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Williams JN, Irwin M, Li Y, Kambrath AV, Mattingly BT, Patel S, Kittaka M, Collins RN, Clough NA, Doud EH, Mosley AL, Bellido T, Bruzzaniti A, Plotkin LI, Trinidad JC, Thompson WR, Bonewald LF, Sankar U. Osteocyte-Derived CaMKK2 Regulates Osteoclasts and Bone Mass in a Sex-Dependent Manner through Secreted Calpastatin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4718. [PMID: 36902150 PMCID: PMC10003151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) regulates bone remodeling through its effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, its role in osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell type and the master regulator of bone remodeling, remains unknown. Here we report that the conditional deletion of CaMKK2 from osteocytes using Dentine matrix protein 1 (Dmp1)-8kb-Cre mice led to enhanced bone mass only in female mice owing to a suppression of osteoclasts. Conditioned media isolated from female CaMKK2-deficient osteocytes inhibited osteoclast formation and function in in vitro assays, indicating a role for osteocyte-secreted factors. Proteomics analysis revealed significantly higher levels of extracellular calpastatin, a specific inhibitor of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases calpains, in female CaMKK2 null osteocyte conditioned media, compared to media from female control osteocytes. Further, exogenously added non-cell permeable recombinant calpastatin domain I elicited a marked, dose-dependent inhibition of female wild-type osteoclasts and depletion of calpastatin from female CaMKK2-deficient osteocyte conditioned media reversed the inhibition of matrix resorption by osteoclasts. Our findings reveal a novel role for extracellular calpastatin in regulating female osteoclast function and unravel a novel CaMKK2-mediated paracrine mechanism of osteoclast regulation by female osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mavis Irwin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anuradha Valiya Kambrath
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brett T. Mattingly
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheel Patel
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Mizuho Kittaka
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rebecca N. Collins
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Clough
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - William R. Thompson
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lynda F. Bonewald
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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2
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Yi C, Chen F, Ma R, Fu Z, Song M, Zhang Z, Chen L, Tang X, Lu P, Li B, Zhang Q, Song Q, Zhu G, Wang W, Wang Q, Wang X. Serum level of calpains product as a novel biomarker of acute lung injury following cardiopulmonary bypass. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000761. [PMID: 36465445 PMCID: PMC9709320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether serum level of calpains could become a meaningful biomarker for diagnosis of acute lung injury (ALI) in clinical after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technology. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy consecutive adults underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were included in this prospective study. Based on the American-European Consensus Criteria (AECC), these patients were divided into ALI (n = 20, 28.57%) and non-ALI (n = 50, 71.43%) groups. Serum level of calpains in terms of calpains' activity which was expressed as relative fluorescence unit (RFU) per microliter and measured at beginning of CPB (baseline), 1 h during CPB, end of CPB as well as 1, 12, and 24 h after CPB. Difference of serum level of calpains between two groups first appeared at the end of CPB and remained different at subsequent test points. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that serum level of calpains 1 h after CPB was an independent predictor for postoperative ALI (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.001, 1.021, p = 0.033) and correlated with a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio in the first 2 days (The first day: r = -0.389, p < 0.001 and the second day: r = -0.320, p = 0.007) as well as longer mechanical ventilation time (r = 0.440, p < 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (r = 0.419, p < 0.001) and hospital LOS (r = 0.297, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Elevated serum level of calpains correlate with impaired lung function and poor clinical outcomes, indicating serum level of calpains could act as a potential biomarker for postoperative ALI following CPB in adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05610475], identifier [NCT05610475].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingdi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Operating Theatre, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qifeng Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Weninger G, Pochechueva T, El Chami D, Luo X, Kohl T, Brandenburg S, Urlaub H, Guan K, Lenz C, Lehnart SE. Calpain cleavage of Junctophilin-2 generates a spectrum of calcium-dependent cleavage products and DNA-rich NT 1-fragment domains in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10387. [PMID: 35725601 PMCID: PMC9209451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-activated neutral proteases involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways. Junctophilin-2 (JP2) is a Calpain-specific proteolytic target and essential structural protein inside Ca2+ release units required for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. While downregulation of JP2 by Calpain cleavage in heart failure has been reported, the precise molecular identity of the Calpain cleavage sites and the (patho-)physiological roles of the JP2 proteolytic products remain controversial. We systematically analyzed the JP2 cleavage fragments as function of Calpain-1 versus Calpain-2 proteolytic activities, revealing that both Calpain isoforms preferentially cleave mouse JP2 at R565, but subsequently at three additional secondary Calpain cleavage sites. Moreover, we identified the Calpain-specific primary cleavage products for the first time in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Knockout of RyR2 in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes destabilized JP2 resulting in an increase of the Calpain-specific cleavage fragments. The primary N-terminal cleavage product NT1 accumulated in the nucleus of mouse and human cardiomyocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner, closely associated with euchromatic chromosomal regions, where NT1 is proposed to function as a cardio-protective transcriptional regulator in heart failure. Taken together, our data suggest that stabilizing NT1 by preventing secondary cleavage events by Calpain and other proteases could be an important therapeutic target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Weninger
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tatiana Pochechueva
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dana El Chami
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC2067), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören Brandenburg
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC2067), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Proteomanalyse, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Proteomanalyse, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 "Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells", University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC2067), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Samokhina LM, Lomako VV. Activity of Chymase, Tonin, and Calpains in Tissues of Male and Female Rats of Different Ages. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Bensaada I, Robin B, Perez J, Salemkour Y, Chipont A, Camus M, Lemoine M, Guyonnet L, Lazareth H, Letavernier E, Hénique C, Tharaux PL, Lenoir O. Calpastatin prevents Angiotensin II-mediated podocyte injury through maintenance of autophagy. Kidney Int 2021; 100:90-106. [PMID: 33675847 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The strong predictive value of proteinuria in chronic glomerulopathies is firmly established as well as the pathogenic role of angiotensin II promoting progression of glomerular disease with an altered glomerular filtration barrier, podocyte injury and scarring of glomeruli. Here we found that chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension inhibited autophagy flux in mouse glomeruli. Deletion of Atg5 (a gene encoding a protein involved autophagy) specifically in the podocyte resulted in accelerated angiotensin II-induced podocytopathy, accentuated albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. This indicates that autophagy is a key protective mechanism in the podocyte in this condition. Angiotensin-II induced calpain activity in podocytes inhibits autophagy flux. Podocytes from mice with transgenic expression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin displayed higher podocyte autophagy at baseline that was resistant to angiotensin II-dependent inhibition. Also, sustained autophagy with calpastatin limited podocyte damage and albuminuria. These findings suggest that hypertension has pathogenic effects on the glomerular structure and function, in part through activation of calpains leading to blockade of podocyte autophagy. These findings uncover an original mechanism whereby angiotensin II-mediated hypertension inhibits autophagy via calcium-induced recruitment of calpain with pathogenic consequences in case of imbalance by calpastatin activity. Thus, preventing a calpain-mediated decrease in autophagy may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for nephropathies associated with high renin-angiotensin system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise Robin
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna Chipont
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Lea Guyonnet
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
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6
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Kyselova A, Elgheznawy A, Wittig I, Heidler J, Mann AW, Ruf W, Fleming I, Randriamboavonjy V. Platelet-derived calpain cleaves the endothelial protease-activated receptor 1 to induce vascular inflammation in diabetes. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:75. [PMID: 33258989 PMCID: PMC7716944 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Platelets from diabetic patients are hyperreactive and release microparticles that carry activated cysteine proteases or calpains. Whether platelet-derived calpains contribute to the development of vascular complications in diabetes is unknown. Here we report that platelet-derived calpain1 (CAPN1) cleaves the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) on the surface of endothelial cells, which then initiates a signaling cascade that includes the activation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE). The latter elicits the shedding of the endothelial protein C receptor and the generation of TNF-α, which in turn, induces intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression to promote monocyte adhesion. All of the effects of CAPN1 were mimicked by platelet-derived microparticles from diabetic patients or from wild-type mice but not from CAPN1−/− mice, and were not observed in PAR-1-deficient endothelial cells. Importantly, aortae from diabetic mice expressed less PAR-1 but more ICAM-1 than non-diabetic mice, effects that were prevented by treating diabetic mice with a calpain inhibitor as well as by the platelet specific deletion of CAPN1. Thus, platelet-derived CAPN1 contributes to the initiation of the sterile vascular inflammation associated with diabetes via the cleavage of PAR-1 and the release of TNF-α from the endothelial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kyselova
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amro Elgheznawy
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Ruf
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Calpain proteolytic systems counteract endothelial cell adaptation to inflammatory environments. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:5. [PMID: 32266045 PMCID: PMC7114782 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) make up the innermost surface of arteries, veins, and capillaries, separating the remaining layers of the vessel wall from circulating blood. Under non-inflammatory conditions, ECs are quiescent and form a robust barrier structure; however, exposure to inflammatory stimuli induces changes in the expression of EC proteins that control transcellular permeability and facilitate angiogenic tube formation. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction in intracellular proteolytic systems disturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment, leading to vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and pathological angiogenesis. Recent work has highlighted the contribution of the calpain–calpastatin stress-responsive intracellular proteolytic system to adaptation failure in ECs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of calpain–calpastatin-mediated physiologic and pathogenic regulation in ECs and discuss the molecular basis by which disruption of this system perturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment.
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8
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Autoactivation and calpain-1-mediated shedding of hepsin in human hepatoma cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:2355-2369. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHepsin is a transmembrane serine protease implicated in many biological processes, including hepatocyte growth, urinary protein secretion, auditory nerve development, and cancer metastasis. Zymogen activation is critical for hepsin function. To date, how hepsin is activated and regulated in cells remains an enigma. In this study, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis, cell expression, plasma membrane protein labeling, trypsin digestion, Western blotting, and flow cytometry experiments in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, where hepsin was originally discovered, and SMMC-7721 cells. Our results show that hepsin is activated by autocatalysis on the cell surface but not intracellularly. Moreover, we show that hepsin undergoes ectodomain shedding. In the conditioned medium from HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, we detected a soluble fragment comprising nearly the entire extracellular region of hepsin. By testing protease inhibitors, gene knockdown, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified calpain-1 as a primary protease that acted extracellularly to cleave Tyr52 in the juxtamembrane space of hepsin. These results provide new insights into the biochemical and cellular mechanisms that regulate hepsin expression and activity.
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9
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Hanouna G, Tang E, Perez J, Vandermeersch S, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. Preventing Calpain Externalization by Reducing ABCA1 Activity with Probenecid Limits Melanoma Angiogenesis and Development. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:445-454. [PMID: 31425704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calpains, intracellular proteases specifically inhibited by calpastatin, play a major role in neoangiogenesis involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. They are partly exteriorized via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) transporter, but the importance of this process in tumor growth is still unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of extracellular calpains in a model of melanoma by blocking their extracellular activity or exteriorization. In the first approach, a B16-F10 model of melanoma was developed in transgenic mice expressing high extracellular levels of calpastatin. In these mice, tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold compared with wild-type animals. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tumor studies have demonstrated that this protection was associated with a defect in tumor neoangiogenesis. Similarly, in wild-type animals given probenecid to blunt ABCA1 activity, melanoma tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold. Again, this response was associated with a defect in neoangiogenesis. In vitro studies confirmed that probenecid limited endothelial cell migration and capillary formation from vascular explants. The observed reduction in fibronectin cleavage under these conditions is potentially involved in the response. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that probenecid, by blunting ABCA1 activity and thereby calpain exteriorization, limits melanoma tumor neoangiogenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hanouna
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Ellie Tang
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vandermeersch
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
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10
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Ruppert AM, Baud L, Rabbe N, Perez J, Duruisseaux M, Vieira T, Antoine M, Cadranel J, Wislez M. Calpain 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with poor prognosis in lepidic predominant pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:179-188. [PMID: 30683309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 1 is a proinflammatory calcium-activated cysteine protease, which can be partly externalized. Extracellular calpains limit inflammatory processes and promote tissue repair, through cell proliferation and migration. Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 has been identified as a target of extracellular calpains in lymphocytes. The aim was to investigate the externalization of calpain 1 and the release of soluble TLR2 during tumor progression of pulmonary lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA). Extracellular calpain 1, soluble fragment of TLR2 and cytokines were analyzed by ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants from patients with LPA (n=68). Source of calpain was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and soluble TLR2 by flow cytometry on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and human lung cancer cell lines. Extracellular calpain 1, secreted by tumor cells, was associated to tumor progression, neutrophilic inflammation, with a poor prognostic factor on survival (P=0.003). TLR2 was expressed on PMN and tumor cells and decreased after calpain exposure. Soluble fragment of TLR2 in BALF supernatants was correlated to the extracellular calpain 1 concentration (r=0.624; P<0.001), and its high level was associated with tumor progression and a pro-inflammatory environment. Extracellular calpain 1 secreted by tumor cells, could participate in inflammatory microenvironment and tumor progression through TLR2 in LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Ruppert
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France; Hôpitaux universitaires de l'est parisien, hôpital Tenon (AP-HP), service de pneumologie, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 4, rue de la Chine, 75252 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR_S1155, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rabbe
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France; Hôpitaux universitaires de l'est parisien, hôpital Tenon (AP-HP), service de pneumologie, 75970 Paris, France; Paris Descartes université, équipe « cancer, immune control and escape », centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMR_S1138, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris centre, hôpital Cochin, unité d'oncologie thoracique, service de pneumologie, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 4, rue de la Chine, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Thibault Vieira
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires de l'est parisien, hôpital Tenon, service de cytologie et anatomie pathologique, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France; Hôpitaux universitaires de l'est parisien, hôpital Tenon (AP-HP), service de pneumologie, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- Sorbonne université, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France; Hôpitaux universitaires de l'est parisien, hôpital Tenon (AP-HP), service de pneumologie, 75970 Paris, France; Paris Descartes université, équipe « cancer, immune control and escape », centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMR_S1138, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris centre, hôpital Cochin, unité d'oncologie thoracique, service de pneumologie, 75014 Paris, France.
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11
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Kryza T, Parent C, Pardessus J, Petit A, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Reverdiau P, Iochmann S, Labas V, Courty Y, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Human kallikrein-related peptidase 12 stimulates endothelial cell migration by remodeling the fibronectin matrix. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6331. [PMID: 29679011 PMCID: PMC5910384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) is a kallikrein family peptidase involved in angiogenesis - a complex biological process in which the sprouting, migration and stabilization of endothelial cells requires extracellular matrix remodeling. To characterize the molecular mechanisms associated with KLK12's proangiogenic activity, we evaluated its ability to hydrolyze various matrix proteins. Our results show that KLK12 efficiently cleaved the human extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and tenascin, both of which are involved in the regulation of endothelial cell adhesion and migration. For fibronectin, the major proteolytic product generated by KLK12 was a 29 kDa fragment containing the amino-terminal domain and the first five type I fibronectin-domains, which are essential for regulating fibronectin assembly. We also demonstrated that KLK12-mediated fibronectin proteolysis antagonizes fibronectin polymerization and fibronectin fibril formation by endothelial cells, leading to an increase in cell migration. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody raised against KLK12's proteolytic cleavage site on fibronectin prevented the KLK12-dependent inhibition of fibronectin polymerization and the KLK12-mediated pro-migratory effect on endothelial cells. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that KLK12's proangiogenic effect is mediated through several molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kryza
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Parent
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - J Pardessus
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - A Petit
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - J Burlaud-Gaillard
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.,Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - P Reverdiau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - S Iochmann
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - V Labas
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais de Tours, IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,PAIB, CIRE, INRA, CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Courty
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France. .,Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.
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12
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Longo V, Rebulla P, Pupella S, Zolla L, Rinalducci S. Proteomic characterization of platelet gel releasate from adult peripheral and cord blood. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 10:870-82. [PMID: 27377258 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activated platelet gel (PG) derived from adult peripheral blood (APB) has been extensively used for topical therapy of various clinical conditions. Conversely, few observations on PG from umbilical cord blood (CB) have been reported so far. Although PG preparations are known to contain a high concentration of a large number of biological factors involved in inflammation and tissue repair, their comprehensive characterization is still missing. The innovative goal of our research was to use proteomics technologies in order to profile biologically active components in these blood derivatives. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Supernatants recovered from three independent APB and CB-derived PGs, prepared using batroxobin, were enriched for low-abundance proteins with ProteoMiner and subsequently analyzed by GeLC-MS/MS. RESULTS The 751 and 760 proteins were identified in the APB and CB-derived PG releasates, respectively. A core dataset including only proteins found in 2/3 and 3/3 biological replicates was generated and functionally characterized by gene ontology. Searching against Vesiclepedia database showed that 33% of our dataset consists of novel releasate proteins. Comparison between the two types of PG secretomes revealed that 117 proteins are present only in the APB-derived samples, 104 proteins are distinctive of the CB-derived samples, and 229 are in common. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study highlighted a differential content of proteins supporting tissue repair and regeneration between APB and CB-derived PGs. These findings may help better identifying future appropriate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Longo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Rebulla
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pupella
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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13
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Specific calpain inhibition protects kidney against inflammaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8016. [PMID: 28808241 PMCID: PMC5556007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are ubiquitous pro-inflammatory proteases, whose activity is controlled by calpastatin, their specific inhibitor. Transgenic mice over-expressing rabbit calpastatin (CalpTG) are protected against vascular remodelling and angiotensin II-dependent inflammation. We hypothesized that specific calpain inhibition would protect against aging-related lesions in arteries and kidneys. We analysed tissues from 2-months and 2-years-old CalpTG and wild-type mice and performed high throughput RNA-Sequencing of kidney tissue in aged mice. In addition, we analysed inflammatory response in the kidney of aged CalpTG and wild-type mice, and in both in vivo (monosodium urate peritonitis) and in vitro models of inflammation. At two years, CalpTG mice had preserved kidney tissue, less vascular remodelling and less markers of senescence than wild-type mice. Nevertheless, CalpTG mice lifespan was not extended, due to the development of lethal spleen tumors. Inflammatory pathways were less expressed in aged CalpTG mice, especially cytokines related to NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CalpTG mice had reduced macrophage infiltration with aging and CalpTG mice produced less IL-1α and IL-1β in vivo in response to inflammasome activators. In vitro, macrophages from CalpTG mice produced less IL-1α in response to particulate activators of inflammasome. Calpains inhibition protects against inflammaging, limiting kidney and vascular lesions related to aging.
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14
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Lamothe SM, Song W, Guo J, Li W, Yang T, Baranchuk A, Graham CH, Zhang S. Hypoxia reduces mature hERG channels through calpain up‐regulation. FASEB J 2017; 31:5068-5077. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700255r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Lamothe
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - WonJu Song
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Kingston General HospitalQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Charles H. Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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15
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Kumar V, Ahmad A. Targeting calpains: A novel immunomodulatory approach for microbial infections. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:28-44. [PMID: 28789934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of Ca2+ dependent cytosolic non-lysosomal proteases with well conserved cysteine-rich domains for enzymatic activity. Due to their functional dependency on Ca2+ concentrations, they are involved in various cellular processes that are regulated by intracellular ca2+ concentration (i.e. embryo development, cell development and migration, maintenance of cellular architecture and structure etc.). Calpains are widely studied proteases in mammalian (i.e. mouse and human) physiology and pathophysiology due to their ubiquitous presence. For example, these proteases have been found to be involved in various inflammatory disorders such as neurodegeneration, cancer, brain and myocardial ischemia and infarction, cataract and muscular dystrophies etc. Besides their role in these sterile inflammatory conditions, calpains have also been shown to regulate a wide range of infectious diseases (i.e. sepsis, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea and bacillary dysentery etc.). One of these regulatory mechanisms mediated by calpains (i.e. calpain 1 and 2) during microbial infections involves the regulation of innate immune response, inflammation and cell death. Thus, the major emphasis of this review is to highlight the importance of calpains in the pathogenesis of various microbial (i.e. bacterial, fungal and viral) diseases and the use of calpain modulators as potential immunomodulators in microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of innate immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.
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16
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Wan F, Letavernier E, Abid S, Houssaini A, Czibik G, Marcos E, Rideau D, Parpaleix A, Lipskaia L, Amsellem V, Gellen B, Sawaki D, Derumeaux G, Dubois-Randé JL, Delcroix M, Quarck R, Baud L, Adnot S. Extracellular Calpain/Calpastatin Balance Is Involved in the Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:337-51. [PMID: 26974350 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive growth of pulmonary arterial (PA) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a major component of PA hypertension (PAH). The calcium-activated neutral cysteine proteases calpains 1 and 2, expressed by PASMCs, contribute to PH but are tightly controlled by a single specific inhibitor, calpastatin. Our objective was to investigate calpastatin during pulmonary hypertension (PH) progression and its potential role as an intracellular and/or extracellular effector. We assessed calpains and calpastatin in patients with idiopathic PAH and mice with hypoxic or spontaneous (SM22-5HTT(+) strain) PH. To assess intracellular and extracellular roles for calpastatin, we studied effects of the calpain inhibitor PD150606 on hypoxic PH in mice with calpastatin overexpression driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV-Cast) or C-reactive protein (CRP) promoter (CRP-Cast), inducing increased calpastatin production ubiquitously and in the liver, respectively. Chronically hypoxic and SM22-5HTT(+) mice exhibited increased lung calpastatin and calpain 1 and 2 protein levels and activity, both intracellularly and extracellularly. Prominent calpastatin and calpain immunostaining was found in PASMCs of remodeled vessels in mice and patients with PAH, who also exhibited increased plasma calpastatin levels. CMV-Cast and CRP-Cast mice showed similarly decreased PH severity compared with wild-type mice, with no additional effect of PD150606 treatment. In cultured PASMCs from wild-type and CMV-Cast mice, exogenous calpastatin decreased cell proliferation and migration with similar potency as PD150606 and suppressed fibronectin-induced potentiation. These results indicate that calpastatin limits PH severity via extracellular mechanisms. They suggest a new approach to the development of treatments for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wan
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche_accredited by INSERM 1155, and Department of Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (DHU Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy), Paris, France, and Department of Physiology, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Amal Houssaini
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Rideau
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Aurélien Parpaleix
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Amsellem
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Genevieve Derumeaux
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France; and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France; and
| | - Marion Delcroix
- 4 Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- 4 Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Baud
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche_accredited by INSERM 1155, and Department of Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (DHU Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy), Paris, France, and Department of Physiology, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- 1 INSERM Unit 955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Aging-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, Créteil, France, and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris-Est Créteil, France
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu NM, Wang Y, Youn JY, Cai H. Endothelial cell calpain as a critical modulator of angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1326-1335. [PMID: 28366876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent non-lysosomal cysteine proteases. In particular, calpains residing in the endothelial cells play important roles in angiogenesis. It has been shown that calpain activity can be increased in endothelial cells by growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF/VEGFR2 induces calpain 2 dependent activation of PI3K/AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway, and consequent nitric oxide production and physiological angiogenesis. Under pathological conditions such as tumor angiogenesis, endothelial calpains can be activated by hypoxia. This review focuses on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of calpain activation, and the newly identified mechanistic roles and downstream signaling events of calpains in physiological angiogenesis, and in the conditions of pathological tumor angiogenesis and diabetic wound healing, as well as retinopathy and atherosclerosis that are also associated with an increase in calpain activity. Further discussed include the differential strategies of modulating angiogenesis through manipulating calpain expression/activity in different pathological settings. Targeted limitation of angiogenesis in cancer and targeted promotion of angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing via modulations of calpains and calpain-dependent signaling mechanisms are of significant translational potential. Emerging strategies of tissue-specific targeting, environment-dependent targeting, and genome-targeted editing may turn out to be effective regimens for targeted manipulation of angiogenesis through calpain pathways, for differential treatments including both attenuation of tumor angiogenesis and potentiation of diabetic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Norika Mengchia Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Youn JY, Cai H. Protein Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in Calpain-dependent Feedback Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR2) in Endothelial Cells: IMPLICATIONS IN VEGF-DEPENDENT ANGIOGENESIS AND DIABETIC WOUND HEALING. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:407-416. [PMID: 27872190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.766832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The VEGF/VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway is essential to VEGF-induced angiogenesis. We have previously discovered a novel role of calpain in mediating VEGF-induced PI3K/AMPK/Akt/eNOS activation through Ezrin. Here, we sought to identify possible feedback regulation of VEGFR2 by calpain via its substrate protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and the relevance of this pathway to VEGF-induced angiogenesis, especially in diabetic wound healing. Overexpression of PTP1B inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation in bovine aortic endothelial cells, while PTP1B siRNA increased both, implicating negative regulation of VEGFR2 by PTP1B. Calpain inhibitor ALLN induced VEGFR2 activation, which can be completely blocked by PTP1B overexpression. Calpain activation induced by overexpression or Ca/A23187 resulted in PTP1B cleavage, which can be blocked by ALLN. Moreover, calpain activation inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation, which can be restored by PTP1B siRNA. These data implicate calpain/PTP1B negative feedback regulation of VEGFR2, in addition to the primary signaling pathway of VEGF/VEGFR2/calpain/PI3K/AMPK/Akt/eNOS. We next examined a potential role of PTP1B in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Endothelial cells transfected with PTP1B siRNA showed faster wound closure in response to VEGF. Aortic discs isolated from PTP1B siRNA-transfected mice also had augmented endothelial outgrowth. Importantly, PTP1B inhibition and/or calpain overexpression significantly accelerated wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate a calpain/PTP1B/VEGFR2 negative feedback loop in the regulation of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Modulation of local PTP1B and/or calpain activities may prove beneficial in the treatment of impaired wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- From the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095
| | - Qiang Li
- From the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- From the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095
| | - Hua Cai
- From the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095
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Lamothe SM, Guo J, Li W, Yang T, Zhang S. The Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene (hERG) Potassium Channel Represents an Unusual Target for Protease-mediated Damage. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20387-401. [PMID: 27502273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr), which is important for cardiac repolarization. Dysfunction of hERG causes long QT syndrome and sudden death, which occur in patients with cardiac ischemia. Cardiac ischemia is also associated with activation, up-regulation, and secretion of various proteolytic enzymes. Here, using whole-cell patch clamp and Western blotting analysis, we demonstrate that the hERG/IKr channel was selectively cleaved by the serine protease, proteinase K (PK). Using molecular biology techniques including making a chimeric channel between protease-sensitive hERG and insensitive human ether-a-go-go (hEAG), as well as application of the scorpion toxin BeKm-1, we identified that the S5-pore linker of hERG is the target domain for proteinase K cleavage. To investigate the physiological relevance of the unique susceptibility of hERG to proteases, we show that cardiac ischemia in a rabbit model was associated with a reduction in mature ERG expression and an increase in the expression of several proteases, including calpain. Using cell biology approaches, we found that calpain-1 was actively released into the extracellular milieu and cleaved hERG at the S5-pore linker. Using protease cleavage-predicting software and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified that calpain-1 cleaves hERG at position Gly-603 in the S5-pore linker of hERG. Clarification of protease-mediated damage of hERG extends our understanding of hERG regulation. Damage of hERG mediated by proteases such as calpain may contribute to ischemia-associated QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Lamothe
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jun Guo
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Wentao Li
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, F-75020, Paris, France
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Perez J, Dansou B, Hervé R, Levi C, Tamouza H, Vandermeersch S, Demey-Thomas E, Haymann JP, Zafrani L, Klatzmann D, Boissier MC, Letavernier E, Baud L. Calpains Released by T Lymphocytes Cleave TLR2 To Control IL-17 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:168-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wan F, Letavernier E, Le Saux CJ, Houssaini A, Abid S, Czibik G, Sawaki D, Marcos E, Dubois-Rande JL, Baud L, Adnot S, Derumeaux G, Gellen B. Calpastatin overexpression impairs postinfarct scar healing in mice by compromising reparative immune cell recruitment and activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1883-93. [PMID: 26453333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the calpain system is involved in the repair process following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the impact of the inhibition of calpain by calpastatin, its natural inhibitor, on scar healing and left ventricular (LV) remodeling is elusive. Male mice ubiquitously overexpressing calpastatin (TG) and wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to an anterior coronary artery ligation. Mortality at 6 wk was higher in TG mice (24% in WT vs. 44% in TG, P < 0.05) driven by a significantly higher incidence of cardiac rupture during the first week post-MI, despite comparable infarct size and LV dysfunction and dilatation. Calpain activation post-MI was blunted in TG myocardium. In TG mice, inflammatory cell infiltration and activation were reduced in the infarct zone (IZ), particularly affecting M2 macrophages and CD4(+) T cells, which are crucial for scar healing. To elucidate the role of calpastatin overexpression in macrophages, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from TG and WT mice in vitro with IL-4, yielding an abrogated M2 polarization in TG but not in WT cells. Lymphopenic Rag1(-/-) mice receiving TG splenocytes before MI demonstrated decreased T-cell recruitment and M2 macrophage activation in the IZ day 5 after MI compared with those receiving WT splenocytes. Calpastatin overexpression prevented the activation of the calpain system after MI. It also impaired scar healing, promoted LV rupture, and increased mortality. Defective scar formation was associated with blunted CD4(+) T-cell and M2-macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amal Houssaini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Serge Adnot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; Department of Cardiology, Poitiers University Hospital, F-86000, Poitiers, France
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Hua Y, Nair S. Proteases in cardiometabolic diseases: Pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:195-208. [PMID: 24815358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and other developed countries. Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia is a major threat for public health in the modern society. It is well established that metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease collective called as cardiometabolic disease. Despite documented studies in the research field of cardiometabolic disease, the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, many of which have been implicated in various diseases including cardiac disease. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), calpain, cathepsin and caspase are among the major proteases involved in cardiac remodeling. Recent studies have also implicated proteases in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Elevated expression and activities of proteases in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, obesity/insulin-associated heart disease as well as hypertensive heart disease have been documented. Furthermore, transgenic animals that are deficient in or over-express proteases allow scientists to understand the causal relationship between proteases and cardiometabolic disease. Mechanistically, MMPs and cathepsins exert their effect on cardiometabolic diseases mainly through modifying the extracellular matrix. However, MMP and cathepsin are also reported to affect intracellular proteins, by which they contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. On the other hand, activation of calpain and caspases has been shown to influence intracellular signaling cascade including the NF-κB and apoptosis pathways. Clinically, proteases are reported to function as biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases. More importantly, the inhibitors of proteases are credited with beneficial cardiometabolic profile, although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these salutary effects are still under investigation. A better understanding of the role of MMPs, cathepsins, calpains and caspases in cardiometabolic diseases process may yield novel therapeutic targets for treating or controlling these diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Raimbourg Q, Perez J, Vandermeersch S, Prignon A, Hanouna G, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. The calpain/calpastatin system has opposing roles in growth and metastatic dissemination of melanoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60469. [PMID: 23565252 PMCID: PMC3614974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional calpains are ubiquitous cysteine proteases whose activity is promoted by calcium signaling and specifically limited by calpastatin. Calpain expression has been shown to be increased in human malignant cells, but the contribution of the calpain/calpastatin system in tumorigenesis remains unclear. It may play an important role in tumor cells themselves (cell growth, migration, and a contrario cell death) and/or in tumor niche (tissue infiltration by immune cells, neo-angiogenesis). In this study, we have used a mouse model of melanoma as a tool to gain further understanding of the role of calpains in tumor progression. To determine the respective importance of each target, we overexpressed calpastatin in tumor and/or host in isolation. Our data demonstrate that calpain inhibition in both tumor and host blunts tumor growth, while paradoxically increasing metastatic dissemination to regional lymph nodes. Specifically, calpain inhibition in melanoma cells limits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo but increases dissemination by amplifying cell resistance to apoptosis and accelerating migration process. Meanwhile, calpain inhibition restricted to host cells blunts tumor infiltration by immune cells and angiogenesis required for antitumor immunity, allowing tumor cells to escape tumor niche and disseminate. The development of highly specific calpain inhibitors with potential medical applications in cancer should take into account the opposing roles of the calpain/calpastatin system in initial tumor growth and subsequent metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Raimbourg
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vandermeersch
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Prignon
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hanouna
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 702 (UMR S 702), Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Mitochondrial activity is critical for efficient function of the cardiovascular system. In response to cardiovascular injury, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs and can lead to apoptosis and necrosis. Calpains are a 15-member family of Ca(2+)-activated cysteine proteases localized to the cytosol and mitochondria, and several have been shown to regulate apoptosis and necrosis. For example, in endothelial cells, Ca(2+) overload causes mitochondrial calpain 1 cleavage of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger leading to mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation. Also, activated calpain 1 cleaves Bid, inducing cytochrome c release and apoptosis. In renal cells, calpains 1 and 2 promote apoptosis and necrosis by cleaving cytoskeletal proteins, which increases plasma membrane permeability and cleavage of caspases. Calpain 10 cleaves electron transport chain proteins, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration and excessive activation, or inhibition of calpain 10 activity induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. In cardiomyocytes, calpain 1 activates caspase 3 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase during tumour necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis, and calpain 1 cleaves apoptosis-inducing factor after Ca(2+) overload. Many of these observations have been elucidated with calpain inhibitors, but most calpain inhibitors are not specific for calpains or a specific calpain family member, creating more questions. The following review will discuss how calpains affect mitochondrial function and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Street, MSC140, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Letavernier E, Zafrani L, Perez J, Letavernier B, Haymann JP, Baud L. The role of calpains in myocardial remodelling and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:38-45. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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