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Cai H, Ma G, Zhang Z, Liu G, Lu R, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang S, Sun S, E M, Li Z, Fang S, Yu B. A potential early-atheroprotective target: Irgm1 mediates lymphangiogenesis through LEC autophagy by Tfeb translocation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167238. [PMID: 38759815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic dysfunction is a pivotal pathological mechanism underlying the development of early atherosclerotic plaques. Potential targets of lymphatic function must be identified to realize the early prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). The immunity-related GTPase Irgm1 is involved in orchestrating cellular autophagy and apoptosis. However, the effect of Irgm1 on early AS progression, particularly through alterations in lymphatic function, remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the protective effect of lymphangiogenesis on early-AS in vivo. Subsequently, an in vivo model of early AS mice with Irgm1 knockdown shows that Irgm1 reduces early atherosclerotic plaque burden by promoting lymphangiogenesis. Given that lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) autophagy significantly contributes to lymphangiogenesis, Irgm1 may enhance lymphatic circulation by promoting LEC autophagy. Moreover, Irgm1 orchestrates autophagy in LECs by inhibiting mTOR and facilitating nuclear translocation of Tfeb. Collectively, these processes lead to lymphangiogenesis. Thus, this study establishes a link between Irgm1 and early AS, thus revealing a novel mechanism by which Irgm1 exerts an early protective influence on AS within the context of lymphatic circulation. The insights gained from this study have the potential to revolutionize the approach and management of AS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxuan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guanpeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Rongzhe Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yige Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin 150086, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China.
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2
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Rademakers T, Manca M, Jin H, Orban T, Perisic LM, Frissen HJM, Rühle F, Hautvast P, van Rijssel J, van Kuijk K, Mees BME, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, Heeneman S, Daemen MJAP, Pasterkamp G, Stoll M, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Hedin U, Dequiedt F, van Buul JD, Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL. Human atherosclerotic plaque transcriptomics reveals endothelial beta-2 spectrin as a potential regulator a leaky plaque microvasculature phenotype. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09921-z. [PMID: 38780883 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The presence of atherosclerotic plaque vessels is a critical factor in plaque destabilization. This may be attributable to the leaky phenotype of these microvessels, although direct proof for this notion is lacking. In this study, we investigated molecular and cellular patterns of stable and hemorrhaged human plaque to identify novel drivers of intraplaque vessel dysfunction. From transcriptome data of a human atherosclerotic lesion cohort, we reconstructed a co-expression network, identifying a gene module strongly and selectively correlated with both plaque microvascular density and inflammation. Spectrin Beta Non-Erythrocytic 1 (sptbn1) was identified as one of the central hubs of this module (along with zeb1 and dock1) and was selected for further study based on its predominant endothelial expression. Silencing of sptbn1 enhanced leukocyte transmigration and vascular permeability in vitro, characterized by an increased number of focal adhesions and reduced junctional VE-cadherin. In vivo, sptbn1 knockdown in zebrafish impaired the development of the caudal vein plexus. Mechanistically, increased substrate stiffness was associated with sptbn1 downregulation in endothelial cells in vitro and in human vessels. Plaque SPTBN1 mRNA and protein expression were found to correlate with an enhanced presence of intraplaque hemorrhage and future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events during follow-up. In conclusion, we identify SPTBN1 as a central hub gene in a gene program correlating with plaque vascularisation. SPTBN1 was regulated by substrate stiffness in vitro while silencing blocked vascular development in vivo, and compromised barrier function in vitro. Together, SPTBN1 is identified as a new potential regulator of the leaky phenotype of atherosclerotic plaque microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Manca
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanguy Orban
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ljubica Matic Perisic
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hubertus J M Frissen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rühle
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Hautvast
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos van Rijssel
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barend M E Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carine J Peutz-Kootstra
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Heeneman
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department for Renal and Hypertensive, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Medical Clinic II), RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Maastricht University, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Bragina A, Rodionova Y, Druzhinina N, Suvorov A, Osadchiy K, Ishina T, Vasilchenko M, Khalenyan M, Dishkaya S, Podzolkov V. Relationship Between Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:1-14. [PMID: 37878791 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at estimating the association between perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and some of the cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search was conducted from January 1980 up to and including 2022 to identify studies that examined the relationship between PVAT and cardiovascular risk factors as obesity and its indices, hypertension, lipids, and glucose intolerance/diabetes. The Medline and Embase databases were searched using the PubMed and Scopus. Data were extracted from 23 studies that fit the criteria. To conduct meta-analysis, we used an approximation of equating the method of correlating assessment because different authors used either Pearson or Spearman correlation. Interrelations of PVAT and body mass index were analyzed in eight studies. Most studies revealed reliable direct correlation; the results of the meta-analysis also showed a significant (P = 0.37, P < 0.01, n = 12,346) correlation. PVAT and waist circumference were analyzed in six studies. Meta-analysis on the selected sample (n = 10,947) showed a significant (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) correlation. Relationship between PVAT and hypertension was revealed in three studies. Direct correlations were found in all studies. Meta-analysis showed the reliability of the correlation dependence (r = 0.21, P < 0.01, n = 3996). PVAT and blood glucose was evaluated in three studies (n = 3689). In each study a reliable (P < 0.05) direct correlation was obtained. Meta-analysis showed a significant correlation of weak strength (r = 0.24, P < 0.01). We demonstrated significant positive correlations of PVAT with the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.05, P < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.13, P < 0.01), and triglycerides (r = 0.29, P < 0.01), and a negative relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.18, P < 0.01) in this meta-analysis. Despite some limitations, the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that PVAT significantly correlates with studied cardiovascular risk factors. Because PVAT presents a great interest in terms of cardiovascular remodeling and cardiovascular disease, its assessment in patients with and without cardiovascular pathology needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bragina
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare," I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Rodionova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare," I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Druzhinina
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare," I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Suvorov
- World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare," I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Osadchiy
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ishina
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Vasilchenko
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Milena Khalenyan
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Selen Dishkaya
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy Podzolkov
- Department of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Burke-Kleinman J, Gotlieb AI. Progression of Arterial Vasa Vasorum from Regulator of Arterial Homeostasis to Promoter of Atherogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1468-1484. [PMID: 37356574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum (vessels of vessels) are a dynamic microvascular system uniquely distributed to maintain physiological homeostasis of the artery wall by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the outer layers of the artery wall, adventitia, and perivascular adipose tissue, and in large arteries, to the outer portion of the medial layer. Vasa vasorum endothelium and contractile mural cells regulate direct access of bioactive cells and factors present in both the systemic circulation and the arterial perivascular adipose tissue and adventitia to the artery wall. Experimental and human data show that proatherogenic factors and cells gain direct access to the artery wall via the vasa vasorum and may initiate, promote, and destabilize the plaque. Activation and growth of vasa vasorum occur in all blood vessel layers primarily by angiogenesis, producing fragile and permeable new microvessels that may cause plaque hemorrhage and fibrous cap rupture. Ironically, invasive therapies, such as angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting, injure the vasa vasorum, leading to treatment failures. The vasa vasorum function both as a master integrator of arterial homeostasis and, once perturbed or injured, as a promotor of atherogenesis. Future studies need to be directed at establishing reliable in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the cellular and molecular regulation of the function and dysfunction of the arterial vasa vasorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL, Theodorou K, Peters LJF, Jin H, Rademakers T, Gijbels MJ, Rousch M, Jansen Y, Weber C, Lehrke M, Lebherz C, Yildiz D, Ludwig A, Bentzon JF, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Endothelial ADAM10 controls cellular response to oxLDL and its deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis with intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:974918. [PMID: 36776254 PMCID: PMC9911417 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.974918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transmembrane protease A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) displays a "pattern regulatory function," by cleaving a range of membrane-bound proteins. In endothelium, it regulates barrier function, leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Previously, we showed that ADAM10 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and associated with neovascularization. In this study, we aimed to determine the causal relevance of endothelial ADAM10 in murine atherosclerosis development in vivo. Methods and results Endothelial Adam10 deficiency (Adam10 ecko ) in Western-type diet (WTD) fed mice rendered atherogenic by adeno-associated virus-mediated PCSK9 overexpression showed markedly increased atherosclerotic lesion formation. Additionally, Adam10 deficiency was associated with an increased necrotic core and concomitant reduction in plaque macrophage content. Strikingly, while intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization are rarely observed in aortic roots of atherosclerotic mice after 12 weeks of WTD feeding, a majority of plaques in both brachiocephalic artery and aortic root of Adam10ecko mice contained these features, suggestive of major plaque destabilization. In vitro, ADAM10 knockdown in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) blunted the shedding of lectin-like oxidized LDL (oxLDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) and increased endothelial inflammatory responses to oxLDL as witnessed by upregulated ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CCL5, and CXCL1 expression (which was diminished when LOX-1 was silenced) as well as activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. LOX-1 shedding appeared also reduced in vivo, as soluble LOX-1 levels in plasma of Adam10ecko mice was significantly reduced compared to wildtypes. Discussion Collectively, these results demonstrate that endothelial ADAM10 is atheroprotective, most likely by limiting oxLDL-induced inflammation besides its known role in pathological neovascularization. Our findings create novel opportunities to develop therapeutics targeting atherosclerotic plaque progression and stability, but at the same time warrant caution when considering to use ADAM10 inhibitors for therapy in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linsey J. F. Peters
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marion J. Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mat Rousch
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Lebherz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, ZHMB, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacob F. Bentzon
- Experimental Pathology of Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain,Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marjo M. P. C. Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Marjo M. P. C. Donners,
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Patil NP, Gómez-Hernández A, Zhang F, Cancel L, Feng X, Yan L, Xia K, Takematsu E, Yang EY, Le V, Fisher ME, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Monzon C, Tunnell J, Tarbell J, Linhardt RJ, Baker AB. Rhamnan sulfate reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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How the immune system shapes atherosclerosis: roles of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:251-265. [PMID: 34389841 PMCID: PMC10111155 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Extensive research in preclinical models and emerging evidence in humans have established the crucial roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in driving atherosclerosis-associated chronic inflammation in arterial blood vessels. New techniques have highlighted the enormous heterogeneity of leukocyte subsets in the arterial wall that have pro-inflammatory or regulatory roles in atherogenesis. Understanding the homing and activation pathways of these immune cells, their disease-associated dynamics and their regulation by microbial and metabolic factors will be crucial for the development of clinical interventions for atherosclerosis, including potentially vaccination-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key molecular mechanisms of immune cell activation implicated in modulating atherogenesis and provide an update on the contributions of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disorder that narrows the arterial lumen and can induce life-threatening complications from coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. On a mechanistic level, the development of novel cellular-resolution intravital microscopy imaging approaches has recently enabled in vivo studies of underlying biological processes governing disease onset and progress. In particular, multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a promising intravital imaging tool utilizing two-photon-excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that provides subcellular resolution and increased imaging depths beyond confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art multiphoton microscopy applied to the study of murine atherosclerosis.
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Miller HA, Schake MA, Bony BA, Curtis ET, Gee CC, McCue IS, Ripperda TJ, Chatzizisis YS, Kievit FM, Pedrigi RM. Smooth muscle cells affect differential nanoparticle accumulation in disturbed blood flow-induced murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260606. [PMID: 34882722 PMCID: PMC8659666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the formation of plaques in the inner lining of arteries. Plaques form over a range of phenotypes, the most severe of which is vulnerable to rupture and causes most of the clinically significant events. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) to differentiate between two plaque phenotypes based on accumulation kinetics in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. This model uses a perivascular cuff to induce two regions of disturbed wall shear stress (WSS) on the inner lining of the instrumented artery, low (upstream) and multidirectional (downstream), which, in turn, cause the development of an unstable and stable plaque phenotype, respectively. To evaluate the influence of each WSS condition, in addition to the final plaque phenotype, in determining NP uptake, mice were injected with NPs at intermediate and fully developed stages of plaque growth. The kinetics of artery wall uptake were assessed in vivo using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. At the intermediate stage, there was no difference in NP uptake between the two WSS conditions, although both were different from the control arteries. At the fully-developed stage, however, NP uptake was reduced in plaques induced by low WSS, but not multidirectional WSS. Histological evaluation of plaques induced by low WSS revealed a significant inverse correlation between the presence of smooth muscle cells and NP accumulation, particularly at the plaque-lumen interface, which did not exist with other constituents (lipid and collagen) and was not present in plaques induced by multidirectional WSS. These findings demonstrate that NP accumulation can be used to differentiate between unstable and stable murine atherosclerosis, but accumulation kinetics are not directly influenced by the WSS condition. This tool could be used as a diagnostic to evaluate the efficacy of experimental therapeutics for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A. Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Morgan A. Schake
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Badrul Alam Bony
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Evan T. Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Connor C. Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Ian S. McCue
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Ripperda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Yiannis S. Chatzizisis
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RMP); (FMK)
| | - Ryan M. Pedrigi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RMP); (FMK)
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10
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Assessment of Albumin ECM Accumulation and Inflammation as Novel In Vivo Diagnostic Targets for Multi-Target MR Imaging. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100964. [PMID: 34681063 PMCID: PMC8533611 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory vascular disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and plaque burden. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated plasma proteins play an important role in disease development. Our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study investigates the feasibility of using two different molecular MRI probes for the simultaneous assessment of ECM-associated intraplaque albumin deposits caused by endothelial damage and progressive inflammation in atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-)-mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 or 4 months. Another ApoE-/--group was treated with pravastatin and received a HFD for 4 months. T1- and T2*-weighted MRI was performed before and after albumin-specific MRI probe (gadofosveset) administration and a macrophage-specific contrast agent (ferumoxytol). Thereafter, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and histology were performed. With advancing atherosclerosis, albumin-based MRI signal enhancement and ferumoxytol-induced signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI increased. Significant correlations between contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) post-gadofosveset and albumin stain (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05), and signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI with Perls' Prussian blue stain (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.05) were observed. No interference of ferumoxytol with gadofosveset enhancement was detectable. Pravastatin led to decreased inflammation and intraplaque albumin. Multi-target MRI combining ferumoxytol and gadofosveset is a promising method to improve diagnosis and treatment monitoring in atherosclerosis.
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11
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Horiuchi K, Kano K, Minoshima A, Hayasaka T, Yamauchi A, Tatsukawa T, Matsuo R, Yoshida Y, Tomita Y, Kabara M, Nakagawa N, Takehara N, Hasebe N, Kawabe JI. Pericyte-specific deletion of ninjurin-1 induces fragile vasa vasorum formation and enhances intimal hyperplasia of injured vasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2438-H2447. [PMID: 33961504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00931.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adventitial abnormalities including enhanced vasa vasorum malformation are associated with development and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. However, the mechanisms of vasa vasorum malformation and its role in vascular remodeling have not been fully clarified. We recently reported that ninjurin-1 (Ninj1) is a crucial adhesion molecule for pericytes to form matured neovessels. The purpose is to examine if Ninj1 regulates adventitial angiogenesis and affects the vascular remodeling of injured vessels using pericyte-specific Ninj1 deletion mouse model. Mouse femoral arteries were injured by insertion of coiled wire. Four weeks after vascular injury, fixed arteries were decolorized. Vascular remodeling, including intimal hyperplasia and adventitial microvessel formation were estimated in a three-dimensional view. Vascular fragility, including blood leakiness was estimated by extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-lectin or FITC-dextran from microvessels. Ninj1 expression was increased in pericytes in response to vascular injury. NG2-CreER/Ninj1loxp mice were treated with tamoxifen (Tam) to induce deletion of Ninj1 in pericyte (Ninj1 KO). Tam-treated NG2-CreER or Tam-nontreated NG2-CreER/Ninj1loxp mice were used as controls. Intimal hyperplasia was significantly enhanced in Ninj1 KO compared with controls. Vascular leakiness was significantly enhanced in Ninj1 KO. In Ninj1 KO, the number of infiltrated macrophages in adventitia was increased, along with the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, deletion of Ninj1 in pericytes induces the immature vasa vasorum formation of injured vasculature and exacerbates adventitial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. Thus, Ninj1 contributes to the vasa vasorum maturation in response to vascular injury and to reduction of vascular remodeling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although abnormalities of adventitial vasa vasorum are associated with vascular remodeling such as atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of vasa vasorum malformation and its role in vascular remodeling have not been fully clarified. The present study provides a line of novel evidence that ninjurin-1 contributes to adventitial microvascular maturation during vascular injury and regulates vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Horiuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akiho Minoshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Tatsukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Tomita
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takehara
- Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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12
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Cai Y, Pan J, Li Z. Mathematical modeling of intraplaque neovascularization and hemorrhage in a carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:42. [PMID: 33926451 PMCID: PMC8082657 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing experimental evidence has identified neovascularization from the adventitial vasa vasorum and induced intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) as critical indicators during the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In this study, we propose a mathematical model incorporating intraplaque angiogenesis and hemodynamic calculation of the microcirculation, to obtain the quantitative evaluation of the influences of intraplaque neovascularization and hemorrhage on vulnerable plaque development. A two-dimensional nine-point model of angiogenic microvasculature is generated based on the histology of a patient's carotid plaque. The intraplaque angiogenesis model includes three key cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages) and three key chemical factors (vascular endothelial growth factors, extracellular matrix, and matrix metalloproteinase), which densities and concentrations are described by a series of reaction-diffusion equations. The hemodynamic calculation by coupling the intravascular blood flow, the extravascular plasma flow, and the transvascular transport is carried out on the generated angiogenic microvessel network. We then define the IPH area by using the plasma concentration in the interstitial tissue, as well as the extravascular transport across the capillary wall. RESULTS The simulational results reproduce a series of pathophysiological phenomena during the atherosclerotic plaque progression. It is found that the high microvessel density region at the shoulder areas and the extravascular flow across the leaky wall of the neovasculature contribute to the IPH observed widely in vulnerable plaques. The simulational results are validated by both the in vivo MR imaging data and in vitro experimental observations and show significant consistency in quantity ground. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of model parameters reveals that the IPH area and extent can be reduced significantly by decreasing the MVD and the wall permeability of the neovasculature. CONCLUSIONS The current quantitative model could help us to better understand the roles of microvascular and intraplaque hemorrhage during the carotid plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jichao Pan
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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13
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Assessment of Microvessel Permeability in Murine Atherosclerotic Vein Grafts Using Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239244. [PMID: 33287463 PMCID: PMC7730593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque angiogenesis and plaque hemorrhage are major players in the destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. As these are dynamic processes, imaging of plaque angiogenesis, especially the integrity or leakiness of angiogenic vessels, can be an extremely useful tool in the studies on atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Visualizing plaque microvessels in 3D would enable us to study the architecture and permeability of adventitial and intimal plaque microvessels in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. We hypothesized that a comparison of the vascular permeability between healthy continuous and fenestrated as well as diseased leaky microvessels, would allow us to evaluate plaque microvessel leakiness. We developed and validated a two photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) method to assess the leakiness of plaque microvessels in murine atherosclerosis-prone ApoE3*Leiden vein grafts based on the quantification of fluorescent-dextrans extravasation in real-time. We describe a novel 2P-IVM set up to study vessels in the neck region of living mice. We show that microvessels in vein graft lesions are in their pathological state more permeable in comparison with healthy continuous and fenestrated microvessels. This 2P-IVM method is a promising approach to assess plaque angiogenesis and leakiness. Moreover, this method is an important advancement to validate therapeutic angiogenic interventions in preclinical atherosclerosis models.
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14
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Perivascular adipose tissue in age-related vascular disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101040. [PMID: 32112889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis, is actively involved in vascular dysfunction during aging. PVAT releases various adipocytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In an endocrine and paracrine manner PVAT-derived factors regulate vascular signalling and inflammation modulating functions of adjacent layers of the vasculature. Pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, vascular injury and aging can cause PVAT dysfunction, leading to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunctions. We and others have suggested that PVAT is involved in the inflammatory response of the vascular wall in diet induced obesity animal models leading to vascular dysfunction due to disappearance of the physiological anticontractile effect. Previous studies confirm a crucial role for pinpointed PVAT inflammation in promoting vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in aging, enhancing the risk for development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss several studies and mechanisms linking PVAT to age-related vascular diseases. An overview of the suggested roles played by PVAT in different disorders associated with the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, aneurysm, vascular contractility and stiffness will be performed. PVAT may be considered a potential target for therapeutic intervention in age-related vascular disease.
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15
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Beldman T, Malinova TS, Desclos E, Grootemaat AE, Misiak ALS, van der Velden S, van Roomen CPAA, Beckers L, van Veen HA, Krawczyk PM, Hoebe RA, Sluimer JC, Neele AE, de Winther MPJ, van der Wel NN, Lutgens E, Mulder WJM, Huveneers S, Kluza E. Nanoparticle-Aided Characterization of Arterial Endothelial Architecture during Atherosclerosis Progression and Metabolic Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13759-13774. [PMID: 31268670 PMCID: PMC6933811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with a compromised endothelial barrier, facilitating the accumulation of immune cells and macromolecules in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we investigate endothelial barrier integrity and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect during atherosclerosis progression and therapy in Apoe-/- mice using hyaluronan nanoparticles (HA-NPs). Utilizing ultrastructural and en face plaque imaging, we uncover a significantly decreased junction continuity in the atherosclerotic plaque-covering endothelium compared to the normal vessel wall, indicative of disrupted endothelial barrier. Intriguingly, the plaque advancement had a positive effect on junction stabilization, which correlated with a 3-fold lower accumulation of in vivo administrated HA-NPs in advanced plaques compared to early counterparts. Furthermore, by using super-resolution and correlative light and electron microscopy, we trace nanoparticles in the plaque microenvironment. We find nanoparticle-enriched endothelial junctions, containing 75% of detected HA-NPs, and a high HA-NP accumulation in the endothelium-underlying extracellular matrix, which suggest an endothelial junctional traffic of HA-NPs to the plague. Finally, we probe the EPR effect by HA-NPs in the context of metabolic therapy with a glycolysis inhibitor, 3PO, proposed as a vascular normalizing strategy. The observed trend of attenuated HA-NP uptake in aortas of 3PO-treated mice coincides with the endothelial silencing activity of 3PO, demonstrated in vitro. Interestingly, the therapy also reduced the plaque inflammatory burden, while activating macrophage metabolism. Our findings shed light on natural limitations of nanoparticle accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques and provide mechanistic insight into nanoparticle trafficking across the atherosclerotic endothelium. Furthermore, our data contribute to the rising field of endothelial barrier modulation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs
J. Beldman
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S. Malinova
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anita E. Grootemaat
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aresh L. S. Misiak
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. van Veen
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Przemyslaw M. Krawczyk
- Department
of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University
Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E. Neele
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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16
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Tinajero MG, Gotlieb AI. Recent Developments in Vascular Adventitial Pathobiology: The Dynamic Adventitia as a Complex Regulator of Vascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:520-534. [PMID: 31866347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia, the outer layer of the blood vessel wall, may be the most complex layer of the wall and may be the master regulator of wall physiology and pathobiology. This review proposes a major shift in thinking to apply a functional lens to the adventitia rather than only a structural lens. Human and experimental in vivo and in vitro studies show that the adventitia is a dynamic microenvironment in which adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue cells initiate and regulate important vascular functions in disease, especially intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Although well away from the blood-wall interface, where much pathology has been identified, the adventitia has a profound influence on the population of intimal and medial endothelial, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell function. Vascular injury and dysfunction of the perivascular adipose tissue promote expansion of the vasa vasorum, activation of fibroblasts, and differentiation of myofibroblasts. This regulates further biologic processes, including fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation, inflammation, immunity, stem cell activation and regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis. A debate exists as to whether the adventitia initiates disease or is just an important participant. We describe a mechanistic model of adventitial function that brings together current knowledge and guides the design of future investigations to test specific hypotheses on adventitial pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Tinajero
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Solly EL, Dimasi CG, Bursill CA, Psaltis PJ, Tan JTM. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2199. [PMID: 31847094 PMCID: PMC6947565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis develops over several decades and is mediated by a complex interplay of cellular mechanisms that drive a chronic inflammatory milieu and cell-to-cell interactions between endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages that promote plaque development and progression. While there has been significant therapeutic advancement, there remains a gap where novel therapeutic approaches can complement current therapies to provide a holistic approach for treating atherosclerosis to orchestrate the regulation of complex signalling networks across multiple cell types and different stages of disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of molecular signalling pathways and pathophysiological cellular effects. Furthermore, circulating miRNAs have emerged as a new class of disease biomarkers to better inform clinical diagnosis and provide new avenues for personalised therapies. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern atherosclerosis and as clinical biomarkers that may be reflective of disease severity, highlighting the potential theranostic (therapeutic and diagnostic) properties of miRNAs in the management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Solly
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Dimasi
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J. Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.G.D.); (C.A.B.); (P.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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18
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Song Y, Dang Y, Dang LL, Zhao C, Zheng J, Feng J, Ruan LT. Association between intraplaque neovascularization assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and the risk of stroke. Clin Radiol 2019; 75:70-75. [PMID: 31629485 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the cut-off value of the area ratio under the curve (ARUC) for predicting symptoms of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to analyse intraplaque neovascularization (IPN). The correlations between the ARUC and risk factors of stroke were examined. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cut-off value of the ARUC. RESULTS Using a quantitative analysis method for IPN, the ARUC was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (p=0.017). The ARUC was positively associated with the homocysteine level (r=0.429, p=0.002) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (r=0.424, p=0.003). Regression analysis showed that the ARUC was a risk factor for symptoms of stroke. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the cut-off value for symptoms was 0.24; the sensitivity was 77%, and the specificity was 70%; the positive predictive value was 68%, and the negative predictive value was 78%. CONCLUSION IPN was a risk factor for the occurrence of the clinical symptoms of stroke. Patients with an ARUC of >0.24 had a higher risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Y Dang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - L L Dang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - J Zheng
- The Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - L T Ruan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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19
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Association between epicardial adipose tissue and adverse outcomes in coronary heart disease patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182278. [PMID: 30979830 PMCID: PMC6504663 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between the volume of epicardial adipose tissue and long-term outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patients with CHD were followed for at least 2 years after PCI. The epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) was measured using multi-slice computed tomography. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between EATV and clinical outcome. In this study, 500 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median of 25.2 months. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 12.4%. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, proportion of patients with hypertension or diabetes, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, or unstable angina pectoris among different EATV quartiles (P>0.05). The EATV was associated with body mass index (P<0.0001), low-density lipoprotein level (P=0.039), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (P<0.001), uric acid level (P=0.004), adiponectin level (P<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a significant difference in survival rate of patients in EATV quartile 1 versus 4 (P=0.019). After adjusting for confounding factors, EATV quartile 4 (>216.15 cm3) was still associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15–4.47, P=0.023) compared with quartile 1 (<101.58 cm3). Our data suggest that EATV is an independent predictor of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events in CHD patients after PCI. Therefore, assessment of EATV using multi-slice computed tomography may contribute to risk stratification in these patients.
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20
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Caporali A, Bäck M, Daemen MJ, Hoefer IE, Jones EA, Lutgens E, Matter CM, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Siekmann AF, Sluimer JC, Steffens S, Tuñón J, Vindis C, Wentzel JJ, Ylä-Herttuala S, Evans PC. Future directions for therapeutic strategies in post-ischaemic vascularization: a position paper from European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1411-1421. [PMID: 30016405 PMCID: PMC6106103 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of vessel growth holds great promise for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Strategies to promote vascularization can potentially restore function in ischaemic tissues. On the other hand, plaque neovascularization has been shown to associate with vulnerable plaque phenotypes and adverse events. The current lack of clinical success in regulating vascularization illustrates the complexity of the vascularization process, which involves a delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic regulators and effectors. This is compounded by limitations in the models used to study vascularization that do not reflect the eventual clinical target population. Nevertheless, there is a large body of evidence that validate the importance of angiogenesis as a therapeutic concept. The overall aim of this Position Paper of the ESC Working Group of Atherosclerosis and Vascular biology is to provide guidance for the next steps to be taken from pre-clinical studies on vascularization towards clinical application. To this end, the current state of knowledge in terms of therapeutic strategies for targeting vascularization in post-ischaemic disease is reviewed and discussed. A consensus statement is provided on how to optimize vascularization studies for the identification of suitable targets, the use of animal models of disease, and the analysis of novel delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caporali
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology and Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Matter
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - José Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecile Vindis
- INSERM U1048/Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Jolanda J Wentzel
- Department of Cardiology, Biomechanics Laboratory, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, the INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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21
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Guo M, Cai Y, Yao X, Li Z. Mathematical modeling of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization: Role of neovascularization and intraplaque hemorrhage. J Theor Biol 2018; 450:53-65. [PMID: 29704490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have identified angiogenesis from the adventitial vasa vasorum and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) as critical factors in atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Here we propose a mathematical model incorporating intraplaque neovascularization and hemodynamic calculation with plaque destabilization for the quantitative evaluation of the role of neoangiogenesis and IPH in the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. An angiogenic microvasculature is generated by two-dimensional nine-point discretization of endothelial cell proliferation and migration from the vasa vasorum. Three key cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) and three key chemicals (vascular endothelial growth factors, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase) are involved in the plaque progression model, and described by the reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. The hemodynamic calculation of the microcirculation on the generated microvessel network is carried out by coupling the intravascular, interstitial and transvascular flow. The plasma concentration in the interstitial domain is defined as the description of IPH area according to the diffusion and convection with the interstitial fluid flow, as well as the extravascular movement across the leaky vessel wall. The simulation results demonstrate a series of pathophysiological phenomena during the vulnerable progression of an atherosclerotic plaque, including the expanding necrotic core, the exacerbated inflammation, the high microvessel density (MVD) region at the shoulder areas, the transvascular flow through the capillary wall and the IPH. The important role of IPH in the plaque destabilization is evidenced by simulations with varied model parameters. It is found that the IPH can significantly speed up the plaque vulnerability by increasing necrotic core and thinning fibrous cap. In addition, the decreased MVD and vessel permeability may slow down the process of plaque destabilization by reducing the IPH dramatically. We envision that the present model and its future advances can serve as a valuable theoretical platform for studying the dynamic changes in the microenvironment during the plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xinke Yao
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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22
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Ma L, Ni M, Hao P, Lu H, Yang X, Xu X, Zhang C, Huang S, Zhao Y, Liu X, Zhang Y. Tongxinluo mitigates atherogenesis by regulating angiogenic factors and inhibiting vasa vasorum neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16194-204. [PMID: 26908443 PMCID: PMC4941307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasa vasorum (VV) neovascularization contributes to atherogenesis and its expansion and distribution is correlated with intraplaque expression of angiogenic factors. The present study investigated the roles of Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medication, on VV proliferation and atherogenesis. In vitro, TXL pre-treatment reversed the tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1) but not ANGPT-2, leading to increased ratio of ANGPT-1 to ANGPT-2. Consistently, TXL treatment (at a dosage of 0.38, 0.75, 1.5 g/kg/d, respectively) decreased the expression of VEGF-A while increased that of ANGPT-1 in early atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE−/−) mice. On aortic ring assay, microvessels sprouting from aortas were significantly inhibited in TXL-treated mice. Moreover, VV neovascularization in plaques was markedly reduced with TXL treatment. Histological and morphological analysis demonstrated that TXL treatment reduced plaque burden, plaque size and changed the plaque composition. These data suggest that TXL inhibits early atherogenesis through regulating angiogenic factor expression and inhibiting VV proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. Our study shed new light on the anti-atherosclerotic effect of TXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyue Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xingli Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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23
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Animal models of atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Role of lipids and intraplaque hypoxia in the formation of neovascularization in atherosclerosis. Ann Med 2017; 49:661-677. [PMID: 28797175 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1366041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the current paradigm, chronic vascular inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The plaque progression is typically completed with rupture and subsequent acute cardiovascular complications. Previously, the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in atherogenesis was underestimated. However, investigators then revealed that vasa vasorum neovascularization can be observed when no clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis is present. Vasa vasorum is involved in various proatherogenic processes such as intimal accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes, intimal thickening, necrotic core formation, intraplaque haemorrhage, lesion rupture and atherothrombosis. Due to the destabilizing action of the intraplaque microenvironment, lesional vasa vasorum neovessels experience serious defects and abnormalities during development that leads to their immaturity, fragility and leakage. Indeed, intraplaque neovessels are a main cause of intraplaque haemorrhage. Visualization techniques showed that presence of neovascularization/haemorrhage can serve as a good indicator of lesion instability and higher risk of rupture. Vasa vasorum density is a strong predictor of acute cardiovascular events such as sudden death, myocardial infarction and stroke. At present, arterial vasa vasorum neovascularization is under intensive investigation along with development of therapeutic tools focused on the control of formation of vasa vasorum neovessels in order to prevent plaque haemorrhage/rupture and thromboembolism. KEY MESSAGE Neovascularization plays an important role in atherosclerosis, being involved in unstable plaque formation. Presence of neovascularization and haemorrhage indicates plaque instability and risk of rupture. Various imaging techniques are available to study neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- a Department of Neurochemistry, Division of Basic and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- b Laboratory of Angiopathology , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- b Laboratory of Angiopathology , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- c Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- b Laboratory of Angiopathology , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,d Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center , Moscow , Russia
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25
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Wu Z, Rademakers T, Kiessling F, Vogt M, Westein E, Weber C, Megens RT, van Zandvoort M. Multi-photon microscopy in cardiovascular research. Methods 2017; 130:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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26
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Shekhar H, Rowan JS, Doyley MM. Combining Subharmonic and Ultraharmonic Modes for Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging: A Preliminary Evaluation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:2725-2732. [PMID: 28847499 PMCID: PMC5679122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced intra-vascular ultrasound (CE-IVUS) imaging could provide clinicians a valuable tool to assess cardiovascular risk and guide the choice of therapeutic strategies. In this technical note, we evaluated the feasibility of combining subharmonic and ultraharmonic imaging to improve the performance of CE-IVUS. Vessel phantoms perfused with phospholipid-shelled ultrasound contrast agents were visualized using subharmonic, ultraharmonic and combined CE-IVUS modes with commercial peripheral and coronary imaging catheters. Flow channels as small as 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm were imaged at 12-MHz and 30-MHz transmit frequencies, respectively. Subharmonic and ultraharmonic imaging modes achieved a contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) up to 18.1 ± 1.8 dB and 19.6 ± 1.9 dB at 12-MHz, and 8.8 ± 1.8 and 12.5 ± 1.1 dB at 30-MHz transmit frequencies, respectively. Combining these modes improved the CTR to 32.5 ± 3.0 dB and 25.0 ± 1.6 dB at 12-MHz and 30-MHz transmit frequencies. These results underscore the potential of combined-mode CE-IVUS imaging. Furthermore, the demonstration of this approach with commercial catheters may serve as a first step toward the clinical translation of CE-IVUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Shekhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Rowan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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27
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Boyle EC, Sedding DG, Haverich A. Targeting vasa vasorum dysfunction to prevent atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Ma B, Whiteford JR, Nourshargh S, Woodfin A. Underlying chronic inflammation alters the profile and mechanisms of acute neutrophil recruitment. J Pathol 2017; 240:291-303. [PMID: 27477524 PMCID: PMC5082550 DOI: 10.1002/path.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronically inflamed tissues show altered characteristics that include persistent populations of inflammatory leukocytes and remodelling of the vascular network. As the majority of studies on leukocyte recruitment have been carried out in normal healthy tissues, the impact of underlying chronic inflammation on ongoing leukocyte recruitment is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the profile and mechanisms of acute inflammatory responses in chronically inflamed and angiogenic tissues, and consider the implications for chronic inflammatory disorders. We have developed a novel model of chronic ischaemia of the mouse cremaster muscle that is characterized by a persistent population of monocyte‐derived cells (MDCs), and capillary angiogenesis. These tissues also show elevated acute neutrophil recruitment in response to locally administered inflammatory stimuli. We determined that Gr1lowMDCs, which are widely considered to have anti‐inflammatory and reparative functions, amplified acute inflammatory reactions via the generation of additional proinflammatory signals, changing both the profile and magnitude of the tissue response. Similar vascular and inflammatory responses, including activation of MDCs by transient ischaemia–reperfusion, were observed in mouse hindlimbs subjected to chronic ischaemia. This response demonstrates the relevance of the findings to peripheral arterial disease, in which patients experience transient exercise‐induced ischaemia known as claudication.These findings demonstrate that chronically inflamed tissues show an altered profile and altered mechanisms of acute inflammatory responses, and identify tissue‐resident MDCs as potential therapeutic targets. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Woodfin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. .,Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.
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29
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Parma L, Baganha F, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Plaque angiogenesis and intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:107-115. [PMID: 28435093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular events, due to rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Growing evidence suggests that plaque neovascularization is an important contributor to plaque growth and instability. The vessels' immaturity, with profound structural and functional abnormalities, leads to recurrent intraplaque hemorrhage. This review discusses new insights of atherosclerotic neovascularization, including the effects of leaky neovessels on intraplaque hemorrhage, both in experimental models and humans. Furthermore, modalities for in vivo imaging and therapeutic interventions to target plaque angiogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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30
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Guo L, Harari E, Virmani R, Finn AV. Linking Hemorrhage, Angiogenesis, Macrophages, and Iron Metabolism in Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e33-e39. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
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31
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Rademakers T, van der Vorst EPC, Daissormont ITMN, Otten JJT, Theodorou K, Theelen TL, Gijbels M, Anisimov A, Nurmi H, Lindeman JHN, Schober A, Heeneman S, Alitalo K, Biessen EAL. Adventitial lymphatic capillary expansion impacts on plaque T cell accumulation in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45263. [PMID: 28349940 PMCID: PMC5368662 DOI: 10.1038/srep45263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During plaque progression, inflammatory cells progressively accumulate in the adventitia, paralleled by an increased presence of leaky vasa vasorum. We here show that next to vasa vasorum, also the adventitial lymphatic capillary bed is expanding during plaque development in humans and mouse models of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we investigated the role of lymphatics in atherosclerosis progression. Dissection of plaque draining lymph node and lymphatic vessel in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice aggravated plaque formation, which was accompanied by increased intimal and adventitial CD3+ T cell numbers. Likewise, inhibition of VEGF-C/D dependent lymphangiogenesis by AAV aided gene transfer of hVEGFR3-Ig fusion protein resulted in CD3+ T cell enrichment in plaque intima and adventitia. hVEGFR3-Ig gene transfer did not compromise adventitial lymphatic density, pointing to VEGF-C/D independent lymphangiogenesis. We were able to identify the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, which has previously been shown to indirectly activate VEGFR3, as a likely pathway, in that its focal silencing attenuated lymphangiogenesis and augmented T cell presence. Taken together, our study not only shows profound, partly CXCL12/CXCR4 mediated, expansion of lymph capillaries in the adventitia of atherosclerotic plaque in humans and mice, but also is the first to attribute an important role of lymphatics in plaque T cell accumulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle T M N Daissormont
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J T Otten
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Nurmi
- Wihuri Research Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Departments of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heeneman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Germany
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32
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Ammirati E, Moroni F, Magnoni M, Di Terlizzi S, Villa C, Sizzano F, Palini A, Garlaschelli K, Tripiciano F, Scotti I, Catapano AL, Manfredi AA, Norata GD, Camici PG. Circulating CD14+ and CD14 highCD16- classical monocytes are reduced in patients with signs of plaque neovascularization in the carotid artery. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:171-178. [PMID: 27751505 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monocytes are known to play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and contribute to plaque destabilization through the generation of signals that promote inflammation and neoangiogenesis. In humans, studies investigating the features of circulating monocytes in advanced atherosclerotic lesions are lacking. METHODS Patients (mean age 69 years, 56% males) with intermediate asymptomatic carotid stenosis (40-70% in diameter) were evaluated for maximal stenosis in common carotid artery, carotid bulb and internal carotid artery, overall disease burden as estimated with total plaque area (TPA), greyscale and neovascularization in 244 advanced carotid plaques. Absolute counts of circulating CD14+ monocytes, of classical (CD14highCD16-), intermediate (CD14highCD16+) and non-classical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes and HLA-DR+ median fluorescence intensity for each subset were evaluated with flow cytometry. RESULTS No correlation was found between monocytes and overall atherosclerotic burden, nor with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, plaque signs of neovascularization were associated with significantly lower counts of circulating CD14+ monocytes (297 versus 350 cells/mm3, p = 0.039) and of classical monocytes (255 versus 310 cells/mm3, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Neovascularized atherosclerotic lesions selectively associate with lower blood levels of CD14+ and CD14highCD16- monocytes independently of systemic inflammatory activity, as indicated by normal hsCRP levels. Whether the reduction of circulating CD14+ and CD14highCD16- monocytes is due to a potential redistribution of these cell types into active lesions remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ammirati
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moroni
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Magnoni
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Terlizzi
- FRACTAL - Flow cytometry Resource Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- FRACTAL - Flow cytometry Resource Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Biobanking & Flow Cytometry Core EPFL, Innovation Park Bâtiment H, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Palini
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Biobanking & Flow Cytometry Core EPFL, Innovation Park Bâtiment H, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center SISA for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Fernanda Tripiciano
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Service, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Scotti
- Department of Rheumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Unit of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center SISA for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo G Camici
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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Daeichin V, Kooiman K, Skachkov I, Bosch JG, Theelen TL, Steiger K, Needles A, Janssen BJ, Daemen MJAP, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Sluimer JC. Quantification of Endothelial αvβ3 Expression with High-Frequency Ultrasound and Targeted Microbubbles: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2283-2293. [PMID: 27302657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical feature of plaque development in atherosclerosis and might play a key role in both the initiation and later rupture of plaques. The precursory molecular or cellular pro-angiogenic events that initiate plaque growth and that ultimately contribute to plaque instability, however, cannot be detected directly with any current diagnostic modality. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of ultrasound molecular imaging of endothelial αvβ3 expression in vitro and in vivo using αvβ3-targeted ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). In the in vitro study, αvβ3 expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence in a murine endothelial cell line and detected using the targeted UCA and ultrasound imaging at 18-MHz transmit frequency. In the in vivo study, expression of endothelial αvβ3 integrin in murine carotid artery vessels and microvessels of the salivary gland was quantified using targeted UCA and high-frequency ultrasound in seven animals. Our results indicated that endothelial αvβ3 expression was significantly higher in the carotid arterial wall containing atherosclerotic lesions than in arterial segments without any lesions. We also found that the salivary gland can be used as an internal positive control for successful binding of targeted UCA to αvβ3 integrin. In conclusion, αvβ3-targeted UCA allows non-invasive assessment of the expression levels of αvβ3 on the vascular endothelium and may provide potential insights into early atherosclerotic plaque detection and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verya Daeichin
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Klazina Kooiman
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya Skachkov
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Bosch
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ben J Janssen
- Department of Pharmacology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nico de Jong
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The anoxemia theory proposes that an imbalance between the demand for and supply of oxygen in the arterial wall is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. There is now substantial evidence that there are regions within the atherosclerotic plaque in which profound hypoxia exists; this may fundamentally change the function, metabolism, and responses of many of the cell types found within the developing plaque and whether the plaque will evolve into a stable or unstable phenotype. Hypoxia is characterized in molecular terms by the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, a subunit of the heterodimeric nuclear transcriptional factor HIF-1 and a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. The expression of HIF-1 is localized to perivascular tissues, inflammatory macrophages, and smooth muscle cells adjacent to the necrotic core of atherosclerotic lesions and regulates several genes that are important to vascular function including vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1, and erythropoietin. This review summarizes the effects of hypoxia on the functions of cells involved in atherogenesis and the evidence for its potential importance from experimental models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A A Ferns
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Zhou J, Cao B, Ju W, Liu S, Song J, Liu L. Effects of tongxinluo on angiogenesis in the carotid adventitia of hyperlipidemic rabbits. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3832-40. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Whiteford JR, De Rossi G, Woodfin A. Mutually Supportive Mechanisms of Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:201-78. [PMID: 27572130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often accompanied by angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from existing ones. This vascular response is a response to chronic hypoxia and/or ischemia, but is also contributory to the progression of disorders including atherosclerosis, arthritis, and tumor growth. Proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators and signaling pathways form a complex and interrelated network in these conditions, and many factors exert multiple effects. Inflammation drives angiogenesis by direct and indirect mechanisms, promoting endothelial proliferation, migration, and vessel sprouting, but also by mediating extracellular matrix remodeling and release of sequestered growth factors, and recruitment of proangiogenic leukocyte subsets. The role of inflammation in promoting angiogenesis is well documented, but by facilitating greater infiltration of leukocytes and plasma proteins into inflamed tissues, angiogenesis can also propagate chronic inflammation. This review examines the mutually supportive relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation, and considers how these interactions might be exploited to promote resolution of chronic inflammatory or angiogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G De Rossi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Woodfin
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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McArdle S, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Live cell imaging to understand monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell function in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1117-31. [PMID: 27270892 PMCID: PMC4925021 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ley et al. provide a review of the technology and accomplishments of dynamic imaging of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis. Intravital imaging is an invaluable tool for understanding the function of cells in healthy and diseased tissues. It provides a window into dynamic processes that cannot be studied by other techniques. This review will cover the benefits and limitations of various techniques for labeling and imaging myeloid cells, with a special focus on imaging cells in atherosclerotic arteries. Although intravital imaging is a powerful tool for understanding cell function, it alone does not provide a complete picture of the cell. Other techniques, such as flow cytometry and transcriptomics, must be combined with intravital imaging to fully understand a cell's phenotype, lineage, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Calcagno C, Mulder WJM, Nahrendorf M, Fayad ZA. Systems Biology and Noninvasive Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e1-8. [PMID: 26819466 PMCID: PMC4861402 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.C., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.N.).
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.C., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.N.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.C., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.N.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (C.C., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.N.)
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Gene silencing of TACE enhances plaque stability and improves vascular remodeling in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17939. [PMID: 26655882 PMCID: PMC4677302 DOI: 10.1038/srep17939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that gene silencing of tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) may attenuate lesion inflammation and positive vascular remodeling and enhance plaque stability in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Lentivirus-mediated TACE shRNA was injected into the abdominal aortic plaques of rabbits which effectively down-regulated TACE expression and activities from week 8 to week 16. TACE gene silencing reduced remodeling index and plaque burden, and diminished the content of macrophages and lipids while increased that of smooth muscle cells and collagen in the aortic plaques. In addition, TACE gene silencing attenuated the local expression of P65, iNOS, ICAM-1, VEGF and Flt-1 and activities of MMP9 and MMP2 while increased the local expression of TGF-β1 together with reduced number of neovessels in the aorta. TACE shRNA treatment resulted in down-regulated expression of TACE in macrophages and blunted ERK-P38 phosphorylation and tube formation of co-cultured mouse vascular smooth muscle cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, gene silencing of TACE enhanced plaque stability and improved vascular positive remodeling. The mechanisms may involve attenuated local inflammation, neovascularization and MMP activation, as well as enhanced collagen production probably via down-regulated ERK-NF-κB and up-regulated TGF-β1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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Megens RT, Bianchini M, Schmitt MM, Weber C. Optical Imaging Innovations for Atherosclerosis Research. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1339-46. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.304875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Improving vascular prevention and therapy based on a refined mechanistic pervasion of atherosclerosis as the underlying pathology could limit the effect of vascular disease in aging societies. During the past decades, microscopy has contributed greatly to a better understanding of vascular physiology and pathology by allowing imaging of living specimen with subcellular resolution and high specificity. An important advance has been accomplished through the application of multiphoton microscopy in the vascular domain, a technological development that enabled multidimensional and dynamic imaging deep into the cellular architecture of intact tissue under physiological conditions. To identify and validate new targets for treating atherosclerosis, novel imaging strategies with nanoscale resolution will be essential to visualize molecular processes in intracellular and extracellular compartments. This review will discuss the current use of 2-photon microscopy and will provide an overview and outlook on options for introducing nanoscopic optical imaging modalities in atherosclerosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T.A. Megens
- From the Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (R.T.A.M., M.B., M.M.N.S., C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (R.T.A.M., C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- From the Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (R.T.A.M., M.B., M.M.N.S., C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (R.T.A.M., C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Martin M.N. Schmitt
- From the Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (R.T.A.M., M.B., M.M.N.S., C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (R.T.A.M., C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (R.T.A.M., M.B., M.M.N.S., C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (R.T.A.M., C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
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Xu J, Lu X, Shi GP. Vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis and clinical significance. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11574-608. [PMID: 26006236 PMCID: PMC4463718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to several acute cardiovascular complications with poor prognosis. For decades, the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis has received broad attention. The presence of VV neovascularization precedes the apparent symptoms of clinical atherosclerosis. VV also mediates inflammatory cell infiltration, intimal thickening, intraplaque hemorrhage, and subsequent atherothrombosis that results in stroke or myocardial infarction. Intraplaque neovessels originating from VV can be immature and hence susceptible to leakage, and are thus regarded as the leading cause of intraplaque hemorrhage. Evidence supports VV as a new surrogate target of atherosclerosis evaluation and treatment. This review provides an overview into the relationship between VV and atherosclerosis, including the anatomy and function of VV, the stimuli of VV neovascularization, and the available underlying mechanisms that lead to poor prognosis. We also summarize translational researches on VV imaging modalities and potential therapies that target VV neovascularization or its stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Curaj A, Wu Z, Fokong S, Liehn EA, Weber C, Burlacu A, Lammers T, van Zandvoort M, Kiessling F. Noninvasive molecular ultrasound monitoring of vessel healing after intravascular surgical procedures in a preclinical setup. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1366-73. [PMID: 25838431 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular interventions induce damage to the vessel wall making antithrombotic therapy inevitable until complete endothelial recovery. Without a method to accurately determine the endothelial status, many patients undergo prolonged anticoagulation therapy, denying them any invasive medical procedures, such as surgical operations and dental interventions. Therefore, we aim to introduce molecular ultrasound imaging of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 using targeted poly-n-butylcyanoacrylate microbubbles (MB(VCAM-1)) as an easy accessible method to monitor accurately the reendothelialization of vessels. APPROACH AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 1 and 12 weeks and subsequently, endothelial denudation was performed in the carotid arteries using a guidewire. Molecular ultrasound imaging was performed at different time points after denudation (1, 3, 7, and 14 days). An increased MB(VCAM-1) binding after 1 day, a peak after 3 days, and a decrease after 7 days was found. After 12 weeks of diet, MB(VCAM-1) binding also peaked after 3 days but remained high until 7 days, indicating a delay in endothelial recovery. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging of double fluorescence staining confirmed the exposure of VCAM-1 on the superficial layer after arterial injury only during the healing phase. After complete reendothelialization, VCAM-1 expression persisted in the subendothelial layer but was not reachable for the MBV(CAM-1) anymore. CONCLUSION Molecular ultrasound imaging with MB(VCAM-1) is promising to assess vascular damage and to monitor endothelial recovery after arterial interventions. Thus, it may become an important diagnostic tool supporting the development of adequate therapeutic strategies to personalize anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory therapy after cardiovascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Curaj
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Stanley Fokong
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.)
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.).
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (A.C., Z.W., S.F., T.L., F.K.), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (A.C., Z.W., E.A.L., M.v.Z.), University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance), Munich, Germany (C.W.); Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania (A.B.); Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); and Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.v.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A L Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.L.B., J.C.S.)
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.L.B., J.C.S.)
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Traditional Chinese medication Tongxinluo inhibits inflammatory angiogenesis via Bmx/NF- B/MAPK pathways. Eur Heart J Suppl 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Recruitment of leukocytes into arteries is a hallmark event throughout all stages of atherosclerosis and hence stands out as a primary therapeutic target. To understand the molecular mechanisms of arterial leukocyte subset infiltration, real-time visualization of recruitment processes of leukocyte subsets at high resolution is a prerequisite. In this review we provide a balanced overview of optical imaging modalities in the more commonly used experimental models for atherosclerosis (e.g., mouse models) allowing for in vivo display of recruitment processes in large arteries and further detail strategies to overcome hurdles inherent to arterial imaging. We further provide a synopsis of techniques allowing for non-toxic, photostable labeling of target structures. Finally, we deliver a short summary of ongoing developments including the emergence of novel labeling approaches, the use of superresolution microscopy, and the potentials of opto-acoustic microscopy and intravascular 2-dimensional near-infrared fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Xu X, Mao W, Chai Y, Dai J, Chen Q, Wang L, Zhuang Q, Pan Y, Chen M, Ni G, Huang Z. Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Endostar, Prevents Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization in a Swine Atherosclerosis Model. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:1100-12. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.26906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital
| | - Yueyang Chai
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital
| | - Qian Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Lihui Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Qin Zhuang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Yongming Pan
- Center of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Minli Chen
- Center of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Guibao Ni
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital
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48
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Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) relevant to atherosclerosis include monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A decade ago, studies on macrophage behavior in atherosclerotic lesions were often limited to quantification of total macrophage area in cross-sections of plaques. Although technological advances are still needed to examine plaque MP populations in an increasingly dynamic and informative manner, innovative methods to interrogate the biology of MPs in atherosclerotic plaques developed in the past few years point to several mechanisms that regulate the accumulation and function of MPs within plaques. Here, I review the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques with respect to changes in the MP compartment from the initiation of plaque to its progression and regression, discussing the roles that recruitment, proliferation, and retention of MPs play at these different disease stages. Additional work in the future will be needed to better distinguish macrophages and dendritic cells in plaque and to address some basic unknowns in the field, including just how cholesterol drives accumulation of macrophages in lesions to build plaques in the first place and how macrophages as major effectors of innate immunity work together with components of the adaptive immune response to drive atherosclerosis. Answers to these questions are sought with the goal in mind of reversing disease where it exists and preventing its development where it does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn J Randolph
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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Schueth A, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Buurman WA, van Koeveringe GA. Murine bladder imaging by 2-photon microscopy: an experimental study of morphology. J Urol 2014; 192:973-80. [PMID: 24704014 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed 2-photon laser scanning microscopy analysis of the native murine bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder tissue from wild-type mice was imaged by 2-photon laser scanning microscopy autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. Bladder wall layers and structures were analyzed using differences in color, size, shape and morphology. RESULTS Autofluorescence of the urothelium, nerve structures and muscles was visible in the green spectral channel due to autofluorochromes such as NAD(P)H and elastin. Second harmonic generation of collagen was seen in the blue spectral channel. Imaging from the mucosal side revealed umbrella cells at 0 and 30 μm, of which the high cellular NAD(P)H content allows autofluorescence detection. Below that a network-like connective tissue layer was visualized up to 50 μm that contained vessels with a diameter of 10 to 40 μm and nerves with a diameter of 1 to 6 μm. Imaging from the adventitial side revealed a radiant collagen layer covered with nerves and macrophages at 0 to 20 μm. Below at 20 to 25 μm we visualized a thick muscle layer containing elastic fibers and macrophages. Findings were also represented in 3-dimensional reconstructions, providing information on structure localization, orientation and interconnection. CONCLUSIONS Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging using autofluorescence of the murine bladder is a promising technique to provide new insight into structures and morphology. It opens avenues to identify structural changes in bladder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schueth
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology-Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim A Buurman
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gommert A van Koeveringe
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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50
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Role of the vasa vasorum and vascular resident stem cells in atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:701571. [PMID: 24724094 PMCID: PMC3960518 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered an "inside-out" response, that begins with the dysfunction of intimal endothelial cells and leads to neointimal plaque formation. The adventitia of large blood vessels has been recognized as an active part of the vessel wall that is involved in the process of atherosclerosis. There are characteristic changes in the adventitial vasa vasorum that are associated with the development of atheromatous plaques. However, whether vasa vasorum plays a causative or merely reactive role in the atherosclerotic process is not completely clear. Recent studies report that the vascular wall contains a number of stem/progenitor cells that may contribute to vascular remodeling. Microvessels serve as the vascular niche that maintains the resident stem/progenitor cells of the tissue. Therefore, the vasa vasorum may contribute to vascular remodeling through not only its conventional function as a blood conducting tube, but also its new conceptual function as a stem cell reservoir. This brief review highlights the recent advances contributing to our understanding of the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum in the atherosclerosis and discusses new concept that involves vascular-resident factors, the vasa vasorum and its associated vascular-resident stem cells, in the atherosclerotic process.
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