1
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Featherby SJ, Ettelaie C. Endothelial-derived microvesicles promote pro-migratory cross-talk with smooth muscle cells by a mechanism requiring tissue factor and PAR2 activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1365008. [PMID: 38966751 PMCID: PMC11222581 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1365008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microvesicles (MV) released by endothelial cells (EC) following injury or inflammation contain tissue factor (TF) and mediate communication with the underlying smooth muscle cells (SMC). Ser253-phosphorylated TF co-localizes with filamin A at the leading edge of migrating SMC. In this study, the influence of endothelial-derived TF-MV, on human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC) migration was examined. Methods and Results MV derived from human coronary artery EC (HCAEC) expressing TFWt accelerated HCASMC migration, but was lower with cytoplasmic domain-deleted TF. Furthermore, incubation with TFAsp253-MV, or expression of TFAsp253 in HCASMC, reduced cell migration. Blocking TF-factor VIIa (TF-fVIIa) procoagulant/protease activity, or inhibiting PAR2 signaling on HCASMC, abolished the accelerated migration. Incubation with fVIIa alone increased HCASMC migration, but was significantly enhanced on supplementation with TF. Neither recombinant TF alone, factor Xa, nor PAR2-activating peptide (SLIGKV) influenced cell migration. In other experiments, HCASMC were transfected with peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of TF prior to stimulation with TF-fVIIa. Cell migration was suppressed only when the peptides were phosphorylated at position of Ser253. Expression of mutant forms of filamin A in HCASMC indicated that the enhancement of migration by TF but not by PDGF-BB, was dependent on the presence of repeat-24 within filamin A. Incubation of HCASMC with TFWt-MV significantly reduced the levels of Smoothelin-B protein, and upregulated FAK expression. Discussion In conclusion, Ser253-phosphorylated TF and fVIIa released as MV-cargo by EC, act in conjunction with PAR2 on SMC to promote migration and may be crucial for normal arterial homeostasis as well as, during development of vascular disease.
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2
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Soós AÁ, Kelemen A, Orosz A, Szvicsek Z, Tölgyes T, Dede K, Bursics A, Wiener Z. High CD142 Level Marks Tumor-Promoting Fibroblasts with Targeting Potential in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11585. [PMID: 37511344 PMCID: PMC10381019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) induces an aggressive, stem-like phenotype in tumor cells, and it indicates a poor prognosis. However, cellular heterogeneity among CAFs and the targeting of both stromal and CRC cells are not yet well resolved. Here, we identified CD142high fibroblasts with a higher stimulating effect on CRC cell proliferation via secreting more hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) compared to CD142low CAFs. We also found that combinations of inhibitors that had either a promising effect in other cancer types or are more active in CRC compared to normal colonic epithelium acted synergistically in CRC cells. Importantly, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor selected against CD142high fibroblasts, and both CRC cells and CAFs were sensitive to a BCL-xL inhibitor. However, targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) was ineffective in fibroblasts, and an epigenetic inhibitor selected for a tumor cell population with markers of aggressive behavior. Thus, we suggest BCL-xL and HSP90 inhibitors to eliminate cancer cells and decrease the tumor-promoting CD142high CAF population. This may be the basis of a strategy to target both CRC cells and stromal fibroblasts, resulting in the inhibition of tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Áron Soós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Andrea Kelemen
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adrián Orosz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Szvicsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamás Tölgyes
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Attila Bursics
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
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3
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Hassan N, Bückreiß N, Efing J, Schulz-Fincke M, König P, Greve B, Bendas G, Götte M. The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-1 Triggers Breast Cancer Cell-Induced Coagulability by Induced Expression of Tissue Factor. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060910. [PMID: 36980251 PMCID: PMC10047229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Sdc-1 knockdown results in reduced angiogenesis and the dysregulation of tissue factor (TF) pathway constituents. Here, we evaluate the regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of the Sdc-1/TF-axis using Sdc-1 knockdown and overexpression approaches in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Gene expression was analyzed by means of qPCR. Thrombin generation and cell migration were detected. Cell-cycle progression and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. In MDA-MB-231 cells, IL6, IL8, VEGF, and IGFR-dependent signaling affected TF pathway expression depending on Sdc-1. Notably, Sdc-1 depletion and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) synergistically affected PTEN, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling. At the functional level, the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of TFPI depended on Sdc-1, whereas Sdc-1’s modulation of cell motility was not affected by TFPI. Sdc-1 overexpression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells led to increased TF expression, inducing a procoagulative phenotype, as indicated by the activation of human platelets and increased thrombin formation. A novel understanding of the functional interplay between Sdc-1 and the TF pathway may be compatible with the classical co-receptor role of Sdc-1 in cytokine signaling. This opens up the possibility of a new functional understanding, with Sdc-1 fostering coagulation and platelet communication as the key to the hematogenous metastatic spread of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Nico Bückreiß
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janes Efing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Schulz-Fincke
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp König
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Hassan N, Efing J, Kiesel L, Bendas G, Götte M. The Tissue Factor Pathway in Cancer: Overview and Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051524. [PMID: 36900315 PMCID: PMC10001432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, the only focus on tissue factor (TF) in clinical pathophysiology has been on its function as the initiation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. This obsolete vessel-wall TF dogma is now being challenged by the findings that TF circulates throughout the body as a soluble form, a cell-associated protein, and a binding microparticle. Furthermore, it has been observed that TF is expressed by various cell types, including T-lymphocytes and platelets, and that certain pathological situations, such as chronic and acute inflammatory states, and cancer, may increase its expression and activity. Transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors can be proteolytically cleaved by the TF:FVIIa complex that develops when TF binds to Factor VII (PARs). The TF:FVIIa complex can activate integrins, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and PARs in addition to PARs. Cancer cells use these signaling pathways to promote cell division, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells. Proteoglycans play a crucial role in the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cellular extracellular matrix, where they control cellular behavior via interacting with transmembrane receptors. For TFPI.fXa complexes, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) may serve as the primary receptor for uptake and degradation. The regulation of TF expression, TF signaling mechanisms, their pathogenic effects, and their therapeutic targeting in cancer are all covered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Janes Efing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence:
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5
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Peach CJ, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Bunnett NW, Schmidt BL. Protease-activated receptors in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:717-785. [PMID: 35901239 PMCID: PMC9662810 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are signaling molecules that specifically control cellular functions by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs). The four known PARs are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. These transmembrane receptors control most physiological and pathological processes and are the target of a large proportion of therapeutic drugs. Signaling proteases include enzymes from the circulation; from immune, inflammatory epithelial, and cancer cells; as well as from commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of PARs provide insights into how diverse proteases activate these receptors to regulate physiological and pathological processes in most tissues and organ systems. The realization that proteases and PARs are key mediators of disease, coupled with advances in understanding the atomic level structure of PARs and their mechanisms of signaling in subcellular microdomains, has spurred the development of antagonists, some of which have advanced to the clinic. Herein we review the discovery, structure, and function of this receptor system, highlight the contribution of PARs to homeostatic control, and discuss the potential of PAR antagonists for the treatment of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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6
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Lee-Rivera I, López E, López-Colomé AM. Diversification of PAR signaling through receptor crosstalk. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:77. [PMID: 36088291 PMCID: PMC9463773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease activated receptors (PARs) are among the first receptors shown to transactivate other receptors: noticeably, these interactions are not limited to members of the same family, but involve receptors as diverse as receptor kinases, prostanoid receptors, purinergic receptors and ionic channels among others. In this review, we will focus on the evidence for PAR interactions with members of their own family, as well as with other types of receptors. We will discuss recent evidence as well as what we consider as emerging areas to explore; from the signalling pathways triggered, to the physiological and pathological relevance of these interactions, since this additional level of molecular cross-talk between receptors and signaling pathways is only beginning to be explored and represents a novel mechanism providing diversity to receptor function and play important roles in physiology and disease.
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7
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Åberg M, Edén D, Siegbahn A. Activation of β1 integrins and caveolin-1 by TF/FVIIa promotes IGF-1R signaling and cell survival. Apoptosis 2021; 25:519-534. [PMID: 32458278 PMCID: PMC7347522 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tissue factor/coagulation factor VIIa (TF/FVIIa) complex induces transactivation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in a number of different cell types. The mechanism is largely unknown. The transactivation leads to protection from apoptosis and nuclear translocation of the IGF-1R. The aim of this study was to clarify the signaling pathway between TF and IGF-1R after FVIIa treatment with PC3 and DU145 prostate or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as model systems. Protein interactions, levels, and phosphorylations were assessed by proximity ligation assay or flow cytometry in intact cells and by western blot on cell lysates. The transactivation of the IGF-1R was found dependent on TF/FVIIa-induced activation of β1-integrins. A series of experiments led to the conclusion that the caveolae protein caveolin-1 prevented IGF-1R activation in resting cells via its scaffolding domain. TF/FVIIa/β1-integrins terminated this inhibition by activation of Src family kinases and subsequent phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14. This phosphorylation was not seen after treatment with PAR1 or PAR2 agonists. Consequently, the protective effect of FVIIa against apoptosis induced by the death receptor agonist TRAIL and the de novo synthesis of cyclin D1 induced by nuclear IGF-1R accumulation were both significantly reduced by down-regulation of β1-integrins or overexpression of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain. In conclusion, we present a plausible mechanism for the interplay between TF and IGF-1R involving FVIIa, β1-integrins, Src family proteins, and caveolin-1. Our results increase the knowledge of diseases associated with TF and IGF-1R overexpression in general but specifically of TF-mediated signaling with focus on cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Entr. 61 3rd floor, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Desirée Edén
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Entr. 61 3rd floor, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Entr. 61 3rd floor, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Ethaeb AM, Mohammad MA, Madkhali Y, Featherby S, Maraveyas A, Greenman J, Ettelaie C. Accumulation of tissue factor in endothelial cells promotes cellular apoptosis through over-activation of Src1 and involves β1-integrin signalling. Apoptosis 2020; 25:29-41. [PMID: 31654241 PMCID: PMC6965344 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of tissue factor (TF) within cells leads to cellular apoptosis mediated through p38 and p53 pathways. In this study, the involvement of Src1 in the induction of TF-mediated cell apoptosis, and the mechanisms of Src1 activation were investigated. Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) were transfected with plasmids to express the wild-type TF (TFWt-tGFP), or a mutant (Ser253 → Ala) which is incapable of being released from cells (TFAla253-tGFP). The cells were then activated with PAR2-agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH) and the phosphorylation of Src and Rac, and also the kinase activity of Src were assessed. Transfected cells were also pre-incubated with pp60c Src inhibitor, FAK inhibitor-14, or a blocking anti-β1-integrin antibody prior to activation and the phosphorylation of p38 as well as cellular apoptosis was examined. Finally, cells were co-transfected with the plasmids, together with a Src1-specific siRNA, activated as above and the cellular apoptosis measured. Activation of PAR2 lead to the phosphorylation of Src1 and Rac1 proteins at 60 min regardless of TF expression. Moreover, Src phosphorylation and kinase activity was prolonged up to 100 min in the presence of TF, with a significantly higher magnitude when the non-releasable TFAla253-tGFP was expressed in HCAEC. Inhibition of Src with pp60c, or suppression of Src1 expression in cells, reduced p38 phosphorylation and prevented cellular apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of FAK had no significant influence on Src kinase activity or cellular apoptosis. Finally, pre-incubation of cells with an inhibitory anti-β1-integrin antibody reduced both Src1 activation and cellular apoptosis. Our data show for the first time that the over-activation of Src1 is a mediator of TF-induced cellular apoptosis in endothelial cells through a mechanism that is dependent on its interaction with β1-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Ethaeb
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq
| | | | - Yahya Madkhali
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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9
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Unruh D, Horbinski C. Beyond thrombosis: the impact of tissue factor signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32665005 PMCID: PMC7362520 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF:FVIIa complex can proteolytically cleave transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). In addition to activating PARs, TF:FVIIa complex can also activate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. These signaling pathways are utilized by tumors to increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Herein, we review in detail the regulation of TF expression, mechanisms of TF signaling, their pathological consequences, and how it is being targeted in experimental cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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10
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Han Y, Tian L, Ma F, Tesch G, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Lohman RJ, Morais C, Suen JY, Fairlie DP, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. Pharmacological inhibition of protease-activated receptor-2 reduces crescent formation in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:456-464. [PMID: 30811624 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular crescent formation is a hallmark of rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis. Thrombosis and macrophage infiltration are features of crescent formation in human and experimental kidney disease. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a G-protein coupled receptor that links coagulation and inflammation. This study investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of PAR-2 can suppress glomerular crescent formation in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN). Disease was induced in Wistar Kyoto rats by immunisation with sheep IgG followed by administration of sheep nephrotoxic serum. Rats (n = 8/group) received the PAR-2 antagonist (GB88, 10 mg/kg/p.o.), vehicle or no treatment starting 3 days before nephrotoxic serum injection and continuing until day 14. Vehicle and untreated rats developed thrombosis and macrophage infiltration in the glomerular tuft and Bowman's space in conjunction with prominent crescent formation. Activation of JNK signalling and proliferation in parietal epithelial cells was associated with crescent formation. GB88 treatment significantly reduced crescent formation with a substantial reduction in glomerular thrombosis, reduced macrophage infiltration in Bowman's space, and reduced activation of parietal epithelial cells. However, GB88 did not protect against the development of proteinuria, renal function impairment, inflammation or tubular cell damage in the NTN model. In conclusion, PAR-2 plays a specific role in glomerular crescent formation by promoting glomerular thrombosis, macrophage accumulation in Bowman's space and activation of parietal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Han
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lifang Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Frank Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Vesey
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rink-Jan Lohman
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Madarampalli B, Watts GFM, Panipinto PM, Nguygen HN, Brenner MB, Noss EH. Interactions between cadherin-11 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling link cell adhesion and proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1516-1524. [PMID: 30876808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic cell-to-cell adhesion molecules that help cells respond to environmental changes. Newly formed cadherin junctions are associated with increased cell phosphorylation, but the pathways driving this signaling response are largely unknown. Since cadherins have no intrinsic signaling activity, this phosphorylation must occur through interactions with other signaling molecules. We previously reported that cadherin-11 engagement activates joint synovial fibroblasts, promoting inflammatory and degradative pathways important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Our objective in this study was to discover interacting partners that mediate cadherin-11 signaling. Protein array screening showed that cadherin-11 extracellular binding domains linked to an Fc domain (cad11Fc) induced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR)-α phosphorylation in synovial fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. PDGFRs are growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases that promote cell proliferation, survival, and migration in mesodermally derived cells. Increased PDGFR activity is implicated in RA pathology and associates with poor prognosis in several cancers, including sarcoma and glioblastoma. PDGFRα activation by cadherin-11 signaling promoted fibroblast proliferation, a signaling pathway independent from cadherin-11-stimulated IL-6 or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 release. PDGFRα phosphorylation mediated most of the cad11Fc-induced phosphatidyl-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation, but only part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) response. PDGFRα-dependent signaling did not require cell cadherin-11 expression. Rather, cad11Fc immunoprecipitated PDGFRα, indicating a direct interaction between cadherin-11 and PDGFRα extracellular domains. This study is the first to report an interaction between cadherin-11 and PDGFRα and adds to our growing understanding that cadherin-growth factor receptor interactions help balance the interplay between tissue growth and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Madarampalli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98019, USA.
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Paul M Panipinto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98019, USA.
| | - Hung N Nguygen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Erika H Noss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98019, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Identification of the integrin-binding site on coagulation factor VIIa required for proangiogenic PAR2 signaling. Blood 2017; 131:674-685. [PMID: 29246902 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-768218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue factor (TF) pathway serves both hemostasis and cell signaling, but how cells control these divergent functions of TF remains incompletely understood. TF is the receptor and scaffold of coagulation proteases cleaving protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis and tumor development. Here we demonstrate that coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) elicits TF cytoplasmic domain-dependent proangiogenic cell signaling independent of the alternative PAR2 activator matriptase. We identify a Lys-Gly-Glu (KGE) integrin-binding motif in the FVIIa protease domain that is required for association of the TF-FVIIa complex with the active conformer of integrin β1. A point mutation in this motif markedly reduces TF-FVIIa association with integrins, attenuates integrin translocation into early endosomes, and reduces delayed mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation required for the induction of proangiogenic cytokines. Pharmacologic or genetic blockade of the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (arf6) that regulates integrin trafficking increases availability of TF-FVIIa with procoagulant activity on the cell surface, while inhibiting TF-FVIIa signaling that leads to proangiogenic cytokine expression and tumor cell migration. These experiments delineate the structural basis for the crosstalk of the TF-FVIIa complex with integrin trafficking and suggest a crucial role for endosomal PAR2 signaling in pathways of tissue repair and tumor biology.
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13
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Husted S, Wallentin L, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Bachmann F, Baigent C, Huber K, Jespersen J, Kristensen S, Lip GYH, Morais J, Rasmussen L, Siegbahn A, Verheugt FWA, Weitz JI, De Caterina R. General mechanisms of coagulation and targets of anticoagulants (Section I). Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:569-79. [PMID: 23447024 DOI: 10.1160/th12-10-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryContrary to previous models based on plasma, coagulation processes are currently believed to be mostly cell surface-based, including three overlapping phases: initiation, when tissue factor-expressing cells and microparticles are exposed to plasma; amplification, whereby small amounts of thrombin induce platelet activation and aggregation, and promote activation of factors (F)V, FVIII and FXI on platelet surfaces; and propagation, in which the Xase (tenase) and prothrombinase complexes are formed, producing a burst of thrombin and the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin. Thrombin exerts a number of additional biological actions, including platelet activation, amplification and self-inhibition of coagulation, clot stabilisation and anti-fibrinolysis, in processes occurring in the proximity of vessel injury, tightly regulated by a series of inhibitory mechanisms. ″Classical″ anticoagulants, including heparin and vitamin K antagonists, typically target multiple coagulation steps. A number of new anticoagulants, already developed or under development, target specific steps in the process, inhibiting a single coagulation factor or mimicking natural coagulation inhibitors.
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14
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Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor A Acts via Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α To Promote Viability of Cells Enduring Hypoxia. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2314-27. [PMID: 27325673 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGF) is a biologically and therapeutically important growth factor because it promotes angiogenesis in response to hypoxia, which underlies a wide variety of both physiological and pathological settings. We report here that both VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-positive and -negative cells depended on VEGF to endure hypoxia. VEGF enhanced the viability of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-positive and VEGFR2-negative cells by enabling indirect activation of PDGFRα, thereby reducing the level of p53. We conclude that the breadth of VEGF's influence extends beyond VEGFR-positive cells and propose a plausible mechanistic explanation of this phenomenon.
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15
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Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis remains a significant complication in the clinical management of cancer and interactions of the hemostatic system with cancer biology continue to be elucidated. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of tissue factor (TF) regulation and procoagulant activation, TF signaling in cancer and immune cells, and the expanding roles of the coagulation system in stem cell niches and the tumor microenvironment. The extravascular functions of coagulant and anti-coagulant pathways have significant implications not only for tumor progression, but also for the selection of appropriate target specific anticoagulants in the therapy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Andrea S Rothmeier
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudine Graf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; 3(rd) Medical Department, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Little PJ, Hollenberg MD, Kamato D, Thomas W, Chen J, Wang T, Zheng W, Osman N. Integrating the GPCR transactivation-dependent and biased signalling paradigms in the context of PAR1 signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2992-3000. [PMID: 26624252 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, receptor-mediated signalling was conceived as a linear process involving one agonist, a variety of potential targets within a receptor family (e.g. α- and β-adrenoceptors) and a second messenger (e.g. cAMP)-triggered response. If distinct responses were stimulated by the same receptor in different tissues (e.g. lipolysis in adipocytes vs. increased beating rate in the heart caused by adrenaline), the differences were attributed to different second messenger targets in the different tissues. It is now realized that an individual receptor can couple to multiple effectors (different G proteins and different β-arrestins), even in the same cell, to drive very distinct responses. Furthermore, tailored agonists can mould the receptor conformation to activate one signal pathway versus another by a process termed 'biased signalling'. Complicating issues further, we now know that activating one receptor can rapidly trigger the local release of agonists for a second receptor via a process termed 'transactivation'. Thus, the end response can represent a cooperative signalling process involving two or more receptors linked by transactivation. This overview, with a focus on the GPCR, protease-activated receptor-1, integrates both of these processes to predict the complex array of responses that can arise when biased receptor signalling also involves the receptor transactivation process. The therapeutic implications of this signalling matrix are also briefly discussed. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences and Diabetes Complications Group, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. .,Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - M D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D Kamato
- School of Medical Sciences and Diabetes Complications Group, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - W Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - J Chen
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Wang
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Osman
- School of Medical Sciences and Diabetes Complications Group, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Proteinase-activated receptor 1- and 4-promoted migration of Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells depends on ROS formation and RTK transactivation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:813-25. [PMID: 25373316 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence for a role of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, in cancer. We have previously shown that PAR1 and PAR4 are able to promote the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells suggesting a function in HCC progression. In this study, we assessed the underlying signalling mechanisms. METHODS Using Hep3B liver carcinoma cells, RTK activation was assessed by Western blot employing phospho-RTK specific antibodies, ROS level were estimated by H2DCF-DA using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and measurement of PTP activity was performed in cell lysates using 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (DiFMUP) as a substrate. RESULTS Thrombin, the PAR1 selective agonist peptide TFLLRN-NH2 (PAR1-AP), and the PAR4 selective agonist peptide, AYPGKF-NH2 (PAR4-AP), induced a significant increase in Hep3B cell migration that could be blocked by inhibitors targeting formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or activation of hepatocyte-growth factor receptor (Met), or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), respectively. The involvement of these intracellular effectors in PAR1/4-initiated migratory signalling was further supported by the findings that individual stimulation of Hep3B cells with the PAR1-AP and the PAR4-AP induced an increase in ROS production and the transactivation of Met and PDGFR. In addition, PAR1- and PAR4-mediated inhibition of total PTP activity and specifically PTP1B. ROS inhibition by N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented the inhibition of PTP1B phosphatase activity induced by PAR1-AP and the PAR4-AP, but had no effect on PAR1/4-mediated activation of Met and PDGFR in Hep3B cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that PAR1 and PAR4 activate common promigratory signalling pathways in Hep3B liver carcinoma cells including activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases Met and PDGFR, the formation of ROS and the inactivation of PTP1B. However, PAR1/4-triggered Met and PDGFR transactivation seem to be mediated independently from the ROS-PTP1B signalling module.
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18
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Eriksson O, Ramström M, Hörnaeus K, Bergquist J, Mokhtari D, Siegbahn A. The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors EphB2 and EphA2 are novel proteolytic substrates of tissue factor/coagulation factor VIIa. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32379-91. [PMID: 25281742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) binds the serine protease factor VIIa (FVIIa) to form a proteolytically active complex that can trigger coagulation or activate cell signaling. Here we addressed the involvement of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) in TF/FVIIa signaling by antibody array analysis and subsequently found that EphB2 and EphA2 of the Eph RTK family were cleaved in their ectodomains by TF/FVIIa. We used N-terminal Edman sequencing and LC-MS/MS analysis to characterize the cleaved Eph isoforms and identified a key arginine residue at the cleavage site, in agreement with the tryptic serine protease activity of FVIIa. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling and downstream coagulation activity was non-essential in this context, in further support of a direct cleavage by TF/FVIIa. EphB2 was cleaved by FVIIa concentrations in the subnanomolar range in a number of TF expressing cell types, indicating that the active cellular pool of TF was involved. FVIIa caused potentiation of cell repulsion by the EphB2 ligand ephrin-B1, demonstrating a novel proteolytical event to control Eph-mediated cell segregation. These results define Eph RTKs as novel proteolytical targets of TF/FVIIa and provide new insights into how TF/FVIIa regulates cellular functions independently of PAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Eriksson
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ramström
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hörnaeus
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Dariush Mokhtari
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
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19
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Demoulin JB, Essaghir A. PDGF receptor signaling networks in normal and cancer cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:273-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Zhao Y, Lv W, Piao H, Chu X, Wang H. Role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:254-60. [PMID: 24804810 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.908915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease characterized by enhanced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and suppressed apoptosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen involved in cell proliferation and migration. PDGF-BB induces the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and has been proposed to be a key mediator in the progression of PAH. Previous studies have shown that PDGF and its receptor are substantially elevated in lung tissues and PASMCs isolated from patients and animals with PAH, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly manifested. MAP kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2), and p38 are the key intracellular signals for stimuli-induced cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether PDGF-BB on cell proliferation process is mediated through the MAP kinases pathway in human PASMCs (HPASMCs). Our results showed PDGF-BB-induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin A and Cyclin E expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression levels of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) was upregulated with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB treatment, while PDGF-BB could not increase phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and p-38 (p-p38) expression. The effects of PDGF-BB on cell proliferation and survival were weakened after the administration of antagonist of the JNK pathway or si-JNK. In addition, PDGF-BB protected against the loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials evoked by serum deprivation (SD) in a JNK-dependent manner. These results suggest that PDGF-BB promotes HPASMCs proliferation and survival, which is likely to be mediated via the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital , Daqing , China and
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21
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Pennock S, Haddock LJ, Eliott D, Mukai S, Kazlauskas A. Is neutralizing vitreal growth factors a viable strategy to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 40:16-34. [PMID: 24412519 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding disorder that occurs in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and in eyes that have recently undergone retinal detachment surgery. There are presently no treatment strategies to reduce the risk of developing PVR in eyes with retinal detachment, and surgical intervention is the only option for eyes with retinal detachment and established PVR. Given the poor visual outcome associated with the surgical treatment of PVR, considerable work has been done to identify pharmacologic agents that could antagonize the PVR process. Intensive efforts to identify molecular determinants of PVR implicate vitreal growth factors. A surprise that emerged in the course of testing the 'growth factor hypothesis' of PVR was the existence of a functional relationship amongst growth factors that engage platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα), a receptor tyrosine kinase that is key to pathogenesis of experimental PVR. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGF), which is best known for its ability to activate VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and induce permeability and/or angiogenesis, enables activation of PDGFRα by a wide spectrum of vitreal growth factors outside of the PDGF family (non-PDGFs) in a way that triggers signaling events that potently enhance the viability of cells displaced into vitreous. Targeting these growth factors or signaling events effectively neutralizes the bioactivity of PVR vitreous and prevents PVR in a number of preclinical models. In this review, we discuss recent conceptual advances in understanding the role of growth factors in PVR, and consider the tangible treatment strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pennock
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luis J Haddock
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Åberg M, Eriksson O, Mokhtari D, Siegbahn A. Tissue factor/factor VIIa induces cell survival and gene transcription by transactivation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Thromb Haemost 2013; 111:748-60. [PMID: 24336871 DOI: 10.1160/th13-07-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is known to promote survival and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Recently, we showed that binding of coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) to its receptor tissue factor (TF) protects cancer cells from TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Here we present evidence that this biological function of TF/FVIIa is dependent on the IGF-1R. IGF-1R inhibitors AG1024 and PPP as well as siRNA-mediated downregulation of IGF-1R, abolished the TF/FVIIa-mediated protection against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, FVIIa rapidly induced a time- and concentration-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1R in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and in primary human monocytes, an event that was accompanied by IGF-1R chromatin binding and gene transcription. We hereby present novel evidence of a cross-talk between the coagulation and IGF-1R signalling systems, and propose that the IGF-1R is a key player in mediating TF/FVIIa-induced cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Prof. Agneta Siegbahn, MD, PhD, FESC, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, University Hospital, Entr. 61 3rd floor, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, E-mail: , Tel.: +46 186114251, Fax: +46 18552562
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23
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Kask L, Jorsback A, Winkvist M, Alfredsson J, Ek B, Bergquist J, Siegbahn A. Identification of novel downstream molecules of tissue factor activation by comparative proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:477-88. [PMID: 24274763 DOI: 10.1021/pr4006298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is both an initiator of blood coagulation and a signaling receptor. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the role of TF in cell signaling when stimulated by its ligand, activated factor VII (FVIIa). From a 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) study we found forty one spots that were differentially regulated over time in FVIIa stimulated cells or in comparison to nonstimulated cells. Mass spectrometry identifies 23 out of these as 13 different proteins. One of them, elongation factor 2 (EF-2), was investigated in greater detail by Western blot, a protein synthesis assay and cell cycle analysis. When tissue factor was stimulated by FVIIa, the phosphorylation of EF-2 increased which inactivates this protein. Analyzing the effect using site inactivated FVIIa (FVIIai), as well as the protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) agonist SLIGKV, indicated that the inactivation was not PAR-2 dependent. A panel of tissue factor mutants was analyzed further to try to pinpoint what part of the cytoplasmic domain that is needed for this effect. Performing a protein synthesis assay in two different cell lines we could confirm that protein synthesis decreased upon stimulation by FVIIa. Cell cycle analysis showed that FVIIa also promotes a higher degree of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kask
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Gieseler F, Ungefroren H, Settmacher U, Hollenberg MD, Kaufmann R. Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) - focus on receptor-receptor-interactions and their physiological and pathophysiological impact. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:86. [PMID: 24215724 PMCID: PMC3842752 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with four members, PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4, playing critical functions in hemostasis, thrombosis, embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation and cancer progression. PARs are characterized by a unique activation mechanism involving receptor cleavage by different proteinases at specific sites within the extracellular amino-terminus and the exposure of amino-terminal “tethered ligand“ domains that bind to and activate the cleaved receptors. After activation, the PAR family members are able to stimulate complex intracellular signalling networks via classical G protein-mediated pathways and beta-arrestin signalling. In addition, different receptor crosstalk mechanisms critically contribute to a high diversity of PAR signal transduction and receptor-trafficking processes that result in multiple physiological effects. In this review, we summarize current information about PAR-initiated physical and functional receptor interactions and their physiological and pathological roles. We focus especially on PAR homo- and heterodimerization, transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and receptor serine/threonine kinases (RSTKs), communication with other GPCRs, toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors, ion channel receptors, and on PAR association with cargo receptors. In addition, we discuss the suitability of these receptor interaction mechanisms as targets for modulating PAR signalling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str, 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Åberg M, Siegbahn A. Tissue factor non-coagulant signaling - molecular mechanisms and biological consequences with a focus on cell migration and apoptosis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:817-25. [PMID: 23384027 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is the main initiator of the blood coagulation cascade. TF is also recognized as a true signaling receptor. There is accumulating evidence that the downstream signaling effects of the TF complexes are transduced by several mechanisms, including: activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2, and the PAR-dependent pathways, via the TF cytoplasmic domain and by transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Triggering of signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways couples TF to a multitude of functions within the cell, such as proliferation, cell migration, and survival. Thus, TF has a Janus face; on the one hand, it has vital life-maintaining functions, and on the other it has harmful effects, exemplified by inflammation, the acute coronary syndromes, and cancer. TF mediates a broad spectrum of signaling mechanisms. Learning more about these different mechanisms/pathways will lead to new treatment strategies, which can ultimately be personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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PPARδ agonist GW501516 inhibits PDGF-stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell function related to pathological vascular remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:903947. [PMID: 23607100 PMCID: PMC3625582 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease, a key feature of which is pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growth factors, cytokines, and lipid mediators are involved in this remodeling process. Recent reports suggest that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation as well as tissue wounding and repair. In this study, we examined the role of PPARδ in the regulation of proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis, and chemokine production in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). The data showed that PPARδ was the most abundant isoform in HPASMCs. PPARδ was upregulated in HPASMCs treated with PDGF, which is the major mediator in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific PPARδ ligand, significantly inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation in HPASMCs. The inhibitory effect of GW501516 on HPASMCs was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, CDK2, and CDK4 as well as increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory genes G0S2 and P27kip1. Pretreatment of HPASMCs with GW501516 significantly inhibited PDGF-induced cell migration and collagen synthesis. GW501516 also significantly attenuated TNF-mediated expression of MCP-1. These results suggest that PPARδ may be a potential therapeutic target against the progression of vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Zheng W, Lennartsson J, Hendriks W, Heldin CH, Hellberg C. The LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase enables PDGF β-receptor activation through attenuation of the c-Abl kinase activity. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1050-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pathological signaling via platelet-derived growth factor receptor {alpha} involves chronic activation of Akt and suppression of p53. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1788-99. [PMID: 21357737 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01321-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to direct activation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα) via PDGF, indirect activation via growth factors outside the PDGF family failed to induce dimerization, internalization, and degradation of PDGFRα. Chronically activated, monomeric PDGFRα induced prolonged activation of Akt and suppressed the level of p53. These events were sufficient to promote both cellular responses (proliferation, survival, and contraction) that are intrinsic to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and induce the disease itself. This signature signaling pathway appeared to extend beyond PVR since deregulating PDGFRα in ways that promote solid tumors also resulted in chronic activation of Akt and a decline in the level of p53.
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Recent developments in our understanding of how platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors contribute to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2009; 90:376-81. [PMID: 19931527 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a disease process occurring in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is thought to develop as a result of exposure of retinal cells to vitreous. Vitreous contains many growth factors, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been considered a major contributor to PVR. Evaluation of both PDGF and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) as potential therapeutic targets in the context of a rabbit model of PVR revealed that PDGFR-based approaches protected from PVR, whereas neutralizing PDGFs was a much less effective strategy. The basis for these observations appears to reflect that fact that the PDGFR could be activated by a wide spectrum of vitreal agents that are outside of the PDGF family. Furthermore, blocking signaling events by which the non-PDGFs indirectly activated PDGF alpha receptor (PDGFRalpha) protected rabbits from developing PVR. These studies demonstrate that the best therapeutic targets for PVR are not PDGFs, but PDGFRalpha and certain signaling events required for indirectly activating PDGFRalpha.
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Classen JF, Henrohn D, Rorsman F, Lennartsson J, Lauwerys BR, Wikström G, Rorsman C, Lenglez S, Franck-Larsson K, Tomasi JP, Kämpe O, Vanthuyne M, Houssiau FA, Demoulin JB. Lack of evidence of stimulatory autoantibodies to platelet-derived growth factor receptor in patients with systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1137-44. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lei H, Velez G, Hovland P, Hirose T, Gilbertson D, Kazlauskas A. Growth factors outside the PDGF family drive experimental PVR. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:3394-403. [PMID: 19324843 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a recurring and problematic disease for which there is no pharmacologic treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the vitreous is associated with experimental and clinical PVR. Furthermore, PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) are present and activated in epiretinal membranes of patient donors, and they are essential for experimental PVR. These observations suggest that PVR arises at least in part from PDGF/PDGFR-driven events. The goal of this study was to determine whether PDGFs were a potential therapeutic target for PVR. METHODS Experimental PVR was induced in rabbits by injecting fibroblasts. Vitreous specimens were collected from experimental rabbits or from patients undergoing vitrectomy to repair retinal detachment. A neutralizing PDGF antibody and a PDGF Trap were tested for their ability to prevent experimental PVR. Activation of PDGFR was monitored by antiphosphotyrosine Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated PDGFRs. Contraction of collagen gels was monitored in vitro. RESULTS Neutralizing vitreal PDGFs did not effectively attenuate PVR, even though the reagents used potently blocked PDGF-dependent activation of the PDGF alpha receptor (PDGFRalpha). Vitreal growth factors outside the PDGF family modestly activated PDGFRalpha and appeared to do so without engaging the ligand-binding domain of PDGFRalpha. This indirect route to activate PDGFRalpha had profound functional consequences. It promoted the contraction of collagen gels and appeared sufficient to drive experimental PVR. CONCLUSIONS Although PDGF appears to be a poor therapeutic target, PDGFRalpha is particularly attractive because it can be activated by a much larger spectrum of vitreal growth factors than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Lei H, Kazlauskas A. Growth factors outside of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family employ reactive oxygen species/Src family kinases to activate PDGF receptor alpha and thereby promote proliferation and survival of cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:6329-36. [PMID: 19126548 PMCID: PMC2649107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808426200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitreous contains a plethora of growth factors that are strongly implicated in the formation of fibroproliferative diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Although platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are present in the vitreous, vitreal growth factors outside of the PDGF family activated the PDGF alpha receptor (PDGFRalpha) and promoted disease progression in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (H. Lei, G. Velez, P. Hovland, T. Hirose, D. Gilbertson, and A. Kazlauskas (2008) submitted for publication.) In this report we investigated the mechanism by which non-PDGFs activated PDGFRalpha. We found that non-PDGFs increased the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that this event was necessary and sufficient for phosphorylation of PDGFRalpha. We speculated that the underlying mechanism was ROS-mediated inhibition of phosphotyrosine phosphatases, which antagonize receptor auto-phosphorylation. However, this did not appear to be the case. Non-PDGFs promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of catalytically inactive PDGFRalpha, and thereby indicated that at least one additional tyrosine kinase was involved. Indeed, preventing expression or blocking the kinase activity of Src family kinases suppressed non-PDGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGFRalpha. Thus non-PDGFs increased the level of ROS, which activated Src family kinases and resulted in phosphorylation of PDGFRalpha. Finally, although non-PDGFs induced only modest phosphorylation of PDGFRalpha, proliferation and survival of cells in response to non-PDGFs was significantly enhanced by expression of PDGFRalpha. These studies reveal a novel mechanism for activation of PDGFRalpha that appears capable of enhancing the responsiveness of cells to growth factors outside of the PDGF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Payeli SK, Latini R, Gebhard C, Patrignani A, Wagner U, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC. Prothrombotic gene expression profile in vascular smooth muscle cells of human saphenous vein, but not internal mammary artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:705-10. [PMID: 18258816 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of internal mammary artery (IMA) toward thrombotic occlusion and accelerated atherosclerosis is not well understood. This study analyzed gene expression profiles of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from IMA versus saphenous vein (SV). METHODS AND RESULTS 54'675 probe sets were examined by Affymetrix microarrays. Thirty-one genes belonged to the coagulation system; 2 were differentially expressed, namely tissue factor (TF) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). TF was 3.1-fold lower in IMA than SV (P=0.006), whereas tPA was 9.0-fold higher (P<0.001). TF mRNA expression was lower in IMA than SV (P<0.05); tPA was higher (P<0.001). TF protein expression was 4.2+/-0.5-fold lower in IMA than SV (P<0.001); tPA was 2.6+/-0.4-fold higher (P<0.01). In IMA VSMC supernatant, TF protein and activity was lower (P<0.05), TFPI and tPA protein higher (P<0.05 and P<0.005), and clotting time of human plasma prolonged (P<0.05) as compared to SV. Migration to TF/FVIIa (10(-9) mol/L) was 3-fold lower in IMA than SV (P=0.01); PAR-2 protein expression was similar (P=NS), PAR-2 blockade without effect (P=NS). CONCLUSIONS Among the genes of the coagulation system, TF and tPA are differentially expressed in VSMCs from IMA versus SV. This is consistent with protection of IMA from thrombus formation and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Payeli
- Cardiovascular Research, Physiology Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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