1
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Karlis GD, Schöningh E, Jansen IDC, Schoenmaker T, Hogervorst JMA, van Veen HA, Moonen CGJ, Łagosz-Ćwik KB, Forouzanfar T, de Vries TJ. Chronic Exposure of Gingival Fibroblasts to TLR2 or TLR4 Agonist Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis but Does Not Affect Osteogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1693. [PMID: 32793243 PMCID: PMC7390923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to periodontopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and the products of these bacteria that interact with the cells of the tooth surrounding tissues can ultimately result in periodontitis. This is a disease that is characterized by inflammation-related alveolar bone degradation by the bone-resorbing cells, the osteoclasts. Interactions of bacterial products with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particular TLR2 and TLR4, play a significant role in this chronic inflammatory reaction, which possibly affects osteoclastic activity and osteogenic capacity. Little is known about how chronic exposure to specific TLR activators affects these two antagonistic activities. Here, we studied the effect of TLR activation on gingival fibroblasts (GF), cells that are anatomically close to infiltrating bacterial products in the mouth. These were co-cultured with naive osteoclast precursor cells (i.e., monocytes), as part of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Activation of GF co-cultures (GF + PBMCs) with TLR2 or TLR4 agonists resulted in a weak reduction of the osteoclastogenic potential of these cultures, predominantly due to TLR2. Interestingly, chronic exposure, especially to TLR2 agonist, resulted in increased release of TNF-α at early time points. This effect, was reversed at later time points, thus suggesting an adaptation to chronic exposure. Monocyte cultures primed with M-CSF + RANKL, led to the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, irrespective of being activated with TLR agonists. Late activation of these co-cultures with TLR2 and with TLR4 agonists led to a slight decrease in bone resorption. Activation of GF with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists did not affect the osteogenic capacity of the GF cells. In conclusion, chronic exposure leads to diverse reactions; inhibitory with naive osteoclast precursors, not effecting already formed (pre-)osteoclasts. We suggest that early encounter of naive monocytes with TLR agonists may result in differentiation toward the macrophage lineage, desirable for clearing bacterial products. Once (pre-)osteoclasts are formed, these cells may be relatively insensitive for direct TLR stimulation. Possibly, TLR activation of periodontal cells indirectly stimulates osteoclasts, by secreting osteoclastogenesis stimulating inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos D. Karlis
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emily Schöningh
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke D. C. Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. A. Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. van Veen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolyn G. J. Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katarzyna B. Łagosz-Ćwik
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tim Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teun J. de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Beldman T, Malinova TS, Desclos E, Grootemaat AE, Misiak ALS, van der Velden S, van Roomen CPAA, Beckers L, van Veen HA, Krawczyk PM, Hoebe RA, Sluimer JC, Neele AE, de Winther MPJ, van der Wel NN, Lutgens E, Mulder WJM, Huveneers S, Kluza E. Nanoparticle-Aided Characterization of Arterial Endothelial Architecture during Atherosclerosis Progression and Metabolic Therapy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:13759-13774. [PMID: 31268670 PMCID: PMC6933811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with a compromised endothelial barrier, facilitating the accumulation of immune cells and macromolecules in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we investigate endothelial barrier integrity and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect during atherosclerosis progression and therapy in Apoe-/- mice using hyaluronan nanoparticles (HA-NPs). Utilizing ultrastructural and en face plaque imaging, we uncover a significantly decreased junction continuity in the atherosclerotic plaque-covering endothelium compared to the normal vessel wall, indicative of disrupted endothelial barrier. Intriguingly, the plaque advancement had a positive effect on junction stabilization, which correlated with a 3-fold lower accumulation of in vivo administrated HA-NPs in advanced plaques compared to early counterparts. Furthermore, by using super-resolution and correlative light and electron microscopy, we trace nanoparticles in the plaque microenvironment. We find nanoparticle-enriched endothelial junctions, containing 75% of detected HA-NPs, and a high HA-NP accumulation in the endothelium-underlying extracellular matrix, which suggest an endothelial junctional traffic of HA-NPs to the plague. Finally, we probe the EPR effect by HA-NPs in the context of metabolic therapy with a glycolysis inhibitor, 3PO, proposed as a vascular normalizing strategy. The observed trend of attenuated HA-NP uptake in aortas of 3PO-treated mice coincides with the endothelial silencing activity of 3PO, demonstrated in vitro. Interestingly, the therapy also reduced the plaque inflammatory burden, while activating macrophage metabolism. Our findings shed light on natural limitations of nanoparticle accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques and provide mechanistic insight into nanoparticle trafficking across the atherosclerotic endothelium. Furthermore, our data contribute to the rising field of endothelial barrier modulation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs
J. Beldman
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S. Malinova
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anita E. Grootemaat
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aresh L. S. Misiak
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. van Veen
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Przemyslaw M. Krawczyk
- Department
of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University
Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E. Neele
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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3
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Kochan JA, van den Belt M, von der Lippe J, Desclos ECB, Steurer B, Hoebe RA, Scutigliani EM, Verhoeven J, Stap J, Bosch R, Rijpkema M, van Oven C, van Veen HA, Stellingwerf I, Vriend LEM, Marteijn JA, Aten JA, Krawczyk PM. Ultra-soft X-ray system for imaging the early cellular responses to X-ray induced DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e100. [PMID: 31318974 PMCID: PMC6753493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the proteins involved in processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) accumulate at the damage sites. Real-time imaging and analysis of these processes, triggered by the so-called microirradiation using UV lasers or heavy particle beams, yielded valuable insights into the underlying DSB repair mechanisms. To study the temporal organization of DSB repair responses triggered by a more clinically-relevant DNA damaging agent, we developed a system coined X-ray multi-microbeam microscope (XM3), capable of simultaneous high dose-rate (micro)irradiation of large numbers of cells with ultra-soft X-rays and imaging of the ensuing cellular responses. Using this setup, we analyzed the changes in real-time kinetics of MRE11, MDC1, RNF8, RNF168 and 53BP1—proteins involved in the signaling axis of mammalian DSB repair—in response to X-ray and UV laser-induced DNA damage, in non-cancerous and cancer cells and in the presence or absence of a photosensitizer. Our results reveal, for the first time, the kinetics of DSB signaling triggered by X-ray microirradiation and establish XM3 as a powerful platform for real-time analysis of cellular DSB repair responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Matthias van den Belt
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia von der Lippe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie C B Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Steurer
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bosch
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meindert Rijpkema
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel van Oven
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Stellingwerf
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne E M Vriend
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob A Aten
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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de Vries TJ, Schoenmaker T, van Veen HA, Hogervorst J, Krawczyk PM, Moonen CGJ, Jansen IDC. The Challenge of Teaching Essential Immunology Laboratory Skills to Undergraduates in One Month-Experience of an Osteoimmunology Course on TLR Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1822. [PMID: 31417577 PMCID: PMC6685388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquiring immunology laboratory skills during undergraduate studies is often a prerequisite for admission to Masters’ programs. Many broad liberal arts and sciences honors degree colleges struggle in teaching these essentials since only limited time is usually reserved for this. Here, we describe a new 1-month-course developed to train a small group of honors students in 6 techniques that are useful for immunology research. In essence, 15 students were divided into 3 groups of 5 students where each student became involved in current osteoimmunology research. Osteoimmunology is a relatively new branch of the immunology tree, where the effects of inflammation and the immune system on bone formation and bone degradation is studied. A broad, 3 weeks experiment on the chronic effects of molecules that specifically activate toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 on bone formation or osteoclast differentiation was performed just before the start of the course. Control samples and samples treated with TLR2 (group A), TLR4 (group B), or TLR2+TLR4 (group C) agonists were harvested and analyzed using quantitative PCR, ELISA, biochemistry, microscopy of enzyme-histochemically stained osteoclasts, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. Each technique was taught for 2 days by a specialized instructor, who was present at all laboratory activities. The primary research question for each group was: how does the experimental condition affect bone formation or osteoclast formation? The secondary research question specified per technique was: how does this technique answer part of the primary research question? Pedagogically, students were encouraged to collaborate within the group to analyze the obtained data. Secondly, at the end of the course, a representative of each group collaborated to summarize the TLR activation modalities of a technique of choice. Thirdly, each group wrote a report, where introduction and discussion were graded as a group; each technique part was graded individually. The summary of the results from the 3 treatment modalities was presented orally. The student evaluation of the course was high, students remarked that the course had a curriculum overarching function, since it created an awareness and appreciation for both the joy and the blood-sweat-and-tears aspects of pipetting, and writing research articles, making interpretation of those easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolyn G J Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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van der Wijk AE, Wisniewska-Kruk J, Vogels IMC, van Veen HA, Ip WF, van der Wel NN, van Noorden CJF, Schlingemann RO, Klaassen I. Expression patterns of endothelial permeability pathways in the development of the blood-retinal barrier in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:5320-5333. [PMID: 30698992 PMCID: PMC6436651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801499rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the molecular and cellular processes in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) development, including the contribution of paracellular and transcellular pathways, is still incomplete but may help to understand the inverse process of BRB loss in pathologic eye conditions. In this comprehensive observational study, we describe in detail the formation of the BRB at the molecular level in physiologic conditions, using mice from postnatal day (P)3 to P25. Our data indicate that immature blood vessels already have tight junctions at P5, before the formation of a functional BRB. Expression of the endothelial cell-specific protein plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), which is known to be involved in transcellular transport and associated with BRB permeability, decreased during development and was absent when a functional barrier was formed. Moreover, we show that PLVAP deficiency causes a transient delay in retinal vascular development and changes in mRNA expression levels of endothelial permeability pathway proteins.-Van der Wijk, A.-E., Wisniewska-Kruk, J., Vogels, I. M. C., van Veen, H. A., Ip, W. F., van der Wel, N. N., van Noorden, C. J. F., Schlingemann, R. O., Klaassen, I. Expression patterns of endothelial permeability pathways in the development of the blood-retinal barrier in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Eva van der Wijk
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Wisniewska-Kruk
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse M C Vogels
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wing Fung Ip
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetic Toxicology and Tumor Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Scutigliani EM, Scholl ER, Grootemaat AE, Khanal S, Kochan JA, Krawczyk PM, Reits EA, Garzan A, Ngo HX, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Ruijter JM, van Veen HA, van der Wel NN. Interfering With DNA Decondensation as a Strategy Against Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2034. [PMID: 30233521 PMCID: PMC6135046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is once again a major global threat, leading to more than 1 million deaths each year. Treatment options for tuberculosis patients are limited, expensive and characterized by severe side effects, especially in the case of multidrug-resistant forms. Uncovering novel vulnerabilities of the pathogen is crucial to generate new therapeutic strategies. Using high resolution microscopy techniques, we discovered one such vulnerability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate that the DNA of M. tuberculosis can condense under stressful conditions such as starvation and antibiotic treatment. The DNA condensation is reversible and specific for viable bacteria. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that blocking the recovery from the condensed state could weaken the bacteria. We showed that after inducing DNA condensation, and subsequent blocking of acetylation of DNA binding proteins, the DNA localization in the bacteria is altered. Importantly under these conditions, Mycobacterium smegmatis did not replicate and its survival was significantly reduced. Our work demonstrates that agents that block recovery from the condensed state of the nucleoid can be exploited as antibiotic. The combination of fusidic acid and inhibition of acetylation of DNA binding proteins, via the Eis enzyme, potentiate the efficacy of fusidic acid by 10 and the Eis inhibitor to 1,000-fold. Hence, we propose that successive treatment with antibiotics and drugs interfering with recovery from DNA condensation constitutes a novel approach for treatment of tuberculosis and related bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo M Scutigliani
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Edwin R Scholl
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sadhana Khanal
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Eric A Reits
- Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Jan M Ruijter
- Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Claushuis TAM, van der Donk LEH, Luitse AL, van Veen HA, van der Wel NN, van Vught LA, Roelofs JJTH, de Boer OJ, Lankelma JM, Boon L, de Vos AF, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T. Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia-Derived Sepsis. J Immunol 2018; 201:1241-1252. [PMID: 29987161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes citrullination of histones, an important step for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We aimed to determine the role of PAD4 during pneumonia. Markers of NET formation were measured in lavage fluid from airways of critically ill patients. NET formation and host defense were studied during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in PAD4+/+ and PAD4-/- mice. Patients with pneumosepsis, compared with those with nonpulmonary disease, showed increased citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) levels in their airways and a trend toward elevated levels of NET markers cell-free DNA and nucleosomes. During murine pneumosepsis, CitH3 levels were increased in the lungs of PAD4+/+ but not of PAD4-/- mice. Combined light and electron microscopy showed NET-like structures surrounding Klebsiella in areas of CitH3 staining in the lung; however, these were also seen in PAD4-/- mice with absent CitH3 lung staining. Moreover, cell-free DNA and nucleosome levels were mostly similar in both groups. Moreover, Klebsiella and LPS could still induce NETosis in PAD4-/- neutrophils. Both groups showed largely similar bacterial growth, lung inflammation, and organ injury. In conclusion, these data argue against a major role for PAD4 in NET formation, host defense, or organ injury during pneumonia-derived sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A M Claushuis
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
| | - Lieve E H van der Donk
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna L Luitse
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Lankelma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Palao T, Medzikovic L, Rippe C, Wanga S, Al-Mardini C, van Weert A, de Vos J, van der Wel NN, van Veen HA, van Bavel ET, Swärd K, de Waard V, Bakker ENTP. Thrombospondin-4 mediates cardiovascular remodelling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 35:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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9
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Damanafshan A, Elzenaar I, Samson-Couterie B, van der Made I, Bourajjaj M, van den Hoogenhof MM, van Veen HA, Picavet DI, Beqqali A, Ehler E, De Windt LJ, Pinto YM, van Oort RJ. The MEF2 transcriptional target DMPK induces loss of sarcomere structure and cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1474-1486. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Damanafshan
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ies Elzenaar
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benoit Samson-Couterie
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meriem Bourajjaj
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M van den Hoogenhof
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I Picavet
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J van Oort
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Weijenborg PW, Smout AJPM, Verseijden C, van Veen HA, Verheij J, de Jonge WJ, Bredenoord AJ. Hypersensitivity to acid is associated with impaired esophageal mucosal integrity in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with and without esophagitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G323-9. [PMID: 24924748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00345.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased esophageal sensitivity and impaired mucosal integrity have both been described in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, but the relationship between hypersensitivity and mucosal integrity is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate acid sensitivity in patients with erosive and nonerosive reflux disease and control subjects to determine the relation with functional esophageal mucosal integrity changes as well as to investigate cellular mechanisms of impaired mucosal integrity in these patients. In this prospective experimental study, 12 patients with nonerosive reflux disease, 12 patients with esophagitis grade A or B, and 11 healthy control subjects underwent an acid perfusion test and upper endoscopy. Mucosal integrity was measured during endoscopy by electrical tissue impedance spectroscopy and biopsy specimens were analyzed in Ussing chambers for transepithelial electrical resistance, transepithelial permeability and gene expression of tight junction proteins and filaggrin. Patients with nonerosive reflux disease and esophagitis were more sensitive to acid perfusion compared with control subjects, having a shorter time to perception of heartburn and higher perceived intensity of heartburn. In reflux patients, enhanced acid sensitivity was associated with impairment of in vivo and vitro esophageal mucosal integrity. Mucosal integrity was significantly impaired in patients with esophagitis, displaying higher transepithelial permeability and lower extracellular impedance. Although no significant differences in the expression of tight junction proteins were found in biopsies among patient groups, mucosal integrity parameters in reflux patients correlated negatively with the expression of filaggrin. In conclusion, sensitivity to acid is enhanced in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, irrespective of the presence of erosions, and is associated with impaired esophageal mucosal integrity. Mucosal integrity of the esophagus is associated with the expression of filaggrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim W Weijenborg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André J P M Smout
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Verseijden
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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11
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Filali EE, Hiralall JK, van Veen HA, Stolz DB, Seppen J. Human liver endothelial cells, but not macrovascular or microvascular endothelial cells, engraft in the mouse liver. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1801-11. [PMID: 23044355 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cell transplantation has had limited clinical success so far, partly due to poor engraftment of hepatocytes. Instead of hepatocytes. other cell types, such as endothelial cells, could be used in ex vivo liver gene therapy. The goal of the present study was to compare the grafting and repopulation capacity of human endothelial cells derived from various tissues. Human endothelial cells were isolated from adult and fetal livers using anti-human CD31 antibody-conjugated magnetic beads. Human macrovascular endothelial cells were obtained from umbilical vein. Human microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from adipose tissue. Cells were characterized using flow cytometry. Liver engraftment and repopulation of endothelial cells was studied after intrasplenic transplantation in monocrotaline-treated immunodeficient mice. Following transplantation, human liver endothelial cells engrafted throughout the mouse liver. With immunoscanning electron microscopy, fenestrae in engrafted human liver endothelial cells were identified, a characteristic feature of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In contrast, CD31-negative liver cells, human macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells were not capable of repopulating mouse liver. Characterization of human liver, macrovascular, and microvascular endothelial cells demonstrated expression of CD31, CD34, and CD146 but not CD45. Our study shows that only human liver endothelial cells, but not macro- and microvascular endothelial cells, have the unique capacity to engraft and repopulate the mouse liver. These results indicate that mature endothelial cells cannot transdifferentiate in vivo and thus do not exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Our results have set a basis for further research to the potential of human liver endothelial cells in liver-directed cell and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtisam El Filali
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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van den Boorn JG, Picavet DI, van Swieten PF, van Veen HA, Konijnenberg D, van Veelen PA, van Capel T, de Jong EC, Reits EA, Drijfhout JW, Bos JD, Melief CJ, Luiten RM. Skin-Depigmenting Agent Monobenzone Induces Potent T-Cell Autoimmunity toward Pigmented Cells by Tyrosinase Haptenation and Melanosome Autophagy. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1240-51. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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van Oven C, Krawczyk PM, Stap J, Melo AM, Piazzetta MHO, Gobbi AL, van Veen HA, Verhoeven J, Aten JA. An ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam irradiation system for studies of DNA damage responses by fixed- and live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Eur Biophys J 2009; 38:721-8. [PMID: 19495740 PMCID: PMC2701496 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Localized induction of DNA damage is a valuable tool for studying cellular DNA damage responses. In recent decades, methods have been developed to generate DNA damage using radiation of various types, including photons and charged particles. Here we describe a simple ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam system for high dose-rate, localized induction of DNA strand breaks in cells at spatially and geometrically adjustable sites. Our system can be combined with fixed- and live-cell microscopy to study responses of cells to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel van Oven
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Microscopical Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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den Hertog AL, van Marle J, van Veen HA, Van't Hof W, Bolscher JGM, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Candidacidal effects of two antimicrobial peptides: histatin 5 causes small membrane defects, but LL-37 causes massive disruption of the cell membrane. Biochem J 2005; 388:689-95. [PMID: 15707390 PMCID: PMC1138977 DOI: 10.1042/bj20042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of antimicrobial peptides on artificial membranes have been well-documented; however, reports on the ultrastructural effects on the membranes of micro-organisms are relatively scarce. We compared the effects of histatin 5 and LL-37, two antimicrobial peptides present in human saliva, on the functional and morphological properties of the Candida albicans cell membrane. Fluorescence microscopy and immunogold transmission electron microscopy revealed that LL-37 remained associated with the cell wall and cell membrane, whereas histatin 5 transmigrated over the membrane and accumulated intracellularly. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed that LL-37 severely affected the membrane morphology, resulting in the disintegration of the membrane bilayer into discrete vesicles, and an instantaneous efflux of small molecules such as ATP as well as larger molecules such as proteins with molecular masses up to 40 kDa. The effects of histatin 5 on the membrane morphology were less pronounced, but still resulted in the efflux of nucleotides. As the morphological defects induced by histatin 5 are much smaller than those induced by LL-37, but the efflux of nucleotides is similar at comparable candidacidal concentrations, we suggest that the loss of nucleotides plays an important role in the killing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L den Hertog
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit and Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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van Zuijlen PPM, Ruurda JJB, van Veen HA, van Marle J, van Trier AJM, Groenevelt F, Kreis RW, Middelkoop E. Collagen morphology in human skin and scar tissue: no adaptations in response to mechanical loading at joints. Burns 2003; 29:423-31. [PMID: 12880721 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-4179(03)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermal collagen displays a random-like structure that has a major role in strength and function of the human integument. It is hypothesised that collagen bundles align in a parallel fashion in the direction of mechanical tension during scarring, which may explain the problematic scar formation that occurs specifically at joints. Scar tissue and normal skin were biopsied from joints and control areas and evaluated by the Fourier analysis. Collagen orientation was represented by an index ranging from 0 (perfectly random) to 1 (perfectly parallel). Collagen bundle packing signifies the average distance between the centres of collagen bundles. No differences were shown in collagen morphology of scar tissue and normal skin between joints and control areas. Normal skin had a significantly lower collagen orientation index than scar tissue (0.26 versus 0.44, P<0.001). The bundle packing of scar tissue differed significantly from normal skin (18.1 microm versus 23.7 microm, P<0.001). Collagen appeared less parallel orientated in deep dermis compared to superficial dermis especially for normal skin (0.27 versus 0.33, P=0.06). Normal skin had a less parallel organisation in sections that were cut parallel compared to those that were cut perpendicular to the epidermis (0.24 versus 0.30, P=0.02). Collagen orientation of scar tissue is more parallel compared to normal skin. Morphology differs with respect to superficial and deep dermal layers and parallel and perpendicular planes, but appears not to respond to mechanical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P M van Zuijlen
- Burn Centre and Department of Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands.
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16
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Nibbering CP, Frederik PM, van Berge-Henegouwen GP, van Veen HA, van Marle J, van Erpecum KJ. Different interactions of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin with detergent bile salts. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1583:213-20. [PMID: 12117565 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To examine physical-chemical aspects of bile salt-phospholipid interactions that could contribute to preferential phosphatidylcholine (PC) secretion into bile, we have compared transitions between vesicles and micelles in model systems containing taurocholate (TC) and either egg-yolk PC (EYPC), egg-yolk sphingomyelin (EYSM), buttermilk SM (BMSM) or dipalmitoyl PC (DPPC). Phase transitions from micelles to vesicles were observed at 4-fold dilution of serially diluted EYPC/TC systems, but not earlier than at 16-fold dilution of SM/TC or DPPC/TC systems, indicating lower concentrations of the detergent required for micellization in the case of SM or DPPC. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy of phase transitions initiated by addition of TC to phospholipid vesicles revealed extremely long SM-containing intermediate structures, but shorter EYPC-containing intermediate structures. Again, larger amounts of bile salt were required to induce phase transitions in the case of EYPC compared to SM. Sizes of TC-phospholipid micelles increased progressively upon increasing phospholipid contents in the rank order: DPPC-TC<EYSM-TC<BMSM-TC<EYPC-TC, consistent with higher micellization concentrations in the case of EYPC. Micelles were also separated from vesicular phases in two-phase model systems composed with TC, both EYPC and EYSM and 0, 10, 20 or 30 mol% cholesterol, by ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration of the supernatant. At increasing cholesterol contents, EYPC preferentially distributed into the micellar phase. In contrast, no preferential micellar EYPC distribution occurred in the absence of the sterol. These results indicate different structural arrangements of EYPC-TC micelles compared to SM-TC micelles and lower detergent concentrations required for micellization in the case of SM-containing vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina P Nibbering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Surgery, Gastrointestinal Research Unit, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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