male adult C57BL/6 mice were injected with collagenase type VII or saline into the right basal ganglia and euthanized at different time points. The minocycline was intraperitoneally injected once every 12 h for three days to block the expression of EMMPRIN from two hours after ICH. We found that breakdown of the BBB was most severe 3 days after ICH. The minocycline treatment significantly decreased EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression, reduced zonula occludens-1 and occludin, and alleviated BBB disruption. Moreover, minocycline treatment displayed a lower brain water content, lesser neurological dysfunction, and smaller injury volume on day 3 than those of the vehicle-treated group. Minocycline also inhibited the activation of microglia/macrophages, infiltration of neutrophils, and production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta. The current study shows that minocycline exhibits protective roles in ICH by decreasing EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression, alleviating BBB disruption, inhibiting neuroinflammation, areducing neuronal degeneration and death.
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Wang D, Chen B. Comment on: "The Treatment of Capsular Contracture Around Breast Implants Induced by Fractionated Irradiation: The Collagenase of the Bacterium Clostridium Histolyticum as a Novel Therapeutic Approach". Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2523-2524. [PMID: 33797577 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Animal models are indispensable tools that can mimic stroke processes and can be used for investigating mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic regimens. As a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology, mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is impossible. Each model has unique strengths and weaknesses. Models such as transient or permanent intraluminal thread occlusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models and thromboembolic models are the most commonly used in simulating human ischemic stroke. The endovascular filament occlusion model is characterized by easy manipulation and accurately controllable reperfusion and is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury. Although the reproducibility of the embolic model is poor, it is more convenient for investigating thrombolysis. Rats are the most frequently used animal model for stroke. This review mainly outlines the stroke models of rats and discusses their strengths and shortcomings in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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Li J, Wu X, He Y, Wu S, Guo E, Feng Y, Yang J, Li J. PINK1 antagonize intracerebral hemorrhage by promoting mitochondrial autophagy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1951-1960. [PMID: 34453779 PMCID: PMC8528457 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes neurotransmitter release, oligemia, membrane depolarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and results in the high rate of mortality and functional disability. Here, we focus on PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondrial-targeted protein kinase, and explore its role in ICH progression. METHODS The qPCR and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of PINK1 in ICH patients and mouse model. PINK1 gain- and loss-of-function mice were used to evaluate their protective role on brain injury and behavioral disorders. Flow cytometry was carried out, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production were detected to explore the distribution and neuroprotective function of PINK1. RESULTS PINK1 mRNA was upregulated, however, its protein was downregulated in ICH patients. The reduction of PINK1 was mainly happened in microglial cells in ICH model. Overexpression of PINK1 is able to rescue ICH-induced behavioral disorders. PINK1 protects ICH-induced brain injury by promoting mitochondrial autophagy in microglia. CONCLUSION PINK1 possesses a neuroprotective role and antagonizes ICH by promoting mitochondrial autophagy, which may be of value as a therapeutic target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of Geriatric, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanbo He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang County, Hebei, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenze County Hospital, Shenze County, Hebei, China
| | - Erkun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jipeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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