1
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Ma LY, Song JH, Gao PY, Ou YN, Fu Y, Huang LY, Wang ZT, Zhang DD, Cui RP, Mi YC, Tan L. Amyloid pathology mediates the associations between plasma fibrinogen and cognition in non-demented adults. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38533619 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Though previous studies revealed the potential associations of elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen with dementia, there is still limited understanding regarding the influence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers on these associations. We sought to investigate the interrelationships among fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and cognition in non-demented adults. We included 1996 non-demented adults from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study and 337 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The associations of fibrinogen with AD biomarkers and cognition were explored using multiple linear regression models. The mediation analyses with 10 000 bootstrapped iterations were conducted to explore the mediating effects of AD biomarkers on cognition. In addition, interaction analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the influence of covariates on the relationships between fibrinogen and AD biomarkers. Participants exhibiting low Aβ42 were designated as A+, while those demonstrating high phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and total tau (Tau) were labeled as T+ and N+, respectively. Individuals with normal measures of Aβ42 and P-tau were categorized as the A-T- group, and those with abnormal levels of both Aβ42 and P-tau were grouped under A+T+. Fibrinogen was higher in the A+ subgroup compared to that in the A- subgroup (p = 0.026). Fibrinogen was higher in the A+T+ subgroup compared to that in the A-T- subgroup (p = 0.011). Higher fibrinogen was associated with worse cognition and Aβ pathology (all p < 0.05). Additionally, the associations between fibrinogen and cognition were partially mediated by Aβ pathology (mediation proportion range 8%-28%). Interaction analyses and subgroup analyses showed that age and ApoE ε4 affect the relationships between fibrinogen and Aβ pathology. Fibrinogen was associated with both cognition and Aβ pathology. Aβ pathology may be a critical mediator for impacts of fibrinogen on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-Ping Cui
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Chu Mi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Song L, Shi X, Kovacs L, Han W, John J, Barman SA, Dong Z, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Verin AD, Su Y. Calpain Promotes LPS-induced Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction via Cleavage of Talin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:678-688. [PMID: 37639326 PMCID: PMC10704117 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0009oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by lung vascular endothelial cell (EC) barrier compromise resulting in increased endothelial permeability and pulmonary edema. The infection of gram-negative bacteria that produce toxins like LPS is one of the major causes of ALI. LPS activates Toll-like receptor 4, leading to cytoskeleton reorganization, resulting in lung endothelial barrier disruption and pulmonary edema in ALI. However, the signaling pathways that lead to the cytoskeleton reorganization and lung microvascular EC barrier disruption remain largely unexplored. Here we show that LPS induces calpain activation and talin cleavage into head and rod domains and that inhibition of calpain attenuates talin cleavage, RhoA activation, and pulmonary EC barrier disruption in LPS-treated human lung microvascular ECs in vitro and lung EC barrier disruption and pulmonary edema induced by LPS in ALI in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of calpain causes talin cleavage and RhoA activation, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and increases in actin stress fiber formation. Furthermore, knockdown of talin attenuates LPS-induced RhoA activation and MLC phosphorylation and increased stress fiber formation and mitigates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption. Additionally, overexpression of talin head and rod domains increases RhoA activation, MLC phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation and enhances lung endothelial barrier disruption. Finally, overexpression of cleavage-resistant talin mutant reduces LPS-induced increases in MLC phosphorylation in human lung microvascular ECs and attenuates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption. These results provide the first evidence that calpain mediates LPS-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier disruption in ALI via cleavage of talin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Joseph John
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Medicine
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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3
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Shioda R, Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Saeki K, Nakayama M, Suzuki Y, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene B 4 /BLT1-dependent neutrophil accumulation exacerbates immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22789. [PMID: 36692419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crescent formation is the most important pathological finding that defines the prognosis of nephritis. Although neutrophils are known to play an important role in the progression of crescentic glomerulonephritis, such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, the key chemoattractant for neutrophils in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis has not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that a lipid chemoattractant, leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), and its receptor BLT1 are primarily involved in disease pathogenesis in a mouse model of immune complex-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis. Circulating neutrophils accumulated into glomeruli within 1 h after disease onset, which was accompanied by LTB4 accumulation in the kidney cortex, leading to kidney injury. LTB4 was produced by cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors on neutrophils. Mice deficient in BLT1 or LTB4 biosynthesis exhibited suppressed initial neutrophil infiltration and subsequent thrombotic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis. Depletion of neutrophils before, but not after, disease onset prevented proteinuria and kidney injury, indicating the essential role of neutrophils in the early phase of glomerulonephritis. Administration of a BLT1 antagonist before and after disease onset almost completely suppressed induction of glomerulonephritis. Finally, we found that the glomeruli from patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis contained more BLT1-positive cells than glomeruli from patients with other etiologies. Taken together, the LTB4 -BLT1 axis is the key driver of neutrophilic glomerular inflammation, and will be a novel therapeutic target for the crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Shioda
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Vazquez-Agra N, Marques-Afonso AT, Cruces-Sande A, Novo-Veleiro I, Lopez-Paz JE, Pose-Reino A, Hermida-Ameijeiras A. Are Differences in Inflammatory Markers between Patients with and without Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage Influenced by Circadian Blood Pressure Abnormalities? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051252. [PMID: 35268342 PMCID: PMC8911066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the influence that the circadian blood pressure (BP) profile could exert on the correlation between some inflammatory markers and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). This was a cross-sectional study that included patients with primary arterial hypertension older than 18 years old. We included some parameters of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring collection and several inflammatory markers, as follows: platelet count (PTC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ultrasensitive C-reactive-protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, and uric acid. Myocardial hypertrophy, albuminuria, carotid intima-media thicknesses and ankle brachial index were assessed as HMOD presentations. Individuals were divided into two groups: patients with and without HMOD. We included 522 patients (47% women, mean age of 54 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male patients older than 50 years old with uric acid levels above 7 mg/dL, ESR higher than 20 mm/h, fibrinogen greater than 320 mg/dL and PTC lower than 275 × 103/µL were associated with HMOD (p < 0.05). The circadian BP profile (dipper versus non-dipper pattern) did reach neither statistical significance nor influence the odds ratio of those inflammatory markers for HMOD. We found that differences in some inflammatory markers between patients with and without HMOD were not explained by a different circadian BP profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Vazquez-Agra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
- Correspondence: (N.V.-A.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Ana-Teresa Marques-Afonso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Anton Cruces-Sande
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.V.-A.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Jose-Enrique Lopez-Paz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Antonio Pose-Reino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Alvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (A.-T.M.-A.); (I.N.-V.); (J.-E.L.-P.); (A.P.-R.); (A.H.-A.)
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5
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Juffermans NP, van den Brom CE, Kleinveld DJB. Targeting Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Critical Illness to Reduce Organ Failure. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1708-1720. [PMID: 33186159 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During hyperinflammatory conditions that can occur in acute critical illness, such as shock or hypoperfusion, inflammatory mediators activate the endothelium, fueling a proinflammatory host-response as well as procoagulant processes. These changes result in shedding of the glycocalyx, endothelial hyperpermeability, edema formation, and lead to disturbed microcirculatory perfusion and organ failure. Different fluid strategies that are used in shock may have differential effects on endothelial integrity. Collectively, low protein content fluids seem to have negative effects on the endothelial glycocalyx, aggravating endothelial hyperpermeability, whereas fluids containing albumin or plasma proteins may be superior to normal saline in protecting the glycocalyx and endothelial barrier function. Targeting the endothelium may be a therapeutic strategy to limit organ failure, which hitherto has not received much attention. Treatment targets aimed at restoring the endothelium should focus on maintaining glycocalyx function and/or targeting coagulation pathways or specific endothelial receptors. Potential treatments could be supplementing glycocalyx constituents or inhibiting glycocalyx breakdown. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction during acute critical illness, such as the systemic inflammatory response, shedding of the glycocalyx, endothelial activation, and activation of coagulation. In addition, this review focuses on the effects of different fluid strategies on endothelial permeability. Also, potential mechanisms for treatment options to reduce endothelial hyperpermeability with ensuing organ failure are evaluated. Future research is needed to elucidate these pathways and to translate these data to the first human safety and feasibility trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Juffermans
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Derek J B Kleinveld
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Zadeh FJ, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Bahadori H, Saki N, Rezaeeyan H. The role of exogenous Fibrinogen in cardiac surgery: stop bleeding or induce cardiovascular disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8189-8198. [PMID: 33026614 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The surgical treatment contributes to broad variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Due to many involved factors in preoperative bleeding, it is almost difficult to perform better Haemostatic approach. Fibrinogen is a major blood glycoprotein and a coagulation factor which decreases postoperative bleeding. It has a potential role in platelet activation and bleeding inhibition; it may reflect the inflammatory responses and be related to the endothelial dysfunction. Fibrinogen can act as a pro-inflammatory element via increasing some inflammatory markers including IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemo attractant protein (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1a and b), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and MMP-9) and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs); through activation of these factors, fibrinogen may induce some inflammatory mechanisms such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. It may cause endothelial dysfunction by increasing P and E-selection, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels which activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This factor is also associated with increased exocytosed von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as activation of Rho-GTPase mechanism. All of these data demonstrate the dual role of fibrinogen in cardiac surgeries, bleeding inhibition and CVD. Therefore, identifying the CVD factors is helpful for designing preventive strategies and alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Javaherforoosh Zadeh
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hojatolah Bahadori
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Guo X, Eitnier RA, Beard RS, Meegan JE, Yang X, Aponte AM, Wang F, Nelson PR, Wu MH. Focal adhesion kinase and Src mediate microvascular hyperpermeability caused by fibrinogen- γC- terminal fragments. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231739. [PMID: 32352989 PMCID: PMC7192500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We previously reported microvascular leakage resulting from fibrinogen-γ chain C-terminal products (γC) occurred via a RhoA-dependent mechanism. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the signaling mechanism by which γC induces endothelial hyperpermeability. Since it is known that γC binds and activates endothelial αvβ3, a transmembrane integrin receptor involved in intracellular signaling mediated by the tyrosine kinases FAK and Src, we hypothesized that γC alters endothelial barrier function by activating the FAK-Src pathway leading to junction dissociation and RhoA driven cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation. Methods and results Using intravital microscopy of rat mesenteric microvessels, we show increased extravasation of plasma protein (albumin) resulting from γC administration. In addition, capillary fluid filtration coefficient (Kfc) indicated γC-induced elevated lung vascular permeability. Furthermore, γC decreased transendothelial barrier resistance in a time-dependent and dose-related fashion in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs), accompanied by increased FAK/Src phosphorylation detection by western blot. Experiments with pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of FAK showed significantly reduced γC-induced albumin and fluid leakage across microvessels, stress-fiber formation, VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, and improved γC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, indicating the involvement of FAK in γC mediated hyperpermeability. Comparable results were found when Src was targeted in a similar manner, however inhibition of FAK prevented Src activation, suggesting that FAK is upstream of Src in γC-mediated hyperpermeability. In addition, γC-induced cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation was attenuated during inhibition or silencing of these tyrosine kinases, concomitantly with RhoA inhibition. Conclusion The FAK-Src pathway contributes to γC-induced microvascular barrier dysfunction, junction protein phosphorylation and disorganization in a manner that involves RhoA and stress-fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Eitnier
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Beard
- Department of Biomolecular Research, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Aponte
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Sugiyama M, Wada Y, Kanazawa N, Tachibana S, Suzuki T, Matsumoto K, Iyoda M, Honda H, Shibata T. A cross-sectional analysis of clinicopathologic similarities and differences between Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232194. [PMID: 32324811 PMCID: PMC7179927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies noted that Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) share the feature of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1)-oriented pathogenesis, although there are distinct clinical differences. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic differences between these 2 diseases. Methods We cross-sectionally analyzed adult patients with HSPN (n = 24) or IgAN (n = 56) who underwent renal biopsy (RB) between 2008 and 2018 at Showa University Hospital. Serum Gd-IgA1 (s-Gd-IgA1) levels at the time of RB were compared among study groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-human Gd-IgA1-specific monoclonal antibody (KM55). We also immunohistochemically stained paraffin-embedded sections for glomerular Gd-IgA1 (g-Gd-IgA1)-deposition using KM55. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA. Results Glomerular endothelial injury with subendothelial IgA deposition was significant in patients with HSPN. Serum IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with HSPN than IgAN. Levels of s-Gd-IgA1 were comparable among patients with HSPN and IgAN, and a similar degree of g-Gd-IgA1-deposition was detected in both diseases. Furthermore, g-Gd-IgA1-deposition was evident in patients with histopathologically advanced HSPN or IgAN. In HSPN, significant positive correlations between s-Gd-IgA1 levels and crescent formation or IL-6 elevation were confirmed, and g-Gd-IgA1 intensity showed a significant positive correlation with MCP-1 and a tendency to positively correlate with IL-8. Meanwhile, patients with IgAN showed no correlation between inflammatory cytokines and both-Gd-IgA1. Moreover, most g-Gd-IgA1-positive areas were not double stained with CD31 in HSPN. Conclusions Although assessing both-Gd-IgA1 alone was insufficient to distinguish between HSPN and IgAN, patients with HSPN showed considerable glomerular capillaritis with subendothelial IgA deposition and significant elevation of serum inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, such glomerular subendothelial IgA deposition might not contain Gd-IgA1, and factors associated with Gd-IgA1 were inconsistent among these 2 diseases. Thus, developmental mechanisms for IgAN might not apply to HSPN completely, and these 2 diseases still have different aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Sugiyama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Honda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Ma Y, Yang X, Chatterjee V, Meegan JE, Beard Jr. RS, Yuan SY. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Vesicles in Regulating Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1037. [PMID: 31143182 PMCID: PMC6520655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium serves as the major barrier that controls the transport of blood constituents across the vessel wall. Barrier leakage occurs during infection or sterile inflammation, allowing plasma fluid and cells to extravasate and accumulate in surrounding tissues, an important pathology underlying a variety of infectious diseases and immune disorders. The leak process is triggered and regulated by bidirectional communications between circulating cells and vascular cells at the blood-vessel interface. While the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex process remain incompletely understood, emerging evidence supports the roles of neutrophil-endothelium interaction and neutrophil-derived products, including neutrophil extracellular traps and vesicles, in the pathogenesis of vascular barrier injury. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophil-induced changes in endothelial barrier structures, with a detailed presentation of recently characterized molecular pathways involved in the production and effects of neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of altering neutrophil interactions with the endothelial barrier in treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard S. Beard Jr.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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10
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition, eIF2α phosphorylation and Hsp70 expression enable greater tolerance in A549 cells to TiO 2 over ZnO nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:436. [PMID: 30679528 PMCID: PMC6346025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II alveolar cells are highly robust in nature, yet susceptible to aerosolized nanoparticles (NPs). Dysfunction in these specialized cells, can often lead to emphysema, edema, and pulmonary inflammation. Long-time exposure can also lead to dangerous epigenetic modifications and cancer. Among the manufactured nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles are widely encountered owing to their wide range of applications. Scores of published literatures affirm ZnO NPs are more toxic to human alveolar cells than TiO2. However, signalling cascades deducing differences in human alveolar responses to their exposure is not well documented. With A549 cells, we have demonstrated that epithelial to mesenchymal transition and an increased duration of phosphorylation of eIF2α are crucial mechanisms routing better tolerance to TiO2 NP treatment over exposure to ZnO. The increased migratory capacity may help cells escape away from the zone of stress. Further, expression of chaperone such as Hsp70 is also enhanced during the same dose-time investigations. This is the first report of its kind. These novel findings could be successfully developed in the future to design relief strategies to alleviate metal oxide nanoparticle mediated stress.
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Wang F, Huang L, Tang H, Li X, Zhu X, Wang X. Significance of glomerular fibrinogen deposition in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:97. [PMID: 30115075 PMCID: PMC6097424 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most common pediatric secondary glomerular disease. This study aimed to investigate the significance of glomerular fibrinogen (Fib) deposition in children with HSPN. METHODS Eighty-two patients with HSPN were enrolled retrospectively at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to March 2017. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence and intensity of glomerular Fib deposits, and clinical and pathological features were compared among the groups. RESULTS Glomerular Fib deposition was observed in 64 children (78.05%), including 1 Fib± case (1.22%), 23 Fib+ cases (28.05%), 37 Fib++ cases (45.12%), and 3 Fib+++ cases (3.66%). Significantly different levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), D-dimer (DD), proportions of CD19 + CD23+ cells and urine microalbumin:creatinine ratios (UMA/Cr) were noted among the different Fib deposition groups (no, mild and severe). Pairwise comparison in multiple groups revealed significantly increased hs-CRP, proportion of CD19 + CD23+ cells and UMA/Cr in the severe deposition group compared with the mild and no deposition groups, and remarkably increased DD levels were noted in the severe and mild deposition groups compared with the no deposition group. The degree of glomerular Fib deposition was positively correlated with the degree of glomerular IgA deposition, and the incidence of glomerular IgG deposition in the severe deposition group was increased compared with the no deposition group. CONCLUSION HSPN children with glomerular Fib deposition, especially those with severe Fib deposition, exhibit more severely disordered immunologic function, inflammatory reactions and hypercoagulability; glomerular damage in these patients may also be more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taixing Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taixing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taixing Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hangyun Tang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Schuldt EA, Lieb W, Dörr M, Lerch MM, Völzke H, Nauck M, Friedrich N. Circulating angiopoietin-2 and its soluble receptor Tie-2 concentrations are related to inflammatory markers in the general population. Cytokine 2018; 105:1-7. [PMID: 29427772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Angiopoietin/Tie (Tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains) signaling axis has crucial influences on angiogenesis and the vasculature's reorganization. Moreover, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is discussed as a biomarker for diseases' severity and development. Previous studies reported increased Ang2 levels in patients with inflammatory diseases and associations of Ang2 with inflammation markers in relatively small samples. We aimed to assess the relation of Ang2 and Tie2 with inflammation markers in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS Data of 6624 participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) and the independent SHIP-Trend were used. Ang2, Tie2 and inflammatory biomarkers, including fibrinogen, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and white blood cell count (WBC), were measured. Adjusted analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear/logistic regression models were performed in the entire sample and in individuals free of hypertension and diabetes. ANOVA [adjusted means of the 1st vs. 4th Ang2 quartile: fibrinogen 3.0 vs. 3.2 g/l; hsCRP 1.2 vs. 1.6 mg/l; WBC 5.9 vs. 6.6 Gpt/l] and regression models adjusted for potential confounders revealed positive relations of Ang2 with all considered inflammation markers. These associations persisted after the exclusion of individuals with hypertension and diabetes. In contrast, Tie2 showed no clear association pattern with the investigated inflammatory markers even if a trend toward a positive relation with fibrinogen became apparent. CONCLUSION Ang2 was positively associated with fibrinogen, hsCRP and WBC in a large population-based setting. These findings partly agree with previous results, largely obtained in clinical samples. Ang2 has diverse postulated effects on inflammation processes, like increase of vascular leakage or influences on the adhesion of leukocytes to the vessel wall. The proinflammatory character of these effects is similar to these of fibrinogen which conforms to our findings of relations between the markers. However, further research is needed to elucidate possible functional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Schuldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany.
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Curry FRE, Clark JF, Adamson RH. Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26436435 DOI: 10.3791/53210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments to measure the permeability properties of individually perfused microvessels provide a bridge between investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating vascular permeability in cultured endothelial cell monolayers and the functional exchange properties of whole microvascular beds. A method to cannulate and perfuse venular microvessels of rat mesentery and measure the hydraulic conductivity of the microvessel wall is described. The main equipment needed includes an intravital microscope with a large modified stage that supports micromanipulators to position three different microtools: (1) a beveled glass micropipette to cannulate and perfuse the microvessel; (2) a glass micro-occluder to transiently block perfusion and enable measurement of transvascular water flow movement at a measured hydrostatic pressure, and (3) a blunt glass rod to stabilize the mesenteric tissue at the site of cannulation. The modified Landis micro-occlusion technique uses red cells suspended in the artificial perfusate as markers of transvascular fluid movement, and also enables repeated measurements of these flows as experimental conditions are changed and hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure difference across the microvessels are carefully controlled. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity first using a control perfusate, then after re-cannulation of the same microvessel with the test perfusates enable paired comparisons of the microvessel response under these well-controlled conditions. Attempts to extend the method to microvessels in the mesentery of mice with genetic modifications expected to modify vascular permeability were severely limited because of the absence of long straight and unbranched microvessels in the mouse mesentery, but the recent availability of the rats with similar genetic modifications using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is expected to open new areas of investigation where the methods described herein can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitz-Roy E Curry
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis
| | - Joyce F Clark
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis
| | - Roger H Adamson
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis;
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Rodrigues SF, Granger DN. Blood cells and endothelial barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e978720. [PMID: 25838983 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.978720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier properties of endothelial cells are critical for the maintenance of water and protein balance between the intravascular and extravascular compartments. An impairment of endothelial barrier function has been implicated in the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including pulmonary edema, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, angioedema, sepsis and cancer. The altered barrier function in these conditions is often linked to the release of soluble mediators from resident cells (e.g., mast cells, macrophages) and/or recruited blood cells. The interaction of the mediators with receptors expressed on the surface of endothelial cells diminishes barrier function either by altering the expression of adhesive proteins in the inter-endothelial junctions, by altering the organization of the cytoskeleton, or both. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteolytic enzymes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase, elastase), oncostatin M, and VEGF are part of a long list of mediators that have been implicated in endothelial barrier failure. In this review, we address the role of blood borne cells, including, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in health and disease. Attention is also devoted to new targets for therapeutic intervention in disease states with morbidity and mortality related to endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Key Words
- AJ, Adherens junctions
- ANG-1, Angiopoietin 1
- AQP, Aquaporins
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- CNS, Central nervous system
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- EPAC1, Exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2
- Endothelial barrier
- FA, Focal adhesions
- FAK, focal adhesion tyrosine kinase
- FoxO1, Forkhead box O1
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycans
- GDNF, Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
- GJ, Gap junctions
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptors
- GTPase, Guanosine 5'-triphosphatase
- HMGB-1, High mobility group box 1
- HRAS, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta
- IP3, Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- JAM, Junctional adhesion molecules
- MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MLC, Myosin light chain
- MLCK, Myosin light-chain kinase
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases
- NO, Nitric oxide
- OSM, Oncostatin M
- PAF, Platelet activating factor
- PDE, Phosphodiesterase
- PKA, Protein kinase A
- PNA, Platelet-neutrophil aggregates
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- Rap1, Ras-related protein 1
- RhoA, Ras homolog gene family, member A
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SCID, Severe combined immunodeficient
- SOCS-3, Suppressors of cytokine signaling 3
- Shp-2, Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2
- Src, Sarcoma family of protein kinases
- TEER, Transendothelial electrical resistance
- TGF-beta1, Transforming growth factor-beta1
- TJ, Tight junctions
- TNF-, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VCAM-1, Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
- VE, Vascular endothelial
- VE-PTP, Vascular endothelial receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VVO, Vesiculo-vacuolar organelle
- ZO, Zonula occludens
- cAMP, 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- pSrc, Phosphorylated Src
- platelets
- vascular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo ; Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center ; Shreveport, LA USA
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Freitas-Andrade M, Slinn J, Charlebois C, Moreno MJ. Histological assessment of angiogenesis in the hypoxic central nervous system. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1135:157-75. [PMID: 24510863 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0320-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new capillaries from preexisting vessels, is an integral part of both normal development and numerous pathological conditions such as tumor growth, inflammation, and stroke. The development of angiogenesis assays has been critical in understanding this process in both the context of disease and normal physiology. With the growing availability of antibodies against angiogenic markers as well as advances in microscopy and imaging analysis software, a more comprehensive assessment of the angiogenesis process is beginning to take form (Milner et al., Stroke 39:191-197, 2008; Freitas-Andrade et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:663-675, 2012; Li et al., Glia 58:1157-1167, 2010; Dore-Duffy and LaManna, Antioxid Redox Signal 9:1363-1371, 2007). This chapter describes an in vivo method of inducing brain angiogenesis in mice by chronic exposure to mild hypoxia. In addition, a detailed procedure of quantifying angiogenesis using multiple immunofluorescent labeling of mouse brain tissue sections is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Freitas-Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
CONTEXT Platelets have significant roles in initiating and mediating reduced alveolar blood flow, microvascular leak, and ventilation/perfusion mismatch caused by metabolic changes and altered signal transduction caused by ischemia-reperfusion. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on platelet mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in the lung and presents a hypothesis for interplay between platelet activation, endothelial damage and fibrinogen. The purpose is to discuss current knowledge regarding mechanisms of platelet-mediated endothelial injury and implications for new strategies to treat vascular dysfunction associated with acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Literature from a number of fields was searched using Medline and Google Scholar. RESULTS Activated platelets contribute to redox imbalance through reactive oxygen species production, pro-leak molecules such as PAF and serotonin, and recruitment of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes to the damaged endothelium. CONCLUSION Platelets are a critical component of pulmonary ALI, acting in conjunction with fibrinogen to mediate endothelial damage through multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Ozel-Demiralp D, Igci N, Ayhan B, Egin Y, Haznedaroglu IC, Akar N. Prohemostatic and antithrombin activities of Ankaferd hemostat are linked to fibrinogen gamma chain and prothrombin by functional proteomic analyses. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 18:604-10. [PMID: 22327821 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612436672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a novel topical hemostatic agent of plant origin registered for the management of external hemorrhages, in Turkey. The ABS-induced formation of the protein network with vital erythroid aggregation covers the whole physiological hemostatic process. The aim of this study is to assess prohemostatic and antithrombin effects of ABS on the basis of functional proteomic analyses performed in ABS-treated plasma and serum samples based on the previous hypotheses about ABS action. For this purpose, serum and plasma proteins were separated by 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, and proteins were identified using reference plasma gel on Swiss-2DPAGE database. Our results indicated that fibrinogen gamma chain and prothrombin levels just initially decreased first and thereafter enhanced following the ABS exposure. Dual effects of ABS on those critical hemostatic molecules seem to be associated with prohemostatic and antithrombin activities of the hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ozel-Demiralp
- Proteomics Department, Central Laboratory of Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
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Paulus P, Jennewein C, Zacharowski K. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction: can they help us deciphering systemic inflammation and sepsis? Biomarkers 2011; 16 Suppl 1:S11-21. [PMID: 21707440 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.587893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial integrity, as mechanical barrier against microorganisms and as natural "anticoagulant", is crucial for physiologic organ function. Systemic activation of the endothelium upon inflammation, sepsis, and septic shock is always ending in blood-tissue barrier disruption. With increasing dysfunction, uncontrolled clotting activation, capillary microthrombi formation, tissue edema, local hypoxia, and ischemia are initiated. This in turn enhances a vicious circle leading to multiple organ failure and death. Therefore, biomarkers reflecting this special compartment may help in the early detection of systemic inflammation and its complications. This review provides an overview of the most important endothelial biomarkers and their possible use in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Paulus
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Yuan SY, Shen Q, Rigor RR, Wu MH. Neutrophil transmigration, focal adhesion kinase and endothelial barrier function. Microvasc Res 2011; 83:82-8. [PMID: 21864543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil activation is an essential component of innate immune defense against infection and injury. In response to inflammatory stimulation, circulating neutrophils undergo a series of dynamic and metabolic changes characterized by β2-intergrin mediated adhesion to microvascular endothelium and subsequent transendothelial migration. During this process, neutrophils release granular contents containing digestive enzymes and produce cytotoxic agents such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These products target endothelial barriers inducing phosphorylation-triggered junction dissociation, actin stress fiber formation, and actomyosin contraction, manifest as paracellular hyperpermeability. Endothelial cell-matrix focal adhesions play an integral role in this process by providing structural support for endothelial conformational changes that facilitate neutrophil transmigration, as well as by recruiting intracellular molecules that constitute the hyperpermeability signaling cascades. As a central connector of the complex signaling network, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated following neutrophil adhesion, and further mediates the reorganization of endothelial integrin-matrix attachments in a pattern coordinating with cytoskeleton contraction and junction opening. In this review, we present recent experimental evidence supporting the importance of FAK in neutrophil-dependent regulation of endothelial permeability. The discussion focuses on the mechanisms by which neutrophils activate FAK and its downstream effects on endothelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y Yuan
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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20
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Lee ES, Shen Q, Pitts RL, Guo M, Wu MH, Sun SC, Yuan SY. Serum metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9, and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors in patients are associated with arteriovenous fistula maturation. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:454-9; discussion 459-60. [PMID: 21620625 PMCID: PMC3171276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many vascular surgeons construct arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis access as the primary choice access. A significant number of AVFs fail to mature, however, leading to patient frustration and repeated operations. Metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, may be important for AVF maturation. We therefore sought to identify whether serum MMP levels could serve as a biomarker for predicting future successful AVF maturation. METHODS Blood was collected from patients with chronic renal insufficiency at the time of surgery for long-term hemodialysis access. Serum was separated from whole blood and ultracentrifuged at 1000g for 10 minutes. Serum aliquots were frozen at -80°C until used for analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assay levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 2 (TIMP-2), and TIMP type 4 (TIMP-4). Clinical end points were used to divide patients into failed and matured AVF groups. Successful maturation was considered in patients who had specific duplex findings or 1 month of successful two-needle cannulation hemodialysis. MMP/TIMP ratios were calculated as an index of the MMP axis activity because MMP activity parallels alterations in TIMP levels. RESULTS Of 20 enrolled patients, AVF maturation was successful in 13 and failed in 7. Serum levels of MMP-2/TIMP-2 were significantly higher in patients with matured AVFs vs levels in those that failed (P = .003). Similarly, a trend toward increased serum levels of MMP-9/TIMP-4 was found in patients with successful AVF (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were different among patients whose AVF matured vs those who did not. Further follow-up studies to determine the predictability of AVF maturation using relative patient serum levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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22
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Alzheimer's disease peptide beta-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen and induces its oligomerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21812-7. [PMID: 21098282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010373107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a vascular contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but a direct connection between AD and the circulatory system has not been established. Previous work has shown that blood clots formed in the presence of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which has been implicated in AD, have an abnormal structure and are resistant to degradation in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we show that Aβ specifically interacts with fibrinogen with a K(d) of 26.3 ± 6.7 nM, that the binding site is located near the C terminus of the fibrinogen β-chain, and that the binding causes fibrinogen to oligomerize. These results suggest that the interaction between Aβ and fibrinogen modifies fibrinogen's structure, which may then lead to abnormal fibrin clot formation. Overall, our study indicates that the interaction between Aβ and fibrinogen may be an important contributor to the vascular abnormalities found in AD.
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Lee ES, Shen Q, Pitts RL, Guo M, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Vein tissue expression of matrix metalloproteinase as biomarker for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturation. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 44:674-9. [PMID: 20724289 PMCID: PMC5584062 DOI: 10.1177/1538574410377021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Failure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation is attributed to impaired vein remodeling. The purpose of this study is to identify whether vein matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity is associated with AVF maturation. Patients with renal insufficiency undergoing surgery had their vein segments harvested and snap-frozen at time of AVF construction. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), tissue inhibitor of metallopreoteinases type 2 (TIMP-2), and TIMP-4 were measured using zymography and Western blotting techniques. Of 14 patients enrolled, 9 had successful maturation and 5 had failure of AVF maturation. Significantly higher levels of MT1-MMP (an MMP-2 activator; P = .01), TIMP-2 (an MMP-2 inhibitor; P = .03), MMP-2 latent (P = .02), and MMP-2 total (P = .03) were associated with AVF maturation. There was a trend toward higher levels of TIMP-4 in the successful group (P = .18). These data demonstrate a positive relationship between MMP-2 expression in veins and AVF maturation. MMP-2 could serve as a potential preoperative marker to predict maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Shen Q, Lee ES, Pitts RL, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction and breast cancer cell transmigration through lung microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:939-51. [PMID: 20571065 PMCID: PMC5584073 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated in multiple stages of cancer metastasis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) plays an important role in regulating MMP-2 activity. By forming a ternary complex with pro-MMP-2 and its activator MMP-14 on the cell surface, TIMP-2 can either initiate or restrain the cleavage and subsequent activation of MMP-2. Our recent work has shown that breast cancer cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells activates endothelial MMP-2, promoting tumor cell transendothelial migration (TEM(E)). However, the mechanism of MMP-2 regulation during TEM(E) remains unclear. In the current study, we present evidence that MMP-14 is expressed in both invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) and lung microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC-L), whereas TIMP-2 is exclusively expressed and released from the cancer cells. The tumor cell-derived TIMP-2 was further identified as a major determinant of endothelial MMP-2 activity during tumor cell transmigration in the presence of MMP-14. This response was associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction because coculture of MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-436 with HBMVEC-L caused a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance concomitantly with endothelial cell-cell junction disruption and tumor cell transmigration. Knockdown of TIMP-2 or inhibition of TIMP-2/MMP-14 attenuated MMP-2-dependent transendothelial electrical resistance response and TEM(E). These findings suggest a novel interactive role of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells in regulating the TIMP-2/MMP-14/MMP-2 pathway during tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Lominadze D, Dean WL, Tyagi SC, Roberts AM. Mechanisms of fibrinogen-induced microvascular dysfunction during cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 198:1-13. [PMID: 19723026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) is a high molecular weight plasma adhesion protein and a biomarker of inflammation. Many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders are accompanied by increased blood content of Fg. Increased levels of Fg result in changes in blood rheological properties such as increases in plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, platelet thrombogenesis, alterations in vascular reactivity and compromises in endothelial layer integrity. These alterations exacerbate the complications in peripheral blood circulation during cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke. In addition to affecting blood viscosity by altering plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, growing experimental evidence suggests that Fg alters vascular reactivity and impairs endothelial cell layer integrity by binding to its endothelial cell membrane receptors and activating signalling mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss experimental data, which demonstrate the effects of Fg causing vascular dysfunction and to offer possible mechanisms for these effects, which could exacerbate microcirculatory complications during cardiovascular diseases accompanied by increased Fg content.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lominadze
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Shen Q, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Endothelial contractile cytoskeleton and microvascular permeability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2009:43-50. [PMID: 20871798 DOI: 10.2147/chc.s5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular barrier dysfunction represents a significant problem in clinical conditions associated with trauma, burn, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and diabetic retinopathy. An important cellular mechanism underlying microvascular leakage is the generation of contractile force from the endothelial cytoskeleton, which counteracts cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions leading to paracellular hyperpermeability. In this review, we present recent experimental evidence supporting the critical role of MLCK-activated, RhoA/ROCK-regulated contractile cytoskeleton in endothelial permeability response to inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli arising from thermal injury, activated neutrophils, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibrinogen degradation products. Further understanding the molecular basis of microvascular barrier structure and function would contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets for treating circulatory disorders and vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Division of Research, Department, of Surgery, University of California, at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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