1
|
Luque LM, Carlevaro CM, Llamoza Torres CJ, Lomba E. Physics-based tissue simulator to model multicellular systems: A study of liver regeneration and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010920. [PMID: 36877741 PMCID: PMC10019748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a multiagent-based model that captures the interactions between different types of cells with their microenvironment, and enables the analysis of the emergent global behavior during tissue regeneration and tumor development. Using this model, we are able to reproduce the temporal dynamics of regular healthy cells and cancer cells, as well as the evolution of their three-dimensional spatial distributions. By tuning the system with the characteristics of the individual patients, our model reproduces a variety of spatial patterns of tissue regeneration and tumor growth, resembling those found in clinical imaging or biopsies. In order to calibrate and validate our model we study the process of liver regeneration after surgical hepatectomy in different degrees. In the clinical context, our model is able to predict the recurrence of a hepatocellular carcinoma after a 70% partial hepatectomy. The outcomes of our simulations are in agreement with experimental and clinical observations. By fitting the model parameters to specific patient factors, it might well become a useful platform for hypotheses testing in treatments protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Melina Luque
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos - CONICET. La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (LML); (CMC)
| | - Carlos Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos - CONICET. La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (LML); (CMC)
| | | | - Enrique Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano - CSIC. Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
TAVAKOLI NASIMNIK, HARRIS ANGIEK, SULLIVAN DAVIDR, HAMBLY BRETTD, BAO SHISAN. Interferon-γ deficiency reduces neointimal formation in a model of endoluminal endothelial injury combined with atherogenic diet. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:545-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
4
|
PTU-induced hypothyroidism modulates antioxidant defence status in the developing cerebellum. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 28:251-62. [PMID: 20123122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on oxidative stress parameters, expression of antioxidant defence enzymes, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the developing cerebellum. PTU challenged neonates showed significant decrease in serum T(3) and T(4) levels and marked increase in TSH levels. Significantly elevated levels of cerebellar H(2)O(2) and lipid peroxidation were observed in 7 days old hypothyroid rats, along with increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and decline in catalase activity. In 30 days old hypothyroid rats, a significant decline in cerebellar lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and expression was observed along with an up-regulation in catalase activity and expression. Expression of antioxidant enzymes was studied by Western blot and semi-quantitative rt-PCR. A distinct increase in cell proliferation as indicated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity was observed in the internal granular layer of cerebellum of 7 days old hypothyroid rats and significant drop in PCNA positive cells in the cerebellar molecular layer and internal granular layer of 30 days old PTU treated rats as compared to controls. In situ end labeling by TUNEL assay showed increased apoptosis in cerebellum of hypothyroid rats in comparison to controls. These results suggest that the antioxidant defence system of the developing cerebellum is sensitive to thyroid hormone deficiency and consequent alterations in oxidative stress status may play a role in regulation of cell proliferation of the cerebellum during neonatal brain development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Punchard MA, O'Cearbhaill ED, Mackle JN, McHugh PE, Smith TJ, Stenson-Cox C, Barron V. Evaluation of Human Endothelial Cells Post Stent Deployment in a Cardiovascular Simulator In Vitro. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:1322-30. [PMID: 19408120 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Punchard
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Orbsen Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakamura T, Ueno T, Sakamoto M, Sakata R, Torimura T, Hashimoto O, Ueno H, Sata M. Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta results in upregulation of transcription of regeneration factors after chronic liver injury. J Hepatol 2004; 41:974-82. [PMID: 15582131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine the effects of dominant-negative TGF-beta receptor expression during liver regeneration in rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury. METHODS Rats were first treated with DMN for 3 weeks, and then intravenously injected once with AdTbeta-TR, AdLacZ, or saline. Serial changes in hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-Ki67 antibody, and TUNEL staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of regeneration factors (HGF, TGF-alpha, EGF, and IGF-I) and IL-6 were evaluated by real-time PCR and northern blotting. RESULTS Anti-TGF-beta molecular intervention up-regulated hepatocyte proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In the AdTbeta-TR-treated rats, EGF and IGF-I mRNA expression levels were significantly increased at day 1 and remained high for 3 days after gene transfer; TGF-alpha mRNA expression levels were significantly increased at 2 to 5 days after gene transfer; HGF mRNA expression levels were significantly up-regulated at day 2 only after gene transfer; while IL-6 mRNA expression level tended to increase at day 1, but decreased thereafter. CONCLUSIONS In rats with DMN-induced liver injury, anti-TGF-beta molecular intervention therapy stimulates proliferation and reduces apoptosis of hepatocytes, and also up-regulates the transcription of various growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakamura
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jensen L, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2004; 557:571-82. [PMID: 15020701 PMCID: PMC1665084 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.057711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of intense training on endothelial proliferation, capillary growth and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was examined in human skeletal muscle. Two intermittent knee extensor training protocols (at approximately 150% (Study 1) versus approximately 90% (Study 2) of leg (O(2) max)) were conducted. Muscle biopsies were obtained throughout the training periods for immunohistochemical assessment of capillarization, cell proliferation (Ki-67-positive cells), VEGF and bFGF. In Study 1, microdialysis samples were collected from the trained and untrained leg at rest and during exercise and added to endothelial cells to measure the proliferative effect. After 4 weeks of training there was a higher (P < 0.05) capillary-to-fibre ratio (Study 1: 2.4 +/- 0.1 versus 1.7 +/- 0.1) and number of Ki-67-positive cells (Study 1: 0.18 +/- 0.05 versus 0.00 +/- 0.01) than before training. Neither the location of proliferating endothelial cells nor capillarization was related to muscle fibre type. The endothelial cell proliferative effect of the muscle microdialysate increased from rest to exercise in both the untrained leg (from 262 +/- 60 to 573 +/- 87% of control perfusate) and the trained leg (from 303 +/- 75 to 415 +/- 108% of perfusate). VEGF and bFGF were localized in endothelial and skeletal muscle cells and training induced no changes in distribution. The results demonstrate that intense intermittent endurance training induces capillary growth and a transient proliferation of endothelial cells within 4 weeks, with a similar growth occurring around type I versus type II muscle fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jensen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Institute of Exercise and Sport Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nili N, Cheema AN, Giordano FJ, Barolet AW, Babaei S, Hickey R, Eskandarian MR, Smeets M, Butany J, Pasterkamp G, Strauss BH. Decorin inhibition of PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function: potential mechanism for inhibition of intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 163:869-78. [PMID: 12937128 PMCID: PMC1868258 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decorin is a small proteoglycan that binds to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and inhibits its activity. However, its interaction with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), involved in arterial repair after injury, is not well characterized. The objectives of this study were to assess decorin-PDGF and decorin-PDGF receptor (PDGFR) interactions, the in vitro effects of decorin on PDGF-stimulated smooth muscle cell (SMC) functions and the in vivo effects of decorin overexpression on arterial repair in a rabbit carotid balloon-injury model. Decorin binding to PDGF was demonstrated by solid-phase binding and affinity cross-linking assays. Decorin potently inhibited PDGF-stimulated PDGFR phosphorylation. Pretreatment of rabbit aortic SMC with decorin significantly inhibited PDGF-stimulated cell migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Decorin overexpression by adenoviral-mediated gene transfection in balloon-injured carotid arteries significantly decreased intimal cross-sectional area and collagen content by approximately 50% at 10 weeks compared to beta-galactosidase-transfected or balloon-injured, non-transfected controls. This study shows that decorin binds to PDGF and inhibits its stimulatory activity on SMCs by preventing PDGFR phosphorylation. Decorin overexpression reduces intimal hyperplasia and collagen content after arterial injury. Decorin may be an effective therapy for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Nili
- Roy and Ann Foss Interventional Cardiology Research Program, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chung IM, Gold HK, Schwartz SM, Ikari Y, Reidy MA, Wight TN. Enhanced extracellular matrix accumulation in restenosis of coronary arteries after stent deployment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:2072-81. [PMID: 12505216 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the cellular and extracellular composition of human coronary arterial in-stent restenosis after various periods of time following stent deployment. BACKGROUND Neointimal in-growth rather than stent recoil is thought to be important for coronary arterial in-stent restenosis. There is only limited data on the cellular and extracellular composition changes with time after stent deployment. METHODS We analyzed 29 coronary arterial in-stent restenotic tissue samples (14 left anterior descending coronary artery, 10 right coronary artery, and 5 left circumflex artery) retrieved by using directional coronary atherectomy from 25 patients at 0.5 to 23 (mean, 5.7) months after deployment of Palmaz-Schatz stents employing histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. RESULTS Cell proliferation was low (0% to 4%). Myxoid tissue containing extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched with proteoglycans was found in 69% of cases and decreased over time after stenting. Cell-depleted areas were found in 57% of cases and increased with time after stenting. Versican, biglycan, perlecan, and hyaluronan were present with varying individual distributions in all samples. Positive transforming growth factor-beta1 staining was found in 80% of cases. Immunostaining with alpha-smooth muscle actin identified the majority of cells as smooth muscle cells with occasional macrophages present (< or =12 cells per section). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that enhanced ECM accumulation rather than cell proliferation contribute to later stages of in-stent restenosis. Balloon angioplasty of in-stent restenosis may, therefore, fail due to ECM changes during: 1) additional stent expansion, 2) tissue extrusion out of the stent, or 3) tissue compression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ick-Mo Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Finking G, Krauss N, Römer S, Eckert S, Lenz C, Kamenz J, Menke A, Brehme U, Hombach V, Hanke H. 17beta-estradiol, gender independently, reduces atheroma development but not neointimal proliferation after balloon injury in the rabbit aorta. Atherosclerosis 2001; 154:39-49. [PMID: 11137081 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate anti-proliferative and anti-atherogenic properties of 17beta-estradiol in balloon injured female and male rabbit aortae. Thirty-two female and 32 male New Zealand White rabbits where gonadectomised. Vascular injury was performed with a balloon catheter in the lower abdominal aorta. Male and female rabbits were randomised into four groups of eight animals each. Only two of four groups received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet. One cholesterol-diet group and one normal-diet group received intramuscular injections of estradiol valerate (1 mg/kg body weight/week). After 28 days, the denuded part of the abdominal aorta was excised and analysed by morphometry and immunohistochemistry. Estrogen treatment did not show an inhibitory effect on neointimal proliferation in normo-cholesterolemic male or female rabbits. A gender independent inhibitory effect of 17beta-estradiol was seen on atheroma development in cholesterol-fed female and male rabbits, while plasma total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in male rabbits only. The 17beta-estradiol treatment was associated with a significantly decreased number of luminal endothelial cells in normo and hyper-cholesterolemic female rabbits, as evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for 'von Willebrand factor'. Staining for Ki-67-positive proliferating cells after 28 days showed a statistically significant increased proliferative activity in the neointima of hyper-cholesterolemic female rabbits. The neointimal content of macrophages increased significantly in all hyper-cholesterolemic rabbits. Under 17beta-estradiol treatment, the number of macrophages was increased in female and decreased in male rabbits by tendency. Additionally, the 'classical' vascular estrogen receptor was present in both female and male rabbit aortae without statistically significant differences. In conclusion, 17beta-estradiol did not reduce post-injury neointima formation in normo-cholesterolemic rabbits. However, in hyper-cholesterolemic rabbits, 17beta-estradiol reduced atheroma development gender independently. This effect cannot be explained by lowering of plasma cholesterol levels or endothelium-mediated pathways, and requires further investigation on, for example, antioxidative, antiproliferative or estrogen receptor mediated effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Finking
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakamura T, Sakata R, Ueno T, Sata M, Ueno H. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta prevents progression of liver fibrosis and enhances hepatocyte regeneration in dimethylnitrosamine-treated rats. Hepatology 2000; 32:247-55. [PMID: 10915731 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2000.9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) molecular intervention can halt the progression of liver fibrosis in rats. To block TGF-beta action in a specific manner, we prepared an adenovirus expressing a truncated type II TGF-beta receptor (AdTbeta-TR), which specifically inhibits TGF-beta signaling as a dominant-negative receptor. We also used an adenovirus expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ) as a control adenovirus. Rats were treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 weeks; then, AdTbeta-TR, AdLacZ, or saline was intravenously applied once, followed by an additional 3-week DMN treatment. The ratio between the truncated receptor and the wild-type receptor at the mRNA level was 15 at 1 week and 10 at 3 weeks after gene transfer. Immunohistostaining analysis showed that the truncated receptor was expressed mainly in septal cells including hepatic stellate cells. Liver fibrosis, as assessed by histology, hydroxyproline content, and the serum level of hyaluronic acid, progressed during the additional 3-week DMN treatment. However, in rats infected with AdTbeta-TR, the fibrosis remained at the level seen in rats given DMN for only 3 weeks. All AdTbeta-TR-treated rats remained alive, whereas DMN-treated rats infused with either AdLacZ or saline died of liver dysfunction. In the livers of AdTbeta-TR-treated rats, electron microscopy showed: 1) less accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the Disse's spaces; 2) regenerated hepatocytes; and 3) fat droplet-rich "quiescent" hepatic stellate cells. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta plays a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, and suggest that anti-TGF-beta intervention should be therapeutic in already-established fibrotic livers, not only by suppressing fibrosis, but by facilitating hepatocyte regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The cell cycle is a complex process that involves numerous regulatory proteins that direct the cell through a specific sequence of events culminating in mitosis and the production of two daughter cells. Central to this process are the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which complex with the cyclin proteins. These proteins regulate the cell's progression through the stages of the cell cycle and are in turn regulated by numerous proteins, including p53, p21, p16, and cdc25. Downstream targets of cyclin-cdk complexes include pRb and E2F. The cell cycle can be altered to the advantage of many viral agents, most notably polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses, and adenoviruses. The cell cycle often is dysregulated in neoplasia due to alterations either in oncogenes that indirectly affect the cell cycle or in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes that directly impact cell cycle regulation, such as pRb, p53, p16, cyclin D1, or mdm-2. The cell cycle has become an intense subject of research in recent years. This research has led to the development of techniques useful for the determination of the effects of drugs and toxins on the cell cycle. Any drug or toxin with DNA damaging ability would be expected to alter cell cycle progression, and therefore, the cell cycle should be considered in the design of studies using such chemicals. With the appropriate techniques, cell cycle alterations may also be detected in tissue sections. Because of the ubiquitous nature of the cell cycle, it deserves consideration in the design and interpretation of studies in a wide variety of disciplines.
Collapse
|
13
|
Finking G, Hanke H. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow (1885-1964) established the cholesterol-fed rabbit as a model for atherosclerosis research. Atherosclerosis 1997; 135:1-7. [PMID: 9395267 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cholesterol-fed rabbit is a widely used model for experimental atherosclerosis research. In regard to this, one name is periodically mentioned: Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow. Those infrequent reminders of an important name in modern medical history do not pay an adequate tribute to basic findings concerning the pathology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In contrast to research groups at that time conducting experiments with protein enriched diets, Anitschkow demonstrated, in 1913 in St. Petersburg, that it was cholesterol only that caused these atherosclerotic changes in the rabbit arterial intima, which was very similar to human atherosclerosis. By analysing the plaque's development and histology, Anitschkow was able to identify the cell types, on which modern atherosclerosis research is now focussing with a new set of immunohistochemical methods: smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. He noted early (fatty streaks) and advanced (atheromatous plaques) lesions and, by standardizing cholesterol feeding, he discovered that the amount of cholesterol uptake was directly proportional to the degree of atherosclerosis formation. His explanation for this observation was what modern terminology calls 'response-to-injury'. With modern immunohistochemical and molecular-biological methods, the cholesterol-fed rabbit can be used to investigate the pathophysiological aspects which also contribute to human atherosclerosis, such as lipoproteins, diabetes, mitogens, growth-factors, adhesion molecules, endothelial-function, receptor-pathways or platelets. This model can be combined with a number of other methods causing endothelial dysfunction and injury, such as balloon denudation, electric stimulation, cuff implantation, artificial hypertension, diabetes or infection. Bred strains of hereditary hypercholesterolemic rabbits or those resistant to a cholesterol-diet provide further possibilities to expand experimental designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Finking
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|