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Wu Y, Ma Y. CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31192. [PMID: 38284280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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2
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Yuan J. CCR2: A characteristic chemokine receptor in normal and pathological intestine. Cytokine 2023; 169:156292. [PMID: 37437448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), together with its ligands, especially C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), to which CCR2 has the highest affinity, form a noteworthy signaling pathway in recruiting macrophages for the immune responses among variegated disorders in vivo environment. Scientometric methods are used to analyze intestine-related CCR2 expression. We describe the current knowledge on biological function of CCR2 in physiological intestine in three dimensions, namely its effects on stromal cells, angiogenesis, and remodeling. However, anomalous expression of CCR2 has also been conveyed to correlate with detrimental outcomes in intestine, such as infective colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, carcinogenesis, and colon-related metastasis. In this article, we briefly summarize recent experimental works on CCR2 and its ligands, mostly CCL2, in intestinal-related physiological and pathological states to ravel out their working mechanisms in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lin Z, Shi JL, Chen M, Zheng ZM, Li MQ, Shao J. CCL2: An important cytokine in normal and pathological pregnancies: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053457. [PMID: 36685497 PMCID: PMC9852914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is an integral chemotactic factor which recruits macrophages for the immune response. Together with its receptors (e.g., CCR2, ACKR1, and ACKR2), they exert noticeable influences on various diseases of different systems. At the maternal-fetal interface, CCL2 is detected to be expressed in trophoblasts, decidual tissue, the myometrium, and others. Meanwhile, existing reports have determined a series of physiological regulators of CCL2, which functions in maintaining normal recruitment of immunocytes, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. However, abnormal levels of CCL2 have also been reported to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and preterm labor. In this review, we concentrate on CCL2 expression at the maternal-fetal interface, as well as its precise regulatory mechanisms and classic signaling pathways, to reveal the multidimensional aspects of CCL2 in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Meng Zheng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commision (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Singh AK, Kilari S, Cai C, Misra S. Bindarit encapsulated nanoparticles prevent venous neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis in a murine angioplasty model. Transl Res 2022; 248:68-86. [PMID: 35914678 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte and macrophage recruitment occur to the injured vessel wall after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of stenotic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) through increased expression of MCP-1 leading to venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) and venous stenosis (VS). We hypothesized that adventitial delivery of Bindarit, an oral selective inhibitor of MCP-1, -2, and -3 encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles embedded in a thermosensitive Pluronic F127 hydrogel (BN NP) could prevent VNH/VS formation in a murine model of PTA with AVF. Scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the BN NP and control nanoparticles (NP C). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to study drug release kinetics. Immediately after PTA, in a murine model of AVF stenosis, BN NP or NP C was administrated to the adventitia of outflow veins. Animals were sacrificed 3 and 21 days later for gene expression, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Doppler ultrasound was performed weekly. There was no difference in the size and storage modulus of BN NP compared to controls. The pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated increased drug release from BN NP when compared to controls. BN NP-treated vessels had reduced MCP-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3 gene, and protein levels, reduced macrophage/monocyte abundance, proinflammatory cytokines, and venous fibrosis resulting in positive vascular remodeling and improved patency with reduced VNH/VS. There was increased peak velocity 21 days after PTA in the BN NP group. Adventitial administration of BN NP to the outflow vein after PTA results in decreased VNH/VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek K Singh
- Departments of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Vascular and Interventional Translational Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Departments of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Vascular and Interventional Translational Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chuanqui Cai
- Departments of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Vascular and Interventional Translational Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Departments of Radiology Mayo Clinic, Vascular and Interventional Translational Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Zhang H, Yang K, Chen F, Liu Q, Ni J, Cao W, Hua Y, He F, Liu Z, Li L, Fan G. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in cardiovascular disease: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975367. [PMID: 36110847 PMCID: PMC9470149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCL2-CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways that has received special attention because of its function in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Numerous investigations have been performed over the past decades to explore the function of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in cardiovascular disease. Laboratory data on the CCL2-CCR2 axis for cardiovascular disease have shown satisfactory outcomes, yet its clinical translation remains challenging. In this article, we describe the mechanisms of action of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension and myocardial disease. Laboratory and clinical data on the use of the CCL2-CCR2 pathway as a targeted therapy for cardiovascular diseases are summarized. The potential of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diabetes and Its Complications, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ke Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Cao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Li, ; Guanwei Fan,
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Li, ; Guanwei Fan,
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Iwata H, Osborn EA, Ughi GJ, Murakami K, Goettsch C, Hutcheson JD, Mauskapf A, Mattson PC, Libby P, Singh SA, Matamalas J, Aikawa E, Tearney GJ, Aikawa M, Jaffer FA. Highly Selective PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α) Agonist Pemafibrate Inhibits Stent Inflammation and Restenosis Assessed by Multimodality Molecular-Microstructural Imaging. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020834. [PMID: 34632804 PMCID: PMC8751880 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New pharmacological approaches are needed to prevent stent restenosis. This study tested the hypothesis that pemafibrate, a novel clinical selective PPARα (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α) agonist, suppresses coronary stent‐induced arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Yorkshire pigs randomly received either oral pemafibrate (30 mg/day; n=6) or control vehicle (n=7) for 7 days, followed by coronary arterial implantation of 3.5 × 12 mm bare metal stents (2–4 per animal; 44 stents total). On day 7, intracoronary molecular‐structural near‐infrared fluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging was performed to assess the arterial inflammatory response, demonstrating that pemafibrate reduced stent‐induced inflammatory protease activity (near‐infrared fluorescence target‐to‐background ratio: pemafibrate, median [25th‐75th percentile]: 2.8 [2.5–3.3] versus control, 4.1 [3.3–4.3], P=0.02). At day 28, animals underwent repeat near‐infrared fluorescence–optical coherence tomography imaging and were euthanized, and coronary stent tissue molecular and histological analyses. Day 28 optical coherence tomography imaging showed that pemafibrate significantly reduced stent neointima volume (pemafibrate, 43.1 [33.7–54.1] mm3 versus control, 54.2 [41.2–81.1] mm3; P=0.03). In addition, pemafibrate suppressed day 28 stent‐induced cellular inflammation and neointima expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α) and MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and enhanced the smooth muscle differentiation markers calponin and smoothelin. In vitro assays indicated that the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)–myocardin axes mediated the inhibitory effects of pemafibrate on smooth muscle cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pemafibrate reduces preclinical coronary stent inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia following bare metal stent deployment. These results motivate further trials evaluating pemafibrate as a new strategy to prevent clinical stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Eric A Osborn
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Cardiology Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Giovanni J Ughi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Peter C Mattson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Joan Matamalas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Human Pathology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Pathology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
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7
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Ravindran D, Karimi Galougahi K, Tan JTM, Kavurma MM, Bursill CA. The multiple roles of chemokines in the mechanisms of stent biocompatibility. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2299-2308. [PMID: 32196069 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While the advent of drug-eluting stents has been clinically effective in substantially reducing the rates of major stent-related adverse events compared with bare metal stents, vascular biological problems such as neointimal hyperplasia, delayed re-endothelialization, late stent thrombosis are not eliminated and, increasingly, neoatherosclerosis is the underlying mechanism for very late stent failure. Further understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying the biological responses to stent deployment is therefore required so that new and improved therapies can be developed. This review will discuss the accumulating evidence that the chemokines, small inflammatory proteins, play a role in each key biological process of stent biocompatibility. It will address the chemokine system in its specialized roles in regulating the multiple facets of vascular biocompatibility including neointimal hyperplasia, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization and re-endothelialization after vascular injury, platelet activation and thrombosis, as well as neoatherosclerosis. The evidence in this review suggests that chemokine-targeting strategies may be effective in controlling the pathobiological processes that lead to stent failure. Preclinical studies provide evidence that inhibition of specific chemokines and/or broad-spectrum inhibition of the CC-chemokine class prevents neointimal hyperplasia, reduces thrombosis and suppresses the development of neoatherosclerosis. In contrast, however, to these apparent deleterious effects of chemokines on stent biocompatibility, the CXC chemokine, CXCL12, is essential for the mobilization and recruitment of EPCs that make important contributions to re-endothelialization post-stent deployment. This suggests that future chemokine inhibition strategies would need to be correctly targeted so that all key stent biocompatibility areas could be addressed, without compromising important adaptive biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Ravindran
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | | | - Joanne T M Tan
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Vascular Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Vascular Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Yamanaka Y, Gingery A, Oki G, Yang TH, Zhao C, Amadio PC. Effect of a monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis inhibitor on fibroblasts from patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Orthop Sci 2021; 26:295-299. [PMID: 32317146 PMCID: PMC7572818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is an idiopathic fibrotic disorder. Fibrosis in the subsynovial connective tissues (SSCT) of CTS and many other fibrotic diseases is mediated by Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Recently monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) a cytokine involved in cellular recruitment has been suggested to regulate TGF-β activity. It is related to the onset of diseases which are caused by fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and systemic scleroderma. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the MCP-1 synthesis inhibitor, Bindarit, on primary cultures of fibroblasts from the SSCT of five CTS patients. METHODS Fibroblasts were treated with Bindarit (10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, or 300 μM). Responses to inhibitors were evaluated by regulation of CTS fibrosis-associated genes, fibrosis gene array and Smad luciferase reporter assay. We also assessed the combination effect of Bindarit and SD208, a TGF-β receptor type 1 inhibitor on TGF-β signaling. RESULTS Collagen type III A1 (Col3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and SERPINE1 expression were significantly down-regulated by Bindarit (300 μM) compared to vehicle control. In the fibrosis array, expression of inhibin beta E chain precursor (INHBE), beta actin (ACTB), endothelin 1 (EDN1) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) were significantly down-regulated, and integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) was significantly up-regulated by Bindarit (300 μM). Smad signal transduction activation was significantly down-regulated by Bindarit (300 μM) and/or SD208 (1 μM) with TGF-β1 compared to vehicle control with TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Bindarit in combination with SD208 may be beneficial as medical therapy for the SSCT fibrosis associated with CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Anne Gingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gosuke Oki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Tai-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Peter C Amadio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA,Corresponding Author: Peter C. Amadio, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA, Phone: 507-538-1717; Fax: 507-284-5392,
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Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107799. [PMID: 33359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin II and other pro-hypertensive stimuli, the expression of several inflammatory chemokines and their receptors is increased in the target organs, mediating homing of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of key inflammatory chemokines and their receptors to increased accumulation of immune cells in target organs and effects on vascular dysfunction, remodeling, oxidative stress and fibrosis, all of which contribute to blood pressure elevation. In particular, the role of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16, CXCL1, CX3CL1, XCL1 and their receptors in the context of hypertension is discussed. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological or genetic targeting of chemokines and their receptors on the development of hypertension. Promising results indicate that some of these pathways may serve as future therapeutic targets to improve blood pressure control and prevent target organ consequences including kidney failure, heart failure, atherosclerosis or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Nox1/4 inhibition exacerbates age dependent perivascular inflammation and fibrosis in a model of spontaneous hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105235. [PMID: 33131726 PMCID: PMC8316606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with oxidative stress and perivascular inflammation, critical contributors to perivascular fibrosis and accelerated vascular ageing. Oxidative stress can promote vascular inflammation, creating options for potential use of NADPH oxidase inhibitors in pharmacological targeting of perivascular inflammation and its consequences. Accordingly, we characterized age-related changes in oxidative stress and immune cell infiltration in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Subsequently, we used pharmacological inhibitors of Nox1 (ML171) and Nox1/Nox4 (GKT137831; 60 mg/kg), to modulate NADPH oxidase activity at the early stage of spontaneous hypertension and investigated their effects on perivascular inflammation and fibrosis. Results Ageing was associated with a progressive increase of blood pressure as well as an elevation of the total number of leukocytes, macrophages and NK cells infiltrating perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in SHRs but not in WKY. At 1 month of age, when blood pressure was not yet different, only perivascular NK cells were significantly higher in SHR. Spontaneous hypertension was also accompanied by the higher perivascular T cell accumulation, although this increase was age independent. Aortic Nox1 and Nox2 mRNA expression increased with age only in SHR but not in WKY, while age-related increase of Nox4 mRNA in the vessels has been observed in both groups, it was more pronounced in SHRs. At early stage of hypertension (3-months) the most pronounced differences were observed in Nox1 and Nox4. Surprisingly, GKT137831, dual inhibitor of Nox1/4, therapy increased both blood pressure and perivascular macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, this was linked to increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines expression (CCL2 and CCL5) in PVAT. This inflammatory response translated to increased perivascular fibrosis. This effect was likely Nox4 dependent as the Nox1 inhibitor ML171 did not affect the development of spontaneous hypertension, perivascular macrophage accumulation, chemokine expression nor adventitial collagen deposition. In summary, spontaneous hypertension promotes ageing-associated perivascular inflammation which is exacerbated by Nox4 but not Nox1 pharmacological inhibition.
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McKittrick CM, McKee S, Kennedy S, Oldroyd K, Wheel M, Pontrelli G, Dixon S, McGinty S, McCormick C. Combining mathematical modelling with in vitro experiments to predict in vivo drug-eluting stent performance. J Control Release 2019; 303:151-161. [PMID: 30878363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a predictive model of in vivo stent based drug release and distribution that is capable of providing useful insights into performance. In a combined mathematical modelling and experimental approach, we created two novel sirolimus-eluting stent coatings with quite distinct doses and release kinetics. Using readily measurable in vitro data, we then generated parameterised mathematical models of drug release. These were then used to simulate in vivo drug uptake and retention. Finally, we validated our model predictions against data on drug kinetics and efficacy obtained in a small in vivo evaluation. In agreement with the in vivo experimental results, our mathematical model predicted consistently higher sirolimus content in tissue for the higher dose stents compared with the lower dose stents. High dose stents resulted in statistically significant improvements in three key efficacy measures, providing further evidence of a basic relationship between dose and efficacy within DES. However, our mathematical modelling suggests a more complex relationship is at play, with efficacy being dependent not only on delivering an initial dose of drug sufficient to achieve receptor saturation, but also on the consequent drug release rate being tuned to ensure prolonged saturation. In summary, we have demonstrated that our combined in vitro experimental and mathematical modelling framework may be used to predict in vivo DES performance, opening up the possibility of an in silico approach to optimising the drug release profile and ultimately the effectiveness of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M McKittrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sean McKee
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Marcus Wheel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sean McGinty
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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12
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Liu S, Gao H, Gao C, Liu W, Xing D. Bindarit Attenuates Pain and Cancer-Related Inflammation by Influencing Myeloid Cells in a Model of Bone Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:221-229. [PMID: 29234825 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine that functions in inflammation and cancer development. Bindarit, a CCL2 inhibitor, is a small anti-inflammatory molecule proven safe by phase II trials in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. As cancer-related inflammation is a cause of pain, we investigated whether Bindarit suppresses cancer-related inflammation and pain. We established a bone-cancer mouse model by inoculating cancer cells. After applying Bindarit, we preformed pain sensitivity tests and checked cancer development by X-ray. Using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR assays, we assessed the effect of Bindarit on peripheral blood monocyte mobilization and M2 macrophage polarization. We also investigated the targets of Bindarit using western blotting and luciferase assay. Bindarit-treated mice performed better in pain sensitivity tests compare to control mice. X-ray imaging showed that Bindarit-treated mice had fewer cancer cell colonies and smaller overall tumor burden. Bindarit reduced the number of monocytes in peripheral blood and down-regulated the expression of M2 macrophage polarization makers. Bindarit also inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation. Bindarit efficiently relieves cancer-related pain and suppresses cancer development. Bindarit inhibits monocyte mobilization in peripheral blood as well as M2 macrophage polarization. IKKβ is identified as a target of Bindarit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghou Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzheng Gao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguo Xing
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Wu CC, Chen TY, Hsieh MY, Lin L, Yang CW, Chuang SY, Tarng DC. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels and Postangioplasty Restenosis of Arteriovenous Fistulas. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:113-121. [PMID: 27797894 PMCID: PMC5220654 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inflammation is relevant in restenosis of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, but its role in dialysis arteriovenous fistula remains unknown. In animal studies, upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 has been shown in venous segments of arteriovenous fistula. We, therefore, aimed to investigate serial changes in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of dialysis arteriovenous fistulas and its relation to restenosis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Fifty-nine patients with dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas that were referred for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty were enrolled prospectively between January of 2010 and July of 2012. Three of them were excluded due to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty failure or acute infection. Blood was sampled from arteriovenous fistulas at baseline, 2 days, 2 weeks, and 3 months after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Clinical follow-up was continued monthly for 3 months. Angiographic follow-up was arranged at the end of 3 months. Seventeen patients without significant stenosis were enrolled as the control group. RESULTS Fifty-six patients completed clinical follow-up. Significant increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were observed at 2 days and 2 weeks (both P<0.001) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Twenty-three (41%) patients had symptomatic restenosis. The restenosis group had a higher percentage change in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels at 2 days (median =47%; interquartile range, 27%-65% versus median =17%; interquartile range, 10%-25%; P<0.001) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty compared with the patent group. Fifty-two patients completed angiographic follow-up. A positive correlation between relative luminal loss and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increase at 2 days after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was found (r=0.53; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, postangioplasty monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increase at 2 days was an independent predictor of restenosis. Using receiver operator characteristic analysis, >25% postangioplasty increase of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly associated with restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (hazard ratio, 5.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 15.8). CONCLUSIONS Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were elevated 2 days and 2 weeks after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Early postangioplasty increase of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level was associated with restenosis of arteriovenous fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and School of Medicine and
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mu-Yang Hsieh
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Lin
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Hemodialysis Centers, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Der-Cheng Tarng
- Institutes of Physiology and Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Colombo A, Basavarajaiah S, Limbruno U, Picchi A, Lettieri C, Valgimigli M, Sciahbasi A, Prati F, Calabresi M, Pierucci D, Guglielmotti A. A double-blind randomised study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bindarit in preventing coronary stent restenosis. EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 12:e1385-e1394. [DOI: 10.4244/eijy15m12_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Zhu X, Guo J, He C, Geng H, Yu G, Li J, Zheng H, Ji X, Yan F. Ultrasound triggered image-guided drug delivery to inhibit vascular reconstruction via paclitaxel-loaded microbubbles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21683. [PMID: 26899550 PMCID: PMC4761943 DOI: 10.1038/srep21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has been recognized as a promising drug for intervention of vascular reconstructions. However, it is still difficult to achieve local drug delivery in a spatio-temporally controllable manner under real-time image guidance. Here, we introduce an ultrasound (US) triggered image-guided drug delivery approach to inhibit vascular reconstruction via paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded microbubbles (PLM) in a rabbit iliac balloon injury model. PLM was prepared through encapsulating PTX in the shell of lipid microbubbles via film hydration and mechanical vibration technique. Our results showed PLM could effectively deliver PTX when exposed to US irradiation and result in significantly lower viability of vascular smooth muscle cells. Ultrasonographic examinations revealed the US signals from PLM in the iliac artery were greatly increased after intravenous administration of PLM, making it possible to identify the restenosis regions of iliac artery. The in vivo anti-restenosis experiments with PLM and US greatly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia at the injured site, showing an increased lumen area and reduced the ratio of intima area and the media area (I/M ratio). No obvious functional damages to liver and kidney were observed for those animals. Our study provided a promising approach to realize US triggered image-guided PTX delivery for therapeutic applications against iliac restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Cancan He
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaxiao Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Gengsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, 324 Hospital of the PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Bessler WK, Kim G, Hudson FZ, Mund JA, Mali R, Menon K, Kapur R, Clapp DW, Ingram DA, Stansfield BK. Nf1+/- monocytes/macrophages induce neointima formation via CCR2 activation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1129-39. [PMID: 26740548 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a predisposition for premature and severe arterial stenosis. Mutations in the NF1 gene result in decreased expression of neurofibromin, a negative regulator of p21(Ras), and increases Ras signaling. Heterozygous Nf1 (Nf1(+/-)) mice develop a marked arterial stenosis characterized by proliferating smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and a predominance of infiltrating macrophages, which closely resembles arterial lesions from NF1 patients. Interestingly, lineage-restricted inactivation of a single Nf1 allele in monocytes/macrophages is sufficient to recapitulate the phenotype observed in Nf1(+/-) mice and to mobilize proinflammatory CCR2+ monocytes into the peripheral blood. Therefore, we hypothesized that CCR2 receptor activation by its primary ligand monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is critical for monocyte infiltration into the arterial wall and neointima formation in Nf1(+/-) mice. MCP-1 induces a dose-responsive increase in Nf1(+/-) macrophage migration and proliferation that corresponds with activation of multiple Ras kinases. In addition, Nf1(+/-) SMCs, which express CCR2, demonstrate an enhanced proliferative response to MCP-1 when compared with WT SMCs. To interrogate the role of CCR2 activation on Nf1(+/-) neointima formation, we induced neointima formation by carotid artery ligation in Nf1(+/-) and WT mice with genetic deletion of either MCP1 or CCR2. Loss of MCP-1 or CCR2 expression effectively inhibited Nf1(+/-) neointima formation and reduced macrophage content in the arterial wall. Finally, administration of a CCR2 antagonist significantly reduced Nf1(+/-) neointima formation. These studies identify MCP-1 as a potent chemokine for Nf1(+/-) monocytes/macrophages and CCR2 as a viable therapeutic target for NF1 arterial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waylan K Bessler
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Grace Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Farlyn Z Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Julie A Mund
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and
| | - Raghuveer Mali
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Keshav Menon
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David A Ingram
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brian K Stansfield
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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17
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Ali MT, Martin K, Kumar AHS, Cavallin E, Pierrou S, Gleeson BM, McPheat WL, Turner EC, Huang CL, Khider W, Vaughan C, Caplice NM. A novel CX3CR1 antagonist eluting stent reduces stenosis by targeting inflammation. Biomaterials 2015; 69:22-9. [PMID: 26275859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel drug eluting stent (DES) inhibiting inflammation and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. We identified CX3CR1 as a targetable receptor for prevention of monocyte adhesion and inflammation and in-stent neointimal hyperplasia without interfering with stent re-endothelization. Efficacy of AZ12201182 (AZ1220), a CX3CR1 antagonist was evaluated in inhibition of monocyte attachment in vitro. A prototype AZ1220 eluting PLGA-based polymer coated stent developed with an optimal elution profile and dose of 1 μM/stent was tested over 4 weeks in a porcine model of coronary artery stenting. Polymer coated stents without AZ1220 and bare metal stents were used as controls. AZ1220 inhibited monocyte attachment to CX3CL1 in a dose dependent manner. AZ1220 eluted from polymer coated stents in an ex vivo flow system retained bioactivity in inhibiting monocyte attachment to CX3CL1. At 4 weeks following deployment, AZ1220 eluting stents significantly reduced (∼60%) in-stent stenosis compared to both bare metal and polymer only coated stents and markedly reduced peri-stent inflammation and monocyte/macrophage accumulation without affecting re-endothelization. Anti-CX3CR1 drug eluting stents potently inhibited in-stent stenosis and may offer an alternative to mTOR targeting by current DES, specifically inhibiting polymer-induced inflammatory response and SMC proliferation, while retaining an equivalent re-endothelization response to bare metal stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Ali
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Martin
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Arun H S Kumar
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erika Cavallin
- Translational Sciences, iMED CVMD, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pierrou
- Bioscience Department, CVGI, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Birgitta M Gleeson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Elizebeth C Turner
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wisam Khider
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Modulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase as a strategy to reduce vascular inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 15:320. [PMID: 23512604 PMCID: PMC3631116 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-013-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which initial vascular damage leads to extensive macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration. Although acutely glucocorticoids suppress inflammation, chronic glucocorticoid excess worsens atherosclerosis, possibly by exacerbating systemic cardiovascular risk factors. However, glucocorticoid action within the lesion may reduce neointimal proliferation and inflammation. Glucocorticoid levels within cells do not necessarily reflect circulating levels due to pre-receptor metabolism by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs). 11β-HSD2 converts active glucocorticoids into inert 11-keto forms. 11β-HSD1 catalyses the reverse reaction, regenerating active glucocorticoids. 11β-HSD2-deficiency/inhibition causes hypertension, whereas deficiency/inhibition of 11β-HSD1 generates a cardioprotective lipid profile and improves glycemic control. Importantly, 11β-HSD1-deficiency/inhibition is atheroprotective, whereas 11β-HSD2-deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis. These effects are largely independent of systemic risk factors, reflecting modulation of glucocorticoid action and inflammation within the vasculature. Here, we consider whether evidence linking the 11β-HSDs to vascular inflammation suggests these isozymes are potential therapeutic targets in vascular injury and atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
Mast cells are increasingly being recognized as effector cells in many cardiovascular conditions. Many mast-cell-derived products such as tryptase and chymase can, through their enzymic action, have detrimental effects on blood vessel structure while mast cell-derived mediators such as cytokines and chemokines can perpetuate vascular inflammation. Mice lacking mast cells have been developed and these are providing an insight into how mast cells are involved in cardiovascular diseases and, as knowledge increase, mast cells may become a viable therapeutic target to slow progression of cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Maddaluno M, Grassia G, Di Lauro MV, Parisi A, Maione F, Cicala C, De Filippis D, Iuvone T, Guglielmotti A, Maffia P, Mascolo N, Ialenti A. Bindarit inhibits human coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and phenotypic switching. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47464. [PMID: 23077623 PMCID: PMC3471825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bindarit, a selective inhibitor of monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) synthesis, reduces neointimal formation in animal models of vascular injury and recently has been shown to inhibit in-stent late loss in a placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of bindarit in controlling neointimal formation/restenosis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of bindarit on human coronary smooth muscle cells activation, drawing attention to the phenotypic modulation process, focusing on contractile proteins expression as well as proliferation and migration. The expression of contractile proteins was evaluated by western blot analysis on cultured human coronary smooth muscle cells stimulated with TNF-α (30 ng/mL) or fetal bovine serum (5%). Bindarit (100-300 µM) reduced the embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain while increased smooth muscle α-actin and calponin in both TNF-α- and fetal bovine serum-stimulated cells. These effects were associated with the inhibition of human coronary smooth muscle cell proliferation/migration and both MCP-1 and MCP-3 production. The effect of bindarit on smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching was confirmed in vivo in the rat balloon angioplasty model. Bindarit (200 mg/Kg/day) significantly reduced the expression of the embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and increased smooth muscle α-actin and calponin in the rat carodid arteries subjected to endothelial denudation. Our results demonstrate that bindarit induces the differentiated state of human coronary smooth muscle cells, suggesting a novel underlying mechanisms by which this drug inhibits neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Maddaluno
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Grassia
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Parisi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Iuvone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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21
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Paccosi S, Musilli C, Mangano G, Guglielmotti A, Parenti A. The monocyte chemotactic protein synthesis inhibitor bindarit prevents mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:526-35. [PMID: 22982961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular expression of chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (MCP-1/CCL2) correlates with the degree of renal damage, suggesting a role of this chemokine in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Bindarit is an original indazolic derivative able to inhibit MCPs synthesis and to significantly decrease MCP-1/CCL2 urinary excretion in patients with Lupus Nephritis, in correlation with reduction in albuminuria. Aim of the present work was to elucidate the effect of MCP-1/CCL2 synthesis inhibition on in vitro models of mesangial cell dysfunction. ET1 (10nM) and AngII (10nM) significantly stimulated MCP-1/CCL2 release by human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) after 3-12h stimulation. Bindarit (10-300 μM) significantly inhibited MCP-1/CCL2 release in response to both stimuli within 12h. Bindarit also inhibited mRNA MCP-1/CCL2 expression, confirming an effect of the drug at transcriptional level. Bindarit significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited HRMC proliferation, measured as either cell duplication or total DNA/well, and impaired mRNA collagen IV expression, collagen deposition and fibronectin expression induced by AngII and ET1. Exposure of HRMCs to bindarit also impaired MMP2 activation in response to both stimuli, measured by means of gelatin zymography. These data confirm the important role of MCP-1/CCL2 synthesis in mesangial cell dysfunction and support the potential of therapeutic intervention targeting this chemokine in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paccosi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Sanders WG, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Cheung AK, Terry CM. Soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in a porcine model of arteriovenous graft stenosis and anti-inflammatory effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C278-90. [PMID: 22621785 PMCID: PMC3423029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00386.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts, placed between an artery and vein, are used for hemodialysis but often fail due to stenosis, typically at the vein-graft anastomosis. This study recorded T lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation at the vein-graft anastomosis, suggesting a role for inflammation in stenosis development. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), products of cytochrome P-450 epoxidation of arachidonic acid, have vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects including inhibition of platelet activation, cell migration, and adhesion. EETs are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to less active diols. The effects of a specific inhibitor of sEH (sEHI) on cytokine release from human monocytes and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ) from wild-type (WT) and sEH knockout (KO) animals were investigated. Expression of sEH protein increased over time at the anastomosis as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pre-exposure of adherent human monocytes to sEHI (5 μM) significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α and enhanced the EET-to-diol ratio. Release of MCP-1 from WT BMMΦ was significantly inhibited but release from sEH KO BMMΦ was not attenuated indicating the specificity of the sEHI. In contrast, sEHI did not inhibit the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 or interleukin-6. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as assessed by immunocytochemical staining, was not decreased with sEHI in monocytes, but the phosphorylation of JNK was completely abrogated, suggesting this pathway is the target of sEHI effects in monocytes. These results suggest that sEHI may be useful for inhibition of inflammation and subsequently stenosis in AV grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Sanders
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Targeting monocyte chemotactic protein-1 synthesis with bindarit induces tumor regression in prostate and breast cancer animal models. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:585-601. [PMID: 22484917 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are major causes of death worldwide, mainly due to patient relapse upon disease recurrence through formation of metastases. Chemokines are small proteins with crucial roles in the immune system, and their regulation is finely tuned in early inflammatory responses. They are key molecules during inflammatory processes, and many studies are focusing on their regulatory functions in tumor growth and angiogenesis during metastatic cell seeding and spreading. Bindarit is an anti-inflammatory indazolic derivative that can inhibit the synthesis of MCP-1/CCL2, with a potential inhibitory function in tumor progression and metastasis formation. We show here that in vitro, bindarit can modulate cancer-cell proliferation and migration, mainly through negative regulation of TGF-β and AKT signaling, and it can impair the NF-κB signaling pathway through enhancing the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IkB-α. In vivo administration of bindarit results in impaired metastatic disease in prostate cancer xenograft mice (PC-3M-Luc2 cells injected intra-cardially) and impairment of local tumorigenesis in syngeneic Balb/c mice injected under the mammary gland with murine breast cancer cells (4T1-Luc cells). In addition, bindarit treatment significantly decreases the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in 4T1-Luc primary tumors. Overall, our data indicate that bindarit is a good candidate for new therapies against prostate and breast tumorigenesis, with an action through impairment of inflammatory cell responses during formation of the tumor-stroma niche microenvironment.
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Mora E, Guglielmotti A, Biondi G, Sassone-Corsi P. Bindarit: an anti-inflammatory small molecule that modulates the NFκB pathway. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:159-69. [PMID: 22189654 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.1.18559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor (NF)κB pathway and its transducing signaling cascade has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The central role that IκBα and p65 phosphorylation play in regulating NFκB signalling in response to inflammatory stimuli made these proteins attractive targets for therapeutic strategies. Although several chemical classes of NFκB inhibitors have been identified, it is only for a few of those that a safety assessment based on a comprehensive understanding of their pharmacologic mechanism of action has been reported. Here, we describe the specific anti-inflammatory effect of bindarit, an indazolic derivative that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of models of inflammatory diseases (including lupus nephritis, arthritis and pancreatitis). The therapeutic effects of bindarit have been associated with its ability to selectively interfere with monocyte recruitment and the "early inflammatory response," although its specific molecular mechanisms have remained ill-defined. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of bindarit on the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and MCPs, IL-12β/p40, IL-6 and IL-8/KC) in both a mouse leukaemic monocyte-macrophage cell line and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Bindarit inhibits the LPS-induced MCP-1 and IL-12β/p40 expression without affecting other analyzed cytokines. The effect of bindarit is mediated by the downregulation of the classical NFκB pathway, involving a reduction of IκBα and p65 phosphorylation, a reduced activation of NFκB dimers and a subsequently reduced nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Bindarit showed a specific inhibitory effect on the p65 and p65/p50 induced MCP-1 promoter activation, with no effect on other tested activated promoters. We conclude that bindarit acts on a specific subpopulation of NFκB isoforms and selects its targets wihtin the whole NFκB inflammatory pathway. These findings pave the way for future applications of bindarit as modulator of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mora
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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